Documents on East Timor from PeaceNet and Connected Computer Networks Volume 25: October 1 - December 12, 1993

Published by: East Timor Action Network / U.S. P.O. Box 1182, White Plains, NY 10602 USA Tel: 914-428-7299 Fax: 914-428-7383 E-mail PeaceNet:CSCHEINER or [email protected] For additional copies, please enclose US$10. per volume to cover costs; add an extra $3. for interna- tional air mail. Activist rate: $6. domestic, $8. international. These documents are usually produced approximately every two months, and mailed to subscribers. If you would like to subscribe, send $60 for the next six issues (US), or $78 for international air mail. Reduced rate for activists: $36 in the US, $48 international. Subsidized rate are available for groups in Third World countries working on East Timor. Checks should be made out to “ETAN.” Tax- deductible contributions can be made out to “WESPAC Foundation/ETAN.” The material is grouped by subject, with articles under each category in approximately chronological order. It is also available on IBM-compatible diskette, in either Word for Windows or ASCII format. Reprinting and distribution without permission is welcomed. Much of this information is translated and supplied by TAPOL (London), Task Force Indonesia (USA), CDPM (Lisbon), CNRM, Free East Timor Japan Coalition, Mate-Bian News (Sydney) and other activists and solidarity groups, but they are not responsible for edi torial comment or selection.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

XANANA REMAINS IN PRISON ...... 6 INDONESIA TRANSFERS XANANA TO JAKARTA ...... 6 EAST TIMOR’S RESISTANCE LEADER MOVED TO JAKARTA...... 6 POSTCARDS TO XANANA CAMPAIGN ...... 6 XANANA SPEAKS OF HIS HUNGER STRIKE...... 6 XANANA GUSMÃO - ONE YEAR IN THE HANDS OF THE ENEMY...... 7 CNRM CALLS FOR XANANA RELEASE TO APEC ...... 8 INTERNATIONAL LAWYERS CONDEMN XANANA’S TRIAL...... 8 REPORT OF THE TRIAL OF JOSÉ ALEXANDRE GUSMÃO IN DILI, EAST TIMOR, IN 1993...... 8 REPORT ON XANANA’S CONDITION ...... 12

EVENTS INSIDE EAST TIMOR...... 12 SWEDISH MPS VISIT EAST TIMOR ...... 12 EAST TIMORESE SENTENCED FOR NOTE DEMANDING GOVERNMENT COMPENSATION...... 13 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN EAST TIMOR ...... 13 KONIS SANTANA WANTS TALKS WITH INDONESIA...... 14 MILITARY SAYS ONLY ABOUT 100 GUERRILLAS REMAIN IN EAST TIMOR...... 14 SCHOLARSHIPS ENDED, EAST TIMORESE STUDEN TS UPSET ...... 14 RENETIL APPEALS FOR SOLIDARITY ...... 14 INDONESIAN TROOPS BEING WITHDRAWN FROM EAST TIMOR?...... 15 GUERRILLAS KILL SIX VILLAGERS, MILITARY SAYS...... 15 TIMORESE GUERRILLAS HUNTED ...... 15 Page 2 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

KOSTRAD TROOPS TO TIMOR...... 16 GOVERNMENT SOLDIERS CONTINUE THEIR HUNT FOR REBELS...... 16 TROOPS LEAVING FOR EAST TIMOR ...... 16 TWO KOSTRAD BATTALIONS DEPART EAST TIMOR ...... 16 INDONESIAN TROOP REDUCTION IN EAST TIMOR...... 17 EAST TIMORESE GUERRILLA KILLED IN ARMED CLASHES ...... 17 EAST TIMORESE BEING TRIED FOR RIPPING INDONESIAN FLAG ...... 18 PERTAMINA TO CONDUCT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN EAST TIMOR...... 18 SECURITY TIGHTER IN TIMOR...... 18 MILITARY COMMANDER WARNS STUDENTS OVER DEMONSTRATIONS...... 18 28 MILITARY ATTACHÉS VISIT EAST TIMOR...... 19 SOME ATTACHÉS DUBIOUS...... 19 EC MILITARY ATTACHÉS DID NOT VISIT TIMOR...... 19 WHO KILLED PEOPLE IN OSOALA? ...... 19 TIMOR TROOPS NUMBER CUT ...... 20 INDONESIA PLANS TO WITHDRAW MORE TROOPS FROM EAST TIMOR...... 20 INFANT MALNOURISHMENT IN TIMOR ...... 20 EAST TIMOR GOVERNOR RULES OUT REFERENDUM ON AUTONOMY...... 20 TIMOR CHIEF OPPOSES POLL ON SELF-RULE...... 20 MILITARY PREPARES FOR PROTESTS ON ANNIVERSARY OF EAST TIMOR MASSACRE...... 21 JAKARTA STILL PAYING FOR DILI KILLINGS...... 21 ARMY UNABLE TO END TIMOR’S RESISTANCE...... 21 TWO EAST TIMOR REBELS SURRENDER TO OFFICIALS...... 22 BIBILEU: GENOCIDE ON A MASSIVE SCALE...... 22

EVENTS IN INDONESIA...... 24 MARIO CARRASCALÃO TO RUMANIA...... 24 EAST TIMOR HERO SOUGHT...... 25 ANC HAILS PLAN TO OPEN INDONESIAN CONSULATE IN SOUTH AFRICA...... 25 AUSTRALIAN & INDONESIAN AIR FORCES EXERCISE AT MEDAN ...... 25 WHAT DO INDONESIAN PEOPLE THINK OF EAST TIMOR?...... 25 MUSLIMS IN JAKARTA OPPOSED MASSACRES...... 26 INDONESIA PROTESTS PORTUGAL’S ALLEGATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES...... 26 WHITHER INDONESIAN POLITICS? ...... 26

THE TIMORESE EXTERNAL RESISTANCE ...... 27 THE PEOPLE OF EAST TIMOR AWARDED THE 1993 RAFTO HUMAN RIGHTS PRIZE ...... 27 CNRM REP RECEIVES HUMAN RIGHTS AWARD ...... 28 LEADERS AND THE PUPPET LEADERS OF EAST TIMORESE?...... 32 THE MASSACRE OF SANTA CRUZ AND THE NEW FACE OF SOLIDARITY ...... 33 RAMOS-HORTA STATEMENT IN BANGKOK...... 34 REBEL LEADER CLAIMS 150 EAST TIMORESE KILLED ...... 35 ALKATIRI CLAIMS DISMISSED BY SYAFEI ...... 35 CNRM FUNDING APPEAL ...... 35 EAST TIMOR PEACE PLAN ...... 36 JRH: “THE MOMENT OF FREEDOM APPROACHES ...... 36 1993 - A CHALLENGING YEAR FOR THE PEOPLE OF EAST TIMOR ...... 37

INDONESIA MOVES ON THE DIPLOMATIC FRONT...... 38 MANUEL MACEDO’S BUSINESS...... 38 GALVAO DE MELO GOES TO INDONESIA...... 38 INDONESIA WANTS TO SETTLE CONFLICT WITHIN FIVE MONTHS ...... 38 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 3

RECONCILIATION TALKS BOGGED DOWN...... 39 “ON GOOD TERMS WITH JAKARTA” ...... 40 DURÃO BARROSO RECEIVES INDONESIA’S FRIENDLY GENERAL ...... 40 LIURAI SUPPORT INTEGRATION ...... 40 THE CLOCK CANNOT BE PUT BACK...... 41

MARIO SOARES VISITS JAPAN...... 41 TIMOR IN SOARES-HOSOKAWA TALKS ...... 41 HOSOKAWA, SOARES SHARE HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERN IN EAST TIMOR ...... 41 SOARES APPEALS TO JAPAN ...... 42 SOARES URGES JAPAN TO PUT PRESSURE ON INDONESIA...... 42 JAPAN ASSURES SOARES OF SOLIDARITY WITH TIMOR...... 42 SOARES: DEVELOPMENT AID CANNOT BE DISASSOCIATED FROM HUMAN RIGHTS...... 43 APPEAL FOR EAST TIMOR TO SEATTLE BOUND PM HOSOKAWA...... 43

EVENTS IN AUSTRALIA...... 44 KEATING FAILS TO CONVINCE CLINTON ...... 44 SENATOR JULIAN MCGAURAN RAISES TIMOR IN AUSTRALIA...... 44 EAST TIMOR RALLY IN SYDNEY ...... 45 CHRISTIANS IN SOLIDARITY WITH EAST TIMOR ...... 45 PEACE ACTIVISTS IN RUBBER DINGIES AND KAYAKS CHALLENGE INDON WARSHIPS...... 45 FLARE FIRED AT INDONESIAN WARSHIP IN AUSTRALIA...... 46 INDONESIA - SEEING NO EVIL...... 46 UREN RECALLS WARTIME DEBT TO EAST TIMOR ...... 46 PROBLEMS FOUND IN PUSH ON EAST TIMOR ...... 47 SYDNEY SEMINAR ON EAST TIMOR...... 47 SYDNEY SEMINAR SUCCESSFUL...... 47 RALLY IN SYDNEY ON 12 NOVEMBER ...... 47 12 NOVEMBER REMEMBRANCE IN DARWIN ...... 47 DARWIN PROTESTS ON ANNIVERSARY...... 48 FORWARD LOOKING BISHOP PREACHES RECONCILIATION IN EAST TIMOR ...... 48 ABC RADIO INTERVIEWS BISHOP BELO ...... 49 A FIGURE OF COURAGE IN THE MIDST OF EAST TIMOR’S AGONY...... 49 REPORT ON AUSTRALIA’S RELATIONS WITH INDONESIA...... 50 DECEMBER 7 DEMONSTRATION IN CANBERRA...... 51 REPORT FROM FRETILIN COMMITTEE OF NSW, DEC. 8 ...... 51 TIMORESE WRITE TO AUSTRALIAN PRIME MINISTER ...... 51 DARWIN PROTESTERS BURN INDONESIAN FLAG ...... 51 THE LONG, HARD ROAD TO HOPE...... 52

EVENTS IN EUROPE...... 53 EURO MPS AND ACP SEEK TO PUT PRESSURE ON INDONESIA...... 53 INTERNATIONAL PEACE BUREAU RESOLUTION ON EAST TIMOR...... 53 SWEDEN TO END ARMS EXPORTS TO INDONESIA...... 53 AN INDONESIAN SEMINAR FOCUSED ON EAST TIMOR AND WEST PAPUA ...... 54

EVENTS IN BRITAIN...... 55 CHRIS COLE ON TRIAL FOR BAE PLOWSHARES ACTION ...... 55 BAE CASE GOES FOR RE-TRIAL...... 55 HUNG JURY FOR “BRITISH AEROSPACE PLOUGHSHARES” PEACE ACTIVIST ...... 55 CHRISTIAN PEACE ACTIVIST GOES FREE.... FI NALLY!...... 56 PEACE ACTIVIST ‘DISARMED’ BAE WARPLANES ...... 56 CAMPAIGN: EAST TIMOR TOUR IN BRITAIN...... 56 Page 4 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

THE FORGOTTEN WAR OF EAST TIMOR:...... 57 LONDON: TWO YEARS SINCE THE SANTA CRUZ MASSACRE: ...... 57 INDONESIA USED BRITISH FIGHTER JETS IN OCCUPIED EAST TIMOR ...... 57 INDONESIAN AIR FORCE SAID EYEING 16 MORE HAWK JETS ...... 58

EVENTS IN PORTUGAL...... 59 INDONESIA’S LINGUISTIC “SPELL”...... 59 MANDELA MEETS TIMORESE RESISTANCE DELEGATION...... 59 TIMORESE RESISTANCE DELEGATION ATTENDS SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL MEETING...... 59 TIMOR IS A JUST CAUSE AND MNSGR. BELO DESERVES NOBEL PRIZE...... 60

EVENTS IN CANADA...... 60 EAST TIMOR AWARENESS BENEFIT IN OTTAWA...... 60 “MANUFACTURING CONSENT” & HORTA IN OTTAWA...... 60 EAST TIMOR IGNORED ...... 61 CANADA “ONE OF THE MOST HYPOCRITICAL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD” ...... 61 EAST TIMOR TOLL ...... 61 TORONTO VIGIL FOR PEACE IN EAST TIMOR...... 62 ETAN/CANADA EAST TIMOR UPDATE NUMBER 27...... 62 NOVEMBER 12 IN OTTAWA...... 62 REFLECTIONS ON CANDLELIGHT VIGIL OUTSIDE INDONESIAN EMBASSY...... 62 NOVEMBER 12 IN CANADA – SUMMARY OF COMMEMORATIONS...... 63 EAST TIMOR UPDATE, NUMBER 28...... 63

EVENTS IN THE UNITED STATES...... 64 MIT EVENT: THE FORGOTTEN TRAGEDY OF EAST TIMOR...... 64 US, INDONESIA NEED OPEN DIALOGUE: AMBASSADOR ...... 64 U.S. COMMEMORATIONS OF DILI MASSACRE...... 64 NOVEMBER 12 IN SAN FRANCISCO...... 65 NOVEMBER 12 IN LOS ANGELES ...... 65 TIMOR ADVOCATE TO LEAD NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES...... 66 US SENATE VISITORS COMING...... 66 U.S. OFFICIALS EXPECTED TO VISIT INDONESIA ...... 66

APEC CONFERENCE MEETS IN SEATTLE...... 66 HIGHLIGHT EAST TIMOR AT APEC ...... 66 ASIAN NATIONS TAKE OWN TACK ON RIGHTS ...... 67 CLINTON: DON’T INDULGE DICTATORS AT APEC ...... 68 SENATORS ASK CLINTON TO RAISE EAST TIMOR AT APEC ...... 68 101 HOUSE MEMBERS PETITION CLINTON ON EAST TIMOR...... 69 APEC PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY TO BROADEN PERSPECTIVE...... 70 HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE APEC REGION ...... 71 PACIFIC RIM NATIONS SHARE ECONOMIC BOOM...... 74 REPORT ON ETAN ACTIVITIES AT APEC ...... 75 INDONESIA’S VIEW OF APEC ...... 76 SUHARTO DISAPPOINTED AT APEC?...... 76

DEBATE OVER U.S. ARMS SALES CONTINUES...... 76 JORDAN JET DEAL OFFICIALLY DEAD ...... 76 INDONESIA IS TEST CASE FOR EXPORT POLICY ...... 77 CAN FEINGOLD SURVIVE AUSTRALIAN-INDONESIAN LOBBY?...... 77 INDONESIAN ARMY EYES EUROPE FOR ARMS, SOURCES SAY ...... 78 INDONESIA SAYS IT WON’T BUY RUSSIAN-MADE MIG-29 JET FIGHTERS ...... 78 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 5

A DIFFERENT MESSAGE TO JAKARTA...... 79 COMMITTEE LIMITS WEAPONS FOR INDONESIA; SENATE FLOOR ACTION PENDING...... 79 THE NEGLECTED PROHIBITION: U.S. ARMS SALES...... 80 INDONESIAN MILITARY OFFICERS STILL TRAINED IN U.S...... 81 EXCERPTS FROM USIA FOREIGN PRESS CENTER BRIEFING, DECEMBER 8, 1993 ...... 81 CHOMSKY ON IMET ...... 82

CULTURAL EVENTS AND RESOURCES...... 82 EAST TIMOR PAINTINGS EXHIBITION...... 82 MY FRIEND THE SOLDIER ...... 83 INDONESIA MAGAZINES IN OZ ...... 83 UPCOMING U.S. SHOWINGS OF MANUFACTURING CONSENT: NOAM CHOMSKY AND THE MEDIA...... 83 RESOURCES FROM THE EAST TIMOR ACTION NETWORK/US ...... 84 AUTHORITARIAN STATE UNIONISM IN NEW ORDER INDONESIA...... 84 TIMOR ET TREMOR ...... 84

MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES ...... 85 TRAVELLING IN EAST TIMOR ...... 85 A REFLECTION OF THE DILI MASSACRE ...... 86 INDONESIAN TYRANNY: A PRICE WORTH PAYING...... 87 ANOTHER REVOLVING DOOR ...... 88 Page 6 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Cipinang provides better guidance to the XANANA SPEAKS OF HIS XANANA REMAINS prisoners, and such transfers were routine. IN PRISON The official, (who according to Reuter, HUNGER STRIKE refused to be named) said the 47-year old Diario de Noticias, 8 Nov. 1993. By Paula resistance leader arrived at Cipinang Prison Ferreirinha. Translated from Portuguese INDONESIA TRANSFERS late on Thursday. The official gave no fur- (Lisbon) Xanana Gusmão spent 3 weeks XANANA TO JAKARTA ther details and could not confirm whether Xanana had requested the move. on “mogok makan.” The hunger strike, al- ways denied by the Indonesian authorities, JAKARTA, Oct. 2 (Reuter) - Indonesia Diplomats said he seemed to be in good was confirmed by Xanana himself during a has moved jailed East Timorese leader health despite rumours that he had been on brief “clandestine” meeting, in Kedungpane Xanana Gusmão from a prison in central hunger strike in late August. prison, in Semarang. Java to Jakarta, a prison official said on Representatives of the International Red It was during a brief conversation, with Saturday. Cross said this week they had resumed vis- prison guards standing closely by, that the The official, who declined to be named, its to East Timorese prisoners including former leader of the Maubere Resistance said the 47-year old Fretilin leader arrived at Xanana Gusmão and planned to see them at confirmed, in a mixture of Portuguese and Jakarta’s Cipinang prison late on Thursday. regular intervals. Bahasa, that he had been on hunger strike. He had been held in Semarang since his life His interlocutor, an Indonesian human rights sentence was reduced to 20 years in August. POSTCARDS TO XANANA activist, reported the meeting with Xanana The official gave no further details and CAMPAIGN in a 10- page letter, which was then sent to could not confirm whether Xanana had re- solidarity organisations and to the Diario de quested the move. For a copy of this leaflet, contact ETAN/US Noticias (DN). The Indonesian activist Xanana was sentenced to jail in May in Xanana Gusmão, steadfast leader of the managed to enter the prison with a group of the East Timorese capital Dili on charges of East Timorese resistance and commander of other visitors and speak briefly with the illegal possession of firearms and rebellion. its military arm, was captured by the Indo- prisoner, before the latter was transferred to After 17 years as a guerrilla leader he was nesian army on November 20, 1992. He was Cipinang, after his hunger strike. captured last November. charged with rebellion and conspiracy, de- After a long wait, and even under the Diplomats said that despite rumours that nied his own attorney, tried by the Indone- alert eyes and ears of two guards, the DN’s he had been on hunger strike in late August sian occupier’s courts, not allowed to ad- source made the most of “that difficult op- he seemed to now be in good health. dress the judge, and sentenced to twenty portunity” to get confirmation of the ru- Representatives of the Geneva-based In- years in prison. We reaffirm the intelligence mours about the hunger strike. ternational Committee of the Red Cross and generosity of a man who, in such diffi- Xanana was resolute in his convictions, (ICRC) said this week they had resumed cult circumstances, has kept alive his own refusing “criminal” prisoner status. “This is visits to East Timorese prisoners in Indone- dignity and the struggle of his people. a prison for rehabilitating criminals. I can- sia, including Xanana, and planned to see not, nor will not, recuperate, because I am them at regular intervals. To commemorate the not a criminal. So why should I have to stay FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF HIS EAST TIMOR’S RESISTANCE here?,” he asked. He seemed determined to ARREST LEADER MOVED TO JAKARTA do all he could in order to be transferred to And show the Indonesian leadership the the Cipinang political prison, and not to UPI and Reuter, 2 October 1993. Abridged gathering strength of international opinion, continue in Semarang, a prison meant to Comment: This transfer represents a small the Lisbon-based “Freedom for Xanana, house common criminals. victory for Xanana Gusmão. TAPOL knows Freedom for East Timor” Commission is The guerrilla’s other concern was his from a totally reliable source that Xanana organizing this campaign of solidarity with family. “Xanana told me that the request for did go on hunger strike after being trans- Xanana and with all Timorese political pris- permission to say goodbye to his parents ferred to Kedungpane prison in Semarang oners. and sisters in Dili had been denied.” What is partly because he strongly objected to being Send a postcard to Xanana. He may not more, most of his personal belongings had held with criminal prisoners. It is likely that be allowed to receive it, but his captors will been taken away from him, when he trans- he conveyed his objections to the Interna- know the people of the world are paying ferred from Dili prison to Semarang. It was tional Red Cross team that visited him re- attention. to protest about this situation that Xanana cently and possible to conclude that the You can express the solidarity and decided to embark on the hunger strike transfer to Jakarta more than likely hap- friendship of the American people with the (mogok makan). A nun, who had been visit- pened on the recommendation of the Red Timorese people, or any other message of ing Xanana since his arrival, as well as his Cross. The transfer does not detract one iota support. Write to: cell mates, confirmed that the hunger strike from the illegality and injustice of his sen- José Alexandre “Xanana” Gusmão had lasted for 3 weeks (and not two, as the tence and imprisonment. Lembaga Permasyaratan Kelas I Cipinang Indonesian activist thought he had under- Jalan Raya Bekasi Timur no. 170 stood from Xanana). (Jakarta) Government authorities have Jatinegara-Jakarta, Indonesia moved East Timorese resistance leader “At first, he was so weak that he had to “The question of East Timor is the re- be helped to walk from his cell (which he Xanana Gusmão from his cell in Central sponsibility of the international community Java to Jakarta’s Cipinang Prison, an official shares with two other prisoners) to the and a question of international law.” - place where religious activities take place.” said Saturday. Xanana Gusmão Baharuddin Lopa, chief of the Prison His two cell mates are drivers, accused of Service, said the transfer of a prisoner is murder. Our source regretted that he had possible once it is decided that he would be been unable to meet them, and had not man- better off in the new place. He also said that aged to see the conditions in the cell where Xanana was being held. Our source was East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 7 certain that, since Xanana was transferred to When he was put on that illegal trial, Free Xanana Committee reported regu- Semarang prison on 12 August, he had not Xanana Gusmão watched closely the pro- larly to the community through the Portu- been able to write as he had no pen. His pen ceedings in an attempt to try to understand guese language newspapers, information had been confiscated so as to stop him from how the process is developing and to what pamphlets, and also community meetings. communicating with the outside. “Later, extent he can protect himself and launch his All the proceeds from the fundraisings per- however, someone gave him a pen, right in offensive. Xanana knew how to use the taining to the various activities carried out front of the guards. I also learned that a nun BAIS appointed Indonesian lawyer, Sud- by the Committee to fulfill its duties were offered to send out letters to his family, if jono, and through him, acquired as much reported to the Community; in the last he so wished.” The historic Maubere leader knowledge as the circumstances allowed meeting (17 July 1993) which FXC organ- “never lost his deep sense of fellowship about the pros and cons of his situation. As ised for the Community in NSW, the Com- towards his companions. He suggested to a result, he let the IN take the upper hand mittee presented its comprehensive report - the prison guards that they allow a pastoral until the last day. In the early stage of the activities and finance - to the Timorese team to organise monthly discussion groups, trial, Xanana appealed to the journalists (in Community in NSW. at which the prisoners could talk about their English) to wait until the end! Many jour- The Timorese communities in other problems, namely, the need for help in rein- nalists understood what he meant but none states also were very active in supporting tegration following certain prison terms.” really expected what Xanana was going to Xanana. Continuous and well organised What the Indonesian activist found most do...in the end! actions took place as the circumstances moving was Xanana’s concern about the In the end, Xanana Gusmão, challenged developed, to attack the crimes the govern- family of the policeman, where he was at the right of the Indonesian lawyer to repre- ment of Indonesia has been perpetrating the time of his arrest. “He wanted to ask for sent him and issued to the world his histori- against the people of East Timor in this last help to send 250,000 Rupees (about 17.500 cal statement that killed the Indonesian gen- 18 years. Escudos) to that family in Dili.” erals “trial” which was, at best, a mockery The campaign against the occupation is “Xanana’s relatives also heard the news of justice. now also synonymous of freedom for of this meeting. His sister “was very happy This first year marked a tremendous test Xanana; hence, the motto “Free Xanana, when I told her about his conditions in for all the Timorese and the political forces Free East Timor” - adopted by the interna- prison because, since the Easter 1993 visit, that operate within this framework which tional solidarity movement for East Timor. his family in Dili had not been allowed to one can call “Free East Timor.” From unex- Therefore, the campaign to free Xanana is see or speak to him.” On 11th August, the pected quarters, we heard the accusation of the campaign to free East Timor; that is, day he was moved from Dili, the family, “he was not a leader since August 1992” or whenever we campaign to free East Timor, with the help of his defence lawyer, re- “Xanana is a traitor...,” etc. From the soli- it is a campaign to free Xanana! That is quested permission to see him for the last darity movement in general, there was a what the Timorese who campaign to free time. But even “this simple request to say moment of uncertainty, specially during the East Timor have been doing since the motto goodbye was denied them.” earlier period of Xanana’s trial. was adopted. And...it does serve the global The brief conversation lasted for just as Timorese Communities around the world, strategy to free East Timor. long as the prison guards were not suspi- in general, in spite of an obvious lack of The Lisbon-based “Free Xanana, Free cious. Someone even managed to pass him political direction which led to a prolonged East Timor” Commission launched the cam- some paper and envelopes. state of confusion, managed to sustain the paign “send a message to Xanana” to mark impact of the Indonesian campaign since the first anniversary of Xanana’s imprison- XANANA GUSMÃO - ONE day one! In Sydney, the Timorese commu- ment. Matebian News/ETI&DC gave all the YEAR IN THE HANDS nity elected democratically what became support to this campaign and launched an known as the “Free Xanana Committee.” A appeal for the general public to support it. OF THE ENEMY Committee made up of many committed Matebian News/ETI&DC distributed 800 volunteers which succeeded in upholding the copies of Matebian News (November issue) From Mate-Bian News, Nov. 20 pride and dignity of the Timorese people, where the appeal is written in page 03. On the 20th of November, Xanana Gus- defending unequivocally, the Symbol of the The Timorese activists in Darwin and mão, the Symbol of the Timorese National Timorese National Resistance - Kay Rala Melbourne are preparing support for this Resistance against the illegal occupation of Xanana Gusmão. Free Xanana Committee campaign too. We appeal to you all to sup- East Timor, will complete one year in the was always active in defending Xanana. It port this campaign not just as a single action hands of the enemy, the Indonesian military sent a lawyer to be present in the farce trial, to mark this first anniversary but, above all, criminals, or, as Xanana himself put it, in aiming at adding international pressure to continuously reach Xanana Gusmão in- the hands of BAIS - Indonesian Secret Intel- against the enemy and expressing to Xanana side the Indonesian murderous walls which ligence Service. that his friends are alert. The lawyer pre- they call “Cipinang.” Reaching Xanana is Immediately after Xanana was captured, sented his report to the community in Sy d- breaking the walls of silence and crimes Pres. gen. Suharto issued a statement de- ney; Free Xanana Committee defended tire- against the people of East Timor. We, there- manding that “the GPK must be put on lessly the Symbol of the Timorese National fore, appeal to you all to support and act on trial.” Xanana Gusmão faced his enemies Resistance against all forms of campaigns this campaign. Please see Matebian News, with pride and dignity. He applied his strat- mounted by the Indonesian generals to dis- November issue, page 03. egy of “one bullet, one soldier” and devised credit the Resistance of the Timorese Peo- Your message to Xanana can be sent to all the steps accordingly. He new that he ple. Free Xanana Committee also actively the International Committee of Red Cross, could only count with himself, and nobody encouraged the completion of a video high- Head Office in Melbourne; this office of the else; he knew that the international commu- lighting Xanana’s role in the struggle and, ICRC will pass the messages to Xanana nity, in principle, was (and is on his side) specially, Xanana as a human being. In spite when possible. If you do have a better way but he was also aware that the enemy had of all the difficult circumstances surrounding to reach Xanana with these messages, if the ultimate edge as far as his life is con- the trial itself, the video was released in an advisable, please let us know too. Let’s cerned. almost perfect time -the end of the “trial.” make this a whole year campaign. Page 8 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

