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Aden History
10/14/2016 Aden History ﺃﺳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺭﻳﺭ Editors: ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﻋﺑﺩﷲ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﻱ Dr. A. Al Sayyari (Saudi Arabia) Dr. Shihab Ghanem ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻏﺎﻧﻡ (UAE) ﺃﻻﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ) Dhow symbol which Ashraf Girgrah was incorporated (Canada) ﺃﺷﺭﻑ ﺟﺭﺟﺭﻩ into the Union Jack to form Aden Colony flag. Design : Ashraf Girgrah ﺃﺷﺭﻑ ﺟﺭﺟﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻻﺧﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ Last update Oct. 2016 Search Query ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ Contact address: [email protected] Search European Time A short history of Aden Colony 18391967 The first European to give a first hand description on Aden at the beginning of the 16th century, was the Italian Ludovico di Varthema. He writes: "Aden is such mighty and powerful that I have hardly seen another city of its might during my life . all big ships anchor at the port coming from India Ethiopia or Sira Isalnd harbour in 1512. Persia".(1) www.philipsharpegallery.com Copper line engraving showing the earliest view of Aden first published by Braun and Hogenberg in Cologne 1572. An ancient trade center, the city of Aden was under Egyptian control British Navy squadron from the 3rd century BC until it became a Roman colony in 24 BC. It invading Aden in 1839. fell successively under Ethiopian and Persian control and became associated with Yemen about the 7th century AD. It fell to the Turks in Captain Haines, first 1538 and was incorporated into the Sultanate of Lahej in 1728. Under British Agent the rule of the Sultan of Lahej, Aden had declined to a small fishing appointee after invading village with only 600 inhabitants.(2) Aden on January In 1838, Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl ceded 75 square miles 194 (sq. -
Challenges to Humanitarian Action During Decolonization
International Review of the Red Cross (2016), 97 (897/898), 45–76. Principles guiding humanitarian action doi:10.1017/S1816383115000636 Humanitarian principles put to the test: Challenges to humanitarian action during decolonization Andrew Thompson* Andrew Thompson is Professor of Modern History at the University of Exeter and Director of Exeter’s Centre for Imperial and Global History, a Council Member of the Arts and Humanities Research Council, and an Honorary Professor at the University of South Africa in Pretoria. Abstract This article examines the meaning and purpose of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement during and after decolonization. This was a period when the character of conflict experienced far-reaching changes, when the limitations of international humanitarian law were sharply exposed, and when humanitarian organizations of all kinds – the International Committee of the Red Cross included – redefined their missions and mandates. The Fundamental Principles were caught up in these processes; subject to a resurgent State sovereignty, they were both animated and constrained by the geopolitical forces of the era. The article pays particular attention to the politicization of the Principles in the contexts of colonial counter-insurgency, political detention and transfers of power. * This article draws on research in the archives of the British Red Cross Society in London and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva. I am grateful to Jean-Luc Blondel, Fabrizio Bensi, Paul Castella, Geoff Loane, Jacques Moreillon and Daniel Palmieri for their guidance and advice on the history of the ICRC. © icrc 2015 45 A. Thompson Keywords: Fundamental Principles, Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Geneva Conventions, decolonization, forced resettlement, liberation movements, colonial counter-insurgency, political detention. -
UK and Colonies
This document was archived on 27 July 2017 UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949, the principal form of nationality was British subject status, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the Crown's dominions. On and after this date, the main form of nationality was citizenship of the UK and Colonies, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the UK and Colonies. 2. Meaning of the expression 2.1 On 1 January 1949, all the territories within the Crown's dominions came within the UK and Colonies except for the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan and Ceylon (see "DOMINIONS") and Southern Rhodesia, which were identified by s.1(3) of the BNA 1948 as independent Commonwealth countries. Section 32(1) of the 1948 Act defined "colony" as excluding any such country. Also excluded from the UK and Colonies was Southern Ireland, although it was not an independent Commonwealth country. 