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Verzeichnis Familiärerverbindungen Senatorischer Amtsträger
anhang 5 Verzeichnis familiärer Verbindungen senatorischer Amtsträger Folgende Mitglieder der im 3. Jh. fassbaren und politisch aktiven gentes aus dem Sena- torenstand hatten im Laufe des Untersuchungszeitraums Ämter im Staatsdienst inne; aufgelistet wurden dabei jene Familien, bei denen mindestens zwei Angehörige als Funktionsträger im Staatsdienst bezeugt sind: – Acilii: M.’ Acilius Aviola (Nr. 1) – Acilius Clarus (Nr. 2) – M(’?). Acilius Glabrio (Nr. 3). – Attii: (P.?) Attius Rufinus (Nr. 40) – (P.?) Attius Ulpius Apuleius Clementinus Rufi- nus (Metillianus?) (Nr. 41). – Caelii: D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (Nr. 60) – Caelius Severus signo Thoracius (Nr. 63). – Caesonii: C. Caesonius Macer Rufinianus (PIR2 C 210) – L. Caesonius Lucillus Macer Rufinianus (Nr. 64) – L. Caesonius Ovinius Manlius Rufinianus Bassus (Nr. 65). – Catii: L. Catius Celer (Nr. 70) – Sex. Catius Clementinus Priscillianus (Nr. 71) – Catius Clemens. – Ceionii: Ceionius Rufius Volusianus (Nr. 72) – Ceionius Varus (Nr. 73) – C. Ceionius Rufius Albinus (PLRE I, 37, Albinus 14). – Cervonii: C. Cervonius Papus (Nr. 74) – [---]s Cervonius (PIR2 C 683) – Cervonius (PLRE I, 199, Cervonius). – Claudii Acilii: Cl(audius) Acilius Cleobulus (Nr. 75) – [Cl.?] Acilius Cleobulus (Nr. 76). – Claudii: Claudius Illyrius (Nr. 84) – Claudius Leonticus signo Illyrius (Nr. 85) – Clau- dius Sollemnius Pacatianus (Nr. 91) – Ti. Claudius Marinus Pacatianus (Nr. 86). – Clodii Pupieni: M. Claudius Pupienus Maximus (Nr. 97) – T. Clodius Pupienus Pul- cher Maximus (Nr. 98) – M. (Clodius) Pupienus Africanus Maximus (Nr. 241). – Cocceii: M. Cocceius Anicius Faustus Flavianus (Nr. 100) – Sex. Cocceius Anicius Faustus Paulinus (Nr. 101). – Cosinii: P. Cosinius Felix (Nr. 104) – Cosinius Marcianus (Nr. 105). – Egantii: (Q.?) Egnatius Dexter (Maximus?) (Nr. 111) – Egnatius Lucilianus (Nr. 112) – Egnatius Lucillus (Nr. -
The Roman Army in the Third Century Ad Lukas De Blois My Issue In
INTEGRATION OR DISINTEGRATION? THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE THIRD CENTURY A.D. Lukas de Blois My issue in this paper is: what was the main trend within the Roman military forces in the third century ad? Integration, or disintegration into regional entities? This paper is not about cultural integration of ethnic groups in multicultural parts of the Roman Empire, such as the city of Rome, thriving commercial centres, and border regions to which the armies had brought people from various parts of the Empire, and where multicultural military personnel lived together with indigenous groups, craftsmen from different origins, and immigrants from commercially active regions, either in canabae adjacent to castra stativa, or in garrison towns, as in the Eastern parts of the Empire. In variatio upon an issue raised by Frederick Naerebout in another paper published in this volume, I might ask myself in what sense an army, which in the third century ad was progressively composed of ethnically and culturally different units, kept functioning as an integrated entity, or in actual practice disintegrated into rivalling, particularistic regional forces whose actual or potential competition for money and supplies con- stantly threatened peace and stability in the Empire, particularly in times of dangerous external wars, when the need for supplies increased. The discussion should start with Septimius Severus. After his victories over Pescennius Niger, some tribes in northern Mesopotamia, and Albinus in Gaul, Severus had to replenish the ranks of his armies, for example at the Danube frontiers, which had yielded many men to Severus’ field armies and his new praetorian guard. -
A Tale of Two Periods
A tale of two periods Change and continuity in the Roman Empire between 249 and 324 Pictured left: a section of the Naqš-i Rustam, the victory monument of Shapur I of Persia, showing the captured Roman emperor Valerian kneeling before the victorious Sassanid monarch (source: www.bbc.co.uk). Pictured right: a group of statues found on St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice, depicting the members of the first tetrarchy – Diocletian, Maximian, Constantius and Galerius – holding each other and with their hands on their swords, ready to act if necessary (source: www.wikipedia.org). The former image depicts the biggest shame suffered by the empire during the third-century ‘crisis’, while the latter is the most prominent surviving symbol of tetrar- chic ideology. S. L. Vennik Kluut 14 1991 VB Velserbroek S0930156 RMA-thesis Ancient History Supervisor: Dr. F. G. Naerebout Faculty of Humanities University of Leiden Date: 30-05-2014 2 Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Sources ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Historiography ............................................................................................................................... 10 1. Narrative ............................................................................................................................................ 14 From -