CNRM CALLS FOR Boutros Boutros Ghali, are aimed at achiev- Mr. Dowd concluded, “The international ing a just and internationally acceptable community should condemn the trial and XANANA RELEASE TO AP EC solution to the question of East Timor. A bring pressure to bear on the Indonesian Media release from CNRM, Darwin, Nov. need for such a solution was even acknowl- Government to grant a new trial in accor- 20, 1993 edged by Indonesian Foreign Minister, Ali dance with international law.” Alatas, as recently as September this year John Dowd 233 2475 for copies of the On the first anniversary of the capture of said Mr. Gusmão. report; Rodney Lewis 633 1777 for com- East Timorese Leader Xanana Gusmão, In his statement read to the court in Dili ment; Tony Simpson 313 6563 for comment South East Asian Representative of the Xanana appealed to the international com- National Council of Maubere Resistance, munity to understand that it is time to show REPORT OF THE TRIAL OF JOSÉ José Gusmão has said that he hopes that the that the New World Order is about to begin. ALEXANDRE GUSMÃO IN DILI, US, Japanese and Australian leaders will This requires acts that will bring to an end EAST TIMOR, IN 1993 take the opportunity to remind President the situation inherited from the past....The Suharto that the presence of Xanana Gus- question of East Timor is the responsibility The following is the full text. mão is essential at talks on the future of of the international community, a question The trial of Xanana Gusmão in Dili was East Timor if any meaningful long term of international law. It is a case in which observed at different times by two member solution is to be arrived at. universal principles are at stake and the of the Australian section of the International Xanana Gusmão is the Commander in universal pattern of law, peace and justice.... Commission of Jurists (ASICJ), and draws Chief of the East Timorese Military Forces, Mr. Gusmão said that he hoped that o the reports each of them. The reports FALINTIL, and undisputed leader of the APEC would mark the beginning of the real include the members’ observations and the Maubere people of East Timor. He was implementation of the policies of the New result of discussions with witnesses and captured in Dili, the capital of East Timor, World Order. He reiterated that the release those involved n the trial, as well as other on 20 November 1992 by members of the of Xanana allowing him to participate in the documentary material. Indonesian military. Mr. Gusmão said that peace talks would be a meaningful step in The members were Mr. David Lucas (a rather, than being held as a prisoner of war this process. Melbourne solicitor from the Victorian as required by international law, Xanana For more information contact José Gus- Chapter of the ASICJ), and Mr. Tony was tried before an Indonesian Court with mão on (089) 275478 0r (016) 373 167. Simpson (a Sydney solicitor and member of no legitimate jurisdiction to entertain the the ASICJ Executive). Mr. Rodney Lewis (a charges against him. At the completion of INTERNATIONAL LAWYERS Sydney solicitor and member of the ASICJ the show trial staged by the Indonesian Executive) was denied a visa to attend the occupying forces Xanana was sentenced to CONDEMN XANANA’S TRIAL trial, but prepared and submitted a report, life imprisonment. Since that time, in an Media Release, 24 November 1993. From The Mis-trial of Xanana Gusmão, on which attempt to appease the concern of the International Commission of Jurists, Austra- this report is based United States and others, the Indonesian lian Section. GPO Box 173, Sydney 2001 INTRODUCTION President Suharto reduced the sentence from Australia On 20th November, 1992 the leader of life to 20 years. Mr. Gusmão said that in an the East Timorese resistance movement, Indonesian gaol 20 years was for all intents The Australian Section of the Interna- Xanana Gusmão, was capture by Indonesian and purposes a life sentence. tional Commission of Jurists (ASICJ) today troops in Dili, East Timor. Gusmão, was The Resolution passed with the support release a report which is highly critical of captured by Indonesian troops in Dili, East of the European Community, the United the trial of East Timorese resistance leader, Timor. Gusmão had led the military wing of States and Australia in the UN Human Xanana Gusmão. FRETILIN, the party claiming to have Rights Commission earlier this year, ac- In releasing the report, ASICJ Chairman broadest support among the people, in 1980 knowledges the illegality of Indonesia’s John Dowd QC claimed the trial breached following the death of its former leader actions in trying Xanana. natural justice and international law. Nicolau Lobato. The capture took place just Since the end of the trial members of his “The trial was conducted in breach of in- a little over a year after the Dili massacre at family and the International Red Cross have ternational standards of fairness and correct which member of the Indonesian Military all been denied access to visit Xanana. procedure. It breached international law as Forces opened fire with automatic weapons Xanana has been removed from the occupied well as Indonesian law,” Mr. Dowd said. on a crowd of several thousand people out- territory of East Timor in breach of the The report was released to mark the first side the Santa Crux cemetery. The arrest of Geneva Convention. He was first held in a anniversary, last weekend, of the arrest of Gusmão once again focused international gaol for common criminals in Semarang, Xanana Gusmão by Indonesian authorities. attention upon an issue which has troubled Central Java, and after his second hunger Mr. Gusmão was arrested one year after the international relations between Indonesia strike, his captors have moved him to Cipi- Dili massacre of November 1991. and Portugal, Australia, the United King- nang, a gaol for political prisoners in Jakarta. Two members of the Australian Section dom, Japan, the United States and many Here he is even denied writing materials said of the ICJ visited Dili, the capital of East other countries since 1975. Indonesian au- Mr. Gusmão. Timor, to observe the trial and to discuss thorities announced that they planned to Mr. Gusmão said that he hoped that US, legal issues and the evidence against Gusmão charge Gusmão with rebellion and firearms Japanese and Australian leaders would take with those involved in the trial. possession offences, the latter carrying a the opportunity of using the inaugural The report concluded that Gusmão’s trial maximum penalty of death. APEC meeting in Seattle this week to press lacked procedural fairness, and was incon- East Timor had been a colony of Portugal home to Indonesian President Suharto the sistent with international principals of natu- for some 450 years until, in 1974, Portugal need for the immediate and unconditional ral justice. It found that Indonesia breached itself underwent its own change of political release of Xanana so that he could partici- international covenants on human rights, and mindset. There was a military coup and as a pate in UN sponsored peace talks. These called on the Indonesian authorities to set result of the turmoil which was taking place talks, chaired by the UN Secretary General aside the trial. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 9

in Portugal, political groups in East Timor that demonstration was terminated by the XANANA GUSMÃO came into conflict and there was a clash of unconstrained firing into the crowd by some Gusmão was born in Mana Tuto, East arms. On 28th November 1975, FRETILIN of the military forces present with auto- Timor on 20th June 1946. He was the sec- declared independence of East Timor and on matic weapons resulting in heavy loss of life ond son of nine children and studied for four 30th November, a coalition of parties called and serious injury. years in a Jesuit seminary in the mountains for the integration of the colony with Indo- There have been a number of reports and overlooking Dili and also attended Dili High nesia. accounts of the brutality towards the East School. He completed three years compul- On 7th December, the Indonesia military Timorese people, and the suffering which sory military service in the colonial Portu- landed in force around Dili launching a de- has become a hallmark of the struggle in the guese forces and later, worked in the colonial termined effort to subdue all opposition. In armed resistance to the Indonesian occupa- administration Local Government Depart- July, 1976 East Timor was proclaimed as tion. Perhaps one of the best official insights ment. the 27th Province of the Republic of Indo- into the level and strength of the havoc Xanana Gusmão married in October, nesia. From that time, Indonesia has stead- which was wreaked by the FRETILIN resis- 1969 and has two children whom he has not fastly refused to accommodate, much less tance forces is to be discovered in the list of seen since 1975. His wife and children now accede to, the protests of the many peoples the prosecution’s charges which was brogue live in Melbourne. He sought to emigrate to groups and nations which have objected to against Gusmão by the authorities at the Australia in 1974 and visit Darwin in that the integration of the Province. outset of his trial. The charges went into year. In the same year, he became a member The United Nations General Assembly some detail in describing particular armed of FRETILIN. has adopted resolutions calling for the with- attacks and raids which the FRETILIN Gusmão was captured at a hide-out at the drawal of Indonesia military forces and the forces had engaged in, following Gusmão’s home of close relatives of the FRETILIN U.N. has never recognised the integration of appointment as Supreme Commander of the representatives in Lisbon, Abilio Araujo. East Timor into Indonesia. It still regards FRETILIN army. The incidents were de- They, together with several others were Portugal as the administering authority. tailed from 19th June, 1980 through to 5th arrested at the time. Xanana Gusmão was It is put by those that defend Indonesia’s November, 1992, many of which involved asleep n an underground room especially action since the invasion the “integration” the killing of Indonesian soldiers, the taking built for the purpose and accessible only has brought with it increasing development of firearms and other possessions and the thorough a trap door concealed under a under programs established and imple- burning of property. wardrobe. He had been using the hideout for mented by the Indonesian government. By To provide some insight into the insight a considerable period of time. the Indonesian account the number of of the military forces charged with maintain- Some days after his capture, Xanana schools grew from 47 elementary, 2 middle ing order in East Timor and the atmosphere Gusmão appeared on State television in and 1 high school in 1974 to 579 elemen- into which the witnesses were required to discussion with the governor of East Timor, tary, 90 middle and 39 high schools and 3 give their testimony at the trial some fifteen Abilio Soares. He called upon his followers colleges in 1992. There has also been an months later, it is salutary to recall the in the armed resistance to surrender to the increase in hospital and health clinic estab- words of the Chief of the Indonesian Armed Indonesian Military authorities. lishment and 20 kms of paved roads in 1974 Forces (as he then was ) General Try Su- THE TRIAL and has been increased to a claimed total of trisno uttered two days after the Dili massa- 536kms of asphalt roads throughout Timor cre and reported in a Jakarta newspaper on According to the prosecution, Gusmão in 1992. In 1991, the province received 14th November 1991, - “ABRI is deter- was accused of taking over the position of US$170m in Indonesia government grants mined to exterminate anyone who disrupts Supreme Commander of the FRETILIN which was 100 times the average yearly stability.” army in 1980 following which there was an development expenditure in the final period After the Dili massacre the Indonesian attack on security post resulting in two of Portuguese rule. It is clear enough that the Government instituted an inquiry known as member of the Indonesian security forces province was appallingly neglected during the Djaelani Commission, so named after its being shot dead and three being wounded. the Portuguese colonial era. Chairman, and as a result some charges were There then followed in the document a cata- Since the Indonesian invasion in Decem- laid against the military. Whilst there has logue of activities of the armed resistance ber, 1975 both sides in the political and been considerable disquiet expressed on two movements from 1981 through to Novem- military conflict have shed a great deal of grounds - not only at the disparity of sen- ber, 1992. Gusmão was also accused of blood. The armed resistance movement is tences passed on the military as opposed as establishing a communication network clearly supported by people in the towns passed on the marches but also that the which extended not only to other Indonesian and villages for, if it were otherwise, the military were charged with military offences provinces but also internationally and in- resistance would have failed soon after “in- rather than under the normal Criminal Code cluded appointing José Ramos Horta as the tegration.” The latest manifestation of the whilst the marchers were generally charged special C.N.R.M. representative, being in- resistance and a remarkable event the size of under the controversial Anti-Subversion terviewed by foreign journalists including which did not have any parallel in modern Laws - nonetheless the attitude and reaction Robert Domm of Australia and commanding (post 1975) Timorese history was the dem- of the Indonesian Government was generally one Costansio Pinto to organise the co- onstration which tool place on 12th No- favourably received by the international ordinate the demonstration in November, vember, 1991 by several thousand people community. 1991 upon the arrival in Dili of the United who marched from the Motael Church near Indonesia also agreed to and co-signed the Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, the Dili harbour, up the hill to the Santa Commission of the Human Rights Resolu- Professor Kooijmans, by taking advantage Cruz cemetery. Formerly, the military au- tion at the 48th session reference of the congregation of a mass at the Motael thorities would have immediately taken E/CN.4/1992/L.10/ADD.12 in response to Church. Gusmão was further accused of steps to prevent such a large gathering tak- international concern with that incident, and being arrested in possession of several fire- ing place, especially one which had the po- perhaps also concern at the overall position arms with ammunition. tential for protest against integration and for in East Timor. In response to the charges the defen- self determination. As is now notorious, dant’s counsel presented a document which Page 10 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. challenged the jurisdiction of the Court to Mauhudo to take a letter from Xanana vant by the judges.” The statement had been try the accused, called an Eksepsi. In it the Gusmão to Costansio Pinto, the leader of eagerly awaited by many legal, diplomatic defence canvassed the political history of the Executive Committee in Dili, urging him and press observers, both within Timor and East Timor, the emergence of FRETILIN to hold a demonstration on 12th November, outside because of the extreme difficulty, and its establishment as a group which had 1991; the letter was then passed on to encountered by all who had taken a direct consistently sought independence for East Gregorio Saldanha who had the task of ar- interest in his case, in anticipating just what Timor. FRETILIN had always wanted to ranging the demonstration. Saldanha received Gusmão was intending to say. That diffi- establish a separate state and therefore did a life sentence in 1992 for his involvement in culty arose because of the isolation imposed not recognise the administration nor the new the organisation of the demonstration result- upon him by his captors and the contro- legal system which was imposed by Indone- ing in the “Dili massacre” after being found versy about the choice of legal representa- sia after integration. It was submitted that guilty under the Anti Subversion Act, and tion. the Dili District Court and is jurisdiction Costansio Pinto after remaining in hiding for Despite the best efforts of the Indonesian only came into existence long after the months, later escaped from East Timor and authorities to suppress the document, the establishment of FRETILIN. It concluded has sought refuge in Portugal. defence pleas of Xanana Gusmão has now that the court had no authority to try the An incident of significance occurred when been translated into English and other lan- accused and a declaration to that effect was Saturnino da Costa Belo presented himself guages and is available for scrutiny by the sought. The Court composed of the judges, to give evidence on 4th March. At the onset international community. He begins by the most senior of which was Hieronymous he exclaimed: “Viva Independencia! Viva thanking the judges for the opportunity of Godang S.H., would not accede to these Timor Leste! Viva Xanana!” The judge or- expressing himself freely without coercion arguments. dered him to sit down but instead he contin- of any kind (presumably confident that he The witnesses who appeared for the ued with his defiance saying: “I ask the would at least be allowed to finish). “This is prosecution and the substance of their tes- government of Indonesia to respect human the appropriate moment for me to explain timony confirmed the allegations which rights in East Timor.” the hearing was sus- everything.” He then goes on to affirm, once contained in the prosecutions list of charges. pended at that point and the witness re- and for all, that he is “like all Timorese, a On 11th December after the Court decide to moved and a doctor called in to examine him. Portuguese citizen, and before my own con- proceed with the trial instead of acceding to About 45 minutes later the doctor informed science I am a citizen of East Timor.” the defence objections to its jurisdiction, the Court that the witness had a “mental “The U.N. recognises as legitimate all Mr. Sudjono announced his intention to disorder” and was unfit to appear. means of opposition to the colonial pres- appeal that decision and told the press: “I Following this incident, the pre-prepared ence in any part of the world where people am appealing to the High Court over the statement of the witness was then read to are fighting for liberation. My struggle and Judge’s decision because integration is not the court. In a telling omission, Suara Timor the resistance of my people ... should be valid juridically and is still an issue at the Timur merely carried the statement that placed in this context, standing above Indo- United Nations.” “although Saturnino was unable to attend, nesian law... the key question in this Court On 15th February four witnesses who with the permission of the (Court) his is the so- called process of the integration of were members of the Armed Forces of The statement from the interrogation report was East Timor.” Republic of Indonesia (ABRI) testified. read out.” “Mr. Peter Kooijmans... the rapporteur On 16th February Gusmão told the court In all, 20 witnesses appeared for the of the United Nations (was) sent to East that he was willing to accept responsibility prosecution, the last of whom gave evidence Timor with the agreement of Jakarta to in- for the crimes of his followers who had on 18th March. A further review of the trial vestigate... violations of human rights.... carried out various FRETILIN activities timetable took place against the background during his visit a massacre was perpetuated over the previous 16 years in the forest of of the need to complete the case within a in cold blood... the corpses have disap- Timor. framework of 120 days as provided by the peared to this day or rather, were thrown On 22nd February Gusmão’s capture Criminal Procedure Code. Beyond that time, into mass graves. Where? Only the forces of former deputy, Mauhudo, gave evidence of it appears that defendants in Indonesia occupation know. Many of the murderers the operations and hierarchy within the would otherwise be released from detention are present in this room, men from Kopas- FRETILIN movement. He spoke of his if their trials exceeded that time limit - a sus, INTEL, the men in whose hands the association with Gusmão from 1977. he was result which in the case of Xanana Gusmão, entire political life in East Timor and also of asked that Xanana Gusmão’s policy line the authorities were rather keen to avoid. Indonesia rests. was to which he replied: “To struggle for On 13th May, 1993, the defendant, Gusmão then referred to some of the in- East Timorese independence. Then the Xanana Gusmão, produced a 26 page hand- timidation which had apparently been oc- combat wing, FALINTIL, was divided into written statement in Portuguese, however, curring: “Many witnesses who ere brought six sections to carry out ambushes on the he was prevented from reading it by the here were inhibited from saying what they Indonesian army, attack army post to steal Court on the basis that it was first required wanted to say.” He referred to the earlier arms and ammunition and to steal goods to be translated into the Indonesian lan- incident involving the exclamation of the from the army and civilians.” guage. A further session of the Court was witness, Saturnino: “ The hastily drafted On Thursday, 4th March the prosecution appointed for 17th May. One point which medical statement stating that Saturnino was produced two further witnesses, Luis Car- was immediately noted by observers. how- ill should make you blush with shame, all doso and Saturnino da Costa Belo. They ever, was that Gusmão had contradicted his you gentlemen here present , because you were expected to tell of Xanana Gusmão’s earlier assertion which had been made at the know very well that the question rests here activities during more than 16 years in the star of the trial that he was an Indonesian with you.” jungle. Saturnino was accused of involve- citizen. Gusmão deals with the military and po- ment in the 12th November demonstration On 17th May Xanana Gusmão was per- litical situation in general in saying: “The and was serving 12 year goal sentence in mitted at last to commence reading his de- Indonesian generals should be made to real- Baucau, East Timor. He was accused of fence plea but “he was stopped after a few ise that they have been defeated in East being a FRETILIN courier, assigned by minutes - his defence was considered irrele- Timor. Here today is the commander of East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 11