2.2 For the purposes of the BNA 1948, the UK included Northern Ireland and, as of 10 February 1972, the Island of Rockall, but excluded the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which, under s.32(1), were colonies. 2.3 The significance of a territory which came within the UK and Colonies was, of course, that by virtue of a connection with such a territory a person could become a CUKC. Persons who, prior to 1 January 1949, had become British subjects by birth, naturalisation, annexation or descent as a result of a connection with a territory which, on that date, came within the UK and Colonies were automatically re- classified as CUKCs (s.12(1)-(2)). -
Report on the Aby·An. Scheme
COLONIAL OFFICE ,, REPORT ON THE • ABY·AN. SCHEME 1951 foNDO!~: HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE 1952 . Price 8s 6d net Colonial No. 283 COLONIAL OFFICE REPORT _ON THE -ABYAN SCHEME 1951 . LONDON: HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE ' . 1952 To the Right Honourable James Griffiths, M.P., Secretary of State for the Colonies. We have the honour to submit our Report on the Ab!an Board Development Scheme in the Western Aden Protectorate. We are, Sir, Your obedient servants, G. F. CLAY GERALD LACEY Ho GREENE J. W. CUMMINS Aden, 1~th February, 1951. DS ~1220/1 ii CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I Introductor,y 1 Terms of Reference 1 Composition of Mission 1 Outline of Tour 1 Plan of Report 2 CHAPTER II Summary of Recommendations 2 CiiAPI'ER III Inception of Abyan Development Scheme CHAPTER IV The Abyan Share-cropping system before the creation of the Abyan Board 8 CHAPTER V Irrigation 8 CHAPTER VI Agricultural Policy 12 CHllPTER VII Land 15 CHAPTER VIII Objectives of Land Use in the Abyan Delta 17 CHAPTER IX Finance and Economics 20 Financial History ~0 Bulk sale of lint cotton 22 Working of the share-cropping system and proposals for reform 23 Financing of Cultivators 28 Future Capital Programme 28 Financing Reauirements Z9 Financial Control 30 Financial Y6ar 31 CHAPTER X Personnel 31 Administrative Requirements 31 J.byan Board Staff 32 CHAPTER XI .General Observations and Conclusion 33 l..PPENDICES no. 1. April 1st, 1950 Agreenient 37 2. Estimate of the position of ari·average tenant 39 ;. Capital Programme 1951/52 to 1953/54. -
Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 48
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 48 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2010 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All ri hts reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information stora e and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group ,indrush House Avenue Two Station Lane ,itney O028 40, 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President 2arshal of the Royal Air Force Sir 2ichael 3eetham GC3 C3E DFC AFC 7ice8President Air 2arshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KC3 C3E AFC Committee Chairman Air 7ice82arshal N 3 3aldwin C3 C3E FRAeS 7ice8Chairman -roup Captain 9 D Heron O3E Secretary -roup Captain K 9 Dearman FRAeS 2embership Secretary Dr 9ack Dunham PhD CPsychol A2RAeS Treasurer 9 Boyes TD CA 2embers Air Commodore - R Pitchfork 23E 3A FRAes :9 S Cox Esq BA 2A :6r M A Fopp MA F2A FI2 t :-roup Captain A 9 Byford MA MA RAF :,ing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF ,ing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications ,ing Commander C G Jefford M3E BA 2ana er :Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS OPENIN- ADDRESS œ Air 2shl Ian Macfadyen 7 ON.Y A SIDESHO,? THE RFC AND RAF IN A 2ESOPOTA2IA 1914-1918 by Guy Warner THE RAF AR2OURED CAR CO2PANIES IN IRAB 20 C2OST.YD 1921-1947 by Dr Christopher Morris No 4 SFTS AND RASCHID A.IES WAR œ IRAB 1941 by )A , Cdr Mike Dudgeon 2ORNIN- Q&A F1 SU3STITUTION OR SU3ORDINATION? THE E2P.OY8 63 2ENT OF AIR PO,ER O7ER AF-HANISTAN AND THE NORTH8,EST FRONTIER, 1910-1939 by Clive Richards THE 9E3E. -
State-Community Relations in Yemen: Soqotra's Historical
History and Anthropology, Vol. 20, No. 4, December 2009, pp. 363–393 State-Community Relations in Yemen: Soqotra’s Historical Formation as a Sub-National Polity Serge D. Elie TaylorGHAN_A_416818.sgm10.1080/02757200903166459History0275-7206Original20092040000002009Sergejds_elei@yahoo.com D.Elie and& and Article Francis (print)/1477-2612Francis Anthropology (online) Soqotra Island, the remote border outpost of the Yemeni state in the Indian Ocean, is a community of mixed ethnic composition with a non-Arabic mother tongue. It offers an ideal socio-political context for the study of state–community relations in terms of polity formation as part of a political incorporation process. This focus provides a corrective to the still dominant segmentary society paradigm and its tribes-driven state