Factsheet Ukraine
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Russia's Hybrid Warfare
Research Paper Research Division – NATO Defense College, Rome – No. 105 – November 2014 Russia’s Hybrid Warfare Waging War below the Radar of Traditional Collective Defence by H. Reisinger and A. Golts1 “You can’t modernize a large country with a small war” Karl Schlögel The Research Division (RD) of the NATO De- fense College provides NATO’s senior leaders with “Ukraine is not even a state!” Putin reportedly advised former US President sound and timely analyses and recommendations on current issues of particular concern for the Al- George W. Bush during the 2008 NATO Summit in Bucharest. In 2014 this liance. Papers produced by the Research Division perception became reality. Russian behaviour during the current Ukraine convey NATO’s positions to the wider audience of the international strategic community and con- crisis was based on the traditional Russian idea of a “sphere of influence” and tribute to strengthening the Transatlantic Link. a special responsibility or, stated more bluntly, the “right to interfere” with The RD’s civil and military researchers come from countries in its “near abroad”. This perspective is also implied by the equally a variety of disciplines and interests covering a 2 broad spectrum of security-related issues. They misleading term “post-Soviet space.” The successor states of the Soviet conduct research on topics which are of interest to Union are sovereign countries that have developed differently and therefore the political and military decision-making bodies of the Alliance and its member states. no longer have much in common. Some of them are members of the European Union and NATO, while others are desperately trying to achieve The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the this goal. -
Citizens and the State in the Government-Controlled Territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk Regions Problems, Challenges and Visions of the Future
Citizens and the state in the government-controlled territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions Problems, challenges and visions of the future Funded by: This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union through International Alert. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of International Alert and UCIPR and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Layout: Nick Wilmot Creative Front cover image: A mother and daughter living in temporary accommodation for those displaced by the violence in Donetsk, 2014. © Andrew McConnell/Panos © International Alert/Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research 2017 Citizens and the state in the government-controlled territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions Problems, challenges and visions of the future October 2017 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Methodology 6 3. Findings 7 4. Statements from interviewees 22 5. Conclusions and recommendations 30 Citizens and the state in the government-controlled territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions 3 1. INTRODUCTION The demarcation line (the line of contact)1 and the ‘grey zone’ between the government-controlled2 and uncontrolled territories3 of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions separates the parties to the conflict in the east of Ukraine. The areas controlled by the Ukrainian authorities and bordering the ‘grey zone’ are very politically sensitive, highly militarised, and fall under a special governance regime that is different from the rest of the country. In the absence of a comprehensive political settlement and amid uncertain prospects, it is unclear how long this situation will remain. It is highly likely that over the next few years, Ukrainians in areas adjacent to the contact line will live under very particular and unusual governance structures, and in varying degrees of danger. -
The Kremlin's Irregular Army: Ukrainian Separatist Order of Battle
THE KREMLIN’S IRREGULARY ARMY: UKRAINIAN SEPARATIST ORDER OF BATTLE | FRANKLIN HOLCOMB | AUGUST 2017 Franklin Holcomb September 2017 RUSSIA AND UKRAINE SECURITY REPORT 3 THE KREMLIN’S IRREGULAR ARMY: UKRAINIAN SEPARATIST ORDER OF BATTLE WWW.UNDERSTANDINGWAR.ORG 1 Cover: A Pro-Russian separatist sits at his position at Savur-Mohyla, a hill east of the city of Donetsk, August 28, 2014. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing or from the publisher. ©2017 by the Institute for the Study of War. Published in 2017 in the United States of America by the Instittue for the Study of War. 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 515 | Washington, DC 20036 understandingwar.org 2 Franklin Holcomb The Kremlin’s Irregular Army: Ukrainian Separatist Order of Battle ABOUT THE AUTHOR Franklin Holcomb is a Russia and Ukraine Research Analyst at the Institute for the Study of War where he focuses on the war in Ukraine, Ukrainian politics, and Russian foreign policy in Eastern Europe. His current research focuses on studying the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Russian-backed separatist formations operating in Eastern Ukraine, as well as analyzing Russian political and military activity in Moldova, the Baltic, and the Balkans. Mr. Holcomb is the author of “The Order of Battle of the Ukrainian Armed Forces: A Key Component in European Security,” “Moldova Update: Kremlin Will Likely Seek to Realign Chisinau”, “Ukraine Update: Russia’s Aggressive Subversion of Ukraine,” as well as ISW’s other monthly updates on the political and military situation in Ukraine. -
