Atari 8-Bit Computers
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Subject: Atari 8-Bit Computers: Frequently Asked Questions Posted by Michael Current on Wed, 05 Jun 2013 04:53:26 GMT View Forum Message <> Reply to Message Archive-name: atari-8-bit/faq Posting-Frequency: 60 days Last-modified: June 1, 2013 Welcome to the comp.sys.atari.8bit newsgroup! Atari 8-Bit Computers Frequently Asked Questions List ___________ _______________ | ///////// | _____________ | ||||||||||| | |___________| | | | ||_______|| | |______/////| |____[---]____| | / _________ \ | |LLLLLLLLLLL| |LLLLLLLLLLL || | LLLLLLLLLLL L | |LLLLLLLLLLL| |LLLLLLLLLLL || | LLLLLLLLLLL L | |__[_____]__| |__[_____]____| |___[_____]_____| 130XE 800XL 800 ___________ __---------__ | ///////// | | / _____ \ | |___________| _____________ | / |_____| \ | |______/////| |____[---]____| | ___________ | |LLLLLLLLLLL| |LLLLLLLLLLL || | ========== =| |LLLLLLLLLLL| |LLLLLLLLLLL || | ========== =| |__[_____]__| |__[_____]____| |___[_____]___| 65XE 600XL 400 ___________ _____________ | ///////// | ___________ | | |___________| |/// / | | | |______/////| |// / | /\___________ |=============| |LLLLLLLLLLL| |/O\ |\/ |LLLLLLLLLLL| | LLLLLLLLLLL | |LLLLLLLLLLL| |-----------| |LLLLLLLLLLL| | LLLLLLLLLLL | |__[_____]__| |____O_O_O_O| |__[_____]__| |___[_____]___| 800XE XEgs 1200XL Additions/suggestions/comments/corrections are needed! Please send to: Michael Current, [email protected] Library Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Copyright (c) 1992-2013 by Michael D. Current, and others where noted. Feel free to reproduce this file, in whole or in part, so long as the content of that portion reproduced is not modified, and so long as credit is given to this FAQ list or its Maintainer, or the author of that section reproduced when given. Page 1 of 316 ---- Generated from Megalextoria This document is in a constant state of development and comes with no guarantees. If you see any problems, I need to hear from you! The latest version of this document is posted to the following Usenet newsgroups every 60 days: comp.sys.atari.8bit, comp.answers, news.answers Known web locations for the latest version of this document: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/faqs/atari-8-bit/faq http://faqs.cs.uu.nl/na-dir/atari-8-bit/faq.html http://ftp.eq.uc.pt/usenet/usenet-by-group/comp.answers/atar i-8-bit/faq You may also request my latest working version at: [email protected] UPDATES SINCE PREVIOUS POSTING: 2013.06.01 11.1 1985 WUN/West Cost Computer Faire and Summer CES 2013.05.30 11.1 1983 400/800/1200XL prices 2013.05.29 11.1 1982-1983 400/800 suggested retail prices fixed 2013.05.28 Wiley book and BASIC Reference Manual references re-standardized 2013.05.28 1.2 1.3 400/800 system packages 2013.05.28 6.2 and elsewhere - standardize references to 9VAC part numbers 2013.05.27 7.2 BASIC cart & manuals shipped in 400/800 packages 2013.05.27 11.1 1979 lots of updating 2013.05.27 11.1 Kingsborough and Rosenthal fixes 2013.05.25 based on 1450XL spec, use "ANTIC" instead of "ANTIC 'D'" 2013.05.25 3.1.3 Injektor system 2013.05.25 3.1.3 insert new section for program recorder speed upgrades 2013.05.25 3.1.2 radical section overhaul (XC12 clones), including addition of Datamark DM-1301A and TurboData 2013.05.23 6.3 XES2001 Chile variation with Barnyard Blaster 2013.05.22 1.17 cart/PCI/ECI pinouts again. B02 = Buffered 02 2013.05.21 11.1 Randy Trower 2013.05.19 11.1 details of 400/800 UK arrival 2013.05.18 4.2 1025 chips 2013.05.18 5.1 835 chips 2013.05.18 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 chips 2013.05.18 1.12 6520 versions used in the Atari 2013.05.13 6.1.1 internals (from 850 schematic from Technical Manual) 2013.05.12 1.12 & throughout REALLY clarify 6502 versions used in the Atari 2013.05.11 1.17 cart, PCI, ECI. Corrected errors on 400/800 cart pinouts 2013.05.06 3.2.1 MPI = Micro Peripherals, Inc. 2013.05.06 3.2.1 FSM variations 2013.04.30 6.3 Logo pac alternate names from Atari DemoPac #9 2013.04.30 11.1 Mark Lutvak 2013.04.29 3.3.5 SIDE 2 2013.04.28 11.1 Atari Cambridge Research Lab and Cynthia Solomon 2013.04.28 7.3.6 added .OBX Page 2 of 316 ---- Generated from Megalextoria 2013.04.27 7.3.1 added C024323 2013.04.21 10.2 added TCPIP Express 2013.04.21 7.3.1 RealDOS info updated through build 31 2013.04.21 8.3 (e) added: Helicops, Impact M4, Table Football M4+ ------------------------------ Subject: 0.1) Table of contents 0.1) Table of contents Computers 1.1) What is an Atari 8-bit computer? 1.2) What is the Atari 400? 1.3) What is the Atari 800? 1.4) What is the Atari 1200XL? 1.5) What is the Atari 600XL? 1.6) What is the Atari 800XL? 1.7) What is the Atari 65XE? 1.8) What is the Atari 130XE? 1.9) What is the Atari 800XE? 1.10) What is the Atari XE game system? 