FALINTIL, the glorious armed forces of Representatives of Amnesty Interna- ter... refusing their offer. My initial letter national liberation of East Timor, to ac- tional were refused permission to attend the which had been intercepted was returned to knowledge military defeat on the ground. I trial. Mr. Rodney Lewis although accredited me.” am not ashamed to say so. On the contrary, by the IBA London and the Law Council of Ultimately he appointed Sudjono, which I am proud of the fact that a small guerilla Australia, was denied a visa. On the day on produced controversy in the Indonesia legal army was able to resist in a cowardly fash- which Gusmão was finally to be heard in his community and claims that he was com- ion invaded us and want to dominate us by own defence, it appears the military con- promised by his close association with the the law of terror and crime, by the law of trived to hinder all foreign observers. There defendant’s captors Sudjono, on his own violence, persecution, prison, torture and were no diplomatic or legal observers pre- account rang his former student and friend murder. The moment has come for Jakarta sent on that day. “Overbooked” flights an after seeing him on television with Xanana to recognise its political defeat on the other travel problems were blamed for the Gusmão and eventually took the brief. ground...” obstructions. When asked in a subsequent interview His earlier contrived recantations fade Again, the defendant himself has his say ‘you’re known as a lawyer famous for being into an embarrassing part of Indonesian on this contentious issue in the following close to the police and bureaucracy,” he history as he make his own personal state- terms: replied, “What’s wrong with that? Why ment about the struggle in which he has and “Here is this so-called Court, I see only should they my enemy?... That’s how I will engage himself: “I can never recognise Indonesians and above all, Indonesian mili- make my living” the criminal occupation of East Timor, only tary (from the Intelligence services.) Ac- INTERNATIONAL AND INDONESIAN in order to be able to live for a few more cording to Indonesian law, trials of this na- LAW APPLICABLE years. My struggle is superior to my life. ture are, or should take place in public. The people of East Timor have sacrificed Every time I enter this courtroom, the pub- Indonesia is a member of the United Na- their lives and continue to suffer. ...from lic I see are these same military authorities, tions although it is not a signatory to the today, I will start a hunger strike as a practi- some of whom have been the main actors in International Covenant on Civil and Political cal ways to appeal to the European commu- y case, throughout my imprisonment. The Rights (ICCPR). The ICCPR is, however, a nity, the United States Government and the Timorese, my compatriots, are out in the convenient measurer by which the legal government of Australia.” street under strict surveillance. This is the systems of the members nations of the U.N. On 21st May, 1993 the District Court at blatant rule of the occupier.” may assessed. Dili found Xanana Gusmão guilty of all The Asia Watch observer who attend the On 10th December, 1948 the General charges and sentenced him to life imprison- trial for a short period remarked that the Assembly of the U.N. adopted what is con- ment. On 4th June the defendant’s counsel, trial had not been open to the public and sidered to be the authoritative guide to the Mr. Sudjono announced in Jakarta that he noted the requirement for identification and interpretation of the U.N. Charter in the had lodged an application for clemency to be checking of names against a list at two form of the Universal Declaration of Human submitted to the President of Indonesia. checkpoints. Reference was also made to Rights (UDHR). According to reports, neither the application one taxi driver who was apparently so in- Article 10 of the UDHR provides “Eve- or Sudjono’s authority to apply for the timidated that he did not wish to drive near ryone is entitled... to a fair and public hear- exercise of discretion by the President was the courthouse. ing by an independent and impartial Tribu- signed by Gusmão himself. In view of the There was a controversy at the outset of nal, in the determination of .. (a).. criminal apparently unshakable convictions of the the trial when it became clear to some ob- charge against him.” defendant as expressed in his final defence servers that the defendant may not have Article 3 of the ICCPR provides that, in plea, it is curious to say the least that an been free to choose his legal representatives the determination of a criminal charge, eve- application for clemency should be made so as provided by Indonesian law. The Legal ryone is entitled to certain minimum guaran- shortly thereafter on his behalf by his own Aid Institute base in Jakarta which had ac- tees, namely:- defence counsel. tively and vigorously defended a number of (b)...to communicate with counsel of his the Dili massacre defendants the previous own choosing (d)...to defend him- THE CONDUCT OF THE TRIAL self...through legal assistance of his own Under the provisions of the Indonesian year was rejected. Instead, Gusmão chose a Jakarta lawyer from a list of options pre- choosing (e)...to obtain the attendance and Criminal Code a trial of this kind is con- examination of witnesses on his own behalf ducted in a court which is to be open to the sented to him by the authorities. It was quite clear that he was interrogated for under the same conditions as witnesses public. Indeed, subversion and other politi- against him cal trials are often the subject of intense lengthy periods after his arrest without having access to any lawyer, let alone one of The Covenant allows that the public and public interest and it is not unusual in Indo- press may be excluded from the trial for nesia for crowds to throng the courtroom his choice. Since accessed to the accused was, with reasons of public order or national security. and its immediate environs. The Court offi- However, in his case, the authorities, al- cials often set up a public address system so rare exceptions, reserved to his lawyer, the choice in this case was critical to questions though concerned about security, did not that the crowds outside the Courtroom may use these issues as an excuse for the im- better hear the proceedings. concerning many observers, such as whether overt (or perhaps even vicarious) physical pediments to observers and public during East Timor is claimed by the Indonesian the trial. government to be an “open” province. That or mental intimidation was being applied him. There are a number of relevant provisions is to say, although there are large numbers of of the Indonesian Criminal Code or KUHAP troops, it is possible for Indonesians them- The truth was eventually revealed by the defendant himself in the “irrelevant” defence which are of assistance. They may be sum- selves, as well as foreign visitors to Indone- marised as follows - sia, to come and go to the province without statement - “on 22nd December, I read a letter to me by the (Legal Aid Institute). On S.52 - when interrogated the suspect hindrance. Regrettably, this claim of open- must be in a position to speak freely with- ness is not borne out by the reality. 23rd December I replied to (them) accepting a lawyer, but I was compelled to renounce out any pressure being brought to bear upon it. On 30th December I had to write a let- him by anyone and in any form. Page 12 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

2.54,60 - the right to be assisted by the the decision of the Court should be annulled REPORT ON XANANA’S counsel of one’s choice - if none is chosen a and therefore this issue and all others ap- lawyer is assigned automatically where the propriately relevant should be raised with a CONDITION sentence is death or imprisonment for more higher Court upon appeal. By: FRETILIN Committee of NSW, Dec. 13 than 15 years. * the extraordinary decision of the Court 2.65 - the defendant has the right to seek to deny to the defendant the right to address 1. We have been informed by reliable and submit witnesses who are favourable to it must rank as an injustice an unfairness of sources that Xanana Gusmão has just been him the first order. visited by International Red Cross delegates 2.153 (4) - it is the duty of the Judge to This was no ordinary trial, not least be- who were accompanied by his closest rela- ensure that nothing is done no questions are cause the defendant was facing the death tives. asked which would cause the defendant or a penalty. For this reason such an irregularity Xanana Gusmão was visited for three witness not to be free to answer. To do so in proceedings must offend article 10 of the consecutive days, namely on the 9th, 10th must result in an annulment of the decision Universal Declaration and all the rules of the and 11th of December 93. S.117 - makes the same provision for natural justice and fairness. If the Court According to the same sources, Xanana is witnesses took the view the defence statement was under strict camera surveillance. 2.159 - empowers the court with the au- irrelevant shortly after it was commenced, it Xanana has made an appeal to all East thority to compel the appearance of wit- deprived itself of the benefit of hearing the Timorese to support Konis Santana, the nesses remainder of the statement and by defini- leader of the political and armed front of the S.153 - all cases are to be heard in public tion, of dispensing justice without the aid of resistance. except cases involving morals or juveniles. the very material which it had to review. 2. We have been informed last Thursday, A majority of members of the United Na- 9 December 1993 that Xanana has been BREACHES OF INTERNATIONAL complaining, about the conditions in Cipi- AND INDONESIAN LAW tions General Assembly when last they were called upon to vote on the question nang prison centre. He was reported as say- The Australian Section concludes:- denied Indonesia the right to remain and by ing that he has been unable to sleep due to * There has been a serious breach of in- inference the application of it’s domestic the mosquito bites. ternational human rights standards and of law to East Timor. In particular the Security 3. The situation in East Timor remain un- Indonesian law in connection with the de- forces but has been ignored. Indonesia then changed. fendant’s right to counsel of his own choos- has been “convicted” at it’s own “trial” on People are arrested, interrogated, tor- ing (ART 3, ICCPR: s54, KUHAP) the question of recognition of sovereignty tured, detained and released but rearrested * The reported outright refusal of the and of jurisdiction. again after a few days afterwards, every Governor of East Timor to allow any local time a foreign delegation is to visit East Government officials to testify for the de- CONCLUSIONS Timor. fendant not only appears to give offence to The Australian Section of the Interna- There are at least 20,000-22,000 Indone- the Court but to potentially offend against tional Commission of Jurists concludes that sian troops in the territory, despite Ja- s.65 of the KUHAP and article 3(e) of the the trial of Gusmão breached Indonesian and karta’s claim that some of its battalions had ICCPR international law on all charges brought, and been withdrawn. * the court was patently not “open to therefore concludes: the public” in breach of article 10 of the 1. That procedural fairness and interna- UDHR and of s.153 of the KUHAP tional principles of the natural justice were EVENTS INSIDE * a climate of fear intimidation and re- denied to Xanana Gusmão in the conduct of pression maintained by the military both the trial. EAST TIMOR before and since the Dili massacre incident 2. That Indonesia breached international covenants on human rights and the proper which for all practical purposes removes the SWEDISH MPS VISIT possibility of “a fair and public hearing by a conduct of trials in the trial of Xanana Gus- competent independent and impartial tribu- mão. EAST TIMOR nal..."thus offending against Article 10 of 3. That the trial breached Indonesian law From November, 1993 issue of Network the Universal Declaration of Human Rights even if it were considered that that law were News, newsletter of the East Timor Action and article 153(4) of the KUHAP. applicable. Network/US. * as to Gusmão’s right to an interpreter 4. That the trial and sentence over Article 14(3) of the ICCPR was clearly Xanana Gusmão be set aside. Three Swedish parliamentarians, the first breached. The skill, accuracy and independ- 5. That the international community foreign politicians allowed in since 1991, ence of the interpreters available to Gusmão should condemn the trial and bring pressure visited East Timor in September. In a brief- at the trial and during his preparations have to bear on the Indonesian Government to ing about the trip, Ingbritt Irhammar from been brought into question. At the hearing grant a new trial in accordance with interna- the Center Party told ETAN that despite on April 15th which the ASICJ observed, tional human rights laws. assurances from Indonesian Foreign Minis- diplomats and journalists present noted The Australian Section of the International ter Ali Alatas before they left for Dili, they several discrepancies. The interpreters on Commission of Jurists is a national section were not allowed free access in East Timor. that occasion, as well as making a number of of the International Commission of Jurists, Everywhere they went, soldiers and police significant mistakes (inadvertently or oth- Geneva. The view expressed in this report accompanied them. A late request to visit erwise), was reported to have been drawn are those of the Australia Section, not neces- Xanana Gusmão in prison was denied. from the staff of the Governor’s Office, sarily that of the international body of mem- Bishop Belo told the group that “We live thus raising serious questions about inde- bers of the International Commission of here like in a prison, everyone is in prison, pendence and impartiality. Jurists. please tell about this.” He called East Timor * arguably if there has been a breach of “an island of total fear and terror.” He said article 153(4) then according to its terms, East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 13 there were informers throughout the Catho- ENVIRONMENTAL Territory governments. These tin villages lic Church. are the equivalent of the discredited “forti- In a rare moment, Irhammar had a brief DEGRADATION IN EAST fied hamlets” of the Western war in Viet- private conversation with a Timorese TIMOR nam. waiter, who told her that it is “more terrible Villagers to this day are prohibited from here, than you think.” She said it was easy Notes by Rob Wesley-Smith, BRurSc ph/fax: establishing or visiting gardens, or harvesting to see how “watched and controlled” the [61-89] 83 2113 “bush tucker,” more than short distances population is. October 1993 away from their guarded tin shanty (or col- The MPs also met with the three This has been raised by East Timor sup- lection of such into local “sucos”), and Timorese students, who had sought asylum porters for eighteen years, yet probably many have been tortured and/or killed as a in the Swedish Embassy in Jakarta last without enough impact. I raised it with the result of such a “transgression.” Also the spring. They agreed to leave the embassy Australian Parliamentary Joint Committee forced removal of tribespeople and clans after receiving assurances that would not be on Foreign Affairs in June last year. In this from their own ancestral lands has severe harassed. The MPs are exploring alternate case I mentioned the spraying of herbicides cultural and efficiency implications, helping ways to help them leave Indonesia for Por- to remove some tree cover to make it easier the cultural and actual genocide being prac- tugal. to hunt out the Resistance, and that I had tised. This and many other issues has many An Indonesian official criticized the been told that Australia’s excess stocks of parallels with the Australian Aborigine ex- MPs, saying “they did not behave like the defoliant Agent Orange from the Viet- perience of yesteryear (today, too). guests in Indonesia who wanted to make a nam war had been sold to the Indonesians. The removal of the local people from just and objective assessment of the condi- This claim needs further investigation. their land allows or encourages the physical tions in East Timor. They behaved more like degradation of the land by removing the inspectors.” Environment degradation in East Timor knowledgeable land managers. In the North- The parliamentarians are from Sweden’s needs more attention: ern Territory of Australia the Aborigines three largest parties, Social Democrat, Mod- [a] to gather evidence used to light small fires wherever and when- erate and Center. Since their return, they [b] to assess what the Resistance can do ever appropriate as they moved around the have raised questions concerning human to try to improve the situation territory they occupied. Over the ages this rights and Swedish arms sales to Indonesia. Re [a]: I believe the Indonesians are damag- had helped to shape the landscape and to They are also calling for international pres- ing the environment of East Timor: protect rainforest trees and other sensitive sure, including a trade boycott and an imme- [1] Spraying chemical defoliant (such as vegetation from the effects of the devastat- diate international arms embargo, to force Agent Orange from Vietnam) from aircraft. ing hot Dry Season fires which occur occa- the Indonesian armed forces to withdraw Has anyone seen this - probably mainly in sionally once the land managers are no from East Timor. 1977 and 1978, when they got the Bronco longer functioning. This patchwork or mo- 0V10 aircraft from the USA; or seen its saic of burning was also good for the pro- EAST TIMORESE effects, such as loss of leaves or strange duction and location of much bush tucker. SENTENCED FOR NOTE dieback of trees; or seen spray nozzles (jets) Some recognition by the authorities here of the protective value of this practice has now DEMANDING GOVERNMENT on the trailing edge of wings, then or more recently? led to a program of aerial lighting of fires in COMPENSATION [2] Cutting of trees - such as Sandalwood the early Dry Season over wide areas of the Northern Territory. AP, 1 October 1993. Abridged - for timber; clearing of trees for other rea- sons; excessive clearing in association with Now I realise that a lot of burning will be (Dili) A local court said Friday it has sen- road-building or with the forced establishing done by the Timorese people to assist them tenced an East Timorese to one year in of villages or other projects. with their agriculture, or for visibility, or to prison for writing a note to President Suharo [3] Excessive burning, especially in the reduce the fire hazard. This can be good or on Indonesian currency demanding compen- mid-late Dry Season. This will have the bad, depending how it’s done. I’d like to sation for victims of a pro-independence effect of creating hot fires, thus killing off suggest how to burn to make life easier for demonstration (sic). the woody vegetation, especially smaller the trees to grow well, which I presume is Pedro Sarmento da Costa, an employee at trees and shrubs initially - but repeat fires better in that it gives the people more cover the local Investment Coordinating Board, can kill bigger trees, too. And as the fires kill (protection) from the military as well as was convicted Wednesday of humiliating the the smaller woody vegetation, the shade protecting the land from erosion, weed inva- state by defacing the money, the court said. canopy is opened up, which allows more sion and other degradation. He was arrested in February after the lo- grass to grow, which then carries fire more Small “cool” fires will not kill the trees cal post office discovered he was sending a easily and hotter, which kills the bigger and will protect the area from “hot” fires 10,000 rupiah ($4.74) bill bearing a hand- trees. Observers - and the evidence of some later in the season. This means that people written demand to President Suharto. photos - suggest that many hillsides have out bush should burn areas of dry or old De Costa testified he was sending the been degraded in this way since 1975. grass more-or-less whenever they find them, note to demand “$500 billion compensation [4] The human environment. Of course no matter when except for the mid-late Dry from the president for the victims of the the whole obscene brutal occupation of the Season (or, of course, unless it is bad for Santa Cruz incident.” country degrades the “human environment” immediate security reasons). It is often pos- Da Costa address his demand to a special in all ways. But I would like to focus on the sible to burn old grass patches during dry post office box for letters to the government effects of the forced relocations of villagers spells in the Wet Season. Try not to let fire but it was never sent because the post office into the tin shanty towns located along the burn around or into rainforest patches by discovered the writing on the money. roads being built for military - not philan- clearing the grass from the edges and/or thropic - purposes with the support of the burning with the wind taking the fire away. collaborators of the Australian and Northern Food crops could be sown into the burnt area. Page 14 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

The Australian and Northern Territory Suprapto said that from 1977 to 1989, impact has been severe, especially as we governments seek to aid development in Indonesian armed forces had concentrated face final exams in October,” he said. East Timor by use of AIDAB and other on “wiping out the guerrilla remnants.” The amount received depends on re- government agencies in co-operation with Indonesia keeps troops in the province quests submitted by the students, within a the brutal illegal occupying military regime, for social and other development activities, ceiling fixed by the East Timorese admini- and to praise their “developments” of recent as well as to deal with Fretilin rebels fighting stration for different types of expenses. years. These only assist the subjugation of for an independent of East Timor. The students feel particularly aggrieved the country. They would better serve the Meanwhile, East Timor’s governor, José as the stoppage was the result of a unilateral people of East Timor - not that there is any Osorio Soares, said the poor quality of hu- decision even though according to a governo- evidence that they wish to do this, by an man resources remains an obstacle to further rial decision in August 1993, they are still honest assessment of the situation - by development of the province. entitled to get their allowances. They had fighting to allow the people of East Timor Disputes over the status of East Timor even been asked to submit their budgets for the rights guaranteed under the UN Charter also impede plans to develop the area. the concluding months of their studies. and Declarations, including freedom of asso- East Timor, 1,250 miles (2,000 km) east Even so, the Social, Mental and Spiritual ciation and movement, and by providing of Jakarta, is a former Portuguese colony. Department of the administration issued a permanent, on-the-spot agencies and staff to Lisbon withdrew in 1975, but Indonesian letter on 30 September saying that the East assist the people directly rather than via the troops invaded shortly after. Jakarta an- Timorese students at UTP would no longer disgusting occupying oppressive and mur- nexed the territory one year later, but the get their scholarship allowances. derous forces. United Nations does not recognize Indone- “We are very upset because it has hap- sia’s sovereignty over East Timor and still pened so suddenly.” If they wanted to do KONIS SANTANA WANTS regards Portugal as the territory’s adminis- this, they should have notified us long ago, TALKS WITH INDONESIA trative power. said José. The East Timor situation made interna- RENETIL APPEALS FOR Portuguese Catholic Radio, Renascenca. tional headlines in November 1991, when 1 October 1993 Indonesian troops opened fire on a pro- SOLIDARITY independence demonstration in the provin- The East Timorese resistance leader, The following is a translation from Portu- cial capital Dili, killing scores of protesters. guese of an appeal for solidarity received by Konis Santana, has called on Portugal to try The bloody incident drew international con- to convince the Indonesian authorities to CNRM in Darwin on behalf of Secretary demnation of Indonesia. General of RENETIL. hold talks with the resistance movement. Indonesia and Portugal have been trying CNRM-National Council of Maubere The Radio quoted Konis Santana as say- to settle the future of East Timor through Resistance ing in a letter to the Portuguese President, the United Nations. The third round of RENETIL- East Timor Students National Mario Soares, that dialogue was the best U.N.-brokered talks between Lisbon and Resistance path to peace in East Timor, a dialogue Jakarta Sept. 17 in New York produced which must also include the Timorese peo- several agreements. SOLIDARITY APPEAL ple and the Catholic Church. Among other things, Jakarta and Lisbon The Indonesian Government has never Santana also called on the resistance agreed on the importance of promoting hu- ceased its efforts to crush any opposing movement to fill the power vacuum created man rights and freedom in East Timor and force to its military occupation of East after the arrests of its leaders Xanana Gus- on providing access to East Timor for U.N. Timor. This also applies to the liberation mão and his successor Ma’Huno, by voicing and humanitarian organizations. struggle for the independence and liberation total and unconditional support in the resis- of East Timor in which the student youth is tance leader abroad, José Ramos-Horta. SCHOLARSHIPS ENDED, involved. Indonesia has battled in many ways and many fronts during the 18 years MILITARY SAYS ONLY EAST TIMORESE of occupation, so that East Timor remains ABOUT 100 GUERRILLAS STUDENTS UPSET its property, and enriches it. These have REMAIN IN EAST TIMOR been 18 years of battle and 18 years of war Jawa Pos, 6 October. Abridged against the East Timorese people. JAKARTA (UPI, Oct. 5) – Government (Solo) At least five East Timorese stu- East Timorese society has been ruined by authorities contend only about 100 East dents studying at the University for Devel- the war, and its resources are appropriated Timorese guerrillas are still hiding out in the opment Studies in Solo (UTP) are upset by Jakarta capitalists. The East Timorese former Portuguese colony, a news report because their scholarship allowances from people have their political and economic said Tuesday. the East Timorese administration have been rights violated. Jakarta has plundered its Lt. Col. Suprapto Tarman, an Indonesian stopped. This is despite the fact that they marble, its sandalwood and traditional re- military official stationed in East Timor, are still registered by a governorial decision sources. The price of the good East was quoted in Jakarta’s Media Indonesia as being recipients of scholarships. The Timorese coffee has been manipulated. The newspaper as saying that the numbers of cancellation of their allowances dates from production of coffee and other crops is hin- guerrillas in the province had been declining September. dered by the environmental damage caused gradually. Students contacted by Jawa Pos con- by the weapons used by Indonesia, which it “They already number very little. There firmed that they were astonished because gets from the West. Through its P.T. com- are about 107 people left,” Suprapto said. they had received no advance notice that mercial companies, Jakarta monopolises the He also maintained the pro-independence this would happen. “We had no reason to main East Timor resources. All the coffee fighters have no influence at all with the believe that our scholarships had been production is monopolised through P.T. majority of the population of East Timor. stopped,” said José Soreno Gomes. Salazar Coffee Plantations. Sandalwood is in The students affected are in the final the hands of P.T. Scent Indonesia. Marble is stages of their studies. “The psychological captured by P.T. Marmer Alam Timor East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 15

