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Beurteilung Von Nachkommen Alter Apfelsorten Im Rahmen Der Züchtungsarbeit Der Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe

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Beurteilung Von Nachkommen Alter Apfelsorten Im Rahmen Der Züchtungsarbeit Der Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe BEURTEILUNG VON NACHKOMMEN ALTER APFELSORTEN IM RAHMEN DER ZÜCHTUNGSARBEIT DER ZÜCHTUNGSINITIATIVE NIEDERELBE (Prof. Dr. W. Dierend, Hochschule Osnabrück) Nutzung der Obstsortenvielfalt in der Züchtung, Berlin 14./15. November 2017 1 1. Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe 2. Kreuzungen mit „alten“ Apfelsorten 3. Fazit Alle nachfolgende Fotos wurden vom Referenten gemacht. 2 1. Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe • im Jahr 2002 entwickeln 7 junge Obstbauern ein Konzept für eine privat finanzierte Apfelsorten- züchtung an der Niederelbe (Sorten aus südlicher Hemisphäre, Club-Sorten) • Kooperation mit der HS-Osnabrück • September 2002 Gründung der Züchtungsinitiative Niederelbe GmbH & Co. KG (ZIN) • 170 Obstbau- und Obsthandelsbetriebe • Ziele: Züchtung, Anbau und Vermarktung eigener Apfelsorten (Club-Konzept) 3 4 Aufgaben ZIN • Finanzierung • Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Pflege des Selektionsfeldes • Anbau und Vermarktung HS-Osnabrück • wissenschaftliche Begleitung - Optimierung einzelner Züchtungsschritte - Forschungsprojekte (z.B. Schorfresistenz, Allergene) • Koordination und Durchführung des gesamten Züchtungsprojektes: Kreuzungen, Stratifikation, Sämlingsanzucht, Selektion Baumschule Carolus • Baumanzucht 5 ZIN-Selektionsfeld HS-Osnabrück BS-Carolus 6 Selektionsstufen • Stufe I: (Beginn 2005) - ZIN-Selektionsfeld an der Niederelbe - maximal 6 Jahre - 1 Baum pro Klon - ca. 8000 Klone • Stufe II: (Beginn 2008) - maximal 8 Jahre - 2 Standorte (Osnabrück, ZIN-Selektionsfeld) - 10 Bäume pro Klon - ca. 200 Klone • Stufe III: (Beginn 2013) - Versuchseinrichtungen, Mitgliedsbetriebe - erster Sortenschutzantrag Dezember 2016 7 Anzucht der Apfelsämlinge im 4 l Container 8 ZIN-Selektionsfeld – Stufe I 9 ZIN-Selektionsfeld – Stufe I 10 ZIN-Selektionsstufe-II 11 ZIN-Selektionsstufe-III 12 2. Kreuzungen mit „alten“ Apfelsorten in den Jahren 2003 bis 2011 Muttersorte (Kreuzungsjahr) Vatersorte Golden Delicious (2003, 2004) Dülmener, Finkenwerder, Rote Sternrenette Braeburn (2003, 2009) Dülmener Horneburger (2003) Gala Jonagold (2003) Finkenwerder Elstar (2003-2007) Dülmener, Finkenw., R. Stern. Pinova (2004-2006) Dülmener, Finkenw., R. Stern. Gala (2008) Dülmener, Finkenwerder Fuji (2011) Dülmener, Finkenw., R. Stern. Honeycrisp (2011) Dülmener 13 Elternsorten wichtiger Apfelsorten Sorte Mutter Vater Jonagold G. Delicious Jonathan Elstar G. Delicious Ingrid Marie Gala Kidds Orange G. Delicious Pinova Clivia G. Delicious Rubinette G. Delicious Cox Orange? Pink Lady Lady Williams G. Delicious