Donbas, Ukraine: Organizations and Activities
Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance Civil Society in Donbas, Ukraine: Organizations and Activities Volodymyr Lukichov Tymofiy Nikitiuk Liudmyla Kravchenko Luhansk oblast DONBAS DONBAS Stanytsia Donetsk Luhanska Zolote oblast Mayorske Luhansk Donetsk Maryinka Novotroitske RUSSIA Hnutove Mariupol Sea of Azov About DCAF DCAF - Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance is dedicated to improving the se- curity of people and the States they live in within a framework of democratic governance, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. DCAF contributes to making peace and de- velopment more sustainable by assisting partner states and international actors supporting them to improve the governance of their security sector through inclusive and participatory reforms. It creates innovative knowledge products, promotes norms and good practices, provides legal and policy advice and supports capacity building of both state- and non-state security sector stakeholders. Active in over 70 countries, DCAF is internationally recognized as one of the world’s leading centres of excellence for security sector governance (SSG) and security sector reform (SSR). DCAF is guided by the principles of neutrality, impartiality, local ownership, inclusive participation, and gender equality. www.dcaf.ch. Publisher DCAF - Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance P.O.Box 1360 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland [email protected] +41 (0) 22 730 9400 Authors: Volodymyr Lukichov, Tymofiy Nikitiuk, Liudmyla Kravchenko Copy-editor: dr Grazvydas Jasutis, Richard Steyne -
Preserving Ukraine's Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression
Preserving Ukraine’s Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression: What the United States and NATO Must Do Ivo Daalder, Michele Flournoy, John Herbst, Jan Lodal, Steven Pifer, James Stavridis, Strobe Talbott and Charles Wald © 2015 The Atlantic Council of the United States. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Atlantic Council, except in the case of brief quotations in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. Please direct inquiries to: Atlantic Council 1030 15th Street, NW, 12th Floor Washington, DC 20005 ISBN: 978-1-61977-471-1 Publication design: Krystal Ferguson; Cover photo credit: Reuters/David Mdzinarishvili This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council, the Brookings Institution, and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, and their funders do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. February 2015 PREFACE This report is the result of collaboration among the Donbas provinces of Donetsk and Luhansk. scholars and former practitioners from the A stronger Ukrainian military, with enhanced Atlantic Council, the Brookings Institution, the defensive capabilities, will increase the pros- Center for a New American Security, and the pects for negotiation of a peaceful settlement. Chicago Council on Global Affairs. It is informed When combined with continued robust Western by and reflects mid-January discussions with economic sanctions, significant military assis- senior NATO and U.S. -
Ukraine and Black Sea Security
SIPRI Background Paper December 2018 UKRAINE AND SUMMARY w The Black Sea region is BLACK SEA SECURITY experiencing a changing military balance. The six littoral states (Bulgaria, siemon t. wezeman and alexandra kuimova* Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine) intensified their efforts to build up their military potential after Russia’s The security environment in the wider Black Sea region—which brings takeover of Crimea and the together the six littoral states (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey start of the internationalized and Ukraine) and a hinterland including the South Caucasus and Moldova— civil war in eastern Ukraine is rapidly changing. It combines protracted conflicts with a significant con- in 2014. ventional military build-up that intensified after the events of 2014: Russia’s The loss of Crimea and the takeover of Crimea and the start of the internationalized civil war in eastern conflict in the east of the Ukraine.1 Transnational connections between conflicts across the region country have dramatically and between the Black Sea and the Middle East add further dimensions of changed Ukraine’s relations insecurity. As a result, there is a blurring of the conditions of peace, crisis with Russia and its position in and conflict in the region. This has led to an unpredictable and potentially the Black Sea. The civil war has high-risk environment in which military forces with advanced weapons, become by far the most including nuclear-capable systems, are increasingly active in close proxim- important security issue for Ukraine and Russia has become ity to each other. the main threat to its security. -
Price of War the Ways of Bringing Foreigners to Justice for Crimes Committed During the Armed Conflict in Ukraine