Timur. These three companies are grouped for the moment they would also be struck Timor in March, but Syafei said security in under the P.T. Batara Indra Group, which by the same tragedy. the region had improved enough to speed controls almost the entire East Timor econ- The meagre one hundred thousand rupiah the withdrawal of troops. omy. ($50) per month are insufficient to sustain Syafei touted the accelerated plan as evi- Jakarta’s greed and search for quick prof- the living costs of a student, which in prac- dence that unrest over human rights and its, led it to enter into an agreement with tice are much higher. It would in fact be just democracy issues is settling, and he denied Canberra to share East Timorese oil. As to get much higher living allowances. Firstly some international criticisms that Indone- soon as Canberra was dragged into this by because they are now insufficient to meet sia’s human rights record in East Timor has the evil of Jakarta, it forgot that previously, basic needs and, second, because the wealth actually worsened. during World War II, Australian soldiers being extracted by Jakarta from East Timor Syafei blamed the latest criticisms on in- turned East Timor into a battlefield against is huge in comparison with these meagre formation from media reports in Portugal, the expansionist force of Japan. The East scholarships. recognized by the United Nations over In- Timor island, and its people were used as a The government would accept our pro- donesia as the territory’s administrative protective wall for the neighbouring Austra- tests and request for a raise, but would do authority. lian country and its people. Once upon a so only if it could extract political guaran- time the East Timorese people were victims tees from us. However, as it already has GUERRILLAS KILL SIX of the interests of Japanese geopolitics and repeatedly done since the invasion and VILLAGERS, MILITARY SAYS of Australian territorial sovereignty. Nowa- throughout it, it would be the first to violate days, the East Timorese people continue to the points of any agreement. 11 Oct. 93 be victims of the economic interests of two May this writing help to give a clearer large neighbours, Australia and Indonesia, in picture about our current situation. A situa- JAKARTA (UPI) – East Timorese guer- collusion. tion which is the consequence of the eco- rillas are to blame for the slayings of six The wealth which should serve to sustain nomic and socio-political climate faced by people during an ambush last month in the the East Timorese sons and daughters, are the East Timorese people under the Jakarta former Portuguese colony, a statement from manipulated and plundered by Jakarta. Ja- military regime. All the Jakarta efforts in the Indonesian armed forces in Jakarta said karta impoverishes the East Timorese peo- East Timor are only geared at the mainte- Monday. ple, who in their critical state, are forced to nance of the status quo there. The statement, quoted by the official accept miserable study scholarships, driven We hope that our thoughts and concerns news agency Antara, said the attack oc- by their thirst for knowledge of modern are appreciated. We therefore humbly ap- curred when about 30 East Timorese villag- science and culture, and bow to the Indone- peal for solidarity support by our friends ers from Osoala in Baucau district went sian regime. But in fact, the students did not abroad, whether individuals or East Timor hunting. The hunter broke up into several conform to Indonesian wishes, they repudi- solidarity groups. We the People and the groups small groups, one of which was am- ated Indonesian presence on East Timorese Student Youth always retain in our hearts bushed by separatists guerrillas, the state- soil. Jakarta has become aware of this, and the memory of the help we have been given ment claimed. has realised it will not win the war in East and which we may receive in order to be Six people were killed by members of the Timor. But Jakarta is not prepared to loose able to face this new crisis. separatist movement, the statement said. without first impoverishing and paralysing I thank you for kindly reading about our It said the attack had prompted anger the future of East Timor, which lies in the situation, and your kind solidarity with us. among the East Timorese people. hands of its youth and the generations to With sincerely grateful thanks, The army statement said government of- come. I remain ficials and military authorities were giving The precarious situation created in East For the General Secretary of RENETIL, direct assistance to the families of the vic- Timor as well as among the East Timorese Signed S.R. tims. But it did not say whether government students in Indonesia, curtails the moral, President of the Permanent Commission. forces were pursuing the alleged killers. intellectual and religious development of the Indonesia 29, October 1993 A military official said only about 100 youth of East Timor. Some have been per- East Timorese Fretilin guerrillas remain in secuted, captured, imprisoned or killed, and the province, clustered in several groups INDONESIAN TROOPS BEING throughout the jungle. others have been forcibly evicted to Indone- WITHDRAWN FROM EAST sian islands, or enticed by appealing baits, Reuter version of guerrilla killings story only to end up in shanty towns on Javanese TIMOR? JAKARTA, Oct. 11 (Reuter) - Rebels soil. UPI, Oct. 6, abridged. ambushed and killed six deer hunters in In- In East Timor as well as in Indonesia, donesia’s East Timor province last month, sons and daughters of East Timor follow the JAKARTA (UPI) – The Indonesian gov- the official Antara news agency reported on Indonesian education system. In this sys- ernment, saying security in East Timor has Monday. tem, financial factors play a crucial role. improved, plans to withdraw two military A military statement issued in Jakarta Without funds, education cannot proceed. battalions from the former Portuguese col- and carried by the agency did not say how This is where Jakarta has tried to hit East ony within next two months, news reports or where the six East Timorese were killed Timorese students lately. On 18 August, the said Wednesday. in the former Portuguese colony. unfortunate East Timorese brother, Abilio J. Maj. Gen. Theo Syafei, the military Osorio, invested with powers as ‘Governor commander for the Udayana region that TIMORESE GUERRILLAS HUNTED of Timor Timur,’ yet led by Jakarta minds includes East Timor, told local media the Abridged, Oct. 13. withdrawal would begin this month, adding and hands, signed a statement ending schol- JAKARTA (UPI) – Government forces arships for 122 East Timorese students that “we are just waiting for the ship to pick up the troops.” continued their search for East Timorese spread throughout Indonesia. Others con- guerrillas blamed for the recent killings of six tinued receiving theirs, anxiously awaiting The government had initially planned to begin reducing its military presence in East Page 16 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. villagers in the former Portuguese colony, military authorities for the killing Oct. 5 of “We want to give evidence to the outside officials said Wednesday. six Osoala residents who were hunting wild world that the Fretilin guerrillas are violating The East Timorese Dili military chief, boar. human rights in East Timor. So far the inter- Col. Johnny Lumintang, told east Java’s “This is a new development that separa- national world has only focused on the In- Surya newspaper that about 20 villagers tist guerrillas killed villagers,” he said, adding donesian government for grossly violating have joined the military in the search for the that he believes it is a sign guerrillas fighting human rights ,” he said, asking why interna- rebels. for independence are losing support among tional activists have been slow to criticise Military authorities in the former Portu- the local residents. “This indicates that Fre- the recent killings. guese colony of East Timor have blamed tilin’s present in East Timor is come up to Lumintang said there are about 107 guer- Fretilin separatist guerrillas for the brutal end.” rillas spread throughout East Timorese jun- killings of six villagers from Osoala in the Syafei sad the killings would not alter the gles but did not say how many weapons Baucau district on Oct. 5. government’s plan to withdraw some of the they owned. Lumintang said residents from Osoala 10 military battalions it maintains in the and nearby villages asked for weapons when region for what the government calls social TROOPS LEAVING FOR joining the pursuit of the alleged killers. and other development activities, as well as EAST TIMOR Lumintang said the brutal killings were to deal with Fretilin rebels. clear evidence that the separatist Fretilin COMMENT FROM MARTIN WESLEY- The 18 October issue of Jakarta Post car- guerrillas have violated human rights in the SMITH ries a photograph of a large number of province. This story about Fretilin guerrillas killing troops in battle-dress who are laughing and “We want to give evidence to the outside waving and being cheered on by a smiling world that Fretilin guerrillas are violating six villagers sounds just too suspicious. It might be true - but how can anyone be sure? Army chief-of-staff, General Wismoyo Aris- human rights in East Timor. So far the inter- munandar. The caption reads: national world has only focused on the In- It is a perfect piece of propaganda from the donesian government for grossly violating army that sent Indonesian troops across the EAST TIMOR DUTY: Army chief of human rights,” he said, asking why interna- border from West Timor in 1975 disguised staff Gen. Wismoyo Arismunandar sings tional activists have been slow to criticize as disaffected East Timorese UDT and along with members of Infantry Battalion the recent killings. Apodeti fighters. Already it has been used 201 in Jakarta during a get-together. Wis- Last week’s bloody incident surprised to justify “200 soldiers from Indonesia’s moyo on Saturday bade farewell to the government officials and military leaders in elite Army Strategic Reserve Command, or troopers who will soon be assigned to East the province. Officials believe it was the KOSTRAD, being sent to the Osoala and Timor. latest activity by the Fretilin guerrillas, Aitana villages of the Baucau district” and as Battalion 201 is from the South Sumatra which launched its armed rebellion against an indication that Fretilin’s presence in East Military Command, Kodam II, Sriwijaya. the government in 1976. The attack also Timor is at an end. The photograph gives the lie to Major- indicates that the separatist rebels are still General Syafei’s constant claims that a active despite dwindling support. GOVERNMENT SOLDIERS troop reduction is under way in East Timor. Lumintang said there are about 107 Fre- CONTINUE THEIR The troops in this photo are clearly combat tilin guerrillas spread throughout East HUNT FOR REBELS troops. This surprising piece of evidence Timorese jungle. He did not say how many from the pages of Jakarta Post shows that weapons were owned by the separatists. UPI, 16 October 1993. Abridged the strategy of rotating troops in East Timor with battalions BEING DEPLOYED there Comment: This gives the clue to what the KOSTRAD TROOPS from other military commands is still very army is seeking to do in their effort to per- much in place. Where else in Indonesia does TO TIMOR suade world opinion that Falintil guerrillas such a strategy exist except Aceh? No battal- were involved in an operation to murder Abridged ions from outside are deployed in regions villagers. where conditions are ‘normal.’ Carmel, JAKARTA (Oct. 14) UPI - Military au- Indonesia should allow immediate access to TAPOL thorities decided to send combat troops to international human rights agencies like pursue a score of East Timorese guerrillas Amnesty International and Asia Watch, as- TWO KOSTRAD BATTALIONS blamed for the recent killings of six villagers sisted by Catholic clergy who have the confi- in the former Portuguese colony. dence of the local people, to investigate the DEPART EAST TIMOR Maj. Gen. Theo Syafei, the commander incident in Osoala and Aitana villages. From Jakarta. KOMPAS in Indonesian, 18 of the Bali-based Udayana military region, October 1993 which includes East Timor, told local media (Jakarta) Government forces continued that some 200 soldiers from Indonesia’s their search for East Timorese guerrillas Dili, KOMPAS-Battalion 510 from elite Army Strategic Reserve Command, or blamed for the recent killings of six villagers Kostrad (Regional Military Command) has KOSTRAD, would be send to the Osoala in East Timor. been officially withdrawn from East Timor. and Aitana villages of the Baucau district The Dili military chief, Col. Johny Lu- The withdrawal was the implementation of where deaths occurred. mintang, told Surya newspaper that about the statement issued by the 9th Udayana “I have ordered to the local military twenty villagers have joined the military in regional commander, Major-General Theo command conducted a more special mop- the search for the rebels. They blame the Syafei, during the 48th Armed Forces Day ping-up operations in that region,” Syafei guerrillas for the brutal killings of six villag- anniversary in Dili on Tuesday 5 October told east Java’s Surya newspaper. ers from Osoala in Baucau district on 5 Oc- based on the improving situation in East He said the plan to use special strike tober. Timor. The 5 1 0 Battalion was relieved of troops is an effort to wipe out and capture Lumintang said the killings were clear its duties on 6 October during a ceremony the Fretilin separatist guerrillas, blamed by evidence that the guerrillas have violated by the Commander of the 164 Wira Dharma human rights in the province. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 17

Military Command, Colonel (Infantry) Announcing the planned withdrawal of security threat for the Indonesian military. Johnny J Lumintang, while Battalion 507 combat troops from East Timor serves two In mid-October, 200 KOSTRAD combat will be relieved of its duties on Tuesday this purposes. In propaganda terms, it creates troops were deployed in the Baucau region week. the impression that security and order in to track down Timorese guerilla units. Lumintang clarified that territorial opera- East Timor has improved and is under con- The reorganisation of the Indonesian tions were directed at providing assistance trol. Moreover, the territorial troops are armed forces in 1983 led to the birth of two to the district authorities in hastening the described as soldiers who are engaged in rapid deployment KOSTRAD regiments development process for people’s well- development projects: building roads, which can be dispatched to reach any part being. Johnny Lumintang said, “Basically, a houses, bridges and so on. While it is true of the Indonesian archipelago within 48 soldier is trained to protect and repulse all that some territorial troops are involved in hours, whenever needed. When serious dis- forms of threat so the community can live in such work, their chief purpose is as part of turbances occur, East Timor can be flooded continuous peace. it would not come as a the territorial structure. by KOSTRAD combat troops overnight. surprise if the community showed its con- Moreover, while territorial troops are Although the guerrillas have always been tinuous gratitude.” The commander re- distinct from KOSTRAD (Army Strategic described as ‘security disruptors’ and ter- minded the 510 Battalion personnel to main- Command) and KOPASSUS (elite force) rorists, there is a deliberate policy of por- tain and improve their discipline, which combat troops, they are also equipped for traying the armed resistance as isolated ban- forms the basis for their future achieve- combat operations and can be deployed in dits stealing and looting villagers and even ments. This is so because the battalion’s any crisis situation, to provide back-up for killing Timorese villagers. success is not only measured in terms of its the police or engage in skirmishes with the There are now signs that the Indonesian operational experience but on the discipline armed resistance. military are upgrading their strategy of of its personnel. Major-General Theo Syafei’s now as- “Timorization of the war.” It started some serts that only nine territorial battalions and years ago with the establishment of battal- INDONESIAN TROOP one combat battalion remain in East Timor. ions 744 and 745, largely consisting of REDUCTION IN EAST TIMOR A full-strength Indonesian battalion consists Timorese soldiers. On 5 October 1993, of 650 men, which means that about 5,000 armed forces day, Major-General Theo MEMO by TAPOL, the Indonesia Human soldiers are permanently based in East Syafei inaugurated a new force call Rights Campaign, October 21 Timor, which is still quite a sizable number. PASUKAN ADAT (‘Traditional’ Troops) According to Indonesian military standards, consisting of 3,844 Timorese paramilitaries International criticism about East Timor a region the size of East Timor would have which have been recruited from all thirteen focuses among others on the large number of only 2 or 3 battalions. districts. As yet, nothing more is known Indonesian troops in East Timor. On several According to normal procedures in other about this force but it clearly represents a occasions, Major-General Theo Syafei, regional military commands, territorial further development of the army’s strategy commander of Udayana/IXth Military troops based in East Timor should be part of getting Timorese to kill Timorese. Command based in Bali which includes East of KODAM Udayana/IX (Military Com- Timor, has announced that the number of mand based in Bali). In reality most of the battalions in East Timor will be reduced. On EAST TIMORESE GUERRILLA battalions stationed in East Timor originate KILLED IN ARMED CLAS HES 17 August 1993, Indonesian independence from other military commands and every day, Jakarta announced that it would with- three months, fresh battalions are sent in to 22 Oct. 93 draw all combat troops by the end of Octo- replace those that leave. This practice has ber, leaving only 10 territorial battalions. been going on since 1975 and there are no JAKARTA (UPI) – An East Timorese For those not familiar with Indonesian mili- indications that this is about to change. At guerrilla was shot to death during armed tary structures, some clarifications are the very moment when the military authori- clashes with government troops in the trou- needed. ties have been announcing the withdrawal of bled former Portuguese colony, the official One of the most important Indonesian troops from East Timor, the English- news agency Antara said Saturday. military doctrines is HANKAMRATA, language daily, Jakarta Post [18 October The fighting occurred Thursday between basically a territorial command and control 1993] published a photo of the army chief- members of the East Timorese Fretilin guer- structure. This structure broadly parallels of-staff, General Wismoyo Arismunandar, rilla movement and Indonesian soldiers in the civilian administration structure down to biding farewell to troops of Battalion 201 the Manufahi district, about 100 miles east village and neighbourhood precincts. The (from the South Sumatra military command) of East Timor’s capital Dili. territorial structure is a “shadow govern- who were just about to leave for East Col. Johny Lumintang, chief of the East ment,” monitoring political and social life Timor. East Timor has always been regarded Timorese military resort, said during the and controlling the daily conduct of the civil as a war-zone and therefore treated differ- military raid against the Fretilin the govern- administrators. ently. ment forces also seized one gun and some 50 In the case of East Timor, with its spe- While the Timorese resistance has gradu- bullets belonging. cific security problems, a special territorial ally switched to a strategy of focusing more Lumintang said the slain fighter was military operation, OPERASI TUNTAS on clandestine work in urban areas (to which killed when he resisted arrest by military (Operation Once-and-for-all) has been de- forces in a raid against the separatist move- the Indonesian military respond by launch- signed. It is comparable to the ‘low- ing territorial warfare), armed resistance ment in East Timor. intensity conflict’ strategy conducted in the remains an important symbol of resistance. Lumintang said the number of Fretilin Philippines or Central America in the eight- The Indonesian military commander in East guerrillas continues to decline, adding, “there ies. Its objective is to ‘isolate’ the armed Timor, Colonel Johnny Lumintang claims are only about 106 guerrillas spread resistance from the population and create a that there are only 107 guerrillas left in the throughout East Timorese jungle.” new social (i.e. Indonesian) structure in the bush. While using such an exact figure He did not say how many weapons were villages. should be taken with a pinch a salt, it is a owned by the separatists. fact that guerilla activities remain a constant Page 18 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Lumintang said government troops in the PERTAMINA TO CONDUCT Military authorities say there are about former Portuguese colony would continue 100 Fretilin guerrillas spread throughout attempts to overcome the rebel movement, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN East Timorese jungle. Government forces and punish anyone who resists arrest. EAST TIMOR shot to death a Fretilin guerrilla last week. “Whoever (is) voluntarily surrendered Indonesian troops invaded East Timor would be treated humanely. We would do AP, 22 October 1993. Abridged soon after Portugal ended its colonial empire nothing against them,” Lumintang said, add- The state-owned Pertamina oil company in 1975, and Jakarta annexed the territory ing that “there are many guerrillas who vol- will conduct a geological survey next week one year later. Since then, Indonesia has untarily surrendered and have been given in East Timor, a report said Friday. The been fighting with the Fretilin guerrilla amnesty. “ survey is part of the groundwork for a geo- movement seeking independence for East East Timor, 1,250 miles east of Jakarta, thermal energy source exploration that may Timor. was a Portuguese colony annexed by Indo- be conducted in 1996, the Antara news The United Nations does not recognize nesia soon after Lisbon withdrew in 1975. agency quoted Djuhana Ardinata, head of Indonesia’s sovereignty over East Timor Jakarta voluntarily declared the territory its exploration and production for Pertamina in and considers Portugal the administrative 27th province but the United Nations does Bali as saying. power. not recognize Indonesia’s sovereignty over East Timor and considers Portugal the ad- SECURITY TIGHTER IN MILITARY COMMANDER WARNS STUDENTS OVER ministrative power. TIMOR The East Timor situation first made in- DEMONSTRATIONS ternational news in November 1991, when 29 Oct. 93 AFP, 8 November 1993. Abridged government soldiers violently put down a pro-independence demonstration in the JAKARTA (UPI) – Military leaders (Jakarta) A few days ahead of the second provincial capital Dili, killing scores of pro- tightened security in troubled East Timor to anniversary of the Dili massacre, an Indone- testers. guard against protests on the second anni- sian military commander has warned East Meanwhile, Lumintang said residents in versary of a massacre that sparked interna- Timorese youth against holding anti- the East Timorese village of Osoala and tional condemnation of Indonesia, news Indonesia demonstrations, press reports government forces are continuing their pur- reports said Friday. said Monday. suit of Fretilin guerrillas blamed for the re- Maj. Gen. Theo Syafei, chief of the Bali- The Jayakarta daily quoted Major Gen- cent killings of six villagers. based Udayana military command which eral Theo Syafei, head of the Bali-based Military authorities blame Fretilin sepa- includes East Timor, told reporters that the Udayana commander that oversees security ratist guerrillas for the brutal murders of six East Timorese Fretilin guerrilla movement in East Timor, as saying that Indonesian villagers form Osoala village in the Baucau was increasing tensions in the region. authorities would not tolerate any anti- district on Oct. 5. The bloody incident sur- Syafei said military authorities found Indonesian demonstrations. prised government officials and military some 20 posters in Dili urging people to “We are aware that there are students leaders in the province. remember the Nov. 12, 1991 massacre there. that have held clandestine meetings in The government has admitted that at Salatiga and Yogyakarta to prepare the dem- least 50 people were killed in the clash in onstrations,” Syafei said, referring to East EAST TIMORESE BEING Dili between protestors and government Timorese student activists studying in the TRIED FOR RIPPING troops. Another 62 people remain unac- two Central Java university cities. INDONESIAN FLAG counted for, and witnesses to the massacre He said the anniversary of the Dili shoot- put the death toll at close to 200. ing and the planned visit of several Euro- AP, 14 October 1993. Abridged Syafei warned armed forces to watch for pean parliamentarians who are “friends of (Jakarta) An alleged activist for East possible clandestine activity, particularly Indonesia” to East Timor on Tuesday, might Timor’s independence has gone on trial for relating to specific dates such as Oct. 28th, be the target for the demonstrations. ripping up an Indonesian flag, a news report the date of student-led protests at Motael, “Generally, the moves (demonstrations) said Thursday. and Nov. 12, the date of the Dili massacre. are launched whenever there are officials or Alberto Rodrigues Pereira, 21, could be Syafei said the Fretilin guerrillas are likely to delegations from foreign countries visiting sentenced for up to seven years if found mark those dates with some kind of action. East Timor. The aim is to draw sympathy,” guilty of a public display of hostility to the Motael was the site of clashes between Syafei said. Indonesian government. He is also charged anti-Indonesian students and youths sup- with destruction of property for which the porting the government on Oct. 28, 1991. maximum sentence is two years and eight One pro-government student was killed, months. allegedly by Indonesian troops. The Surabaya daily Jawa Pos said Pereira Resentment over the Motael incident is went on trial Wednesday in Dili, accused of viewed as a precursor to the demonstration ripping the flag on 16 August, the eve of in Dili two weeks later, when government Indonesia’s 48th independence anniversary. troops opened fire on mourners paying Last month, Pedro Sarmento da Costa, an homage to a youth killed in an earlier pro- East Timorese civil servant, was sentenced test. The killings sparked international con- to one year in prison for defacing Indonesian demnation of Indonesia. money by writing a letter to President Su- Syafei said that despite the diminishing harto on a 10,000-rupiah bill. The letter was strength of the Fretilin movement, the anni- to demand compensation for the victims of versaries of the earlier protests may lead to the Dili massacre, but the post office seized renewed demonstrations. it. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 19