1.11) What were the Atari 1400XL, 1450XLD, 65XEP, and 65XEM? 1.12) What are SALLY, ANTIC, CTIA/GTIA/FGTIA, POKEY, and FREDDIE? 1.13) Why do the ANTIC Modes start with "Mode 2", what about 0 or 1? 1.14) What is the internal hardware arrangement of the 8-bit Atari? 1.15) Who designed the Atari 8-bit computers? 1.16) What issues surround NTSC vs. PAL vs. SECAM computer versions? 1.17) What are the pinouts for the various ports on the Atari? Televisions, Monitors, Speakers 2.1) What video display devices and speakers can I use with my Atari? 2.2) What were the Atari XC1411 and XM128 monitors? 2.3) What is artifacting? 2.4) What is HDTV display lag? Mass Storage: Compact Cassette Players/Recorders 3.1.1) What are the Atari 410, 1010, XC11, & XC12 Program Recorders? 3.1.2) What other cassette recorders can I use with my Atari? 3.1.3) What speed upgrades are there for Atari program recorders? 3.1.4) How do I run a program from cassette, or save to cassette? Mass Storage: Floppy Disk Drives 3.2.1) What is the Atari 810 Disk Drive? 3.2.2) What is the Atari 1050 Disk Drive? 3.2.3) What is the Atari XF551 Disk Drive? 3.2.4) What were the Atari 815, XF521, and XF351 Disk Drives? 3.2.5) What other floppy disk drives can I use with my Atari? Page 3 of 316 ---- Generated from Megalextoria 3.2.6) What is the Percom configuration block? 3.2.7) What can I do to extend the life of my floppy disks? Mass Storage: High Capacity Storage Devices 3.3.1) What hard disk drives were designed for my Atari? 3.3.2) How can my Atari utilize my other computer's storage devices? 3.3.3) How can I use SD/MMC cards with my Atari? 3.3.4) How can I use a USB flash drive with my Atari? 3.3.5) How can I use a CompactFlash (CF) card with my Atari? Printers 4.1) What are the Atari 820, 822, and 825 Printers? 4.2) What are the Atari 1020, 1025, 1027, and 1029 Printers? 4.3) What are the Atari XMM801 and XDM121 Printers? 4.4) What were the Atari XTM201 and XTC201 Printers? 4.5) What other printers can I use with my Atari? 4.6) How can my Atari utilize my other computer's printer? Modems and other Networking Devices 5.1) What are the Atari 830, 835, 1030, XM301, and SX212 Modems? 5.2) What other modems can I use with my Atari? 5.3) How can I my Atari utilize my other computer's modem/network? 5.4) What networking hardware is there for the Atari? 5.5) How can I connect my Atari to a high-speed/Ethernet network? Hardware Interfaces 6.1.1) What is the Atari 850 Interface Module? 6.1.2) What is the Atari XEP80 Interface Module? 6.1.3) What were the 1060 CP/M Module and 1090 XL Expansion System? 6.1.4) How can I use a SCSI/SASI device with my Atari? 6.1.5) How can I use an IDE device with my Atari? 6.1.6) Can I attach an ISA card to my Atari? 6.1.7) How can I use a USB device with my Atari? Hardware/Peripherals 6.2) What are the power requirements for my Atari components? 6.3) What accessories/kits did Atari make for their 8-bit computers? 6.5) What graphics tablets were produced for the Atari? 6.6) What light pens were produced for the Atari? 6.7) What light guns were produced for the Atari? 6.9) What voice/sound synthesis hardware was produced for the Atari? 6.10) What sound-digitizers/samplers were produced for the Atari? 6.11) What sound-enhancement upgrades were produced for the Atari? 6.12) What MIDI enhancements are there for the Atari? 6.13) What graphics enhancements are there for the Atari? 6.14) What types of memory upgrades are there for the Atari? Core Software: OS, BASIC, DOS, GUIs, Modem Handlers Page 4 of 316 ---- Generated from Megalextoria 7.1.1) What is the Atari Operating System? 7.1.2) What other operating systems have been produced for the Atari? 7.1.3) What is the ATASCII character set? 7.1.4) How can my program detect keypresses directly? 7.1.5) How is the Input/Output subsystem of the Atari OS organized? 7.1.6) What is Attract mode? 7.1.7) What is the Atari cassette utilization/filesystem? 7.1.8) What programs run only on the 400 or 800, and why? 7.1.9) How can I run older programs using the Atari Translator? 7.2) What is Atari BASIC? 7.3.1) What is Atari DOS, and what versions did Atari release? 7.3.2) What are RealDOS, SpartaDOS X, and XDOS? 7.3.3) What are MyPicoDOS and Micro-SpartaDOS? 7.3.4) What other 3rd-party DOS versions were released for the Atari? 7.3.5) How do I modify Atari DOS to support more than two drives? 7.3.6) What should I know about filenames and filename extensions? 7.4) Are there Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) for the Atari? 7.5.1) What should I know about modem device handlers and programs? 7.5.2) What should I know about using fast modems with the Atari? Software 8.1) What programming languages are available for the Atari? 8.2) What cartridges were released for the Right Slot of the 800? 8.3) What games support 4 or more simultaneous players? 8.4) What programs use a light pen or a light gun? 8.5) What programs are designed