politics in the anthropological discourse on Yemen. Polity formation in Soqotra occurred through a series of acts of political incorporation by a succession of political regimes from the late nineteenth century to the present. The study of this process is pursued through a historical narrative of the state’s politics of administration. This narrative is aptly described as a mesography, as its analytical focus is on the meso-level institutional web of four different political regimes with their distinctive modes of polity regimentation and their structuring effects on Soqotrans’ communal life. Downloaded By: [Elie, Serge] At: 17:32 25 November 2009 Keywords: Yemen; Soqotra; Mesography; Political Incorporation; Polity Formation Introduction: Politics of Administration and Communal History History is past politics and politics present history. (Scott 1989: 680) Soqotra Island is the main population centre, with approximately 50,000 inhabitants, of the four-island Soqotra Archipelago, which extends the borders of the Yemeni state nearly 400 kilometres into the Indian Ocean. -
GENERAL AGREEMENT on L/344/Corr.1 9 March 1955
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON L/344/Corr.1 TARIFFS AND TRADE 9 March 1955 Limited Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES Ninth Session SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF DEPENDENT OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Report by Working Party on Dependent Overseas Territories Corrigendum Page 1. para 2. In the quotation of the proposal of the United Kingdom delegation (L/296) the third line should read: "of a dependent territory for whose external relations it is responsible, ..." Page 3. para 6. In the third line before the end of that paragraph the words "in large measure" should be deleted. Page 4. The heading before paragraph 10 should read: "Wholly or in large measure dependent on the United Kingdom as a market" thus conforming the phraseology used in the Decision in Annex I on page 8, second paragraph of the preamble, and page 9 in paragraph 2(a). Page 12. Replace the Annex II by the following: L/344/Corr.1 Page 2 ANNEX II DEPENDENT OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (as of 5 March 1955) AFRICAN GROUP ATLANTIC AND INDIAN OCEAN GROUP Gambia Bahamas Gold Coast Bermuda Togoland (under U.K. Trusteeship) Falkland Islands Nigeria St. Helena Cameroons (under U.K. Trusteeship) Ascension Sierra Leone Tristan da Cunha Somaliland Protectorate Aden (Colony and Protectorate) Kenya Mauritius and Dependencies Uganda Seychelles Tanganyika Zanzibar and Pemba MEDITERRANEAN GROUP Basutoland Bechuanaland Protectorate Cyprus Swaziland Gibraltar Malta and Gozo EASTERN GROUP WESTERN PACIFIC GROUP Federation of Malaya Fiji Singapore British Solomon Brunei Islands Protectorate Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony North Borneo New Hebrides Sarawak Pitcairn Hong Kong Tonga WEST INDIES GROUP Barbados British Guiana British Honduras Jamaica Cayman Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Leeward Islands: Antigua Montserrat St. -
From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Oper
From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Oper... http://www.history.ac.uk/resources/e-journal-international-history/maw... Home » Publications » Electronic Journal of International History Electronic Journal of International History - Article 5 ISSN 1471-1443 Introduction | Contents From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Operations in Southwest Arabia 1955-67 by Spencer Mawby Department of Politics, University of Leicester, UK 1. During the post-1945 era British political and military leaders switched their attention from the conduct of a total war to the prosecution of small wars in defence of imperial commitments around the world. The history of counter-insurgency campaigns in Malaya, Kenya and Cyprus provide evidence for the notion that British post-war leaders remained wedded to the global role despite the existence of new commitments on the continent of Europe. The purposes of Britains late colonial wars varied but as a minimum they had as their aim the establishment of sufficient order for the smooth hand-over of power to local elites sympathetic to western interests. By this criterion the least successful of all these small wars was fought in Southwest Arabia. In the town of Aden and the surrounding Protectorates British determination to maintain their interests came into conflict with the sudden emergence of an active independence movement fuelled by the post-Suez growth of Arab nationalism. During the course of the late 1950s and 1960s Aden became the site of a campaign of urban terrorism in which opposition groups fought with the British and each other. Outside the town in the Western Aden Protectorate (WAP) tribal rebellions began to take the form of nationalist uprisings. -