The Epitome De Caesaribus and the Thirty Tyrants
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ELTE Digital Institutional Repository (EDIT) THE EPITOME DE CAESARIBUS AND THE THIRTY TYRANTS MÁRK SÓLYOM The Epitome de Caesaribus is a short, summarizing Latin historical work known as a breviarium or epitomé. This brief summary was written in the late 4th or early 5th century and summarizes the history of the Roman Empire from the time of Augustus to the time of Theodosius the Great in 48 chapters. Between chapters 32 and 35, the Epitome tells the story of the Empire under Gallienus, Claudius Gothicus, Quintillus, and Aurelian. This was the most anarchic time of the soldier-emperor era; the imperatores had to face not only the German and Sassanid attacks, but also the economic crisis, the plague and the counter-emperors, as well. The Scriptores Historiae Augustae calls these counter-emperors the “thirty tyrants” and lists 32 usurpers, although there are some fictive imperatores in that list too. The Epitome knows only 9 tyrants, mostly the Gallic and Western usurpers. The goal of my paper is to analyse the Epitome’s chapters about Gallienus’, Claudius Gothicus’ and Aurelian’s counter-emperors with the help of the ancient sources and modern works. The Epitome de Caesaribus is a short, summarizing Latin historical work known as a breviarium or epitomé (ἐπιτομή). During the late Roman Empire, long historical works (for example the books of Livy, Tacitus, Suetonius, Cassius Dio etc.) fell out of favour, as the imperial court preferred to read shorter summaries. Consequently, the genre of abbreviated history became well-recognised.1 The word epitomé comes from the Greek word epitemnein (ἐπιτέμνειν), which means “to cut short”.2 The most famous late antique abbreviated histories are Aurelius Victor’s Liber de Caesaribus (written in the 360s),3 Eutropius’ Breviarium ab Urbe condita4 and Festus’ Breviarium rerum gestarum populi Romani.5 Both Eutropius’ and Festus’ works were created during the reign of Emperor Valens between 364 and 378. -
Roman Coins Elementary Manual
^1 If5*« ^IP _\i * K -- ' t| Wk '^ ^. 1 Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google PROTAT BROTHERS, PRINTBRS, MACON (PRANCi) Digitized by Google ROMAN COINS ELEMENTARY MANUAL COMPILED BY CAV. FRANCESCO gNECCHI VICE-PRBSIDENT OF THE ITALIAN NUMISMATIC SOaETT, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LONDON, BELGIAN AND SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIBTIES. 2"^ EDITION RKVISRD, CORRECTED AND AMPLIFIED Translated by the Rev<> Alfred Watson HANDS MEMBF,R OP THE LONDON NUMISMATIC SOCIETT LONDON SPINK & SON 17 & l8 PICCADILLY W. — I & 2 GRACECHURCH ST. B.C. 1903 (ALL RIGHTS RF^ERVED) Digitized by Google Arc //-/7^. K.^ Digitized by Google ROMAN COINS ELEMENTARY MANUAL AUTHOR S PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION In the month of July 1898 the Rev. A. W. Hands, with whom I had become acquainted through our common interests and stud- ieSy wrote to me asking whether it would be agreeable to me and reasonable to translate and publish in English my little manual of the Roman Coinage, and most kindly offering to assist me, if my knowledge of the English language was not sufficient. Feeling honoured by the request, and happy indeed to give any assistance I could in rendering this science popular in other coun- tries as well as my own, I suggested that it would he probably less trouble ii he would undertake the translation himselt; and it was with much pleasure and thankfulness that I found this proposal was accepted. It happened that the first edition of my Manual was then nearly exhausted, and by waiting a short time I should be able to offer to the English reader the translation of the second edition, which was being rapidly prepared with additions and improvements. -
Integration Or Disintegration? the Roman Army in the Third Century A.D
INTEGRATION OR DISINTEGRATION? THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE THIRD CENTURY A.D. Lukas de Blois My issue in this paper is: what was the main trend within the Roman military forces in the third century ad? Integration, or disintegration into regional entities? This paper is not about cultural integration of ethnic groups in multicultural parts of the Roman Empire, such as the city of Rome, thriving commercial centres, and border regions to which the armies had brought people from various parts of the Empire, and where multicultural military personnel lived together with indigenous groups, craftsmen from different origins, and immigrants from commercially active regions, either in canabae adjacent to castra stativa, or in