DOCSLIB.ORG

Exudate Flavonoids in Some Gnaphalieae and Inuleae (Asteraceae) Eckhard Wollenwebera,*, Matthias Christa, R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exudate Flavonoids in Some Gnaphalieae and Inuleae (Asteraceae) Eckhard Wollenwebera,*, Matthias Christa, R Exudate Flavonoids in Some Gnaphalieae and Inuleae (Asteraceae) Eckhard Wollenwebera,*, Matthias Christa, R. Hugh Dunstanb, James N. Roitmanc, and Jan F. Stevensd a Institut für Botanik der TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Fax: 0049-6151/164630. E-mail: [email protected] b School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia c Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A. d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 203 Pharmacy Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A. * Author for correspondance and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 60c, 671Ð678 (2005); received May 19, 2005 Three members of the tribe Gnaphalieae and six members of the tribe Inuleae (Astera- ceae) were analyzed for their exudate flavonoids. Whereas some species exhibit rather trivial flavonoids, others produce rare compounds. Spectral data of rare flavonoids are reported and their structural identification is discussed. 6-Oxygenation of flavonols is a common feature of two Inula species and Pulicaria sicula. By contrast, flavonoids with 8-oxygenation, but lacking 6-oxygenation, are common in two out of three Gnaphalieae species examined. In addition, B-ring deoxyflavonoids are abundantly present in the leaf exudates of Helichrysum italicum (Gnaphalieae). These distinctive features of the two Asteraceae tribes are in agreement with previous flavonoid surveys of these and related taxa. Key words: Gnaphalieae, Inuleae, Flavonoids Introduction in the flowering stage between October 1997 and Plants belonging to the sunflower family are August 2004. Inula britannica L. was collected in well-known to produce a wealth of flavonoid agly- August 2000 on the bank of the river Elbe near cones (Bohm and Stuessy, 2001). These are nor- Arneburg (Sachsen-Anhalt) by H. Groh. Vou- mally dissolved in a terpenoid resin that is chers were deposited in the herbarium of the Bo- excreted by glandular structures on their aerial tanic Garden of the TU Darmstadt. parts. In the course of ongoing studies on the oc- currence of exudate flavonoids in Asteraceae (see Extraction and isolation e.g. Wollenweber et al., 1997a, b; Valant-Vetschera et al., 2003), we have now analyzed three members Aerial parts of freshly collected flowering plants of the tribe Gnaphalieae and six members of the were briefly rinsed with acetone to dissolve the tribe Inuleae (Bremer, 1994). The exudate flavo- exudate material. The solutions were evaporated noid patterns of these plants are presented as fol- to dryness, re-dissolved in a small volume of hot lows. MeOH, cooled to Ð 10 ∞C, and any precipitated material was separated by centrifugation. The so- Materials and Methods lutions were then passed over Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia), and eluted with MeOH, to separate Plant material the flavonoids from the predominant terpenoids. Asteriscus aquaticus (L.) Less. [syn.: Nauplius At this point, many flavonoids were readily and aquaticus (L.) Cass.], Helichrysum italicum (Roth) unambiguously identified by direct comparison Don., Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench, Helip- with markers. In several cases, however, further terum strictum (Lindl.) Benth., Inula conyzae workup of flavonoid fractions was required, as (Griess.) Meikle, Inula spiraeifolia L., Pulicaria si- well as further purification to isolate individual cula (L.) Moris, and Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) compounds. Relevant fractions were chromato- Baumg. were cultivated in the Botanic Garden of graphed over silica gel, polyamide SC-6 or ace- the Technical University Darmstadt and collected tylated polyamide (Macherey-Nagel), eluted with 0939Ð5075/2005/0900Ð0671 $ 06.00 ” 2005 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen · http://www.znaturforsch.com · D 672 E. Wollenweber et al. · Exudate Flavonoids in Gnaphalieae and Inuleae toluene and increasing quantities of methylethyl MS/MS spectra were recorded on a PE Sciex API ketone and methanol. Fractions were monitored III Plus triple quadrupole instrument as described and comparisons with markers were achieved by in Stevens et al. (1999). TLC on polyamide (DC 11, Macherey-Nagel) with In the following we report spectral data for the solvents i) PE100Ð140/toluene/MeCOEt/MeOH those flavonoids that could not be