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IAEA Laboratory Activities TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 77 IAEA Laboratory Activities FOURTH REPORT INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY,VIENNA, 1967 IAEA LABORATORY ACTIVITIES Fourth Report The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GERMANY, FEDERAL NIGERIA ALBANIA REPUBLIC OF NORWAY ALGERIA GHANA PAKISTAN ARGENTINA GREECE PANAMA AUSTRALIA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY AUSTRIA HAITI PERU BELGIUM HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES BOLIVIA HONDURAS POLAND BRAZIL HUNGARY PORTUGAL BULGARIA ICELAND ROMANIA BURMA INDIA SAUDI ARABIA BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET INDONESIA SENEGAL SOCIALIST REPUBLIC IRAN SIERRA LEONE CAMBODIA IRAQ SINGAPORE CAMEROON ISRAEL SOUTH AFRICA CANADA ITALY SPAIN CEYLON IVORY COAST SUDAN CHILE JAMAICA SWEDEN CHINA JAPAN SWITZERLAND COLOMBIA JORDAN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CONGO, DEMOCRATIC KENYA THAILAND REPUBLIC OF KOREA, REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA COSTA RICA KUWAIT TURKEY CUBA LEBANON UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST CYPRUS LIBERIA REPUBLIC CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST LIBYA UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC LUXEMBOURG REPUBLICS DENMARK MADAGASCAR UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MALI UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT ECUADOR MEXICO BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND EL SALVADOR MONACO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHIOPIA MOROCCO URUGUAY FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIET-NAM GABON NICARAGUA YUGOSLAVIA The Agency's Statute was approved on 26 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world". (C) IAEA, 1967 Permission to reproduce or translate the information contained in this publication may be obtained by writing to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Kârntner Ring 11, A-1010 Vienna I, Austria. Printed by the IAEA in Austria September 1967 TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No.77 IAEA LABORATORY ACTIVITIES The IAEA Laboratories at Vienna and Seibersdorf The International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity at Monaco The International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste The Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre for the Arab Countries, Cairo Fourth Report INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1967 IAEÀ LABORATORY ACTIVITIES - Fourth Report (Technical Reports Series, No. 77) ABSTRACT. This fourth report describes development and work during the year 1966. It includes activi- ties of the IAEA Laboratories at Vienna and Seibersdorf, the International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity at Monaco, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste, and the Middle Eastern Regional Radio- isotope Centre for the Arab Countries at Cairo. Contents: The IAEA Laboratories at Vienna and Seibersdorf: Introduction; Standardization of measure- ment and of analytical methods related to nuclear energy applications; Analytical services to Member States; Chemical and physico-chemical investigation relevant to the Agency's programme; Nuclear energy applied to agriculture; Nuclear energy in medicine; Nuclear energy in hydrology; Nuclear electronics service and development; Administrative matters, staff members and publications. - The International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity at Monaco: Introduction; Research; Administrative matters, staff members and pub- lications. - The International Centre for Theóretical Physics, Trieste: Introduction; Assistance to developing countries; Administrative matters, staff members and publications; Appendix: Statistical digest. - The Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre for the Arab Countries, Cairo: Introduction; The scientific programme of the Centre; Accepted papers and scientific reports on results of work done in the Centre; Laboratory, research and training facilities; Scientific visits to the participating States and the IAEA; Finance. Entirely in English. (148 pp., 16X24 cm, paper-bound, 23 figures) Price: US $1.00; 7/2 stg (1967) IAEA LABORATORY ACTIVITIES, FOURTH REPORT IAEA, VIENNA, 1967 STl/DOC/lO/77 FOREWORD This fourth "IAEA Laboratory Activities" report describes the work during the year 1966. It includes activities of the Agency's Laboratories at Vienna and Seibersdorf, the International Laboratory of Marine Radio- activity at Monaco, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics at Trieste, and the Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotope Centre for the Arab Countries at Cairo. The Agency expresses its gratitude to the Governments of Austria, Monaco, Italy and the United Arab Republic for their generous continued assistance. CONTENTS THE IAEA LABORATORIES AT VIENNA AND SEIBERSDORF I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. STANDARDIZATION OF MEASUREMENT AND OF ANALYTICAL METHODS RELATED TO NUCLEAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS 5 1. Calibration of radionuclides 5 1.1. Development of counting methods 1.2. Techniques associated with standardization 1. 