28 MILITARY ATTACHÉS The group of about 25 attachés, from But according to our sources, the only countries including Australia, the United military attaché from an EC country who VISIT EAST TIMOR States, Britain and Japan, was briefed by went was from the British embassy. The AFP, 2 November 1993. Abridged army commanders but not shown areas with Foreign Office now claims that he will active soldiers. “share” the information he received with Comments: The figure of ‘guerrilla rem- Some of the group queried stated troop other EC governments. nants’ was 107 a couple of weeks ago, then levels in the former Portuguese colony dur- It appears that the list of military atta- with the murder of one guerrilla, it went ing the three-day visit, viewed as the possi- chés made public by Antara news agency down to 106, but now it has almost doubled. ble start of more frequent visits by foreign- was the list of invitees, not the list of those The contradictions in the army’s propa- ers. who actually went. ganda are highlighted in this piece. While on The attaché visit, which ended on Foreign journalists in Jakarta may wish the one hand it is working hard to convince Wednesday, was believed to have been the to check our information and find out more the international community of its intentions biggest of its kind arranged by the army. about this apparent piece of misinformation. to reduced the military presence in East Some European Community countries The date of the visit was 1-3 November, Timor, Belo clearly speaks of a heavy secu- shunned the visit, a few in apparent support not 3-5 November as we earlier reported. rity approach. Let’s hope he was given the of fellow member Portugal, as did Canada, opportunity to speak to the military attachés. Burma, the Philippines and South Korea. WHO KILLED PEOPLE IN – TAPOL Foreign military sources believe the army OSOALA? allowed the attaché visit, about 10 days A group of foreign military attachés is ahead of the anniversary of the Dili incident, From Protected sources, via TAPOL. 3 visiting East Timor where Indonesian offi- to help improve Indonesia’s human rights November 1993 cials told them the security situation was record. improving, said the official news agency, The Jakarta-based attachés were told that Comment: More information needs to be Antara. Indonesia had only one combat battalion of gathered to knock the army’s claim about Military commander Colonel Lumintang about 650 men in East Timor, as well as guerrilla killings on the head. told the officers who were flown to Dili in seven battalions of soldiers engaged in de- Claims by the army that six East an air force Hercules that security condi- velopment projects. Timorese villagers were killed by guerrilla tions were improving and eight battalions The number of Fretilin guerrillas was put forces in Osoala, Baucau district, early in remained there. He said the Fretilin pro- at around 100. October, are pure fabrication, according to independence movement was now left with Foreign military sources said some atta- sources inside East Timor, conveyed to the only about 200 members armed with 160 chés queried the troop figure, saying to cope outside world through a reliable channel. antiquated firearms. with such a situation Indonesia would The source said it is common practice for He said security conditions would be re- probably need at least one division of the army to take people they don’t like into evaluated every six months and troops 10,000 men. the forest, forcing them to carry their am- would be further reduced to only two local “I would estimate that there are up to 14 munition, then ambushing them and killing battalions - about 2,000 men - by the end of battalions still in the area,” one source said. them. They then claim that the guerrillas are 1995. “Part of the problem is that the Indonesian responsible for the killing. An earlier inci- The attachés came from Australia, Bel- army is not well versed in counter- dent happened about four months ago to a gium, Britain, China, France, Germany, insurgency.” villager named Alberto. India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Such incidents are used, according to the Pakistan, the Philippines, South Korea, EC MILITARY ATTACHÉS DID NOT source, to justified the continued military Spain, Thailand, the US and Vietnam. VISIT TIMOR presence in East Timor. Meanwhile Jakarta Post quoted East By TAPOL, 6 November 1993 The source also said claims about troop Timor’s Catholic Bishop Belo as calling on withdrawals are untrue as the withdrawn Jakarta not to use the pretext of threats TAPOL has learnt independently from troops have been replaced. [Note the photo from Fretilin remnants to adopt a heavy two quite separate and reliable sources that published in Jakarta Post on 18 October of security approach in East Timor, especially the EC governments decided that it would Battalion 201, taking leave of the army chief during forthcoming local government elec- not be appropriate for their military atta- of staff, on its way to East Timor.] tions. He said that more East Timorese na- chés to accept an invitation by the Indone- The source also denies that there are only tionals should be given the chance to lead sian occupying authorities to visit East territorial battalions in East Timor. The regencies. Timor. None of the EC countries recognise soldiers live among the people and are eve- integration and visits by military attachés rywhere. There are identity card checks on SOME ATTACHÉS DUBIOUS are almost as sensitive diplomatically as the streets, in the middle of the night, and Nov. 5 story by John Owen-Davies, visits by ambassadors would be. many checkpoints on the roads. Young abridged. – John According to our information, it was the people from the villages are not allowed to French embassy in Jakarta that first raised come to Dili. Jakarta, Reuter - Indonesia imposed tight the issue of not accepting the invitation and security for a landmark visit to troubled The young people arrested in advance of other EC governments agreed. The only the US Congressional staff delegation visit East Timor by military attachés from more country to break ranks was Britain. than a dozen foreign embassies in Jakarta, were taken to Betano in the south of the All the wire reports we have seen as well country on a so-called ‘study’ trip and were one of the group said on Friday. as Jakarta Post of 3 November, report that “They almost sealed the place off for our forced to work there. They were all released attachés from Belgium, Germany, France, after being held for a month. visit. Everywhere we went there were police Italy and Spain were among the military in strong numbers,” the attaché, who stayed attachés who visited East Timor. in the Timor capital of Dili, said. Page 20 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

TIMOR TROOPS 1975, and Jakarta annexed the territory one The European delegation arrived in Indo- year later. Since then, Indonesia has been nesia last week for a visit that included a NUMBER CUT fighting with the Fretilin guerrilla movement refugee camp on Galang Island, near Singa- The Telegraph Mirror, 4 November 1993. that seeks independence for East Timor. pore. The visit is aimed at promoting mutual By REUTER The United Nations does not recognize understanding. Indonesia’s sovereignty over East Timor The Indonesian military tightened secu- JAKARTA: Indonesia has only one and considers Portugal the administrative rity and Soares promised that there would army combat battalion left in remote East power. be no demonstration on the anniversary of Timor and all other soldiers there are en- Syafei said after the battalion’s with- the internationally condemned Nov. 12, gaged in development projects, the official drawal, the remaining units will only consist 1991, killing of at least 50 Timorese during a Antara news agency said yesterday. of health and engineers battalions. At pre- funeral procession. Colonel Johny Lumintang, commandant sent, he added, the army troops in East The United Nations does not recognize of the Wira Dharma military district which Timor are made up of intelligence, strike and Indonesia’s sovereignty over East Timor overseas security in the troubled area, said territorial battalions, which are responsible and regards Portugal the administrative the government planned to reduced the for development projects. power. number of troops gradually as socio- He said the strike troops will remain until economic conditions improved. April or June 1994 and the intelligence and TIMOR CHIEF OPPOSES POLL ON On November 12,1991 up to 180 people territorial battalions will be withdrawn by SELF-RULE were killed in the capital, Dili, when troops the end of next year. 13 November 1993 The Age By AAP,AFP opened fire on a crowd mourning the death of a pro-independence sympathizer (Jakarta, Friday) The Governor of Indo- INFANT MALNOURISHMENT nesia’s disputed province of East Timor has INDONESIA PLANS TO WITHDRAW IN TIMOR claimed that East Timorese do not want a MORE TROOPS FROM EAST TIMOR referendum on a self-determination and Jakarta Post 5 November 1993 Dateline: JAKARTA (Nov. 7) UPI would resist international pressure for such Dili Unabridged a vote. Declaring the guerrilla threat in East At least seventy per cent of infants under The Governor, Mr. Abilio Soares, told a Timor to be at an end, the government said five in this province (sic) are malnourished, visiting delegation that the former Portu- it will withdraw one more military battalion Samuel Munaiseche of the East Timor Of- guese colony’s integration in Indonesia was stationed in the former Portuguese colony, fice of the Ministry of Health said. irreversible. the official news agency Antara reported He said three per cent of the children are “If we held a referendum it would mean a Sunday. severely malnourished and so weak they total setback for us,” he said. Maj. Gen. Theo Syafei, chief of the Bali- become sick easily. But his claims were immediately rejected based Udayana military command, told Besides the lack of people’s understand- by leaders of the East Timorese resistance Antara that in view of the improved secu- ing about nutrition, many health officers in who are continuing an international cam- rity in East Timor, one out of eight military the area cannot speak Tetum, he said. paign for an act of self-determination in the battalions posted in the province will be territory, which was invaded by Indonesia pulled out by April 1994. EAST TIMOR GOVERNOR in 1975. Fretilin remains a political threat but not In a message broadcast in Portugal, the an armed threat, Syafei said. The East RULES OUT REFERENDUM new commander of East Timorese resistance Timorese Fretilin guerrillas are divided into ON AUTONOMY forces, Mr. Konis Santana, appealed for nine to 14 groups and each possess only international action to stop continuing about 10 weapons used mainly for survival, UPI, 9 Nov. 93 abuses by Indonesian forces in the territory. he said. JAKARTA (UPI) – East Timor Gov. Speaking on Lisbon TSF radio, Mr. Fretilin is split into two political groups, José Osorio Soares rejected Tuesday the Santana said “massacres, tortures and viola- Syafei said. One consists of elements that possibility of a referendum on autonomy for tions of human rights are continuing” in East oppose East Timor’s integration with Indo- the former Portuguese colony, arguing that Timor. nesia, while the other includes religious fig- self-determination would be a setback to the “While the people are denied the right to ures who are discontent about social condi- region. self-determination, the massacres and viola- tions. “A certain percentage of these ele- “The international community, especially tions of human rights will continue,” he said. ments are students residing outside East the European Community, will not be able Security was reported to be tight in the Timor, “ he added. to press us to carry out a referendum,” province today, the second anniversary of Syafei said late last month that military Soares told a 15-member delegation from the the 1991 Dili massacre in which as many as authorities in East Timor tightened security European Parliamentary for Indonesian 180 civilians were killed by Indonesian prior to the second anniversary of a No- Friendship Association. troops in the provincial capital. vember 12, 1991 massacre that sparked Indonesia has been under international The security crackdown has been aimed international condemnation of the Indone- pressure to improve its human rights record at preventing any demonstrations or pro- sian government. and withdraw from East Timor since invad- tests by anti-Indonesian elements. The government admitted in an official ing the island after Portugal withdrew in “I can assure you there will be no dem- report that 50 people were killed in the 1975, sparking a guerrilla resistance move- onstrations in Dili.” Mr. Abilio said. “Those Nov. 1991 incident and that scores of others ment. who took part in the 1991 demonstration remained unaccounted for. Witnesses put “Speaking about a referendum at the time have realised they were wrong.” the death toll close to 200. being is obviously a setback to the region Reports from Dili say authorities are Indonesian troops invaded East Timor which has clearly chosen to join Indonesia,” checking the identity cards of people enter- soon after Portugal ended its colonial rule in he said. He did not elaborate. ing and leaving the city and there’s a large East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 21 number of plainclothes military on the tors. The government has publicly admitted in the 1991 demonstration have realised streets, especially around the Santa Cruz that 50 people were killed and more than 60 they were wrong.” cemetery, where the 1991 massacre took others remained unaccounted for. The inci- The commander of the military region place. dent drew strong international condemnation covering East Timor, Major-General Theo Today’s ‘Jakarta Post’ newspaper re- of Indonesia. Syafei, has warned the military will no tol- ported that two members of the pro- Lumintang said East Timor remained erate any anti-Indonesian activities. independence Fretilin guerilla movement calm overnight, even though authorities had Indonesia is slowly reducing the number surrendered to Indonesian troops this week. seized pamphlets allegedly distributed by of combat troops stationed in the province, Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 the pro- independence East Timorese Fre- with the aim of cutting the 10 battalions of and annexed it as the country’s 27th prov- tilin guerrillas. combat and territorial troops to the standard ince a year later. Two Fretilin guerrillas surrendered to se- level of two battalions b the end of next Although Australia recognises Indonesian curity forces early this week. Government year. sovereignty over the territory, the United officials said the two will be reunited with This would put it on par with Indone- Nations and many other countries, including their families. sia’s other provinces. the United States and Britain, do not. Indonesia invaded East Timor soon after When Indonesian troops moved into East The army has kept a tight grip on the Portugal withdrew in 1975. Jakarta annexed Timor in 1975, Jakarta and the Indonesian area, where access by foreigners such as the territory one year later, but the United military expected the issued to be resolved diplomats and reporters is limited. Nations does not recognize Indonesian rule neatly and quickly. “The armed forces should always be alert over East Timor. But almost 18 years later, East Timor because they (the guerrillas) have certain remains one of the most painful issues dog- dates for their commemoration,” Major- JAKARTA STILL PAYING FOR ging Indonesia’s foreign relations. General Theo Syafei, the area’s military DILI KILLINGS Jakarta recently said it would allow hu- chief, said last month. man rights groups and United Nations offi- The army said this month it had only one Sydney Morning Herald 13 November 1993 cials more access, amid growing pressure combat battalion left in East Timor and that by Terry Friel over East Timor and human rights generally, other soldiers, in seven so-called territorial particularly from the US. battalions, were engaged in development Jakarta, Friday: Two years after Indone- Last month, the US Congress voted to projects. sian troops gunned down at least 50 civil- cut off military training funds for Indonesia, Reuter reports that contacts in Dili said ians in the dusty streets of Dili, Jakarta is largely due to concerns over human rights the city was calm. One resident said there still struggling to overcome the massive abuses in East Timor. had been a slight increase in security. “There damage done to its international standing. Washington is also threatening to ban is still some trauma over the (shooting) inci- The vexing issue of East Timor has un- arms sales and has blocked Indonesia’s dent but generally there is no problem,” the dermined Indonesia’s international reputa- planned purchase from Jordan of US-made source said. tion and its relation with other countries warplanes. since Indonesian troops moved into the eastern half of Timor island in 1975. MILITARY PREPARES FOR But the massacre of civilians outside ARMY UNABLE TO END PROTESTS ON Dili’s Santa Cruz cemetery where it is esti- TIMOR’S RESISTANCE mated that about 100 people died, placed ANNIVERSARY OF EAST Green Left #123, November 17, 1993, By TIMOR MASSACRE the issue firmly in the world spotlight again. The Government put the toll at 50 with Max Lane 12 Nov. 93 another 66 missing. The Suharto regime in Jakarta seems un- Indonesia is facing increasing interna- able to end the resistance to Indonesian JAKARTA (UPI) – Indonesia’s military tional pressure, with threats from the occupation in East Timor or bring to an end tightened security in East Timor on the eve United States to end trade privileges and ban the international diplomatic controversy of the second anniversary of a massacre of arms sales and strong criticism from a Swed- about the occupation. The regime continues pro-independence demonstrators, officials ish parliamentary delegation which recently to pretend that things are winding down, but said Friday. travelled to East Timor. the facts speak otherwise. The government, meanwhile, denied re- Anxious to resolve the problem, Indone- Major-General Theo Syafei, commander ports on foreign radio that it had arrested sia has taken several steps, among them, of Udayana/IXth Military Command based several youths planning to mark the anni- talks with East Timor’s former rulers, Por- in Bali which includes East Timor, has an- versary with protests. tugal. nounced several times that the number of “Everything is going fine in East Timor. Security is tight in East Timor as authori- battalions in East Timor will be reduced. On There are no such arrests,” said Lt. Col. ties seek to prevent anti-Indonesian protests August 17, Indonesian independence day, Johny Lumintang, the military chief in East marking the anniversary of the massacre. Jakarta announced that it would withdraw Timor’s capital Dili, as quoted by east Reports from Dili say plainclothes sol- all combat troops by the end of October, Java’s Jawa Pos newspaper. diers are on the streets and identity cards are leaving only 10 territorial battalions. Lumingtang was responding to reports on being checked of all people entering or leav- In East Timor, a special territorial mili- foreign radio that a number of youths plan- ing the capital. tary operation, Operasi Tuntas (Operation ning to mark the anniversary of the massacre The provincial Governor, Mr. Abilio Finally Complete) has been designed. It is at the Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili were Soares, reassured a delegation of European comparable to the “low-intensity conflict” arrested by military authorities Thursday parliamentarians yesterday that no disrup- strategy conducted in the Philippines or night. tions would be allowed to mark the second Central America in the ‘80s. Its objective is Government soldiers opened fire on pro- anniversary, saying: “Those who took part to isolate the armed resistance from the independence demonstrators at the cemetery on Nov. 12, 1991, killing scores of protes- Page 22 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. population and create a new social (i.e. In- TWO EAST TIMOR REBELS BIBILEU: GENOCIDE ON A donesian) structure in the villages. Syafei now asserts that only nine territo- SURRENDER TO OFFICIALS MASSIVE SCALE rial battalions and one combat battalion Jakarta ANTARA in English, 11 Nov. 93. Publico, 12 November 1993. By Jean-Pierre remain in East Timor. A full-strength Indo- Note: This is scanned material and contains Catry (Peace is Possible in E.T.). Translated nesian battalion consists of 650 men, which obvious errors. – John from Portuguese. Abridged (lists of the dead means that about 5000 soldiers are perma- not included) nently based in East Timor, quite a sizable Dili, 11 Nov. (OANA-ANTARA)–Two number. According to Indonesian military members of the outlawed Fretilin [Revolu- (Lisbon) On the day marking the second standards, a region the size of East Timor tionary Front for an Independent East anniversary of the massacre at Santa Cruz, would have only two or three battalions. Timor] group, a Security Disturbance in Dili, Publico tells the story of Bibileu, a While the Timorese resistance has gradu- Movement [GPK] in East Timor, have sur- grouping of small Timorese villages (in the ally switched to a strategy of focusing more rendered. Viqueque region, to the south-east of Dili), on clandestine work in urban areas (to which “Americo dos Santos alias Maufitun and whose inhabitants were dying, between the Indonesian military responds by launch- Rosa Da Cabral gave themselves up to the 1975 and 1991, - the victims of the repres- ing territorial warfare), armed action remains local security force,” Major L. Simbolon, a sion (in some cases direct, in others indirect) an important symbol of resistance. spokesman of the Wiradharma 164th Regi- of Indonesian military occupation. The The Indonesian military commander in ment, told ANTARA here Thursday. documents and testimonies were collected East Timor, Colonel Jhony Lumintang, Maufitun surrendered in Fohogam, Leu- by the Portuguese non-governmental organi- claims that there are only 107 guerrillas left tem regency, at 8 p.m. local time on Tues- sation Peace is Possible in East Timor. ... in the bush. But guerilla activities remain a day 9 November. He was carrying a M-16 The sources of information were: a hand- constant threat for the Indonesian military. automatic rifle with 85 ammunitions and a written diary, a letter from the Commander In mid-October, 200 combat troops were grenade. of the local militia, the testimony of a deployed in the Baucau region to track Meanwhile, Rosa Da Cabral, six months Catholic priest, and the survivors of the down Timorese guerilla units. pregnant, gave herself up on Sunday, 7 No- massacre. There are now signs that the Indonesian vember. Her husband, who is also a Fretilin There are 352 names. The anonymous military is upgrading its strategy of member, is still at large, hand which wrote them down also indicated “Timorisation” of the war. On October 5, The two cited lack of food supplies as the sex, age, birthplace, date, place and cause Syafei inaugurated a new force called Pasu- the main motivation behind their surrender. of death, and the military unit responsible. kan Adat (“Traditional” Troops), consisting They found hiding in the forest without Church sources say that the true figure of 3844 Timorese paramilitaries recruited adequate nutrition made their life difficult, could be four times greater. The first deaths from all 13 districts. Simbolon said. occurred in 1975, the year of the invasion. There continue to be reports of armed Maufitun was quoted as saying that he The latest deaths were in 1991, time of the clashes in East Timor, the last one in the realised he had been a victim of propaganda Dili massacre. This data on genocide in one Indonesian press occurring on October 22. by Fretilin members living overseas. The Timorese borough shows that Santa Cruz The Indonesian military claims one group was fighting for East Timor’s inde- was not an isolated accident. Timorese guerilla was killed. At the same pendence which was a former Portuguese No one could have guessed the content of time there are reports that demonstrations colony and Indonesia’s youngest province. the school exercise book, with its picture of occurred during the recent visit of US con- “It was all a big lie,” Simbolon said quot- a kitten and the inscription “Search for a gressional aides to East Timor. ing Maufitun. Friend” in English on its cover, which was In Indonesia, radical activists in the Indo- He and Da Cabral will be reunited with secretly handed over to a foreign visitor. nesian Forum for International Solidarity their families in line with the authorities’ Inside, a Timorese had listed the names of (FISI) issued a statement reiterating their policy to return all surrendering GPK mem- 352 people, all hailing from the “suco” support for the freedom struggle in East bers to relatives to enable their integration (group of villages, roughly equivalent to a Timor. back in society. Portuguese “borough”) of Bibileu, district of Diplomatically also East Timor continues According to Simbolon, Da Cabral ex- Viqueque, who had been killed between to remain a problem, except in relation to pressed her wish to be sent to “puskesmas,” 1975 and 1991. Australia, which has become Suharto’s main a public health center, when she gave herself The author, who apparently had first diplomatic ally. Last month, the US ambas- up. hand, or in some cases second hand, knowl- sador to Indonesia, Robert Barry, listed East “She wants to deliver her baby there and edge of the victims, indicates the age, sex, Timor, human rights and labour rights as she has heard about the developments pro- birthplace of each of them. Also noted are three issues hindering the further develop- gressing in East Timor,” he added. the date, place and way in which the victim ment of good relations. The word “puskesmas” was unknown to died, as well as the name of the military unit Indonesian press reports of his speech East Timorese previously, Simbolon said. responsible, when appropriate. noted that the US Senate is considering link- The major believed that the spirit of the 209 of the victims are men; 93 women, ing future arms sales to Indonesia with im- GPK members has declined. “Many who and 50 children. 93 deaths are listed between provements in the situation in East Timor. are hiding in mountains and forests are start- 1975 and 1982; 158 deaths during 1983 ing to surrender and those who remained alone, and 101 deaths between 1984 and have resorted to robbing the local villagers,” 1991 (the year of the last entry). While the he said. In a recent incident in Baucau, a massacres did not cease over the 16 years number of GPK members attacked several covered, the document shows a brutal in- local hunters. crease in 1983 - 8 years after the invasion took place. Two Portuguese journalists (including Publico’s envoy), in Dili last February to East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 23 report on the start of Xanana Gusmão’s pened, or about the Craras camp itself. Ac- ture of the real situation, especially since trial, were handed another exercise book cording to a letter from Virgilio dos Anjos, from 1976 to 1982 the people were dis- containing the names of 301 Timorese, who resistance military commander from 1975 to persed and constantly moving around, had been arrested and tortured in another 1979, he and his men surrendered their which made gathering accurate information borough, also in the Viqueque district. The weapons to Indonesian troops. Perhaps it difficult. exact location was not identified, but the was because of this, or just because they The letter from Commander Virgilio dos places in which the arrest occurred point to were lucky enough to surrender to a more Anjos says that the men recruited for the a borough in the Uato-Lari area, to the east law-abiding Indonesian commander (Suharto camp’s militia were fulfilling their role of Viqueque. Of the 301 listed, 131 were had promised to spare the lives of those against their will. The Indonesians were given as missing since the date of arrest, and who surrendered) which saved them from under no illusions, and the militia were not had, therefore, probably been killed (see the massacre that wiped out the majority of given weapons. However, in order to get Publico 19 February). the fighters who surrendered. hold of weapons, the militia tricked the Bibileu, situated in the mountains to the Arrested and ill-treated, Virgilio dos An- Indonesians. In league with their “armed north-west of Viqueque, is not unique in jos and his men were taken to the outskirts resistance brothers,” writes the Commander, East Timor’s recent history but by chance, of Dili, and subjected to a pro-Indonesia they simulated an attack on the camp, so as there are various testimonies concerning the “mentalisation” program. Once returned to to then be able to justify being armed. The population of this borough: The exercise Craras, they were forced to take part in Indonesians gave them weapons in October book, a letter from the local militia com- “military operations against our brothers in 1982. mander, the testimonies from a Catholic the armed resistance,” writes Virgilio dos In March 1983, the Indonesian Military priest and people who escaped from the Anjos. Commander of East Timor, Colonel Pur- camp in which the population had been “Our surrender never meant that we ac- wanto, entered into negotiations with enclosed. This rare collection of information cepted integration,” the former resistance Xanana Gusmão. has enabled a picture to emerge of the geno- commander continues. He had, meantime, The initial talks were held in resistance- cide on a massive scale. been promoted to commander of the Craras controlled areas. A cease-fire is agreed, but When the Indonesian navy disembarked militia, formed by the Indonesians. Xanana insists that, before discussing the in December 1975, first in Dili and then Little is known about life in this camp. main issue, the Indonesian Government Baucau, and when early the following year The strategic villages, which the Timorese inform the UN Secretary General about the Jakarta’s troops flooded into the remaining called “concentration camps,” were com- start of negotiations. This would be the only cities and coastal towns, four-fifths of the posed of a nucleus of houses, positioned in assurance that Indonesia was sincere about Timorese population fled before it. The a confined spaced, so as to facilitate surveil- entering into dialogue. For three months, the Indonesian military gradually occupied the lance. Each camp was guarded by an Indo- Timorese waited for Jakarta’s reply. main communication channels and the cities nesian military unit which, when it expected On 26 June, General B. Murdani sent an and towns in which they were installed, but an attack by the resistance, installed itself in ultimatum: “Our army is prepared to de- the majority of the population left before the midst of the houses, thereby using civil- stroy you if you are not prepared to coop- the troops’ arrival. The people took refuge ians for its own protection. erate with our Republic,” and he sets the in the mountains, in the island’s interior, The nucleus of living quarters was sur- month of August as the deadline for surren- where the Falintil (Fretilin’s armed forces) rounded by a strip of land for cultivation der. organised resistance. purposes, which was itself surrounded by a When the first signs that Murdani was In spite of the problems arising from the free circulation area, where the people could putting his words into action, the militia at relocation of hundreds of thousands of peo- gather the crops planted before the forma- Craras reacted. The immediate reason for the ple to the hilly interior areas, survival was tion of the camp, gather foods that grew uprising was abuses perpetrated by the possible, thanks to agriculture, abundant spontaneously, collect firewood, etc. The Indonesian soldiers at the camp: after a cattle, and the spontaneous natural re- size of these two areas, for cultivation and party they had raped several women from sources of a generous equatorial soil. The gathering, varied from camp to camp, ac- the camp. However, the rebellion had been greatest difficulties began in 1977, when the cording to the nature of the land, and the planned for a long time. On 8 August, the invading soldiers systematically used air- existence of resistance groups in the neigh- militia attacked the Indonesian garrison. l6 planes to bomb the places where signs of bourhood. military were killed (two escaped). Before life were detected, and to burn crops. The lists in the exercise book show that returning to the bush, the Timorese militia For two years, the people had to be on people did die of starvation in Craras but, managed to get hold of 17 weapons. the move constantly, in order to escape the compared to other camps, it was not one of The occupiers waited one month before bombing and to search for food. the worst. reacting. On 7 September, they entered Cra- Craras, strategic village The militia rebels ras and killed all those who had not fled the camp - about 200 women, babies, and old From 1978 onwards, the Indonesian According to the testimonies of two people. army increased its attacks on the refuge people living in Craras, there were 1593 In the days that followed, the rest of the areas. In 1979, the majority of the Timorese inhabitants in the camp in 1983. They had population was surrounded and subjected to population was forced to surrender, not come from seven villages in Bibileu. The bombing attacks from the air. When about only on account of the constant attacks, but exercise book, which lists the victims ac- 800 civilians were rounded up near the We- also the starvation and sickness caused by cording to their village of origin, mentions Tuku river, south from Craras, they were deprivation. Such was the fate of the Bibileu six: Aisahe, Maneclaran, Tato Hosa, We massacred by machine gun fire. There was a people, who were regrouped and kept under Bae, Laku Wai and Amarlesa. For the 1975- sole survivor - a man named Tino-Kaik, who guard in a camp, or a so-called “strategic 1982 period, 93 deaths are recorded. How- had hidden beneath the bodies. village” in Craras. ever, judging from 1983, it may be con- The last group of fugitives from the camp There is not much information about how cluded that there is further information and were captured a few days later and taken to the surrender of the Bibileu people hap- that this list is probably an incomplete pic- another camp called Klalerek Mutin, near Page 24 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. the south coast, where they continued to be tack on their post. They also threatened to imprisoned for refusing to go with soldiers. subjected to reprisals (see letter from Vir- kill the men on guard, if they did not raise Taken to the Viqueque Kasi Satu (military gilio dos Anjos). the alarm when guerrillas were close or pass- command), they were tortured with electric Concentration Camp ing by. shocks and cigarette burns to the face, On 24 July 1986, six men on guard duty, breasts and genitals. In November 1984, Mnsgr. Belo was not whose ages ranged from 10 to 47 years old, In 1990, the camp had a total of 1552 in- allowed to visit the Klalerek Mutin camp, were accused of not raising the alarm when habitants: 30 widowers and 191 widows when he was visiting nearby. A Catholic guerrillas were passing by. After being (less widowers and more widows than six priest, who was allowed to carry out reli- beaten and tortured (with sharpened points years previously, as men were especially gious duties at the camp, wrote that among of sticks, and electric shocks), they con- targeted). In March, 17 terrified people the people who had been regrouped at fessed after three days of this treatment that managed to flee the camp. When they ar- Klalerek Mutin, there were 46 widowers, they had been contacted by a relative of one rived to Viqueque they made complaints to 122 widows, and 276 orphans. According to of them, who was in the resistance. the authorities about the abuses committed his testimony, 1278 of the Craras inhabi- The night guard duty exhausted the men, by the garrison in Klalerek Mutin: on any tants had been killed, and 56 had disap- who were forced, along with the other in- pretext, people were being arrested, tor- peared. habitants, to take part in Gotong Royong - tured, forced to denounce others, who in The 158 people listed in the exercise voluntary work for the community which, turn suffered the same fate. book as killed in 1983 are, therefore, but a in East Timor, is forced labour carried out Sometimes, as in the case of Candido small part of those who were actually killed for the benefit of the military or privileged Amaral, accused by Sebastiao dos Reis of that year. They are just the ones which the individuals. possessing a firearm, the brutality ended in author, who was living outside Klalerek In Klalerek Mutin, this work basically death. The truth, or simply a means em- Mutin, managed to identify. consisted of preparing a vast area of plain, ployed by Sebastian to put an end to his There was an obvious desire to punish which would eventually be used by the torture? Candido either did not want, or was the survivors from Craras, regrouped in military or some of their collaborators. After unable to produce the firearm. “They un- Klalerek Mutin. The camp had been located escavating the land, everyone - men, women dressed him, ridiculed him, burned his geni- in the southern coastal area which, given its and children - were forced to trample on the tals with lighted cigarettes. At 5 o’clock on sanitary conditions, was known to be un- damp earth until it became soft, and “good 29 March 1990, they dragged him to Tula- suitable for permanent habitation, especially and mushy.” This long and arduous work Metan, a place by the sea, and killed him because of malaria. had traditionally been done by herds of with machine gun fire, that disintegrated Before the invasion, the fertile area had buffalo. However, after the invasion, nearly part of his body.” been used by people from Viqueque for all these animals disappeared, and the The Viqueque authorities turned a deaf growing rice, but this was subsequently Timorese were forced to do the work. The ear to the fugitives’ complaints, but when abandoned as it became impossible to get people were only allowed to cultivate their the news got to Dili, the Commander of the there. On the pretext of avoiding any chance own vegetable gardens within a one kilome- Commandos’ Battalion was impelled to take of the people again attacking their Indone- tre radius of the camp. action. The soldiers responsible for the sian guards, all sharp objects were taken For most of the year, they only had 2 or death were relocated to other units, without from them - knives, machetes, etc. 3 days per week to work for themselves, any further punishment. The Battalion One year later, according to the priest’s but at the times of greatest agricultural activ- Commander sent two sacks of rice to the testimony, the people were given 20 picks, ity (sowing, pruning, harvest) the amount of man’s widow and five children... 10 machetes and six hoes for working on the time spent in forced labour for the occupier According to a foreign visitor who went land. There are many ways of killing people was increased, just leaving Sunday for their to Klalerek Mutin in 1991, the appearance - starving them to death is one way. own work. of the camp, which even won a “best kept There was neither doctor nor nurse, nor village” prize, does not give any hint of any medicine at the camp. Sickness was rife, Two Sacks of Rice for a Man’s Life concealing so much suffering. Contact with and there was “extreme hunger and depriva- The women also were forced to work the inhabitants there is out of the question tion.” without pay in the houses of the Indone- without the presence of the Indonesians or sians and their collaborators: collecting wa- Forced Labour their agents. Any Timorese talking to a visi- ter and fire wood, washing dishes and On 11 October 1986, two people man- tor would, therefore, certainly expect subse- clothes, etc. This work was officialised by aged to escape from Klalerek Mutin. Much quent interrogation and reprisals. means of a list affixed in the “Balay-Desa.” of the information contained in this report However, what revolted the people most was supplied by them, and by the Catholic deeply was the fact that young women, priest already mentioned. both single and married, were forced into EVENTS IN INDONESIA Two security rings surrounded the camp: carrying out other services for the Indone- the first consisted of 12 watch posts (jagas), sians on demand. occupied every night by the able bodied men MARIO CARRASCALÃO TO Similarly, there was the supposed sports of the camp. The second ring was composed day (“ola raga”), when the young women RUMANIA of 10 watch posts, situated every 300 me- were made to wear shorts and play football tres, and occupied during the day by two Editor, 28 October 1993. By Suryansyah. with the soldiers. After the match there was men in each one. Translated from Indonesian, Abridged. a dance and the women, single and recently Inside the camp there was an Indonesian married, were forced to go with the soldiers military platoon, supported by 12 Timorese Headline: My problem every day In August 1985, three women - Cristina the Resistance’s IV Unit A Company which Ex-East Timor Governor Mario Viegas (30), Martinha (32) and Adelina Soares (26), was active in the area, the military threat- Carrascalão has been appointed Indonesian whose husbands were in the bush, were ened to kill the people if there were an at- Ambassador to Rumania from early 1994. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 25