readily iden- 12:6:1:1 v/v/v/v, ii) toluene/PE100Ð140/MeCOEt/ tified by co-TLC with authentic markers. MeOH 12:6:2:1 v/v/v/v, iii) toluene/dioxane/MeOH 5,7-Dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone (1): APCI- 8:1:1 v/v/v, and iv) toluene/MeCOEt/MeOH 12:5:3 MS/MS (30 eV collision energy): m/z = 315 [MH]+, + + + v/v/v, and on silica gel with solvents v) toluene/ 300 [MH-CH3] , 285 [MH-2CH3] , 257 [285-CO] , MeCOEt 9:1 v/v and vi) toluene/dioxane/HOAc 105 [O ϵC-Ph]+. Ð 1H NMR: Table I. Ð The sub- 18:5:1 v/v/v. Chromatograms were viewed under stitution pattern of the A-ring was established by UV light (366 nm) before and after spraying with 1HÐ13C HMBC correlation as follows: The 5-OH δ “Naturstoffreagenz A” (1% of diphenyl-boric acid resonance at H 12.3 showed cross peaks with car- δ 2-aminoethyl ester in MeOH). In some cases, bon signals at C 155.0, 104.3 and 99.0, which were crude flavonoid materials were further purified to readily assigned to C-5, C-10 and C-6, respectively. homogeneity by semi-preparative HPLC as de- H-6 interacted with C-6 (1J coupling), C-10, C-8, scribed in Stevens et al. (1999). Authentic samples C-9, C-5 and the remaining A-ring carbon atom, δ of flavonoids were available in E.W.’s laboratory. C-7 ( C 156.0). The two methoxy groups showed δ Isolated flavonoids were characterized by UV- interactions with C-8 and C 138.8 (not C-7). The VIS, MS and NMR spectra. GC-MS was applied latter resonance could only be assigned to C-3, and to analyze mixtures of exudate flavonoids from confirms a C-3 methoxyl group. Thus, the two me- Pulicaria sicula. thoxy groups were placed at C-8 and C-3 and the two free hydroxyl groups assigned to C-5 and C-7. NMR and MS The compound was found to be 8-hydroxygalan- gin-3,8-di-O-methyl ether (gnaphalin), identical 1 13 Some H and C NMR spectra were recorded in with an authentic sample from Nothofagus (Wol- DMSO-d6 on a Bruker DRX 600 spectrometer at lenweber et al., 2003). 600 MHz and 150 MHz, respectively. 1HÐ13C he- 6-Hydroxykaempferol-3,7,4Ј-tri-O-methyl ether λ teronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) (2): UV: max (MeOH) = 336, 282; (+ AlCl3)= spectra were recorded on this instrument using 362, 298; (+ AlCl3/HCl) = 366, 298; (+ NaOH) = standard pulse sequences. 1H and 13C NMR 296 nm. Ð MS: m/z = 344 (100, M+), 329 (3, + + spectra of a flavonoid from Inula conyzae were M -CH3), 325 (17), 314 (M -2CH3), 301 (23), 295 1 recorded in DMSO-d6 on a Bruker AMX 400 (24), 283 (6), 258 (10), 158, (8), 135 (14). Ð H spectrometer at 100 MHz and 400 MHz, respec- NMR: Table I. Ð 13C NMR: Table II. Ð The iden- tively. Electron impact mass spectra were obtained tity of this product was confirmed by direct com- on a Varian MAT 212 Spectrometer at 70 eV. At- parison with a synthetic sample of 5,6-dihydroxy- mospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) 3,7,4Ј-trimethoxyflavone (Horie et al., 1989). 1 Table I. H NMR spectroscopic data for compounds 1Ð4, recorded in DMSO-d6 at 400 MHz (compound 2)or 600 MHz (compounds 1, 3, 4). H Compound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3 Compound 4 5-OH 12.3, s 12.27, s 12.1, s 12.3, s 3-OH 9.9, s 3-OH and 4Ј-OH 10.2, s and 9.6, s 6 6.31, s 8 6.89, s 2Ј and 6Ј 8.03,dd, J = 7.9, 8.06, d, J = 9.2 Hz 8.18, d, J = 7.7 Hz 8.08, d, J = 8.9 Hz 1.6 Hz 3Ј and 5Ј 7.14, d, J = 9.2 Hz 6.97, d, J = 8.9 Hz 3Ј,4Ј and 5Ј 7.63Ð7.58, m 7.60Ð7.51, m 3 ¥ OMe 3.91, s, 3.87, s, 4.03, s, 3.91, s, 4.02, s, 3.90, s, 3.81, s 3.83, s 3.83, s 2 ¥ OMe 3.81, s E. Wollenweber et al. · Exudate Flavonoids in Gnaphalieae and Inuleae 673 Table II. 13C NMR spectroscopic data for flavonols 5,7- ble only in boiling acetic acid, was subjected to dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone (1) and 6-hydroxy- GC-MS analysis. kaempferol-3,7,4Ј-tri-O-methyl ether (2), recorded in An aliquot of the flavone extract sample was DMSO-d6 at 100 MHz (compound 2) or 150 MHz (com- pound 1). transferred to a glass derivatisation tube, dried, and derivatized by first adding 100 mL 2% (w/v) C 12of methoxyamine hydrochloride in pyridine 2 157.3 155.2 (MOX) followed by heating at 60 ∞C for 30 min. 3 138.8 137.8 Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoro-acetamide (BSTFA, 4 178.3 178.1 150 µL) was then added and the sample was 5 155.0 145.7 heated at 100 ∞C for additional 60 min to form the 6 99.0 129.6 7 156.0 154.5 trimethylsilyl ether derivative (TMS) (Dunstan 8 127.6 90.9 et al., 1990). Samples were then transferred into 9 148.8 148.8 injection vials fitted with 100 µL inserts for analy- 10 104.3 105.6 sis by GC-MS. 1Ј 131.1 122.3 2Ј 128.0 129.9 Derivatized sample components were separated 3Ј 128.9 114.2 using a Hewlett Packard 6890 series gas chromato- 4Ј 130.2 161.3 graph and detected using a Hewlett Packard series Ј 5 128.9 114.2 5973 mass selective detector (MSD).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy
