Preliminary optimization of the environmental performance of PHA downstream processing

Mateo Saavedra del Oso, Miguel Mauricio-Iglesias and Almudena Hospido Group of Environmental Biotechnnology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

USABLE PACKAGING Call: H2020-BBI-JTI-2018 EU ID: 836884 Building blocks for a sustainable bioplastic value chain

100 Mt of food waste/year Biobased packaging products

Building blocks

2 … but how? Framework: knowledge integration for efficient decision making BIOPLASTIC VALUE CHAIN MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Feedstock production PHA accumulation Process optimization PHA production VFA production

PHA downstream INTEGRATION INTO LCA processing LCIA & Bioplastic shaping and Early scale-up compounding interpretation Data LCI Bioplastic use Best practices collection construction Bioplastic end-of-life Data collection LCI Long-term templates methodologies environmental impacts 3 LITERATURE REVIEW Bioplastic value chain hotspot: PHA downstream processing

Feedstock production

PHA production

PHA downstream processing

Bioplastic shaping and compounding Optimization of the environmental performance Bioplastic use

Bioplastic end-of-life 4 Product requirements and processes selection

Quality Chemical impurities High molecular weight Comply EU No 10/2011? High-grade (H) Low-grade (L)

G Feedstock Culture Method TRL G Feedstock Culture Method TRL

Acetone Acetone H1 Pure 9 L1 Methane Pure 4 extraction extraction HPH + SDS Osmotic H2 Food waste Pure 9 Halophilic digestion L2 shock + SDS 4 wastewater NaOH + Lysol digestion H3 Oleic acid Pure 4 digestion Mixed NaClO + SDS L3 Wastewater 4 culture digestion Glucose, Ethyl acetate H4 Pure 6 extraction Molasses Fusel alcohols soybean oil L4 Pure 8 byproducts extraction 5 Scenarios definition

6 Goal & Scope

7 Life cycle impact assessment: 1 kg high-grade PHA

8 Life cycle impact assessment: 1 kg low-grade PHA

9 Optimization of the environmental performance Technology Hotspot Scenario assessed Result

Oil as heat source Heat consumption in solvent Solvent extraction recovery as heat source

Chemicals are not recovered Chemical digestion Chemicals consumption Chemical are recovered

Electricity consumption in High-carbon electricity mix (Polish) Mechanical disruption HPH Low-carbon electricity mix (Swedish)

Improvement Environmental impacts reduction Process Framework actions GWP Human toxicity Fossil depletion L2 Larger facilities with Heat 83% 50% 73% L4 available residual vapor integration 12% 13% 11% 10 Conclusions • Most promising PHA downstream processes were identified and evaluated • Preliminary insights for the optimization of their environmental performance were provided • Solvent extraction require high amounts of energy. Heat integration and the utilization so-called green solvents can reduce the environmental impacts • Chemical digestion shows a better environmental performance when is combined with mechanical disruption or chemicals are recovered • High pressure homogenisation is the most promising method from a environmental perspective

11 Preliminary optimization of the environmental performance of PHA downstream processing

[email protected] www.usc.es/biogroup

USABLE PACKAGING Call: H2020-BBI-JTI-2018 EU ID: 836884