Rumours circulate in Jakarta that he was a He said probably one obstacle in deter- trains the 2 air force’s pilots in air combat supporter of the Fretilin [sic] clandestine mining a hero from the province is that the techniques. network, and some expected him to move to Law requires a hero to be a deceased person The RAAF aircraft arrived in Medan Portugal. while most East Timorese involved in the from the Butterworth air force base in Ma- In an interview, Carrascalão said the ru- integration process are still alive. laysia where they have been involved in a mours about his treasonous intentions were Five Power air defence exercise. fueled by corrupters he had offended whilst ANC HAILS PLAN TO OPEN Lt.-Col. Eris Haryanto, who is command- governing ET. He said the reason for the INDONESIAN CONSULATE IN ing Indonesia’s contingent in the exercise delay in his appointment was that he had said his team would stay on the defensive refused offers of ambassadorships outside SOUTH AFRICA because of the Hornet’s superior technology Europe. He would use the opportunity to and capability. Jakarta Post 5 November 1993. Unabridged convince people to accept the integration of Australia’s air attaché in Jakarta, Group (excluding paras on different topic) ET into Indonesia. Captain Rick Jones, said that he hoped this CARRASCALÃO WILL CAMPAIGN (Jakarta) The African National Congress week’s activity would contribute to the has welcomed Indonesia’s decision to open ABOUT EAST TIMOR establishment of a much closer relationship a consulate in South Africa, Minister of between the RAAF and the Indonesian Air Kompas, 20 October 1993. Abridged Foreign Affairs Ali Alatas said. Force in future. Mario Viegas Carrascalão was one of Alatas made the announcement after ac- eleven ambassadors sworn in by President companying Allan Boesak, aide to Nelson WHAT DO INDONESIAN Suharto on Tuesday. He will be Indonesia’s Mandela and chairman of the South African ambassador in Romania and said he regards Peace and Justice Foundation, to see Presi- PEOPLE THINK OF EAST the post as suitable, because the language dent Suharto at Bina Graha on Wednesday. TIMOR? they speak in Romania is rather like Portu- During the occasion, Boesak presented a guese which he speaks fluently. letter from Mandela to Suharto. From ‘Lenito’ by email, Nov. 23, 1993 Replying to questions from journalists, Boesak was invited to Indonesia because Hope this piece of info may help your he said he would campaign on Indonesia’s Jakarta hoped to forge closer relations with genuine opinions. behalf in Romania. “I once lived there for the ANC, especially given that he is a close At best of my knowledge the Indonesian eighteen years (sic), I have many friends aide to Mandela, Alatas said. people think that East Timor is the 27th there some of whom are now government He said the ANC is expected to emerge provinces (which integrated into the RI) on officials and I will do my best to tell them as the winner in the first non-racist elections demand of the East Timorese (majority) in about East Timor which is now a part of to be held in South Africa next year. the Indonesian archipelago. They don’t Indonesia.” The government announcement last know that the ‘real war’ has taken place Asked what his feelings were on being month that Indonesian entrepreneurs are there. Many of them have never heard about appointed an ambassador, he said: “This is now free to travel to South Africa to tap the war in East Timor, what they believe yet another proof that what I have done in trade and investment opportunities, follow- and have been told so far is that East Timor the past is accepted by the government, ing the UN decision to lift the trade embargo is now actively developing itself, focusing particularly by the President. It is out of the on South Africa. on development projects. Indonesian sol- question for a traitor to be appointed am- To facilitate the entrepreneurs, the Min- diers who are being deployed there are de- bassador.” istry of Foreign Affairs is currently working signed to help villagers building infrastruc- Asked whether anyone had accused him on a plan to open a consulate in South Af- ture, only a few battalions being deployed of treachery, he said: “There are people who rica. Indonesia will begin considering open- there to fight against Fretilin remnants. regard me as controversial. When I was ap- ing an embassy after the elections next year. Apart from that, many Indonesians pointed governor of East Timor, I carried thought that in East Timor, Fretilin mem- out my duties according to the aspirations AUSTRALIAN & INDONESIAN bers are communists, therefore they have to of the people. But because of my style, AIR FORCES EXERCISE AT be dealt by the armed forces in the Indone- some people would have preferred me to sian backyard. It therefore, during the period remain silent. But I can’t stay silent on mat- MEDAN of late 70s and through 80s the Indonesian ters related to the government’s interests, or people were completely left behind by the the people’s interests - particularly the RAAF JOINS EXERCISE OVER news of atrocities (a series of military op- people’s interests; I will never remain silent SUMATRA eration which resulted many casualties, on their interests.” The Australian, Monday Nov. 15, 1993 death, starvation, disease, massacre, torture Four F/A 18 fighters from the RAAF’s and so on inside East Timor). Access to EAST TIMOR HERO SOUGHT 76 squadron (RAAF = Royal Australian air East Timor for visitors is very strict, only in force) soared over northern Sumatra yester- December 1988, the Indonesian generals Jakarta Post, 4 November 1993. Un- day in the first joint exercises with the In- softened their policy to ‘open East Timor’ abridged donesian Air Force. A total of 180 air force for visitors without special permission. However, such a move is still questionable Chairman of the National Heroes Day staff from both countries are participating in Committee Lt. General Sutopo Yuwono a 5 day exercise at the Palonia airforce base when it comes into practice. says it is high time for the government to near Medan. Ironically, most of the Indonesian people name a national hero from the province of The first bilateral air exercises see the DO NOT AWARE (or they are somewhat East Timor. RAAF Hornet fighters pitted against Indo- partially blind) of what was happening in Sutopo told reporters the hero should be nesia’s aging F5 Tigers. According to Indo- East Timor, they were indoctrinized by the someone who was involved in the process nesian defence sources, the 2 sides are prac- government for nearly two decades that East of integration in 1976. tising ‘dissimilar air combat tactics,’ which Timor is an integral part of the Republic of Indonesia and the province is now undertak- Page 26 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. ing its development programme to catch up ing ‘silenced’ by the Indonesian policy mak- INDONESIA PROTESTS its backwardness with other provinces in- ers and voices of moderation are being heard side Indonesia. calling for change. PORTUGAL’S ALLEGATIONS Atrocities, genocide committed by the To date, it’s hard to say what do people OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES Indonesian soldiers have been suppressed think of East Timor, apart from the “classi- by the Indonesian mainstream press and one cal way of thinking” but an obvious reason UPI, Dec. 3 can hardly find the real story from inside to be pointed out is that most Indonesians JAKARTA (UPI) – Indonesia Friday East Timor. On the contrary, any advanta- are reluctant to take risk in their lives of denounced Portugal’s latest criticism of geous movement such as the capture, encir- voicing different or alternative opinions, alleged human rights violations in East clement or annihilation by the Indonesian instead they adhere to the official govern- Timor, and warned the accusations could armed forces toward the guerilla remnants ment lines (i.e. East Timor is an integral part undermine ongoing dialogue between the (GPK in the Indonesian terminology, known of RI). Those who come up with a different two nations. as ‘security disturbance movement’ in the alternative that East Timor must be given a “Indonesia deeply regrets that despite bush, were the major elements of the Ja- full autonomy leading to independence seem the understanding achieved during the last karta’s administration for public consump- to be waited until the present regime meeting between the foreign ministers of tion. The ritual ceremony of giving award to changed I guess. Indonesia and Portugal in New York Sept. soldiers who succeeded in their operation of Thanks for reading this. 17, the government of Portugal continues to killing the East Timorese (due to their heroic make unsubstantiated charges against Indo- feats in East Timor) appeared frequently in MUSLIMS IN JAKARTA nesia and to twist the facts surrounding the the headlines of most papers. OPPOSED MASSACRES issue of East Timor,” a statement released What most people do believe is that there by the Indonesian foreign ministry said. is a “special area” that must be treated dif- According to an AP item datelined No- Jakarta is protesting a Portuguese state- ferently in terms of security inside East vember 26 that I saw in a local Japanese ment that used the term “massacre” in de- Timor. So far it’s like a taboo for the press newspaper on November 28, the East Timor scribing a Nov. 12, 1991, clash in the East to figure out the exact number of innocent issue figured in the November 26 demon- Timorese provincial capital of Dili. In that soldiers who have been deployed there. stration in Jakarta by Muslims demanding incident, government soldiers fired on a pro- More extremely, the horrendous reprisal an end to the lottery in Indonesia. The rele- independence demonstration, killing scores originated by the army towards the East vant part translates: “On that day 500 stu- of protesters. Timorese was poorly covered by the Indo- dents descended on the parliament to de- Indonesia claims Lisbon is bound by the nesian press. mand the banning of the lottery and distrib- 1992 chairman of the Commission of Hu- So to answer your questions of how do uted stickers which read, in reference to the man Rights’ statement officially describing people think of East Timor, my observation shooting incident by the army in East Timor the 1991 clash as an “incident.” Jakarta says is that as human beings, the Indonesian in 1991, ‘Suharto, the mastermind behind both nations agreed to that designation. people do think about the suffer of the East the tragedy.’” Indonesian troops invaded East Timor Timorese people although they were not – Jean Inglis, (Free East Timor Japan Coa- soon after Lisbon withdrew from the former well-informed and experienced as the East lition), Nov. 29 Portuguese colony in 1975, and Jakarta Timorese themselves. It is perfectly under- annexed the territory one year later. Op- standable of how the policy makers man- Clarification from Carmel, TAPOL: posed by many residents, the annexation aged the situation. Close the territory of The sticker produced by Yayawan Pijar resulted in a civil war that reportedly East Timor out of visitors (either Indone- and distributed to demonstrators outside the claimed the lives of as much as one-third of sians or foreigners) is one of the main ele- Parliament Building was an attack on Su- the East Timorese population. ment of avoiding public prominence where harto as the responsible person for all mas- The United Nations does not recognize the situation in East Timor is explosive and sacres. It reads: Indonesia’s sovereignty over East Timor remains pervasive. The vicious military “SDSB - Suharto Dalang Segala Bencana and still regards Portugal as the administra- offensive has been underway over the years [Suharto is the Cause of all Disasters]. It tive power. and with fresh troops sent to East Timor on then lists: Sampang (Madura), Haur Koneng Jakarta and Lisbon have agreed to a a regular basis are completely left out of (in West Java, the killings in July this year), fourth round of talks on the issue, scheduled most Indonesians knowledge. Only a few Dili, Aceh, [one name that is undecipherable for May 6 in Geneva. handy people know about this and it is in our copy] and Tanjung Priok (1984). limited to a certain circle of people who They are all YOUR responsibility.” WHITHER INDONESIAN never made it publicly. ––––––––– POLITICS? This only came into effect after the for- Our information is that the four people tuitous video camera in the hands of a cou- rounded up at the demo have since been By Maggie Ford in Jakarta, Business Times, rageous cameraman recorded for the first released, but Nuku Sulaiman of Yayasan Dec. 10, 1993 time on one of the many massacres that Pijar who was arrested with a police warrant took place in East Timor. The massacre of The travails of the small but increasingly later that night, ‘for insulting the President’ successful Indonesia Democratic Party are over 200 civilians in Dili on 12 November is now in police custody. He could, if 1991 infuriated a wide number of individu- fast becoming a barometer of movement in brought to trial, be sentenced to up to eight als, NGOs, activists and students, govern- the country’s politics. Decisions over the years. ments inside Indonesia and worldwide. Since next few days may show whether the pre- then, the problem of East Timor is consid- vailing winds are set fair or due for change. ered as a ‘sharp gravel in the Indonesian Yesterday, President Suharto, in his first shoe” as pointed out by the Foreign Minis- statement on this week’s deadlocked oppo- ter Ali Alatas. Many people become aware sition congress, called for a peaceful end to of the real situation in East Timor after be- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 27 the row which had blocked the daughter of President Suharto’s New Order government, little known to the world at large. The prize his predecessor from becoming leader. like Golkar and the United Development changed that. According to a Reuter report, Interior Party, the only three political groups al- Indonesia is the world’s fourth largest Minister Yogie Mehmed, who has himself lowed. “The failure of the one is the failure state, in terms of population. The East faced accusations that he masterminded the of all,” the editorial said. Timorese constitute one of the very smallest deadlock, quoted the president as calling on The task for Soesilo Soerdarmon, minis- nations in the world. The East Timorese are Megawati Sukarnoputri and other members ter in charge of politics and security, and an indigenous people famed for their tradi- of the Indonesia Democratic Party (PDI) to Yogie Mehmed is thus more difficult than in tional environmental integration and non- reach consensus. the past, when all that was required was an exploitative harvesting of natural resources. “Let’s solve this in a good way. There indication of support for one PDI faction or Indonesia has not had a similar approach to should be a consensus. Differences are fine another. the large reserves of oil and rich natural re- but must be of some quality,” he quoted Political commentators have pointed out sources on the Timor island and in the Mr. Suharto as saying yesterday. that failure to respect the choice of the ma- Timor Sea. The government is to call in leaders of the jority at the conference could create a disil- A Portuguese colony for more than 400 party, including Megawati Sukarno, its de lusioned underground political movement years, the people of East Timor represents a facto new leader, in an effort to sort out the and affect Indonesia’s international image. Roman Catholic enclave in the present In- PDI’s third conference failure in a row. But And if the ministers refuse to accept the donesian Muslim setting. Their language is this time, mediators face a new situation. endorsement of Ms Megawati, they will not accepted and their cultural identity sup- For despite the inability of the party to also dash hopes that have already been pressed. choose a leader according to its rules, an raised by no less than President Suharto The people of East Timor are fighting for overwhelming number of delegates meeting himself over the future of political change in independence in the face of massive Indone- last weekend in Surabaya, East Java, made Indonesia. sian repression. Amnesty International has their position clear. Mr. Suharto has made it clear in the past since the invasion documented a pattern of Despite procedural obstacles, more than year that he supports more press freedom, gross and persistent human rights violations 250 of the 300 branches and all of the less military involvement in politics, and a by Indonesian security forces in the terri- party’s 27 provincial chapters endorsed Ms more active Parliament. tory. These have included extra-judicial Megawati, daughter of Indonesia’s first The next few days will no doubt reveal executions, ‘disappearances,’ torture and ill- president, as their leader. whether or not he will allow a party which treatment, political imprisonment and unfair In contrast to an earlier party conference could threaten the dominance of Golkar, his trial. held in Medan in July, which broke up amid ruling vehicle, to realise its potential. The Pope visited East Timor is 1989. A violent disarray as one faction physically Portuguese parliamentary delegation had to fought another, the Surabaya meeting man- call of its visit in 1991. On 11 (sic) Novem- aged to remain peaceful. THE TIMORESE ber 1991, Indonesian troops shot some 180 The emergence of Ms Megawati marks EXTERNAL RESISTANCE East Timorese civilians in a funeral proces- the first time that the PDI membership has sion for a repression victim at the Santa been offered the choice of a genuine political Cruz cemetery in Dili, the East Timorese figure of stature as a leader. Although a THE PEOPLE OF EAST capital. Witnessed by foreigners, the Santa Member of Parliament, Ms Megawati has Cruz massacre provided evidence for Indo- not moved to the centre of the political stage TIMOR AWARDED THE 1993 nesian bloodshed, but it did not put an end until now. RAFTO HUMAN RIGHTS to it. Recently, scores of East Timorese In the past, the PDI had been bedeviled PRIZE students have been detained by the security by factionalism and outside interference. forces. But under its most recent leader Soerjadi, it Press Release of the Professor Thorolf Rafto The United Nations has time and again was able to galvanise significant support Foundation for Human Rights (Bergen, and all along, condemned the armed invasion during elections and to cut into the vote of Norway), October 10 and Indonesian occupation of East Timor. the ruling Golkar group. Invaded militarily by Indonesia on 7th Mr. José Ramos-Horta, journalist, writer Golkar has dominated Indonesian politics December 1975, East Timor was proclaimed and diplomat and a leading figure for the since President Suharto’s New Order gov- the ‘27th Province of Indonesia.’ The Indo- East Timorese will receive the Prize on be- ernment took over from President Sukarno nesian annexation of East Timor has been half of the East Timorese people. Mr. José in the late 196s. The government has extraordinarily brutal - under Indonesian rule Ramos-Horta has represented his people at pledged to democratise Golkar and enforced some 200,000 East Timorese, or approxi- the United Nations and presented last year a a policy of civilian control of the group two mately one-third of the total population, three-point peace proposal for East Timor months ago. have died. asking for peace negotiations under the aus- Despite pledges that the government Indonesia has attempted to veil the pices of the United Nations. would not interfere in PDI’s congress, ana- atrocities of East Timor by silence. East The Prize ceremony will take place at lysts say the “ghosts” of past interference Timor has been basically off-limits to eve- Den Nationale Scene theatre in Bergen, and political engineering can be seen hover- ryone. This, combined with geo-politics and Norway, on 4 November 1993. ing over the organisation. the strategic importance of the Indonesian For further information please contact Political scientist Sumartana describes the archipelago are reasons why the ruthless The Rafto Foundation for Human Rights, repeated failure of the party to achieve a Indonesian occupation of East Timor has tel: 47 55 25 75 90 - fax: 47 55 95 33 10. successful outcome to its leadership crisis as virtually been ignored internationally and by [The Foundation’s announcement of its caused by a “striving for freedom against the media. When Aung San Suu Kyi was decision to award this year’s prize to East bribery, intrigue and the abuse of power.” awarded the 1990 Rafto Human Right Prize, Timor was widely reported as front-page An editorial in Republika newspaper the suffering of the people of Burma was news in the Norwegian press and on TV.] pointed out that the PDI was a child of Page 28 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