    nutrients Review The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy 1, 1, 2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4, Ana L. Matos y, Diogo F. Bruno y, António F. Ambrósio and Paulo F. Santos * 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] (A.L.M.); [email protected] (D.F.B.) 2 Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; [email protected] 3 Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal 4 Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal 5 Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-239-240-762 These authors contributed equally to the work. y Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 13 October 2020; Published: 16 October 2020 Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosemary)-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Tentative Amended Report for Public Comment Release Date: March 28, 2014 Panel Meeting Date: June 9-10, 2014 All interested persons are provided 60 days from the above release date to comment on this safety assessment and to identify additional published data that should be included or provide unpublished data which can be made public and included. Information may be submitted without identifying the source or the trade name of the cosmetic product containing the ingredient. All unpublished data submitted to CIR will be discussed in open meetings, will be available at the CIR office for review by any interested party and may be cited in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Please submit data, comments, or requests to the CIR Director, Dr. Lillian J. Gill. The 2014 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chairman, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, D.P.A. This safety assessment was prepared by Monice M. Fiume, Assistant Director/Senior Scientific Analyst. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200♢ Washington, DC 20036 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 ♢ [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Morocco
    Research Collection Journal Article Flower associations and nesting of the pollen wasp Quartinia major Kohl, 1898 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Morocco Author(s): Mauss, Volker; Müller, Andreas; Prosi, Rainer Publication Date: 2018 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000249947 Originally published in: Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62, http://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.22879 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library JHR 62: 15–31Flower (2018) associations and nesting of the pollen wasp Quartinia major Kohl, 1898... 15 doi: 10.3897/jhr.62.22879 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Flower associations and nesting of the pollen wasp Quartinia major Kohl, 1898 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Morocco Volker Mauss1, Andreas Müller2, Rainer Prosi3 1 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Abt. Entomologie, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany 2 ETH Zürich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Biocommunication and Entomology, Schmelzbergstraße 9/LFO, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland 3 Lerchenstraße 81, D-74564 Crailsheim, Germany Corresponding author: Volker Mauss ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Neff | Received 9 December 2017 | Accepted 4 January 2018 | Published 26 February 2018 http://zoobank.org/426192A5-7E3A-46CD-9CDF-48A8FBD63AC5 Citation: Mauss V, Müller A, Prosi R (2018) Flower associations and nesting of the pollen wasp Quartinia major Kohl, 1898 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae) in Morocco. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62: 15–31. https://doi. org/10.3897/jhr.62.22879 Abstract Females of Quartinia major Kohl were observed to visit flowers of Pulicaria mauritanica Batt., Cladanthus arabicus (L.) Cass.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition Supplement II December 2014