Delbarestivale Stark Jon G. Delicious Grimes 14 ‘Dülmener Herbstrosenapfel‘, ‘Finkenwerder‘ (‘Herbstprinz‘), Dülmen um 1870, Zuf.slg. um 1860 Elbinsel Finkenwerder, ‘Gravensteiner‘, Tafelapfel, robust Verarbeitung, Tafelapfel, robust 15 ‘Horneburger‘, (‘Horneburger ‘Rote Sternrenette‘, 1830 Pfannkuchen‘), 1875 Horneburg erstmals beschrieben, (NE), triploid, Wirtschaftsapfel, Maastricht?, Weihnachtsapfel (Tafelapfel), robust, späte Blüte robust 16 Kernzahlen und Erwartungswerte • aus Kreuzungen mit „alten“ Apfelsorten gingen 7.890 Kerne hervor, davon wurden 4.962 Kerne stratifiziert • Erfahrungswerte der ZIN: 4.200 Kerne stratifiziert ergeben etwa 3.000 Bäume (Klone) für die Selektionsstufe-I und diese ergeben etwa 30 Klone für die Selektionsstufe-II • aus 4.962 Kernen (Kreuzungen mit „alten“ Apfelsorten) wären demnach etwa 35 Klone für die Selektionsstufe-I zu erwarten gewesen • tatsächlich kamen von diesen Kreuzungen nur 7 Klone in die Selektionsstufe-II; also nur 20 % der erwarteten Zahl 17 Selektionskriterien auf dem Selektionsfeld in Stufe-I Kriterium nicht ausreichend ausreichend (= Rodung) (= Fruchtprobe) Größe (≥ 65 mm) 1 2 Aussehen 1 2 18 Beurteilungsbogen für Selektionsstufe I (Fruchtproben) 19 Beurteilungen von Klonen verschiedener Kreuzungen im Verlauf der Selektionsstufe-I Kreuzungen Größe, Aus- ≥ 7 Punkte Stufe-II (%) sehen: 2 (%) (%) () = Anzahl Elstar x Finkenwerder 21 3 0,9 (2) (225 Klone) G. Delicious x Finkenw. 8 1 0,2 (1) (454 Klone) Pinova x Elstar 21 5 2,2 (6) (268 Klone) Braeburn x Honeycrisp 22 5 3,5 (7) (202 Klone) 20 Klone der Selektionsstufe-II (* = Selektion noch nicht abgeschlossen) Kreuzung Aussehen Geschmack °Brix g Säure/l kg/cm² (1-9) (1-9) G. Del. x 6,6 5,4 14,2 9,6 10,3 Finkenw. Elstar x 5,9 6,1 15,5 8,5 10,5 Finkenw. Elstar x 6,1 4,5 15,0 9,3 7,0 Finkenw. Pinova x 5,2-6,3 3,8-5,3 13,0-15,0 4,0-12,0 7,5-11,0 Elstar (n=6) Brae. x 6,1; 6,3 4,7; 6,7 12,0; 13,1 6,5; 8,7 6,4; 11,1 Honeycr. 21 (n =2)* Elstar x Finkenwerder, Selektionsstufe-II 22 Elstar x Finkenwerder, Selektionsstufe-II 23 Klone der Selektionsstufe-II (Nachkommen „alter“ Sorten) Kreuzung Rodung Grund G. Del. x Finkenw. ja Ertrag, Geschmack Elstar x Finkenw. ja Ertrag, Haltbarkeit G. Del. x Finkenw. ja Aussehen, Geschmack Elstar x Finkenw. ja Geschmack Pinova x Dülmener ja Geschmack Pinova x Dülmener noch offen Pinova x Finkenw. noch offen 24 3. Fazit • der Anteil marktfähiger Nachkommen von „alten“ Apfelsorten ist deutlich geringer als bei anderen Sorten (z.B. Standardsorten) • diese Aussage bezieht sich nur auf die hier vorgestellten Kreuzungen mit den „alten“ Apfelsorten: ‘Dülmener‘, ‘Finkenwerder‘, ‘Horneburger‘ und ‘Rote Sternrenette‘ • durch eine deutliche Steigerung der Zahl der Nachkommen „alter“ Apfelsorten könnte die Wahrscheinlichkeit steigen, marktfähige Klone zu finden • dieser Aufwand übersteigt aber die finanziellen Möglichkeiten der ZIN 25 Vielen Dank! 26.
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