THE

QUARTERLY

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDO5

EDITED BY

THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

VOLUME THE FOURTEENTH.

1858.

PART THE FIRST. PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

LONDON LONGMAN, BKOWN, GREEN, LONGMANS, AND ROBERTS.

PARIS :--FRIED. KLINCKSIECK, 11 RUE DE LILLE; BAUDRY, 9 RUE DU COQ, PRES LE LOUVRE ; LEIPZIG, T. O. 'WEIGEL.

SOLD AL~O AT THE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY.

MDCCCLVIII. OF THE

OFFICERS

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF .

Elected February 19, 1858.

Professor John Phillips, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. i~fc~re~f~mt~. John J. Bigsby, M.D. Hugh Falconer, M.D., F.R.S. Leonard Horner, Esq., F.R.S.L. & E. Sir R. I. Murchison, G.C.St.S,, F.R.S. & L.S. ~r Thomas Davidson, Esq., F.R.S. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. ~oreign ~creta~. WiUiam John Hamilton, Esq., F.R.S. grea~urrr. Joseph Prestwieh, Esq., F.R.S.

John J. Bigsby, M.D. Prof. N. S. Maskelyne, M.A. W. J. Broderip, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. & L.S. John C. Moore, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Prof. , M.D., F.R.S. & L.S. Sir R. I. Murchison, G.C.St.S., F.R.S. & Thomas Davidson, Esq., F.R.S. L.S. Hugh Falconer, M.D., F.R.S. Robert W. Mylne, Esq. Thomas F. Gibson, Esq. Prof. John Phillips, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. R. A. Godwin-Austen, Esq., B.A., F.R.S. Major-General Portlock, LL.D., F.R.S. , Esq., F.R.S. Joseph Prestwieh, Esq., F.R.S. Leonard Horner, Esq., F.R.S.L. & E. Samuel Peace Pratt, Esq., F.R.S. & L.S. T. H. Huxley, Esq., F.R.S. Prof. A. C. Ramsay, F.R.S. Col. Henry James, R.E., F.R.S. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Sir , F.R.S. & L.S. Alfred Tylor, Esq., F.L.S.

~i~tant~becrcta~, Curator, an~ gilJrarian. T. Rupert Jones, Esq. TABLE OF CONTENTS,