    The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition Supplement II December 2014 In the pages that follow are treatments that have been revised since the publication of the Jepson eFlora, Revision 1 (July 2013). The information in these revisions is intended to supersede that in the second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012). The revised treatments, as well as errata and other small changes not noted here, are included in the Jepson eFlora (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). For a list of errata and small changes in treatments that are not included here, please see: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/JM12_errata.html Citation for the entire Jepson eFlora: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year] Citation for an individual treatment in this supplement: [Author of taxon treatment] 2014. [Taxon name], Revision 2, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year]. Copyright © 2014 Regents of the University of California Supplement II, Page 1 Summary of changes made in Revision 2 of the Jepson eFlora, December 2014 PTERIDACEAE *Pteridaceae key to genera: All of the CA members of Cheilanthes transferred to Myriopteris *Cheilanthes: Cheilanthes clevelandii D. C. Eaton changed to Myriopteris clevelandii (D. C. Eaton) Grusz & Windham, as native Cheilanthes cooperae D. C. Eaton changed to Myriopteris cooperae (D. C. Eaton) Grusz & Windham, as native Cheilanthes covillei Maxon changed to Myriopteris covillei (Maxon) Á. Löve & D. Löve, as native Cheilanthes feei T. Moore changed to Myriopteris gracilis Fée, as native Cheilanthes gracillima D.
    [Show full text]
  • Sideritis Clandestina (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek; Sideritis Raeseri Boiss
    2 February 2016 EMA/HMPC/39455/2015 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Sideritis scardica Griseb.; Sideritis clandestina (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek; Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr.; Sideritis syriaca L., herba Final Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Herbal substances (binomial scientific name of Sideritis scardica Griseb.; Sideritis clandestina the plant, including plant part) (Bory & Chaub.) Hayek; Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr.; Sideritis syriaca L., herba Herbal preparation Comminuted herbal substance Pharmaceutical form Comminuted herbal substance as herbal tea for oral use Rapporteur I. Chinou Peer-reviewer B. Kroes 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2016. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof .. 4 1.2. Search and assessment methodology ..................................................................... 8 2. Data on
    [Show full text]
  • Shilin Yang Doctor of Philosophy
    PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. THESIS Presented by SHILIN YANG For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON BRUNSWICK SQUARE, LONDON WC1N 1AX ProQuest Number: U063742 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest U063742 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Professor J.D. Phillipson and Dr. M.J.O’Neill for their supervision throughout the course of studies. I would especially like to thank Dr. M.F.Roberts for her great help. I like to thank Dr. K.C.S.C.Liu and B.C.Homeyer for their great help. My sincere thanks to Mrs.J.B.Hallsworth for her help. I am very grateful to the staff of the MS Spectroscopy Unit and NMR Unit of the School of Pharmacy, and the staff of the NMR Unit, King’s College, University of London, for running the MS and NMR spectra.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; Their History and Applications
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 154 (2014) 481–536 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications Alexander N. Shikov a,n, Olga N. Pozharitskaya a, Valery G. Makarov a, Hildebert Wagner b, Rob Verpoorte c, Michael Heinrich d a St-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Kuz'molovskiy town, build 245, Vsevolozhskiy distr., Leningrad reg., 188663 Russia b Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, D - 81377 Munich, Germany c Natural Products Laboratory, IBL, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, Sylviusweg 72 d Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Due to the location of Russia between West and East, Russian Received 22 January 2014 phytotherapy has accumulated and adopted approaches that originated in European and Asian Received in revised form traditional medicine. Phytotherapy is an official and separate branch of medicine in Russia; thus, herbal 31 March 2014 medicinal preparations are considered official medicaments. The aim of the present review is to Accepted 4 April 2014 summarize and critically appraise data concerning plants used in Russian medicine. This review Available online 15 April 2014 describes the history of herbal medicine in Russia, the current situation
