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BEAUTY and the BEAST and the TALMUD 1. Ta'anit 7A-B כדאמרה ליה

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BEAUTY and the BEAST and the TALMUD 1. Ta'anit 7A-B כדאמרה ליה BEAUTY AND THE BEAST AND THE TALMUD 1. Ta’anit 7a-b כדאמרה ליה ברתיה The daughter of the Roman emperor said to Rabbi דקיסר לר' יהושע בן Yehoshua ben Ḥananya, who was an ugly man: Woe to חנניה אי חכמה מפוארה glorious wisdom such as yours, which is contained in an בכלי מכוער אמר לה :ugly vessel. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya said to her אביך רמי חמרא במני ?Does your father keep his wine in simple clay vessels דפחרא אמרה ליה אלא ,The emperor’s daughter said to him: Rather, in what במאי נירמי אמר לה then, should he keep it? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya אתון דחשביתו רמו said to her: You, who are so important, should put it in במאני דהבא וכספא vessels of gold and silver. The emperor’s daughter went אזלה ואמרה ליה לאבוה and said this to her father. He put the wine in vessels of רמייא לחמרא במני gold and silver and it turned sour. When his advisors דהבא וכספא ותקיף אתו ,came and told the emperor that the wine had turned sour ואמרו ליה אמר לה he said to his daughter: Who told you to do this? His לברתיה מאן אמר לך daughter responded: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya. The הכי אמרה ליה רבי emperor summoned him and said to him: Why did you יהושע בן חנניה קריוהו say this to her? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya said to אמר ליה אמאי אמרת him: Just as she said to me, so I said say to her, to לה הכי אמר ליה כי היכי demonstrate to her that fine material is best preserved in דאמרה לי אמרי לה והא the least of vessels. The emperor said to him: But there איכא שפירי דגמירי אי are handsome people who are learned. Rabbi Yehoshua הוו סנו טפי הוו גמירי replied: Had they been ugly, they would have been even more learned. 2. Baba Metzia 84a אמר רבי יוחנן אנא Rabbi Yoḥanan said: I alone remain of the beautiful אישתיירי משפירי people of Jerusalem. The Gemara continues: One who ירושלים האי מאן דבעי wishes to see something resembling the beauty of Rabbi מחזי שופריה דרבי יוחנן Yoḥanan should bring a new, shiny silver goblet from the נייתי כסא דכספא מבי workshop and fill it with red pomegranate seeds and סלקי ונמלייה פרצידיא ,place a headband of red roses upon the lip of the goblet דרומנא סומקא ונהדר and position it between the sunlight and shade. That ליה כלילא דוורדא brightness is like Rabbi Yoḥanan’s beauty. The Gemara סומקא לפומיה ונותביה asks: Is that so? Was Rabbi Yoḥanan so beautiful? But בין שמשא לטולא ההוא doesn’t the Master say: The beauty of Rav Kahana is a זהרורי מעין שופריה דר' semblance of the beauty of Rabbi Abbahu; the beauty of יוחנן איני והאמר מר Rabbi Abbahu is a semblance of the beauty of Jacob, our שופריה דרב כהנא מעין forefather; and the beauty of Jacob, our forefather, is a שופריה דרבי אבהו semblance of the beauty of Adam the first man, who was שופריה דר' אבהו מעין created in the image of G-d. And yet Rabbi Yoḥanan is שופריה דיעקב אבינו not included in this list. The Gemara answers: Rabbi שופריה דיעקב אבינו Yoḥanan is different from these other men, as he did not מעין שופריה דאדם have a beauty of countenance, i.e., he did not have a הראשון ואילו ר' יוחנן לא beard. The Gemara continues to discuss Rabbi קא חשיב ליה שאני ר' Yoḥanan’s beauty. Rabbi Yoḥanan would go and sit by יוחנן דהדרת פנים לא the entrance to the ritual bath. He said to himself: When הויא ליה ר' יוחנן הוה Jewish women come up from their immersion for the sake אזיל ויתיב אשערי of a mitzva, after their menstruation, they should טבילה אמר כי סלקן encounter me first, so that they have beautiful children בנות ישראל מטבילת like me, and sons learned in Torah like me. This is based מצוה לפגעו בי כי היכי on the idea that the image upon which a woman דלהוו להו בני שפירי meditates during intercourse affects the child she כוותי גמירי אורייתא conceives…The Gemara relates: One day, Rabbi כוותי...