Price of war The ways of bringing foreigners to justice for crimes committed during the armed conflict in Ukraine Kyiv 2017 Price of war / 1 UDC 341.3+342.726]-054.6(048.83)=11 S28 Contents Price of war/ А.Siedov, А. Bida. Edited by А. Pavliuk and А. Bida./ K.: Rumes, 2017 - 32p 1................................................................................................................................ GLOSSARY ...................................... 2 From the standpoint of international humanitarian and national law, 2. INTRODUCTION who are foreigners participating in the armed conflict in Ukraine? ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Which jurisdiction do the actions committed by them during the 3. MERCENARISM AS GLOBAL SECURITY THREAT conflict fall within? Is it possible to bring them to liability after they ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. STATUS OF ARMED CONFLICT PARTICIPANTS IN UKRAINE have left the territory of Ukraine? This analytical review is an attempt ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 to find answers to these questions. 5. CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE AND ITS COMPLIANCE WITH NORMS OF IHL .................................................................................................................................................................... -
Statement by Mr. Bohdan Yaremenko, Chairman, NGO Maidan of Foreign
Statement by Mr. Bohdan Yaremenko, Chairman, NGO Maidan of Foreign Affairs, Ukraine Ladies and Gentleman Our NGO Maidan of Foreign Affairs together with our partner web-portal The Black Sea News represented here by its Editor-in-Chief Mr. Andrii Klymenko are not only covering the Russian military aggression in Ukraine since mid-February 2014 but is the only Ukrainian institution that summarized the picture and published the Strategy of Returning the Crimea last year. We are convinced that situation in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine is directly connected and should be kept in the same frame for political analysis. Honestly speaking the picture will still be incomplete without analyzing the Russian intervention into Ukraine aside of what is happening in Transdniestria in Moldova, Abkhazia and Ossetia in Georgia. The time limits will not allow me to do it in a proper way. Nevertheless, the issue of human rights in the conflict areas in Ukraine and in particular in the annexed Crimea should not and cannot be properly addressed without broader overview of the political, military, security, economic and social situation. So, we decided to share the responsibilities. With your permission I will cover the general issues in order to allow my dear friend and colleague Mr. Andrii Klymenko to concentrate fully on the issues of human rights. Political preferences were not the main reason for the annexation of the Crimea (the local parliament, elected in 2012, included only 3 deputies out of 100 who represented the pro-Russian movements and organizations). A fear of ethnic and interreligious conflicts has been artificially enforced by the Russian propaganda within a short period of time as the active phase of the annexation plan was being implemented (in winter 2014); this fear was an additional factor that reinforced the overall concerns of the citizens. -
White Book-2017. Armed Forces of Ukraine
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE WHITE BOOK 2017 THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE KYIV • 2018 The edition “White book-2017. Armed Forces of Ukraine” is prepared and edited by a group of representatives of the Ministry of Defence and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine The head of the working group: Ivan RUSNAK The working group: Oleksiy CHERNOBAY, Sergyi DUDKO, Iryna MAKARCHENKO, Oleh MELICHOV, Oleksandr DUBLYAN, Аnatolyi PETRENKO, IHOR PAVLOVKSYI, Oleh SHEVCHUK, Victor MUZHENKO The secretary of the working group: Dmytro KHRISTOFOROV Design: Oleksandr MOSKALENKO The annual edition “White book” is presented in accordance with the law of Ukraine «On the democratic and civil control on the military organization and the law enforcement authorities of the state», and also on the defence policy and problematic issues that occur in this particular sphere, as well as the ways for their solutions. The 13-th edition of the yearbook “White book-2017. Armed Forces of Ukraine” is dedicated to the issues of reforming the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The edition highlights the current state of affairs within the Armed Forces and the main directions for further military development. The materials presented in the yearbook are meant to be used by civil and military experts in the sphere of military development of the defence and security policy, but also by journalists, teachers and students of the appropriate higher educational facilities and faculties, and also by those that are interested in the state and the directions of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. © Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, 2018 © Design, Private enterprise Moskalenko O.M., 2018 2 WHITE BOOK n 2017 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE n the Armed Forces of Ukraine, 2017 has been marked by a further gradual increasing momentum Iof the defence reform implementation. -