    [Show full text]
  • Listado De Todas Las Plantas Que Tengo Fotografiadas Ordenado Por Familias Según El Sistema APG III (Última Actualización: 2 De Septiembre De 2021)
    Listado de todas las plantas que tengo fotografiadas ordenado por familias según el sistema APG III (última actualización: 2 de Septiembre de 2021) GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA Acanthus hungaricus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Metarungia longistrobus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus mollis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema callistachyum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus spinosus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema cuspidatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra flava Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema tubaeforme Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra sinclairiana Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys lutea Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra squarrosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys spicata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Peristrophe speciosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Phaulopsis pulchella Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria obtusa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Rubrum’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria repens Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia lamium Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia owariensis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia ulugurica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum ‘Purple Dazzler’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Crossandra infundibuliformis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Ruellia
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 910.98 K
    10 Egypt. J. Bot. Vol. 59, No.1, pp. 107 - 138 (2019) Computer-generated Keys to the Flora of Egypt. 9. The Spiny Taxa of Asteraceae Adel El-Gazzar(1)#, Nahed El-Husseini(2), Azza A. Khafagi(3), Nashua A.M. Mostafa(1) (1)Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, El-Arish University, N. Sinai, Egypt; (2)The Herbarium, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; (3)Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt. ANUALLY constructed keys for identification of plants leave much to be desired. Keys Mto the Asteraceae of Egypt are no exception and depend largely on floral minutiae while vegetative morphology is a much richer source of characters suitable for key construction. Inspection of some 3000 specimens showed that the most obvious feature of the plants is the presence or absence of spines on leaves, leaf axils, stem internodes, margins of stem wings and phyllaries. This feature was selected to divide species of this family into two main groups: spiny and spineless. Nomenclature of all taxa was updated and those with names reduced to synonyms of others were eliminated. This article deals only with the 65 species belonging to 20 genera of the first group. A total of 51 characters describing variation in spine distribution and other characters of vegetative morphology were recorded for each of the 65 spiny species and the key-generating program DELTA was applied to the data matrix. The result is a much improved automated key, a detailed description of every species in terms of the entire set of 51 characters, and the same description but in terms of the serial numbers assigned to these characters and their states.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnobotanical Analysis on Wild Edible Plants of the Turkish Asteraceae Taxa
    ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER | 17 An Ethnobotanical Analysis on Wild Edible Plants of the Turkish Asteraceae Taxa İsmail ŞENKARDEŞ (✉) Gizem BULUT Ahmet DOĞAN Ertan TUZLACI Summary Asteraceae (Compositae) is one of the biggest families in the Flora of Turkey as in the World. Also, it is one of the most important families in which many popular plants are used as food and recreational tea in Turkey. The aim of this study is to make an ethnobotanical analysis on the wild edible plants of the Asteraceae family in Turkey, according to our investigations and scientific literature records. This study is based on local ethnobotanical investigations. The information about the plants was obtained from the local people through open and semi-structured interviews. In the light of our investigations and the literature records, 43 genera (including 121 taxa) of