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Is Available As PDF File for Download The Os++ User’s Manual THOMAS RICHTER Copyright c 2013-2020 by Thomas Richter. This publication is freely distributable under the same conditions as the Atari++ emulator. See the License conditions therein for further information. ii The Os++ User’s Manual Contents 1 Overview on the Second Edition 1 2 Overview on Os++ 1 3 Booting Os++ 3 4 The Editor Handler 3 4.1 Information for BASIC Users . 3 4.2 Information for Advanced Users . 4 5 The Screen Handler 4 5.1 Information for BASIC Users . 4 5.2 Information for Advanced Users . 5 6 The Keyboard Handler 5 6.1 Information for BASIC Users . 5 6.2 Information for Advanced Users . 6 7 The Printer Handler 6 7.1 Information for BASIC Users . 6 7.2 Information to Advanced Users . 7 8 The Disk Handler 7 8.1 Features of FMS++ . 7 8.2 Booting from FMS++ . 8 8.3 Booting for BASIC . 8 8.4 Advanced Information on the Boot Process . 8 8.5 Loading and Saving Programs from BASIC . 9 8.6 File Operations in BASIC . 9 8.7 Advanced Modes for Open . 10 8.8 Advanced Information on the Open Modes . 11 8.9 Wild Carts in File Names . 12 8.10 Advanced Information on Wild Cards . 12 8.11 File Name Modifiers . 13 8.12 Additional FMS++ Commands . 14 8.13 Advanced Information on XIO Commands . 18 8.14 Additional BASIC instructions to work on files . 18 8.15 Information for Advanced Users . 19 8.16 Random Access of Files . 20 8.17 Advanced Information on POINT and NOTE . 21 8.18 The Direct Mode . 21 8.19 The OPEN Instruction in Direct Mode . 21 8.20 POINT and NOTE in Direct Mode . 22 9 DiskIO 22 9.1 What is DiskIO . 23 9.2 How to Install DiskIO . 23 9.3 DiskIO Instructions . 23 9.4 Abbreviated DiskIO Instruction . 25 9.5 DiskIO Dot Commands . 26 CONTENTS iii 9.6 Asking for Help . 27 9.7 Leaving to DOS and returning to BASIC . 27 10 Overview on the DOS User Interfaces 27 11 The DOS Command Line 27 11.1 The Command Line Syntax . 28 11.2 Internal and External Commands . 29 11.3 Advanced Information on Internal and External Commands . 30 11.4 Elementary Internal Commands . 30 11.5 Copying Files with the Dos Command Line . 31 11.6 Dangerous Internal Commands . 32 11.7 Internal Commands for Working with Binary Files . 32 11.8 Miscellaneous Internal Commands . 34 11.9 Hints and Tricks for the Command Line . 34 11.10External Commands . 35 11.11Advanced Information: Accessing Program Parameters . 37 12 The Menu Interface of Dos++ 37 12.1 Advanced Information on the Menu . 38 12.2 Elementary Operations: Directory, and Quitting the Menu . 39 12.3 Simple File Operations: Deleting, Renaming, Locking and Unlocking . 40 12.4 Formatting Disks . 42 12.5 Loading and Saving Binary Files . 43 12.6 Executing Os/A+ Commands . 44 12.7 Duplicating Files . 45 12.8 Duplicating Entire Disks . 47 12.9 Miscellaneous Utility Functions . 48 12.10Configuring Dos++ . 51 12.11Additional Features: Limited DOS 3 Support . 53 12.12Advanced Information: Customizing the Menu . 54 13 The Overlay Manager 55 13.1 Advanced Information: The Overlay Manager API . 55 14 Dos++ Binary Load File Format 55 14.1 Dos++ Item Group Files . 57 14.2 The Menu API . 58 15 The Tape Handler 63 15.1 Tape Handler Extensions . 63 15.2 Booting from Tape . 64 15.3 SIO Tape Support - Information for Advanced Users . 64 16 Central I/O 65 16.1 Information for Advanced Users . 65 17 Serial I/O 65 17.1 Information for Advanced Users . 65 18 The Disk Interface Vector 66 18.1 Information for Advanced Users . 66 iv The Os++ User’s Manual 19 Os Service Routines 66 19.1 SetIRQ . 66 19.2 Memo-Pad, Self-test and Powerup-Display . 66 19.3 Reset and Power-Up . 66 19.4 Tape Support Functions . 67 19.5 Parallel Bus Interface Support . 67 19.6 New Kernel Functions . 67 20 Changes in the MathPack 67 20.1 Information for Advanced Users . 68 21 Memory Map 70 CONTENTS v 1 Overview on the Second Edition The second edition of Os++ fixes a couple of bugs and improves some of its features. Most notably, the editor had a bug by running into a BRK instruction when erasing the cursor, which was harmless with the Os++ default interrupt handler installed, and FMS++ did not handle “boot acccess” open modes with AUX2 equal to 128 properly. These defects have been fixed. The FMS++ overlay manager now also supports banking the FMS buffers under the Os ROM, reaching MEMLO values of $800. Previous versions could only FMS buffers under Basic or an Oss switching cartridge. 2 Overview on Os++ Os++ is an open source replacement operating system for the Atari 8-bit series of home computers. Even though Os++ was originally developed as part of the Atari++ emulator project, the operating system is stand- alone and will also work on a real machine, unaltered. Os++ requires at least an Atari 600XL (extended or native), or an 800XL, or any newer model. Upgraded older systems will work as long as memory bank switching is supported correctly. In specific, Os++ requires banking support for the Self Test memory window to be functional, even though it serves another purpose here. Os++ consists of two parts: A resident ROM image, supplied with this software package, that replaces the original 16K ROM built into a machine. This ROM is completely sufficient to operate the system, and it provides many more features the Atari ROMs did not supply, discussed in the next paragraphs. The second part is the Os++ System Disk that includes additional tools and utilities, very much in the spirit of the Atari system disks that came with the 810 or 1050 disk stations. The design goal of Os++ was to provide an open source operating system for the 8-bit machines that sup- plies all necessary functionality for the all-day use of the 8-bit series as it was shipped by Atari. This means that the development of Os++ was guided by the hardware available at the time the machines were originally sold, and to supply the best possible solution — as ROM space permits — at this particular time. This means, of course, that several compromises had to be made, and in particular, that hardware that appeared later by third-party vendors could not be supported. In the author’s opinion, one of the largest drawbacks of the original Os design was the lack of a built-in file management system many competing home computer systems offered. While the Atari could and did bootstrap its DOS — the Atari name for the file management system plus utility package — from disk, the bootstrap process was lengthy, and also took precious RAM space. Os++ supplies a ROM-based FMS that is backwards compatible to Dos 2.0S and Dos 2.5, the most popular Dos versions back at the time of the 8-bit series was sold, and enables thus to use the 1050 disk station even without booting from them. Nevertheless, bootstrapping custom file management systems, or games, still remains available, the ROM will not get into their way. FMS++, the file management system in the ROM, improves the original Atari design in many ways, and provides a couple of useful features, as for example taking as little as 256 bytes of precious BASIC RAM-space. The FMS is described in section 8. Many errors found in the original Atari ROMs are not present in Os++1, and a couple of improvements have been made. The editor and screen handler have been improved. The math pack is both faster and more precise. The resident.
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