CNRM REP RECEIVES HUMAN about 700,000 people in 1974, a country who shot 271 civilians in cold-blood es- RIGHTS AWARD rich with proven oil reserves, natural gas, caped with almost total impunity. manganese, marble, sandalwood, the best Time and again I think of this war and all Statement by Mr. José Ramos-Horta, coffee in the world, a fertile soil and a rich the wars. I think of the persecution of the Chairman and Special Representative of the sea. Jewish and the holocaust and the world’s National Council of Maubere Resistance East Timor was poor but at peace. The indifference; I think of the gypsies killed by upon receiving the 1993 Professor Thorolf Portuguese colonial rulers, for all their mis- the Nazis and who are still discriminated Rafto Human Rights Award.. Bergen, 4 No- deeds, largely left the people alone. Apart everywhere; I think of the poor African vember 1993 from the introduction of the Catholic faith migrant workers who having seen the wealth Distinguished members of the Board of which today is the single most potent unify- of their countries looted by European pow- Professor Thorolf Rafto Foundation, La- ing force in East Timor, the Portuguese did ers and who are forced to take menial jobs in dies and gentlemen: not do much to alter the traditional status France and Germany are subjected to all I am honoured to be here today and thank quo. East Timor was an island of peace, forms of humiliation; I think of the Guate- you for the invitation extended to me to stability, racial tolerance, where peoples of mala Indians murdered every day by the receive the 1993 Professor Thorolf Rafto so many diverse ethnic origins and lan- army; I think of the 40,000 million Burmese Human Rights Award on behalf of the peo- guages, Malay-Polynesian, Melanesians, people imprisoned by a military clique in- ple of East Timor. I wish also to express my Portuguese, Chinese, some Arabs, co-existed volved in drug trafficking; I think of the gratitude to our friends who thought of my in peace. Not once was there a minor racial great Tibetan people enslaved by their Chi- people and made this possible. incident in the post World War II period. nese neighbour and of the Chinese people We are here today to honour the memory All this changed in 1975. enslaved by their decrepit communist rulers; of a great man, Professor Thorolf Rafto, It is almost 20 years now since that day, I think of the people of West Papua whom whose life was a constant struggle for peace December 7 1975 when my country, East the world only think of as an exotic endan- and freedom. He belongs to that group of Timor was invaded by the armed forces of gered species; I think of the Moslem women people, men and women, whose deeds in the Republic of Indonesia. More than of Ache who are raped by a Moslem army; I their lifetime outlive life itself. Theirs was a 200,000 people died by 1981, entire villages think of the Palestinians in the West Bank life worth living and being proud of. What is wiped off the face of the Earth, entire tribes and Gaza and in the refugee camps at the our passage through this world if we see decimated, thousands of people executed, mercy of the Israeli army and of their des- injustice and we do not protest, if we see women raped in front of their husbands and potic Arab “brothers.” And I ask myself, hunger and we do not offer food to the hun- children, men tortured and killed in front of how can a group of individuals manage to gry, if we witness intolerance and we do not their families, the wealth of the country have so much destructive power and inflict offer generosity, if we see child labour and looted, the native languages robbed, the so much pain and misery to so many peo- we do not shed tears and express our anger, culture suffocated. This is not a literary ple. if we see dictatorships enslaving a whole form of expression. I talk about real people, You might ask, ladies and gentlemen, country and we cohort with them in the about human beings, about my own brothers why did Indonesia invade us? President name of national interests. Professor and sisters who were murdered, about my Suharto of Indonesia recently answered Thorolf Rafto is alive among us through a friends who were abducted and killed, I talk your question. “We invaded them because life of challenge, courage, integrity and gen- about prisoners thrown off helicopters, I of we love them.” The Chinese also love so erosity. talk about dismembered bodies of children, much the Tibetans that they decided to Allow me, ladies and gentlemen, to make I talk about families torn apart, about drown them in a sea of Chinese settlers; use of this unique occasion to share with parents, husbands and wives, brothers and Saddam Hussein loved so much the Ku- you my peoples history and struggle for sisters, children, separated by this war for waitis that he could no longer stand being freedom and our collective desire for peace almost 20 years. separated from them. In fact Saddam Hus- and our vision of our future Almost 20 years later and as we ap- sein seems to love so many people - the I come from a country that is not even proach the second anniversary of the Santa Iranians, so he invaded them; the Kurds, so classified as a Third World country. We Cruz massacre, the situation in East Timor he gassed them. belong to the poorest of the Earth, we are is explosive. The youth is restless and re- For 500 years, the people of East Timor “les damnés de la terre,” in the words of sentful. A massive crack down has been were colonised by the Portuguese. With Franz Fanon. I was born and grew up in effected for several months now with hun- them they brought the Catholic faith to- East Timor, my childhood was lived in re- dreds of arrests. Torture remains pervasive. gether with their Latin culture and values, mote villages and my first language of com- A vicious military offensive is under way which combined with the Timorese animist munication was Tetun. Where I grew up the since July and fresh troops are sent to East beliefs and rituals that had existed for over a most important event of the year was the Timor. thousand years. Throughout that period, arrival of an old truck, at the wheel an old Xanana Gusmão, our leader, remains in- there was little or no contact between the Chinese merchant. communicado in a prison thousands of miles people of East Timor and the peoples and East Timor was underdeveloped, but away from his beloved country in contra- rulers in the remote islands of Java. there was no starvation or famine. The fer- vention of the 4th Geneva Convention. His We are a different country and a different tile soil and the abundant rain fall provided trial early this year was universally con- people: we have our own history and cul- the basic crops and animals needed by the demned as a charade and a travesty of jus- ture; our own languages, religion and percep- people. The traditional society with its tice. Yet, the international community is tion of material values. religious rites and the delicate relationship doing very little to seek his release. Young Portuguese navigators, missionaries and between the people and the Earth and the Timorese who used peaceful means to ex- merchants first arrived in East Timor in environment survived centuries of Portu- press their anger over the occupation are 1511 and colonised it for almost 500 years, guese colonial rule. This is the country I sentenced to prison terms ranging from 10 making East Timor the oldest European come from, a 18.889 km2 half-island, with years to life. Indonesian soldiers and officers colony second only to Northern Ireland. It was never a part of what is today called the East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 29

Republic of Indonesia: neither in the period by their former white rulers. Attempts by independent state, full independence or of the Dutch and Portuguese colonisations whoever and from wherever to alter these many other treaty arrangements that the of the region nor even before the arrival of absurd boundaries without the consent of parties directly concerned might agree on the European powers. On independence, the the peoples affected will cause major up- through consultations, dialogue and negotia- Republic of Indonesia based itself on the heavals. Maybe the root cause of the con- tions. The use of force has proven that to area colonised by the Dutch, claiming the flicts in Africa is their colonial legacy and a impose one’s view on others has always led same political boundaries. But the Republic case can be made for negotiations leading to wars beyond anyone’s predictions. of Indonesia is in reality only a geographical towards adjustment of the boundaries that Our right to self-determination is well es- term which encompasses over 250 distinct would do justice to the millions of peoples tablished in international law and in ten nationalities, thrown together by the Dutch split off at the Berlin Conference. However, United Nations’ resolutions. In response to for simple administrative expediency, no I do not believe that any one single regime the invasion of East Timor, the Security different from the ex-USSR empire or ex- can take upon itself the task of redrawing a Council adopted two resolutions, Res. 384 Yugoslavia. Because East Timor was not country’s boundaries at the expense of its (1975) and Res. 389 (1976), calling for In- one of the territories colonised by the neighbours. But this is what President Su- donesia’s withdrawal and affirming the right Dutch, the Indonesian founding fathers did harto of Indonesia and the generals around of the people of East Timor to self- not claim it. him decided to do in 1975. Today, Indone- determination. The General Assembly In June 1974 I visited Jakarta, Indonesia, sian rulers are eager to talk about the night- adopted no less than eight resolutions along in my capacity as secretary for Foreign mares of the possible disintegration of Indo- the same lines. Affairs of the Timorese Social Democratic nesia, the Yugoslavia scenario, if they were No amount of lies, deceit, distortion and Association, and met with the then Foreign to let go of East Timor. Before the end of attempts to rewrite history will suffice to Minister of Indonesia, Mr. Adam Malik. the Cold War, Indonesia argued its case for deny us our inalienable right to self- After our third round of talks, Mr. Malik colonising East Timor with the bogus com- determination. addressed to me a letter which reads in part: munist threat. Now that the “Cold War” is Almost 20 years after the invasion, the The independence of every country is the over, another argument had to be found and problem of East Timor has not disappeared. right of every nation, with no exception for nothing better than talking about the Yugo- A fortuitous video camera in the hands of a the people of (East) Timor; slavia scenario to scare off the rest of the courageous cameraman recorded for the first ...whoever will govern in Timor in the fu- world. time one of the many massacres that took ture after independence can be assured that However, ladies and gentlemen, these In- place in my country. The massacre of 271 the government of Indonesia will always donesian generals are the very same ones Timorese civilians in Dili on 12 November strive to maintain good relations, friendship who have followed the very same totalitar- 1991 was not an isolated incident or an “ab- and cooperation for the benefit of both ian forms of a rigid, centrally controlled erration.” It followed a well-documented countries. state apparatus imposed on the peoples of pattern of gross and systematic human In the course of the discussions, I convey Yugoslavia and the ex-USSR. These are the rights abuses in many parts of East Timor to Mr. Malik our desire to develop close same generals who claimed the whole of the perpetrated by the members of the Indone- relations with Indonesia and our intention to Dutch East Indies of 250 distinct ethnic sian armed forces with the full knowledge seek membership of ASEAN. In an effort to groups speaking over 300 languages for this and active participation by the highest offi- appease our giant neighbour, I went as far as artificial conglomerate called the Republic of cers in the Army. The massacre of 12 No- proposing that our future diplomats and Indonesia and impose their will by brute vember 1991 was ordered by the then chief security forces be trained in Indonesia. force. Maybe they should learn from the of the Indonesian armed forces, now Vice- Adam Malik’s words were the words of Yugoslavia that force might delay the out- President of the Republic, Gen. Try Su- a statesman who was conscious of his coun- break of a conflict but it will not keep stabil- trisno. This is the same man who ordered try’s lack of any legitimate historical claim ity for ever. the massacre of more than 100 Muslims in to East Timor. He viewed the emergence of If we are to try to find a common de- Tanjung Priok in September 1984, the one an independent East Timor as a natural out- nominator in the ethnic conflicts that plague who ordered the killing of at least 4,000 come of the collapse of the Portuguese colo- places like Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Muslims in Aceh. nial empire. Somalia, Sudan, to mention but a few, I Against this background, as bleak as it is, However, ladies and gentlemen, then and would submit that the root cause of these we begin to see a light at the end of the tun- now, the ultimate power in Indonesia is held conflicts rests on the denial of a people or nel. There is a general realisation that the by the men in the army, the men who have groups of people their inalienable right to invasion and annexation of East Timor has the weapons, weapons supplied by the self- determination. I do advocate self- been a colossal mistake. Editorials in the Western democracies, US, UK, France, determination not only for the peoples who, Washington Post, New York Times, Wall Germany, Holland, Spain, Sweden, Norway, like the Timorese, fall within the UN classic Street Journal, Times of London, The Na- Australia. Time and again I learn how the and restrictive definition of self- tion of Bangkok are calling for self- word of an Indonesian official can be as determination, meaning, self-determination determination in East Timor. In Indonesia easily broken as it is said, how a lie becomes only for the peoples of the so-called Non- itself, voices of moderation are being heard the official truth, how lies have become part Self-Governing Territories. Self- calling for change. of the political culture and the means to determination is the right of every nation, all We note with some satisfaction the survive and perpetuate power. peoples, all groups, large and small. I am changing attitude of the US in regard to the Respect for the colonial boundaries is prepared to argue also that self- East Timor problem. Both the Congress and what has kept most of Africa, Latin Amer- determination does not always mean the Administration have taken steps to redress ica and Asia from disintegrating. As unjust creation of an independent state out of a the injustice done to us. However, we hope and bizarre was the European division of non-self-governing territory and people or that the US will not address only the human Africa at the Berlin Conference, the 51 post- from an already existing independent state. rights question, but also the root causes of colonial African states rest their very exis- The outcome of an act of self-determination the conflict. tence on the artificial boundaries worked out can be free association, integration within an Page 30 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

The UN Secretary-General is taking a the Council on Foreign Relations in New * Reduction by 50 per cent of Indonesian more personal interest in the issue. I com- York. civil servants in East Timor; mend the Secretary-General for sending a I am happy to say that since this Peace * Stationing in the territory of UN Sp e- Personal Envoy to East Timor soon after Plan was first outlined, some of the ideas we cialised Agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, the 12 November 1991 massacre and again advanced have been tested, namely, the WHO, FAO, etc. in March this year when his Envoy, Mr. question of Timorese participation in the * A comprehensive census of the popula- Amos Wako, met with Mr. Xanana Gus- negotiations under the auspices of the UN tion. mão. We also commend the Secretary- Secretary- General, involving the Portuguese * Establishment of an independent Hu- General for sending an observer to attend and Indonesian Foreign Ministers. In view man Rights Commission headed by the Xanana Gusmão’s trial. of Indonesia’s refusal to sit face to face with Catholic Bishop; The Commission on Human Rights the Timorese, we have proposed that our * Lifting of all Media control by the adopted by an overwhelming majority on 12 own involvement could be in an indirect army; March 1993 a comprehensive resolution way, following the proximity talks model * Freedom of political activities condemning Indonesian for gross and sys- tested in the Afghanistan case. We proposed * Removal of restrictions on the teaching tematic abuse of human rights in East that we should meet separately with the of Portuguese; a Portuguese Cultural Insti- Timor. This August the Sub-Commission on Secretary-General or his representatives to tute to be set up; Prevention of Discrimination and Protection whom we would convey our views. This * Appointment of a resident Representa- of Minorities in a resolution led by Prof. A. has happened already on several occasions tive of the UN Secretary-General. Eide again condemned Indonesian. in Rome and in New York. In the most re- These are some of the ideas which I be- Mistakes are inherent in the human con- cent talks on East Timor between the two lieve are feasible, could be implemented dition. Indonesian leaders must have the Foreign Ministers in New York on 17 Sep- immediately without loss of face for Indo- courage of great men and women who can tember 1993, one of the points agreed to nesia. On the contrary, its international accept their mistakes and have the vision to was that the Secretary-General should meet standing would improve significantly and its change course. personally with representatives of the presence in the territory will be less re- The recent headline news on the Israeli- Timorese people. sented, thus relieving a very tense situation. Palestinian peace talks should give all of us We hope however that the process of Phase Two - Autonomy (5 to 10) years renewed hopes inasmuch as they demon- consultation with the Timorese be extended Phase Two, lasting between five and ten strate that the seemingly most intractable to those in East Timor, namely, Mr. Xanana years, would be a period of genuine political problems can be resolved if there is political Gusmão and other leaders who are in prison, autonomy based on ample powers vested in will, courage and vision by all involved, the members of the clergy, in particular Bishop a local, democratically elected Territorial Israelis and the Palestinians. Here I wish to Ximenes Belo. People’s Assembly. The following initia- commend the Foreign Minister of Norway There cannot be a serious approach to tives and ideas could be explored and ef- for his outstanding role as a go-between and this problem without an effort being made fected. peace broker. We only hope and pray that to involve the Timorese who in East Timor. * Portugal and Indonesia normalise rela- these first steps towards peace will not be The UN should dispatch an Envoy to East tions during this phase. reversed. Timor to follow up the New York agree- * Political parties, including those advo- On our part, the Timorese political lead- ment of 17 September. cating independence for East Timor, are ers inside the country and in exile have The Peace Proposal is in three phases. legalised; shown our collective desire to meet the In- Phase One, which should take up to two * The European Community sets up a le- donesians half way to reassure them that we years to be fully implemented, would in- gation in East Timor headed by a senior are prepared to put our hearts and minds volve all three parties working with the UN Portuguese official; towards finding a solution to this protracted to implement a wide range of “confidence * Elections are held for a Territorial As- problem which has not served the interests building measures,” but would not deal with sembly. The election process and proce- and well-being of our people and the good the “core” of the problem which is the issue dures must conform with universally- name of the Republic of Indonesia. of self-determination. During this phase, accepted democratic norms. The UN to Our imprisoned leader, Xanana Gusmão, neither side would concede their fundamen- provide technical support and supervision has proposed and reiterated time and again tal position. of the entire process; our very basic stand. We remain ready to These measures will necessarily include a * Only East Timorese identified as such enter into a process of dialogue with the drastic scaling down of the presence of In- in Phase One may vote and be eligible; Indonesian authorities, under the auspices of donesian troops and weaponry in East * The democratically-elected Assembly the United Nations, without pre-conditions, Timor, together with the introduction of a elects a Governor of the Territory who has to explore all possible ideas towards a com- significant UN presence in the territory. to be a Timorese; prehensive settlement of the conflict. This phase of the talks must focus on * The Assembly and the Governor have a The head of the Catholic Church of East achieving: 5-year mandate; Timor, Bishop Ximenes Belo, has reiterated * An immediate end to all armed activi- * The Territory may enter into trade rela- his appeals for a referendum on the future of ties in East Timor; tions with foreign countries, promulgate its East Timor. * Reduction of Indonesian troop pres- own laws affecting investment, land owner- Mr. Konis Santana, the new interim ence to a maximum of 1,000 within a six- ship, property, immigration, etc.; leader of the resistance, conveyed a message month period; * Remaining Indonesian troops are with- to me from inside East Timor on Tuesday, * Removal of all heavy weapons, tanks, drawn within three months. The Territory while I was in London, en route to Bergen, helicopters, combat aircraft, long-range artil- will have no army. A police force is trained reiterating this basic stand and re-stated his lery pieces; by the UN and is placed under the elected full support for the three-phase Peace Plan I * Immediate and unconditional release of governor; presented in April 1992 to the European all political prisoners; Parliament in Brussels and in May 1992 to East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 31