יומא חד הוה קא Yoḥanan was bathing in the Jordan River. Reish Lakish סחי ר' יוחנן בירדנא saw him and jumped into the Jordan, pursuing him. At חזייה ריש לקיש ושוור that time, Reish Lakish was the leader of a band of לירדנא אבתריה אמר robbers. Rabbi Yoḥanan said to Reish Lakish: Your ליה חילך לאורייתא אמר :strength is fit for Torah study. Reish Lakish said to him ליה שופרך לנשי א"ל אי :Your beauty is fit for women. Rabbi Yoḥanan said to him הדרת בך יהיבנא לך If you return to the study of Torah, I will give you my sister אחותי דשפירא מינאי in marriage, who is more beautiful than I am. Reish Lakish קביל עליה .accepted upon himself to study Torah 3. Shabbat 25b מנהגו של ר' יהודה בר אלעאי This was the custom of Rabbi Yehuda bar Elai: On ע"ש מביאים לו עריבה מלאה Shabbat eve, they would bring him a bowl full of hot חמין ורוחץ פניו ידיו ורגליו ,water and he would use it to wash his face, hands ומתעטף ויושב בסדינין and feet, and he would wrap himself, and sit in linen המצוייצין ודומה למלאך ה' cloaks with ritual fringes, and he was like an angel צבאות .of the Lord of hosts 4. Baba Metzia 85a ויתיב מאה אחריני דלא Rabbi Zeira fasted one hundred fasts so that the fire of נשלוט ביה נורא דגיהנם Gehenna should not affect him. The Gemara relates with כל תלתין יומי הוה בדיק regard to Rabbi Zeira: Every thirty days, he would נפשיה שגר תנורא סליק .examine himself to check if he remained on his high level ויתיב בגויה ולא הוה He would light an oven, climb in, and sit inside it, and the שלטא ביה נורא יומא חד fire would not affect him. One day, the Sages gave him יהבו ביה רבנן עינא the evil eye, i.e., they were envious of him, and his legs ואיחרכו שקיה וקרו ליה became burned in the fire. And from then on they referred קטין חריך .to him as: The short one with burned legs 5. Yerushalmi Baba Metzia 4:7 ר' זירא הוה עסק בהדא כיתנא אתא גבי .R. Zeira would deal in flax. He went before R רבי אבהו אמר ליה מה אנא משפרה Abahu and asked "How much am I allowed to עיבידתיה. א"ל איזיל עביד מה דאת .improve how it looks?" R. Abahu said to R ידע. .(Zeira: Do what you know (it is permitted 6. Ketubot 17a כי אתא רב דימי אמר When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he הכי משרו קמי כלתא said: This is what they sing before brides in the West, in במערבא לא כחל ולא Eretz Yisrael: No eye shadow, and no rouge, and no שרק ולא פירכוס ויעלת braiding of the hair, and yet she is comparable to a חן כי סמכו רבנן לרבי graceful ibex. The Gemara relates: When the Sages זירא שרו ליה הכי לא ordained Rabbi Zeira, this is what they metaphorically כחל ולא שרק ולא sang with regard to him in his praise: No eye shadow, and פירכוס ויעלת חן… ר' no rouge, and no braiding of the hair, and yet she is אבהו כי הוה אתי comparable to a graceful ibex…The Gemara relates ממתיבתא לבי קיסר another instance of singing the praise of the Sages: When נפקן אמהתא דבי קיסר Rabbi Abbahu would come from the academy to the לאפיה ומשרין ליה הכי house of the emperor, the maidservants of the emperor’s רבא דעמיה ומדברנא house would go out to greet him, and this is what they דאומתיה בוצינא דנהורא ,sang to him: Master of his people and leader of his nation בריך מתייך לשלם אמרו .candle of illumination, blessed is your arrival in peace עליו על רבי יהודה בר With regard to the mitzva of bringing joy to the bride and אילעאי שהיה נוטל בד groom, the Gemara relates: The Sages said about Rabbi של הדס ומרקד לפני Yehuda bar Elai that he would take a myrtle branch and הכלה ואומר כלה נאה dance before the bride, and say: A fair and attractive וחסודה רב שמואל בר bride. Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzḥak would base his dance רב יצחק מרקד אתלת on three myrtle branches that he would juggle. Rabbi א"ר זירא קא מכסיף לן Zeira said: The old man is humiliating us, as through his סבא conduct he is demeaning the Torah and the Torah scholars. Bibliography The Beautiful in Jewish Literature by Kaufmann Kohler, Emil G. Hirsch The Great Fat Massacre: Sex, Death and The Grotesque Body in the Talmud by Daniel Boyarin Swimming in the Sea of Talmud: Lessons for Everyday Living by Michael Katz, Gershon Schwartz Wrestling with G-d and Men: Homosexuality in the Jewish Tradition by Steve Greenberg Rabbi David Levin-Kruss [email protected] .
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