garrison towns, as in the Eastern parts of the Empire. In variatio upon an issue raised by Frederick Naerebout in another paper published in this volume, I might ask myself in what sense an army, which in the third century ad was progressively composed of ethnically and culturally different units, kept functioning as an integrated entity, or in actual practice disintegrated into rivalling, particularistic regional forces whose actual or potential competition for money and supplies con- stantly threatened peace and stability in the Empire, particularly in times of dangerous external wars, when the need for supplies increased. The discussion should start with Septimius Severus. After his victories over Pescennius Niger, some tribes in northern Mesopotamia, and Albinus in Gaul, Severus had to replenish the ranks of his armies, for example at the Danube frontiers, which had yielded many men to Severus’ field armies and his new praetorian guard. -
A REASSESSMENT of GALLIENUS' REIGN TROY KENDRICK Bachelor
A REASSESSMENT OF GALLIENUS’ REIGN TROY KENDRICK Bachelor of Arts, University of Lethbridge, 2014 A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS History Department University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Troy Kendrick, 2014 Abstract This thesis examines and reassesses the reign of the Roman emperor Gallienus in the mid-third century CE. Specifically, this paper analyses Gallienus’ military and administrative policies, his conception of his emperorship, and the influence his policies had on his successors.Gallienus ruled over the Roman Empire during a period of unprecedented calamities. The misfortunes of the Roman Empire during this period, and the biases against Gallienus in the writings of the ancient Latin authors, left a less-than-favorable impression of Gallienus’ reign. However, a re-evaluation of Gallienus and his policies unveils a remarkably capable emperor, who should be credited with not only saving the Roman Empire from complete collapse, but laying the foundation for the Empire’s recovery in the late third century CE. iii Acknowledgements I would like offer my thanks to committee members David Hay and Kevin McGeough for their assistance and comments regarding my thesis. I would especially like to thank my supervisor, Christopher Epplett, for the invaluable assistance, encouragement, and patience he has extended to me throughout the entire writing process. Finally, I would like to thank my family for -
AAKASH PATEL Contents
History AAKASH PATEL Contents Preface. 1 1. Dawn of Civilization. 2 Mesopotamia . 2 Ancient Egypt . 3 Indus River Valley . 5 2. Ancient Europe . 6 Persian Wars . 6 Greek City-States. 8 Rome: From Romulus to Constantine . 9 3. Asian Dynasties. 23 Ancient India. 23 Chinese Dynasties . 24 Early Korea . 27 4. The Sundering of Europe . 29 The Fall of Rome. 29 Building a Holy Roman Empire . 31 Islamic Caliphates . 33 5. Medieval Times . 35 England: A New Monarchy . 35 France: The Capetians. 42 Germany: Holy Roman Empire. 44 Scandinavia: Kalmar Union. 45 Crusades . 46 Khans & Conquerors . 50 6. African Empires . 53 West Africa . 53 South Africa. 54 7. Renaissance & Reformation. 56 Italian Renaissance . 56 Tudor England . 58 Reformation. 61 Habsburg Empires . 63 French Wars of Religion. 65 Age of Discovery. 66 8. Early Modern Asia . 70 Tsars of Russia . 70 Japan: Rise of the Shogun. 72 Dynastic Korea . 73 Mughals of India. 73 Ottomans of Turkey. 74 9. European Monarchy . 76 Thirty Years' War . 76 Stuart England and the Protectorate . 78 France: Louis, Louis, and Louis . 81 10. Colonies of the New World . 84 Pilgrims and Plymouth . 84 Thirteen American Colonies . 85 Golden Age of Piracy . 88 11. Expansionism in Europe. 89 Ascension of the Romanovs. 89 Rise of Prussia . 91 Seven Years' War . 92 Enlightenment . 93 Hanoverian Succession. 94 12. American Independence . 96 Colonies in the 18th Century . .. -
Unreliable Narration in the Historia Augusta*
libellus non tam diserte quam fideliter scriptus? Unreliable Narration in the Historia Augusta* DENNIS PAUSCH Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen I. Introduction “Ask an historian to explain something and they will usually tell you a sto- ry.”1 The general observation behind Geoffrey Roberts’ pointed comment – that every historian, if he wants to communicate historical knowledge beyond mere facts, necessarily depends on narrative means – has stimulated the intense discussion of the so-called ‘linguistic turn’ in the last decades. This paper focuses on the special case of an author, who at first glance presents and explains his story in the traditional mode of historiography – or more precisely of imperial biography –, who at the second sight, however, apparently tells his story in such a way, that the reader is not able to believe in his reports or his explanations. This applies to the so-called Historia Augusta, a collection of the lives of the Roman emperors from Hadrianus to Carinus, whose author retains his self-imposed anonymity to this day.2 Despite this anonymity, a distinctive personality pervades the work, which Syme described as a ‘rogue scholar’, who aims not so much at communicating a fixed interpretation of events, but at entertaining his readers with his version of Roman history of the last cen- ————— * I would like to thank my colleagues in Gießen, especially Vera Binder, Helmut Krasser and Peter von Möllendorff, for their various support during the development of this ar- gument as well as the anonymous referees for their criticism of the first version, which forced me to rethink and specify my thesis. -