Hybrid Threats to Ukraine and Public Security. the EU and Eastern Partnership Experience
HYBRID THREATS TO UKRAINE AND PUBLIC SECURITY. The EU and Eastern Partnership experience Analytical report Kyiv - 2018 HYBRID THREATS TO UKRAINE AND PUBLIC SECURITY. THE EU AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP EXPERIENCE The analytical report analyses hybrid threats to Ukraine’s security, capabilities and weaknesses of the state to meet them, the experience of some countries of the European Union and the Eastern Partnership, which can be useful for Ukraine. The document also contains conclusions and recommendations on the development of Ukraine’s capabilities to ensure security of the society in the context of hybrid threats. The document may be interesting for representatives of the Ukrainian state authorities, the Eastern Partnership countries, international organizations, experts, civil society organizations working in the security sector. This analytical report was prepared within the framework of the project “Promoting building of Ukraine’s capacities to guarantee citizens’ security in the conditions of hybrid threats” with the support of the European Union and the International Renaissance Foundation within the framework of the project “Civic Synergy” (http://www.irf.ua/programs/eu/civicsynergy/), under the auspices of the Ukrainian National Platform of the Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum. Its content is the sole responsibility of the Centre for Global Studies “Strategy XXI” and does not necessarily reflect views of the European Union and the International Renaissance Foundation. Under general editorship of V. Martyniuk (project manager) Expert group of the project: М.Gonchar, А.Chubyk, S.Zhuk, О.Chyzhova, H.Maksak, Yu.Tyshchenko, О.Zvarych With the support of © Centre for Global Studies “Strategy ХХІ” HYbRId THREaTS To UkRaInE and pUblIC SECURITY. -
Presentation 2
The OSCE Secretariat bears no responsibility for the content of this document FSC.DEL/319/20 and circulates it without altering its content. The distribution by OSCE 9 December 2020 Conference Services of this document is without prejudice to OSCE decisions, as set out in documents agreed by OSCE participating States. ENGLISH only Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the International Organizations in Vienna Statement by the Delegation of Ukraine at the 963rd FSC Plenary Meeting on Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and illegal occupation of Crimea (9 December 2020, Vienna, via video teleconferencing) (Agenda item 4, «General Statements») Madam Chairperson, On behalf of the Delegation of Ukraine let me deliver a statement on the subject of “Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and illegal occupation of Crimea”. On the 9th of December, 2019, at the Paris Summit, the leaders of the Normandy 4 countries, Germany, France, Ukraine and Russia, adopted a number of important measures that have to be implemented by the parties of the international armed conflict, taking place on the Ukrainian soil. For its part, Ukraine has been exerting every effort in implementing these measures in order to reach peaceful settlement of the armed conflict, started and sustained by the Russian Federation. The implementation of the N4 decisions as well as the Minsk agreements remains the backbone of politico-diplomatic settlement of the armed conflict and restoration of peace in the region. We call upon the Russian Federation to step up efforts in fulfilment of its obligations under the N4 and TCG frameworks and immediately cease its armed aggression against Ukraine. -
Security & Defence
NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENCE CONTENT π 1-2 (177-178) THE WAR IN DONBAS: REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF SETTLEMENT ................2 2019 1. GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF CONFLICT IN DONBAS ............................................3 Founded and published by: 1.1. Russia’s “hybrid” aggression: geopolitical dimension ................................................ 3 1.2. Russian intervention in Donbas: goals and specifics .................................................. 6 1.3. Role and impact of the West in settling the conflict in Donbas .................................12 1.4. Ukraine’s policy for Donbas ......................................................................................24 2. OCCUPATION OF DONBAS: CURRENT SITUATION AND TRENDS ........................35 UKRAINIAN CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL STUDIES 2.1. Military component of Donbas occupation ...............................................................35 NAMED AFTER OLEXANDER RAZUMKOV 2.2. Socio-economic situation in the occupied territories ................................................42 Director General Anatoliy Rachok 2.3. Energy aspect of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine .......................................................50 Editor-in-Chief Yuriy Yakymenko 2.4. Ideology and information policy in “DPR-LPR” .........................................................56 2.5. Environmental situation in the occupied territories ...................................................62 Editor Hanna Pashkova 3. DONBAS: SCENARIOS OF DEVELOPMENTS Halyna Balanovych AND PROSPECTS