Asteraceae (used for food, tea and other purposes) were determined. Among them, Scorzonera, Tragopogon, Cirsium, Centaurea, Onopordum, Taraxacum, Echinops, Achillea, Anthemis and Carduus are the most popular genera in the localities of Turkey. Key words Asteraceae, ethnobotany, wild edible plants Turkey Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey ✉ Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: May 18, 2018 | Accepted: November 22, 2019 aCS Agric. conspec. sci. Vol. 84 (2019) No. 1 (17-28) 18 | İsmail ŞENKARDEŞ, Gizem BULUT, Ahmet DOĞAN, Ertan TUZLACI Introduction (Tuzlacı, 2011b). Further, 43 scientific investigations conducted from year 1994 to 2017, were reviewed (as referred above). Wild plants are an important component of people’s daily life around the World, because of their widespread use and cultural Scientific names of the plants were given according to Davis importance.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Values and to Identify New Values
    FLORISTIC VALUES OF THE TASMANIAN WILDERNESS WORLD HERITAGE AREA J. Balmer, J. Whinam, J. Kelman, J.B. Kirkpatrick & E. Lazarus Nature Conservation Branch Report October 2004 This report was prepared under the direction of the Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment (World Heritage Area Vegetation Program). Commonwealth Government funds were contributed to the project through the World Heritage Area program. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment or those of the Department of the Environment and Heritage. ISSN 1441–0680 Copyright 2003 Crown in right of State of Tasmania Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any means without permission from the Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. Published by Nature Conservation Branch Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment GPO Box 44 Hobart Tasmania, 7001 Front Cover Photograph: Alpine bolster heath (1050 metres) at Mt Anne. Stunted Nothofagus cunninghamii is shrouded in mist with Richea pandanifolia scattered throughout and Astelia alpina in the foreground. Photograph taken by Grant Dixon Back Cover Photograph: Nothofagus gunnii leaf with fossil imprint in deposits dating from 35-40 million years ago: Photograph taken by Greg Jordan Cite as: Balmer J., Whinam J., Kelman J., Kirkpatrick J.B. & Lazarus E. (2004) A review of the floristic values of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Nature Conservation Report 2004/3. Department of Primary Industries Water and Environment, Tasmania, Australia T ABLE OF C ONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................................1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • (Compositae-Inuleae) in Pakistan and Kashmir
    Genus Inula L. (s. str.) (Compositae-Inuleae) in Pakistan and Kashmir RUBINA ABID & MOHAMMAD QAISER ABSTRACT ABID, R. & M. QAISER (2002). Genus Inula L. (s. str.) (Compositae-Inuleae) in Pakistan and Kashmir. Candollea 56: 315-325. In English, English and French abstracts. A revision of the genus Inula L. ( s. str .) in Pakistan and Kashmir is presented; eleven species are recognized including Inula stewartii Abid & Qaiser as a species new to science. In addition, key to the related genera and species, distribution, ecological notes and an illustration of the new spe - cies, are also provided. RÉSUMÉ ABID, R. & M. QAISER (2002). Le genre Inula L. (s. str.) (Compositae-Inuleae) au Pakistan et au Cachemire. Candollea 56: 315-325. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. Une révision du genre Inula L. ( s. str. ) est présentée. Onze espèces sont reconnues dont Inula ste - wartii Abid & Qaiser, espèce nouvelle pour la science. Une clé de détermination des genres affines et des espèces reconnues est fournie, ainsi que la distribution, des commentaires écologiques et une illustration de la nouvelle espèce. KEY-WORDS: Inula – COMPOSITAE – Pakistan – Kashmir. Introduction The genus Inula L. ( s. str. ) belongs to the tribe Inuleae of the family Compositae including about 100 species, mainly distributed in Europe, Africa and Asia. The genus Inula was described by LINNAEUS with thirteen species (1753, 1754). The pro - tologue used by LINNAEUS was quite generalized as he did not give the weightage to the finer details of floral characters. Later on, this genus was treated by variuos workers from time to time (viz., CANDOLLE, 1836; BENTHAM & HOOKER, 1873; BOISSIER, 1875; CLARKE, 1876; HOOKER, 1881; BECK, 1882; HOFFMANN, 1890; GORSCHKOVA, 1959; KITAMURA, 1960; GRIERSON, 1975; BALL & TUTIN, 1976; RECHINGER, 1980; ANDERBERG, 1991; KUMAR, 1995).
    [Show full text]