3. Determination of constants relevant to standardization 1.4. Neutron fluence measurements 1. 5. Tritium assay for the Division of Safeguards 1.6. Distribution of radioactive standards 2. Radiation dosimetry 8 2.1. Absorbed dose measurements by calorimetry 2.2. Ferrous sulphate (Fricke) dosimeters 2.3. Lithium fluoride dosimeters 2.4. Carbohydrate dosimeters 3. Reference materials 15 3.1. Supply of analysed uranium ores 3.2. Analysed sample of uranium oxide containing trace impurities 4. Analytical quality control 17 4.1. Need for quality control of analytical procedures 4.2. Results of intercomparison runs 4.3. Average reliability of environmental analysis 5. Trace element analysis 19 III. ANALYTICAL SERVICES TO MEMBER STATES 27 1. Tunisia . 27 2. Venezuela 27 3. The Sudan 27 IV. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION RELEVANT TO THE AGENCY'S PROGRAMME 28 1. Analytical chemistry in the Safeguards Programme 28 2. Analytical chemistry in the Life Sciences Programme 28 2.1. Determination of iodine in blood 3. Studies on decomposition under radiation sterilization 30 4. Purity of commercial radiochemical preparations 31 V. NUCLEAR ENERGY APPLIED TO AGRICULTURE 33 1. Soil fertility, irrigation and crop production 33 1.1. Co-ordinated rice project 1.2. Co-ordinated maize project 1. 3. Co-ordinated research programme on tree crop fertilization 1.4. Co-ordinated programme of plant nutrient supply and movement in soils 2. Determination of nitrogen-15 concentration in nitrogen 46 3. Entomology 48 3.1. Mediterranean fruit fly 3.2. Olive fly 3.3. Tsetse fly 4. Genetics and plant breeding 50 4.1. Research on mutation induction in agricultural crop plants 4.2. Mutagen service treatments 5. Food irradiation 57 5.1. Effect of gamma irradiation on several horticultural products 5.2. Temperature dependence of PME activity 5.3. Effect of gamma irradiation on PME 5.4. Determination of cellulase activity VI. NUCLEAR ENERGY IN MEDICINE 60 1. Development of techniques and instrumentation 60 1.1. Medical activation analysis 1.2. Radioisotope scanning 1.3. Whole-body counting 1.4. Statistics of radiation measurement 2. Activities in support of laboratories in Member States 69 2.1. Protein turnover studies 2.2. Support of whole-body counting activities in Member States 3. Study of toxicity of Thorotrast in Vienna cases 71 VII. NUCLEAR ENERGY IN HYDROLOGY 72 1. Tritium 72 1.1. Enrichment by electrolysis 1.2. Enrichment by gas chromatography 1.3. Gas counting 1.4. Liquid scintillation counting 1.5. Sampling of air humidity for tritium measurement 2. Carbon-14 . 74 2.1. Extraction of carbonates from water 2.2. Proportional counter VIII. NUCLEAR ELECTRONICS SERVICE AND DEVELOPMENT 76 1. Random coincidence simulator 76 1.1. Principle of operation 1. 2. Coincidence resolution and dead-time measurement 1.3. Counting error 1.4. Measurement of differential linearity of time-to-pulse-height converters 2. Detailed discussion of the instrument 79 IX. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS, STAFF MEMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS г 81 1. Training 81 2. Laboratory equipment donated by Governments of Member States 81 3. Finance 82 4. Professional staff of the laboratory 84 5. Publications by staff members . 92 6. Papers presented at scientific meetings by staff members 93 THE INTERNATIONAL LABORATORY OF MARINE RADIOACTIVITY AT MONACO I. INTRODUCTION . 97 II. RESEARCH 98 1. Work at sea 98 1.1. Diffusion processes in the sea 1.2. Organic aggregates 1.3. Vertical transport of radionuclides by biota 2. Work in the laboratory 100 2.1. Chemistry of sea-water 2.2. Chemistry of sediments 2.3. Radiobiology of marine organisms III. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS, STAFF MEMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS 109 1. Site, facilities and equipment 109 2. Finance 109 3. Professional staff of the laboratory 110 4. Publications by staff members Ill THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS, TRIESTE I. INTRODUCTION 115 II. ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 116 1. Associate memberships 116 2. Fellowships and other positions 116 3. The Advanced School of Physics 116 4. Dissemination of scientific information 117 III. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS, STAFF MEMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS 118 1. Finance 118 2. Scientific staff 118 2.1. Elementary particle physics group 2.2. Plasma physics group 3. Scientific documents 120 3.1. Publications and preprints issued in 1966 3.2. Library and scientific information APPENDIX: STATISTICAL DIGEST 126 THE MIDDLE EASTERN REGIONAL RADIOISOTOPE CENTRE FOR THE ARAB COUNTIRES, CAIRO I. INTRODUCTION 131 II. THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME OF THE CENTRE 132 1. Training 132 2. Research 133 2.1. Hydrology 2.2. Agriculture 2.3. Entomology 2.4. Medicine III. PUBLICATIONS,
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