University Microfilms
INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949
UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949, the principal form of nationality was British subject status, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the Crown's dominions. On and after this date, the main form of nationality was citizenship of the UK and Colonies, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the UK and Colonies. 2. Meaning of the expression 2.1 On 1 January 1949, all the territories within the Crown's dominions came within the UK and Colonies except for the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan and Ceylon (see "DOMINIONS") and Southern Rhodesia, which were identified by s.1(3) of the BNA 1948 as independent Commonwealth countries. Section 32(1) of the 1948 Act defined "colony" as excluding any such country. Also excluded from the UK and Colonies was Southern Ireland, although it was not an independent Commonwealth country. 2.2 For the purposes of the BNA 1948, the UK included Northern Ireland and, as of 10 February 1972, the Island of Rockall, but excluded the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which, under s.32(1), were colonies. 2.3 The significance of a territory which came within the UK and Colonies was, of course, that by virtue of a connection with such a territory a person could become a CUKC. Persons who, prior to 1 January 1949, had become British subjects by birth, naturalisation, annexation or descent as a result of a connection with a territory which, on that date, came within the UK and Colonies were automatically re- classified as CUKCs (s.12(1)-(2)). -
Men, Matters and Memories 1960
Men, Matters and Memories By M.A. Lokman – Advocate Editor – in – chief Supervision, Edition, Compilation and Introduction by: Professor Ahmed Ali AlHamdani Foreword Knowledge is the only path to salvation, abundant education is the strongest basis for the equality of nations, their appreciation for each other Muhammad Ali Luqman I thought of writing an introduction to my father’s book which is the only one of his writings published in English so far. The book, ‘Men, Matters and Memories’ is a collection of memories that father used to publish each week in his English newspaper, ‘The Aden Chronicle’; they date from 1960, 1961, 1962. Other articles in the series sadly have either been lost or are in too poor a condition, ancient, and fragile to be retyped ready for publication. My father used the spelling of his name as Lokman in all his English writings. It was almost 40 years after my father’s passing when, the project of collecting, archiving, and publishing his papers, books, photographs, speeches, and radio recordings, was initiated by my brother Maher Muhammed Ali Luqman. He had managed to rescue a large amount of the material already but through publicity and reward he collected other works that had been lost. This initial stage took a lot of time, money, and effort but once completed Maher approached Dr Ahmed Ali Alhamadani and invited him to take on the next stage of researching the material and preparing it for printing and publication. This was also a time consuming, costly, and dedicated effort which has meant that father’s works are now available to anyone who wishes to access his legacy. -
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ARABTA-THE BRITISH SPHERE D. A. Nicholas Jones I IN the years immediately following the Second World War, Britain continued to hold positions of strength in Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, as well as South Arabia: that is, the eastern and southern fringes of the Saudi Kingdom. When Arab nationalists list the key events in Britain's retreat in the later 'fifties, the items read: the Egyptian-Czech arms deal, the failure of the Templer mission in Jordan, the dismissal of Glubb, the nationalization of the Canal, the failure of the Suez invasion, the end of the Anglo-Jordan treaty, the formation of the United Arab Republic, the association of the Yemen with the United Arab Republic, the breach with Iraq.' South Arabia is the last place in the Arab world where Britain has control and sufficient power still to make decisions. The successive retreats of Britain are all pre- sented, of course, as the result of Arab initiatives. Less publicized is the development of the Middle East oil-fields and the deterioration of Britain's position. In 1939 the British share of Middle East oil produc- tion was 60 per cent, while that of America was only 13 per cent. Within fifteen years from the end of the war, the American share was 65 per cent, with only 30 per cent going to British-controlled firms. If Arab nationalists want to present an objective history of Britain's decline in the Middle East, they should begin with this fact rather than a list of political defeats, although these are not unimportant.