PART I.--ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Page ANSTED, Prof. D.T. On the Geology of the Southern Part of An- dalusia, between Gibraltar and Almeria. [AbstractJ ...... 130 B~_LY, William H., Esq. Descriptions of Fossil Invel~ebrata from the Crimea : with a Note on the Geology of the Neighbourhood of Sevastopol, and the Southern Coast of the Crimea ; by Capt. C. F. COCKBURN. (With 3 Plates) ...... 133 BrGsBY, Dr. J. J. On the Palmozoic Basin of the State of New York. Part I. A Synoptical View of the Mineralo~cal and Fos- sil Characters of the Palaeozoic Strata of the State o~ New York.. 335 ~. Part II. Classification of the Palaeozoic Strata of the State of New York ...... 305, 427 BtTCKM~U% Prof. James: On the Oolite Rocks of Gloucestershire and North Wilts. (With a Plate) ...... 98 BVNBURY, C. J. F., Esq. On a remarkable Specimen of Nearopteris ; with Remarks on the Genus ...... 243 DAUBENY, Dr. C. G.B. On the Evolution of Anunonia from Vol- carlos ...... 295 EG~rCTON, Sir P.. Palichthyologl"c Notes, No. 10. On 2aleeoniscus. superstes: with a Note on the occurrence of a New Specms of Fish in the Upper Keuper Sandstone in Warwickshire; by the Rev. P. B. Brod]e. (With a Plate.) ...... 164 FaLco~n~, Dr. H. On the Species of Mastodon and Elephant occur- ring in the Fossil State in . Part II. Elephas. ~Abstract.] 81 FORBES, Dr. C. On a quantity of Crabs thrown up on the Beach in Payta Bay. [Abstract.] ...... 294 On the Coal found to the South of Concepcion, in Southern Chili. ~Abstract.] ...... 294 GEncJ_~, A., Esq. On the Geology of Strath, Sly-e: with descri - tions of some Fossils from Skye; by Dr. T. V~IGHT. (Wit~Pa Plate.) ...... GE~r~.LT.ARO, Sign. Gaetano Giorgio. On the Gradual Elevation of the Coast of , from the mouth of the Simeto to the Onobola 504 GIBSON, T. F., Esq. Notice of the Discovery of a large Femur of the Iguanodon in the Weald Clay at Sundown Bay, Ism of Wight. (Abstract.] ...... 175 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page GoDwr~r-AUSTEN, Robert, Esq. On a Boulder of Granite found in the "White Chalk/' near Croydon ; and on the Extraneous Rocks from that Formation ...... 252 HAUGHTON, the Rev. Prof. Samuel. Experimental Researches on the Granites of Ireland. Part II. (continued). On the Granites of the North-east of Ireland ...... 300 HULL, Edward, Esq. On the Triassic and Permian Rocks of the Odenwald, in the vicinity of Heidelberg, and the Corresponding Fm~nations in Central England ...... 219 HUXLEY, Prof. T. H. On a New Species of Plesiosanrus from Street, near Glastonbury; with Remarks on the Structure of the Atlas and Axis Vertebrm, and of the Cranium, in that Genus .... 281 On Cephalaspis and Pteraspis. (With 2 Plates.) ...... 267 JAMmSO~,-, T. F., Esq. On Fossil Shells and Striated Boulders at High Levels in Scotland ...... 509 On the Pleistocene Deposits of Aberdeenshire : with a Note by" S. P. WOODWARD~ Esq., on some of the Fossil Shells ...... 509 MACNAB, Mr. Kennedy. Notice of Superficial Deposits in Abernethy. [Abstract.] ...... 532 MAsoN, Mr. Richard. On Changes of Level in South Wales. EAbstract.] ...... ' ...... 582 MvrtcmsoN, Sir R.i. On the Succession of Rocks in the Nol~hern Highlands, from the oldest Gneiss, through Strata of Cambrian and Lower Silurian age, to the Old Red Sandstone inclusive. ~Abstract.] ...... 501 . The Silurian Rocks and Fossils of Norway, as described by M. TH_EODOR KJ:ERULF, those of the Baltic Provi'nces of Russia, by Prof. SCHMIDr, and both compared with their British Equivalents. 36 Nm0L, Prof. James On the Newer Red Sandstone, and on some other Geological Phenomena, near Loch Greinord, in Ross-shire.. 167 OW~N, Prof. R. Description of a small Lophiodont Mammal (_Pliolo- phus ~lpiceps, Owen)from the London Clay, near Harwich. (With 3 Plates.) ...... 54 Note on the Bones of the tIind-foot of the Iguanodon, dis- covered and exhibited by S. H. BECKLES, F.G.S ...... 174 On some Outline-drawings and Photographs of the Skull of Zygomaturus trilobus, Maeleay, from Australia. [Abstract.] .... 541 PHILL~eS, Prof. John. On some Comparative Sections in the Oolitic and Ironstone Series of Yorkshire. (With a Plate.) ...... 84

(V~ritOh n the Estuary Sands in the upper part of Shotover Hill. a Plate.) ...... 236 PHILLIPS, John, Esq. On the Gold Fields of Ballaarat, Victoria, [Abstract.] ...... 538 TABLE OF CONTENTS. v Page PRESTWICH, Joseph~ Esq.. On the Age of some Sands and Iron- sandstones on the North Downs : with a Note on the Fossils fi'om Lenham ; by S. V. ~ooD, Esq ...... 322 On the Boring through the Chalk at Harwich ...... 249 PRI~G, J. D., Esq. On the Gravels at Taunton, in Somersetshire. [Abstract.J ...... 164 R~DAWAY, Mr. W. On the Gold-diggings at Creswick Creek and Ballaarat, ~Abstract.~ ...... 540 ROSALES, Henrique, Esq. On the Gold-diggings at Ballaarat ..... 543 S~LTER, J. ~V., Esq. On a New Genus of Cephalopoda, Tretoceras (Orthoceras bi~iphonatum~ Sowerby); and on the occtm'ence of the Genus Ascoceras, Barrande, in ]~ritain. (V~ith a Plate.) .... 177 ----. On some Remains of TelTestrial Plants in the Old Red Sand- stone of Caithness- with a Note on the Plant-bearing Devonian Beds of Caithness ; by John MILLER, ESC1. (With a Plate.) .... 72 SEL~YI,~, Alfred R. C., Esq. On the Geology of the Gold-fields of Victoria ...... 533 S~TH~ R. Brough, Esq. On the Extinct of Victoria, Australia ...... 227 SoI~Y, H. C, Esq. On some Peculiarities in the Microscopical Struc- ture of Crystals, applicable to the determination of the Aclueous or Igneous origin of ~ocks. [Abstract.] ...... 242 .-. On the Microscopical Structure of Crystals, indicating the Origin of Minerals and Rocks. (V~ith 4 Plates.) ...... 453 SPRATT, Capt. T. On the Freshwater Deposits of the Levant. 176~ 212 On the Geology of the North-east part of the Dobrutcha 176, 203 T~IM~E~, Joshua, Esq. On the Upper and Lower Boulder~clays of the Gorlston Cliffs in Norfolk ...... 171

Annual Report ...... i. Anniversary Address ...... xxiv.