The Scriptores Historiae Augustae with an English Translation
ffl I i I I 1 I I I I i 1 I 1 VOI M I 1 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I I I 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 I i i Translated i by 1 i DAVID MAGIE 1 1 i i 1 i 1 I or Historia The Scriptores HistoriaeAugustae, of Augusta, is a collection of biographies Roman emperors, heirs, and claimants from Hadrian to Numerianus (AD 117 2 84). The work, which is modelled on Sue- tonius, purports to be written by six dif- ferent authors and quotes documents and public records extensively. Since we pos- sess no continuous account of the emper- ors of the second and third centuries, the Historia Augusta has naturally attracted keen attention. In the last century it has also generated the grayest suspicions. Present opinion holds that the whole is the a ( lived in the work of single author who time of Theodosius) and contains much that is plagiarism and even downright forgerv. O J The Loeb Classical Library edition of the Historia Augusta is in three volumes. NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH LIBRARIES August t.nii 99023 3 3333 13099 9598 vol .3 MM The New^brk Public Library Aster. Lenox and Tilden Foundations The Branch Libraries MID-MANHATTAN LIBRARY MM 455 Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016 H5 Books and non-print media may be returned to any branch of The New York Public Library. Music scores, orchestral sets and certain materials must be returned to branch from which borrowed. All materials must be returned by the last date stamped on the card. -
Odaenathus' Titulature and the Use of the Imperium Maius
DAVID POTTER PALMYRA AND ROME: ODAENATHUS’ TITULATURE AND THE USE OF THE IMPERIUM MAIUS aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 113 (1996) 271–285 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 271 PALMYRA AND ROME: ODAENATHUS' TITULATURE AND THE USE OF THE IMPERIUM MAIUS The year 260 AD was not a good one for P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus. Sometime in the early sum- mer, Sapor I of Persia captured his father, and co-emperor, in a battle outside of Edessa. Sapor went on to ravage considerable portions of Cilicia and Cappadocia before his over-extended forces were attacked by the remnants of the Roman army under the command of officers named Callistus and Macrianus. Sapor was further humiliated when Odaenathus, lord of Palmyra, attacked him as he was drawing his forces back towards his own country. These victories did little to help Gallienus, who also lost a son in a revolt that broke out on the Rhine shortly after the capture of his father. Macrianus celebrated his vic- tory by proclaiming his own two sons emperor, and he appears to have been assisted in this by both Cal- listus and Odaenathus. Two years later Macrianus and one of his sons took an army into the Balkans to wrest the throne from Gallienus. They failed in the attempt and Odaenathus, who appears to have been a person of con- siderable political acumen, decided to attack their surviving supporters at Emesa. At this point we are told that Gallienus made Odaenathus !trathgÒ! of the whole east, and the contemporary author of an oracular text observes: êrjei ÑRvma¤vn, P°r!ai d' ¶!!ont' élapadno¤.1 The issue is of Odaenathus' position after 262 is of importance for several reasons. -
9789004211926 Webready Con
Power and Status in the Roman Empire, ad 193–284 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire géza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 12 Power and Status in the Roman Empire, ad 193–284 By Inge Mennen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mennen, Inge. Power and status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 / by Inge Mennen. p. cm. – (Impact of empire, ISSN 1572-0500 ; v. 12) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20359-4 (hbk. : acid-free paper) 1. Rome–Politics and government–30 B.C.-284 A.D. 2. Rome–Social conditions. 3. Rome–History–Empire, 30 B.C.-284 A.D. 4. Power (Social sciences)–Rome–History. 5. Rome–Officials and employees–Selection and appointment–History. 6. Social classes–Rome–History. 7. Social status–Rome–History. 8. Imperialism–Social aspects–Rome–History.