Donations to the Library, and Bibliography ...... 79~ 181, 307, 544 LIST OF THE FOSSILS FIGURED AND DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

[In this list, those fossils the names of which are printed in Roman type have been previously described.]

Name of Species. I Formation. I Locality. I Page.

PLA~NTTIEo Coniferous Rootlets. P1. v. f. 3-7 ...I -~ Wood Pl.v ...... [ f 7473 Lepidodendron nothum ? P1. v. f. 9...1 Devonian ... Caithness ...... 75 Lyeopodites Milleri. P1. v. f. 8 ...... 75 Neuropteris gigantea. Woodcut ...... oal-measures Lancashire ...... 243

AMOI~PHOZOA. (2.)

Poraoekii. P1. ix. f. 1 ...... Tertiary ...... Crimea ...... 143

CORALLIUM. Isastrma Murehisoni ...... I Lias ...... ] Skye ...... [ 34

MOLLUSeA. (52.) ( Braehiopoda. ) Crania spinulosa. P1. viii. f. 7 ...... I Cretaceous ...i Crimea ...... i 140 RhynehonellaCoolcei. Pl. viii. f. 5...tl ,f136 peetinata. P1. viii. f. 4 ...... I / 137 Terebratula Jamesff. PI. viii. f. 2 ... Jurassic ...... Crimea ...... !] 136 Terebratulina radiata. P1. viii. f. 3 .... i ~. 136

( Lamellibranehiata. ) .4starteavulchella. P1. ix. f. 10 ...... [ Tertiary ...... I Crimea ...... 146 quadrata. P1. ix. f. 7 ...... I Tertiary ...... ] Crimea ...... 146 Cardium ~e~uistriatum. P1. viii. f. 6.1 Lias ...... I Crimea 138 . amplum. PI. ix. f. 2 ...... 1~ ] 144 Demido.~. P1. ix. f. 3 ...... i / I 144 Cgprina Georgei. PI. ix. f. 8 ...... / - .. 145 navieulata. P1. ix. f. 6 ...... ~ remary ...... Crimea ...... 146 Pallasii. P1. ix. f. 4 ...... | 145 . ? triangulata. P1. ix. f. 9 ...... ) I46 Cyrena media. P1. xiii. f. 5 ...... Wealden ...... Shotover Hill ...... 239 Gervillia Maeeulloehii ...... Lias ...... Skye ...... 32 Polamomga lphigenia. P1. ix. f. 12... Tertiary ...... Crimea ...... 147 Unio Slrieklandi. PI. xiii. f. 3 ...... subtruneatus. P1. xiii. f. 4 ...... Wealden iiiiii Shotover Hill ...... ]I 239 Venus minima. PI. ix. f. 11 ...... Tertiary Crimea ...... ~ 146 - semiplana. P1. ix. f. 5 ...... Tertiary Crimea ...... 146 Vlll

Name of Species. I Formation. 1 Locality. I Page. ....

( Gasteropoda. )

Buccinium angustatum. PI. x. f. 21 . ~ [ (151 moniliforme. PI. x, f. 22 ...... [|151 obesum. P1. x. f. 20 ...... |151 Bulimus Sharmani. PI. x. f, 3 ...... 1148 Cerithium Cattley~e. P1. x. f, 10 ...... }15o cochleare. PI. x. f. 10 ...... - Tertiary. Crimea ...... ~ 150 truncatum. PI. x. f, 11 ...... 150 I 148 HelixCyclostoma Bestii. reticulatum. P1. x, f. 2 ...... P1. x. f. 6 .. Wealden ...... 148 Duboisii. P1. x. f. 1 ...... 147 Littorina Monastica. PI, x. f. 9 ...... 150 Paludina ? PL xiii. f, 8 ...... Shomver Hill ...... 240 ? subangulata. P1. xiii. f. 7 ...... Wealden ...... [ Shotover Hill ...... 239 Sussexiensis. P1. xiii. f. 6 ...... Wealden ...... I Shotover Hill ...... 239 Planorbis cornucopia. P1. x. f. 4 ... Tertiary ...... I Crimea ...... 148 obesus. PI. x. f. 5 ...... Tertiary ...... I Crimea ...... 148 Pteurotoma Chersonesus. PI. x. f. 10 Tertiary ...... [ Crimea ...... 151 laqueata. P1. x. f. 18 ...... Tertiary ...... I Crimea ...... 151 Scottica ...... Lias ...... Skye ...... 29 Tornatella inflexa. P1. x. f. 8 ...... {147 minuta. P1. x. f. 7 ...... 1 Trochus/lndersoni. PI. x. L 14 ...... | 149 -- Lygonii. P1. x. f. 17 ...... ~ Tertiary ..... o Crimea ...... 1t147180 Murchisoni. P1. x. f. 13 ...... | 1,19 pulehellus. P1. x. L 15 ...... 149

-- Sutherlandii. P1. x. f. 16 ...... ~J i 150 (Cephalopoda.) /lscoceras Barrandii. Pl. xii. f. 7 ... Silurian ...... [ Ludlow ...... I 180 Bactrites. Pl. xii. f, 6 ...... Devonian ...... j Rhine ...... I 179 Gonioceras anceps. P1. xii. f. 5 ...... Lower Silurian I ""1 178 Nautiloceras paradoxicum. Pl. xii. f. 4 ~,, CarboniferouSLimestone.I/Ireland ...... 178

Tretoceras bisiphonatum. Pl.xii.f. !-3 Silurian ...... [ Llandovery ...... 179

PISCES. (4.)

Cephalaspis Lyellii. Pl. xiv ...... Oldstone.RedSand- I| Herefordshire ... 270

Pala~oniscus catopterus. PI. xi. f, 4... Permian ...... / Roan ltill, Tyrone] 165

. superstes. P1. xi. f. 1-3 ...... I Trias ...... [ Warwickshire ... 164 Pteraspis Banksii. Pl. xv ...... I Passage-beds.| Herefordshire ... 274

REPTILIA, (2.)

Iguanodon ; femur ...... I Wealden ...... I Isle of Wight ...... [ 175 ~; hind-foot ...... Wealden ...... Isle of Wight ...... 174 PlesiosaurusEtheridgii ...... Lias ...... Somersetshire ... 281 MAMMALIA. (2.) Nototherimn Mitchelli (Zygomaturus Tertiary ...... Australia ...... I 491 trilobus), t Pliolophus vulpiceps, PI. ii. iii .....iv 'LondonClay...i Harwieh ...... , 53 EXPLANATI()N OF THE PLATE,~.

PLATE I.--GEOLOGICAL MAP AND SECTIONS OF TIIE LIASSIC~)ISTRICT OF STEATtl, ISLE OF SKYE, to illustrate Mr. Geikie's paper on the Geology of Strath ...... to face p. 23

~. R.EMAINS OF PLIOLOPnU8 VULPICEPS, tO illustrate Professor Owen's 71 paper on that Animal ...... 4. 5.---FOSSIL t)I,:kNTS FROM CA[TIINESSAND ORKNEY, to illustrate Mr. J. W. Salter's paper on those Plant-remains ...... 77 6.--COMPARATIVE SECTIONS OF TIIE OOLITE Ah'D LIAS, to illustrate Prof. Plfillips's paper on some Comparative Sections in the Oolitic and Iron-sandstone Series of Yorkshire ...... 84 7. ---SECTION rRO~I BmDLIP TO SWI~DO.~, to illustrate Prof. J. Buckman's paper on the Oolitic rocks of Oloucestershire and North Wilts 98 8.--JuRAssIc AN]) CRETACEOUSFOSSILS FROM TIIE CRIMEA~ and ,0 ~ 10.--TERTIARY FOSSILS FROM THE CRIM]~A, tO illustrate Mr. W. H. Baily's descriptions of Fossil Invertebrata from the Crimea ...... 133 1 ] .--PAL.EONISCUS SUPERSTES AND P. CATOPTERUS,to illustrate Sir P. Eger- tOn's Palichthyologie Notes No. 10 ...... 167 12.--Fossil CEPIIALOPODS, tO illustrate ~Ir. Salter's paper on a new genus of Cephalopoda, TretO~eras; and on the occurrence of the genus Ascoeeras in Britain ...... 180 13.--SEcTIoNs AND FOSSILS OP SI:IOTOVERHEAL, tO illustrate Prof. Phil- lips's paper on the Estuary Sands in the upper part of Shotover Hill ...... 241

14. mICROSCOPICAL~ONE-STRUCTURE OF CEPHALASPISAND PTERASPIS~ to J illustrate Prof. T. H. Huxley's paper on those fossils ...... 280 16.~

17. STRUCTUREOF CRYSTALS, to illustrate Mr. Sorby's paper on the Mi- 1 500 18.| croscopieal Structure of Crystals ...... f 19. J