* Further reduction of Indonesian civil of our peoples trace their origins to South At the international level, we will ac- servants. East Asia; and after five hundred years of tively work with like-minded countries, At the end of the second phase, the Portuguese Catholic influence, we are a dis- NGOs and the media to strengthen the UN autonomous status of the territory could be tinct nation-state in the region with a special human rights machinery. We will actively extended by mutual accord. Seven years understanding and relationship with the support the creation of an international would have elapsed since this Peace Plan European Community. Indeed an independ- human rights court and a penal court to try was effected and Indonesia, having initiated ent East Timor will be a valuable advocate war crimes and crimes against humanity. an entirely new relationship with the of the region’s interests in that forum. We will seek the cooperation of UN hu- Timorese, could have won the trust of the Through our accession to the Lomé Conven- man rights agencies as well as of NGOs such people; the people of East Timor having tions, we will build the bridges of dialogue as Amnesty International, the International enjoyed a period of peace and freedom and cooperation between ASEAN and the Commission of Jurists and Asia Watch to without the presence of the most hated EC. advise and assist us in our own efforts to symbol of the occupation, might accept to The majority of the Timorese residents promote respect for human rights and the continue this form of association. The outside the country, are based in Australia. rule of law in our country. changing generation and attitudes and per- Timorese and have a special understanding At the domestic level, we will from the ception in Indonesia might also result in of Australians and this will serve as a bridge first, proclaim a general amnesty and na- Indonesia accepting as very natural that East between Australia and the South Pacific tional reconciliation. To be true to ourselves, Timor becomes independent while maintain- island states as well as between Australia we will forgive our worst enemies. For a ing strong economic links with Indonesia. and Southeast Asia. society to be healthy, sane and happy, it Phase Three - Self-determination We will not have a standing army. For cannot be based on hatred and revenge. Be- our external security, we will rely on a cause of its credibility and standing over the If all parties agree that Phase Three Treaty of Neutrality to be guaranteed by the past twenty years, the Church will be ex- should enter into effect immediately, then permanent members of the Security Council. pected to play a major role in the healing the UN would begin to prepare a referen- We will endeavour with the UN and our process for our society. dum on self- determination to determine the neighbours to declare the seas surrounding East Timor is a relatively small country. final status of the territory. East Timor a Zone of Peace and work to- But with an area of 18,889 km2 and a total Assuming that a referendum will result in wards total demilitarisation of the entire population of 700,000 (1974 figures), it is at an independent East Timor, Timorese po- Southeast Asia and South Pacific regions. least equal, if not larger, in size and popula- litical parties would form a government of We will endeavour to build a strong de- tion than at least 30 independent states national unity for the first five years. No mocratic state based on the rule of law members of the UN. For instance, it is al- matter what the results of the election are, which must emanate from the will of the most ten times the size of Luxembourg and there should be efforts and wisdom by the people expressed through free and democ- has twice the population. It is sixty times winners to bring into the government all ratic elections. larger than the Seychelles. minority parties. We will encourage a free and independent In terms of natural resources, East Timor This is our policy and remains valid. We media as the voice of the people: a media is potentially self-sufficient in most agricul- believe that this represents the best possible that informs and educates. We believe that tural goods, meat and fish. It also has large prescription for a resolution of the conflict. there can be no foreign interests controlling oil reserves and other minerals. Indonesia should seize the olive branch the local media. However, we are conscious On the economic front, we will channel we are now offering. It can only gain. It is that there will not be much private wealth to our resources into food production in order obvious now that the invasion of East support an independent media. In order to to feed our people. We will seek the coop- Timor was a colossal mistake: the occupa- avoid monopolies, we would try to incorpo- eration of the UN Specialised Agencies such tion has sapped so much of Indonesia’s rate an obligation on the State to allocate as the FAO, World Food Program, UNDP. energy and resources. funds in support of the media written into However, all our policies will be a result of If Indonesia withdraws from East Timor, the Constitution. close consultation with the people in each it would be able to regain its international In order to ensure the independence of region, town and village in East Timor. reputation as a peace-loving country and not the media, the Constitution and the laws of In addition, in cooperation with the FAO be threatening to its smaller neighbours such the country should state that government and other international bodies, we will initi- as Malaysia and Singapore. Moreover, an interference in the editorial policies of the ate a massive reforestation program to re- independent East Timor will be an asset for press and their day to day operations is plant our forests and restore our largely Indonesia, for ASEAN and the whole region inadmissible. In the final analysis, we be- depleted forests and our badly damaged in many ways. lieve the media should be as independent as environment. Allow me, ladies and gentlemen, to share the judiciary. Regarding the “Timor Gap Treaty” we with you our vision for an independent East From day one of independence, all inter- will look at its terms, seek clarification and Timor. national human rights treaties which would renegotiate if necessary. The sea boundary We can assure everyone that the govern- open up East Timor to international scru- dispute will have to be settled through an ment of an independent East Timor will tiny will be submitted to the Parliament for international tribunal. We will seek interna- apply for membership in ASEAN and the ratification. We believe that human rights tional partnership in mineral explorations South Pacific Forum within days of our transcend boundaries and prevail over state such as oil, but we will not sacrifice our own independence. This will be a top priority. sovereignty. No government can hide under environment for short term gains. East Timor will maintain close ties with the cover of “domestic jurisdiction” when it The civil war in 1975, and the subsequent Portugal and the rest of Europe. We are a comes to human rights. invasion, uprooted thousands of peoples. crossroads of three cultures and religions: We would introduce in the school cur- Properties were abandoned, destroyed or Melanesian which binds us to our brothers riculum from very early the subject of hu- sold at unfair prices. This situation will have and sisters of the South Pacific region; Ma- man rights. to be redressed. lay-Polynesian which reminds us that many Page 32 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

A voluntary resettlement plan will be ef- ergy and money. They are our true friends. cious events as they were abroad at the fected to allow the many tens of thousands They are the ones who have kept our strug- moment. The aftermath of the invasion led of Timorese displaced and uprooted from gle alive in the international conscience. Da Cruz and his compatriots to position their ancestral lands to return. With their dedication, they have inspired us what is, later on, dubbed as “puppets” of We believe in free education and health to persevere. the of Indonesia government. And in fact care for our people. The money saved from they are. not having a standing army will be well used LEADERS AND THE PUPPET In late 1978, following the capture of in these areas. At least 40% of our resources LEADERS OF EAST Xavier do Amaral, the death of Nicolau will be allocated to our best resource our Lobato and other Timorese leaders, the stra- people through massive investment in health TIMORESE? tegic of the previous conventional war was and education. gradually removed by the new leader of the From an anonymous online commentator, With the cooperation of WHO we will resistance. It was because war was consid- Oct. 25. seek to eradicate malaria, tuberculosis and ered as not affecting some interest parts other preventable diseases within a decade. In recent months following the capture of only, since (if I am not wrong) every house- It is estimated that over 100,000 Indone- Xanana Gusmão an internal conflict among hold in that territory have, at least, lost one sians are now living in East Timor. Most are ET-se leaders exile come to vogue. The dis- of their relatives during the invasion taken poor Indonesians who came to our country pute ranging widely from differences on place. People were started to be engaged looking for a better life. We would not be how to carry out the struggle, the controver- more deeply in the war. In essence, a sense true to ourselves if we were to turn our sial proposal and statements made by Abilio of people’ army was growing. The concept backs on our poor neighbours. Araujo up to a classical disagreement con- of the fish and the sea in the classical guer- Indonesian migrants in East Timor will be cerning the top position of those concerned rilla war was introduced. welcome to stay and with us to build a bet- political frictions in the struggle. Fortu- Indonesia troops behave (atrocities, kill- ter home for us all. They have brought with nately, the case was settled through the ings, etc.) have also helped rising awareness them the wealth of their culture which can expulsion of Abilio Araujo who, among of the population towards the struggle. enrich the whole community. others, was claimed to have been launched a Since the war was waging by the people, Ladies and gentlemen, “palace coup” subsequently after Xanana’s Xanana came to conclude that an establish- Ours has been a long, painful and often capture. ment of a non umbrella organisation that lonely march. We don’t when this will end. Refer to the analysis of FITUN, 11 Sep- could embrace all different parties in the The most powerful forces of this world tember 1993, Abilio Araujo seems to have struggle was necessary. And for many years have sided with those who invaded our been the “scapegoat” of the conflict as he this idea has been widely accepted. Today country. In the face of so much hypocrisy personally declared himself as the leader of the war is perceived as belong neither to and hostility, in the face of these over- the resistance. On the other side Mari Fretilin, UDT nor others. Many have died whelming odds, I often felt crushed, de- Alkatiri, Roque Rodrigues and Ramos Horta in the aftermath of the invasion and gradu- feated. I’m often asked, what keeps me who expelled Abilio reiterate their commit- ally the resistance shaped the Timorese’ going. I have no clear answer to that. I have ment to the resistance and fully uphold the mind that not certain parts only are waging no personal political ambitions. I have no central command from the main land heading the war but the people themselves who plans to seek or to expect material reward in currently by Nino Konis Santana under the engaged in it and must be carried on. an independent East Timor. Then, what non umbrella organisation CNRM. Apart from Indonesia’s effort to use all motivates me? Maybe there is an answer. Inside Indonesia Francisco L da Cruz, possibilities at their disposal to press the East Timor is my country and it was taken Abilio Osorio, Mario Carrascalão, to name a ET case down in international fora, public away from us. We, Timorese, who struggle few, also claim themselves as the leaders. awareness on the war is growing. Perhaps a for our country’s freedom, we are not doing WHO ARE THE REAL EAST TIMORESE most successful achievement in the struggle but our own obligation to win back some- LEADERS? of any National Movements Liberation, thing that belongs to us. Each of us knows This is only a personal view, on how the CNRM re-emerged as a symbol of the resis- the suffering, the pain, the destruction in- Timorese look at their leaders? tance after almost been totally quelled, and flicted upon our people and country. The History must be traced back if one need begun to morally stimulate the Timorese people back home, women, children, elderly, to figure out the problem. Let us have a participation in the struggle. Not surpris- are brave. They face persecution, imprison- quick look on the matter. Following the ingly, if today the people is absolutely op- ment, torture and death. Yet they do not abandonment of Portugal in the late 1974s posed to Indonesia occupation, bearing the give up. How could I, living in the relative Fretilin took control over the territory. Da pride of being Timorese against what they comfort and security of the exile, not be Cruz and his compatriots fled the country call the barbarous invasion, one can easily inspired by those brave men, women, chil- taking refugee in Indonesia’s province reach a conclusion who are the ideal leaders dren and elderly? (NTT) and begun a negotiation process with for these people. My respect and admiration and gratitude the country leaders. In the mean time, Fre- However, not that easy if a conclusion is go to the non-Timorese, the Portuguese, tilin proclaimed the independence of a De- to be drawn. The long Indonesia’s occupa- Angolans, Mozambicans, the people of little mocratic East Timor. tion have indirectly risen the puppet leaders Sao Tome and Principe, the people of Surprised by the unilateral independence figures, even urged some of the ex- Guinea-Bissau, the Cape Verdeans, who of East Timor, the incomplete negotiation opponents to re-consider their prior repu- have been with us from the very beginning. process was suspended and Indonesia in- diation. Abilio Araujo, for instance, is the Our gratitude go to our friends in Australia, vaded the territory. Many Fretilin leaders unique among others who come to recognise Japan, France, the US, Canada, Holland, with strong commitment to their principles the role of Da Cruz and his compatriots. He Germany, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Nor- evacuated to the mountains, died whilst criticises Xanana’s role in the struggle, blam- way, who have no material incentive to gain those alive continued to voice the struggle ing the victims of the Dili massacre [ ]. from our struggle. Many have been with us up to the current date. Luckily, Ramos Abilio concluded the struggle by offering a for the past 20 years giving their time, en- Horta and others escaped from those perni- proposal to Indonesia for a reconciliation East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 33 process, a matter refused by many for ple. The pride of being Indonesia’s ambas- THE MASSACRE OF SANTA years. Abilio, in the eyes of ET, disavowed sador may lead Da Cruz to achieve another the braveness of many that have been more climax of great satisfaction in his life, unfor- CRUZ AND THE NEW FAC E “patriotic” than he was and is. Many of tunately, at the expense of losing his own OF SOLIDARITY whom have sacrificed their lives for these 18 prestige in the eyes of East Timorese. years to free their land. Hence, the phe- Oddly, he still claiming himself as devoting Matebian News, November 10 1993 nomenon of his replacement from the scene, his life for the people of ET. The following is an editorial of Matebian applauded by many inside the territory. This classic proposition is only a vague News/East Timor Information & Documen- Indonesia may be greeted by its achieve- opine of leaders who fighting without prin- tation Centre. Other items include: Timorese ment in weakening the resistance, but what ciples in their minds, without objectives to and Aussies Peace Activists in rubber din- happened was reversed to Indonesia’s ex- achieve, except remain vulnerable to their gies and kayaks challenged Indonesian war- pectation. As FITUN claims:” If the Indo- bosses and ready to say “Yes” anytime. ships; Konis Santana message; send a mes- nesians see Abilio’s move and his ‘dishon- Leaders, in the eyes of the people, are sage to Xanana campaign; The Indonesian ourable expulsion’ as a victory for them, those who devote their lives to the struggle. press and East Timor; ETRA’s activity re- they are wrong.” Those who, although, through the very un- port; poems for Xanana and those killed in Just as in 1978 following the death of favourable condition of the struggle commit Massacre by Abé Barreto. (For subscription Nicolau Lobato, the war has never ceased. themselves to fight the foreign occupier. please write to P.O. Box 481, Fairfield NSW Indonesian’s are deluding themselves. Those Leaders are not those who live in luxury 2165, Australia or email to peg:etra or occurrences have united Timorese more than plane denying others fundamental value of [email protected]) annual subscription is ever. Bishop Belo broaden it as, “The peo- freedom for the sake of their own interest. AUS$20. ple can die but the idea and the culture will Leaders are not those travelling around the This year, November 12 marks the sec- continue to resist” this occupation. world with a very limit capacity trying to ond anniversary of the massacre of Santa History tell us, the worth of devoting life shape world’s opinion in an issue widely Cruz. Hundreds of Timorese young men, for one own principle and words is, he/she described as “black history of mankind in women and children were cold-bloodedly will be highly respected by the people and, the 20th century,” neglecting the life of shot by the Indonesian “trained -to-kill- in turn, will create the magnetism that shape those slaughtered by the regime they work- civilians” troops. The Timorese youth that people’s mind of who he/she is and why ing with. took part in this day of protest against the he/she struggling for. Leaders, therefore, Given the above arguments, it may be too Indonesian illegal occupation of East Timor were naturally recognised once their com- idealist to claim Xanana, Ramos Horta, and, specially those who were in the front mitment to their people outcry is fulfilled. Araujo, Alkatiri, and Santana (regardless line and subsequently killed, were aware of The above scenario does exist in the their political differences) as the real and the risks. They were ready to die for their Timorese traditional leadership structure. ideal leaders of Timorese people. There are homeland. As Domingos Segurado put it in Traditionally the adoption of “primus in- still many unknown who died as leaders, the film “Cold Blood,” “my whole family ter pares” in leadership system is because and many who are struggling and respected was killed (...) I am ready to die (...) coun- leaders are believed to be knowledgeable, as future potential leaders. Time and chance try.” These words echo the feeling of all the powerful, strong and have the ability to will be the real instrument to predict and young generation of East Timor. They are protect people from any dangerous situa- prove all the likely events to come. ready to die not because of revenge but be- tions. In essence, the pervasiveness of an All in all, as the people continue to wit- cause, as far as they are concerned, Indone- ideological commitment to a principle and ness their own suffering, they do also wit- sia has shown more than enough evidence its people - is intrinsic - in the Timorese ness those who commit themselves to free that if the Timorese people are to become traditional leadership system. Thence, leader this “long deterioration.” Those who are integrated, the end product is complete is also an acknowledgment for those who pervasive to their ideological commitment genocide. commit themselves to free their people. Not will, undoubtedly, gain considerable recogni- This new generation of Timorese are for those working with the enemy. tion as leaders. Puppets may claim them- showing unequal sense of courage and de- Puppet leaders for Timorese are no more selves as leaders, but leading the people termination . Those who were killed, also than “robots.” Francisco L Da Cruz himself under the pressure of a strong “big boss” died with a deep sense of hope; they be- clarifies it. In a talk with the youths who who stood above their moral and genuine lieved that although the Indonesian guns were seeking asylum in Finland and Swedish principle. Puppets, therefore, remain vague have silenced them forever, their death will Embassy recently he says: (in TETUM): as governing without the governed. awake the international community to start “Hey labaric, hanoin hanesan imi hanoin This, may lead us back to the history of to speak out for the Timorese people. This nee, ami hanoin uluk tiha ona, may be hare “elites or compradors” in Latin America hope could even be heard from the mouth of ba dalan laiha ona ami buka terobosan (way decades ago. By being puppet of the bour- the young Timorese student who spoke to out) seluk.” (Re- Hi guys, we had the same geoisie they can also benefit from the exploi- the microphones of Max Stahl in front of thinking in mind as you (to be independent), tation of their own people. the Sta. Cruz cemetery, minutes before the however, as there was no way out, this SO, WHO ARE THE REAL EAST massacre. He said: “we love freedom, we (integration) is the only (ultimum) option. TIMORESE LEADERS? No precise answer want protection.” The ultimun option for these puppets for this question yet, I guess. As well as the Since the film of the massacre reached the can be concluded as only a “mere way out” difficulty in claiming who is the winner TV screens of “the world,” the uproar could to achieve their interest regardless what the between Socialism and Capitalism, people in be seen in the TV screens of every major majority of the people wish, what they ET have their own idea towards the issue. liberal democracies. Condemnation after themselves and their previous followers Time and chance will clarify it whether condemnation flew from Parliament to Par- envisaged (Da Cruz was UDT President through a plebiscite, referendum or people’s liament, and from all major NGO’s. Even in that held the idea of affiliating with Portu- own conscience. the Australian Parliament, the former Prime gal). Not surprisingly, they are totally de- Minister, Bob Hawke, called upon the In- nied as leaders in the eyes of their own peo- Page 34 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. donesian government to find a negotiated ratified by the European Council of Minis- RAMOS-HORTA STATEMENT solution with the Timorese people. ters, one can also say that the issue of East After two years, can it really be said that Timor has reached a high profile in the IN BANGKOK the world is awake for East Timor? -The agenda of the European Parliament. Statement by Mr. José Ramos-Horta, Co- real world is made up of so many different In Japan, the new Prime Minister is now Chairman and Special Representative of the “worlds,” each of them with their own self- under pressure to take a stand on East National Council of Maubere Resistance, at interest. This self-interest is what moulds Timor. Just prior to the arrival of the Portu- the Foreign Correspondents Club in Bang- their stated (and practiced) understanding of guese President, Dr. Mario Soares in Tokyo kok, 19 November 1993. democracy and social justice. It is, there- (19.10.93), twelve legislators from seven fore, wrong to see the world as one. As far parties appealed to the Prime Minister to Much of this speech is a slightly shortened as East Timorese people’s interest is con- express readiness to urge Jakarta to put less version of Ramos-Horta’s Rafto prize ac- cerned, all that counts at this stage is the restrictions on foreign doctors and human ceptance speech, reprinted above. This arti- world that holds the power in the UN. That rights groups who enter East Timor and cle only includes the paragraphs which are is, the USA, Japan and the European Par- backs a Portuguese call to allow the people unique to his Bangkok address. liament. The so-called Third-World is, as of East Timor to call a referendum on inde- Ladies and gentlemen: always, divided to the brink of insignificance pendence. The group also called upon the because of the perennial race to take advan- Prime Minister of Japan to support the I thank the Foreign Correspondents Club tage of the western dollar and their failure to position taken by Portugal in the on-going of Bangkok for hosting this gathering today. develop an alternative economic model. talks between the governments of Indonesia I hope that my interest in addressing you In the USA, one can argue that since the and Portugal under the auspices of the Sec- here should highlight our awareness that we “massacre of Sta. Cruz,” there have been retary- General of the UN. are part of this region and that it is high time significant improvements in terms of the US All these new developments are a direct that a concerted regional effort be made to Congress support for East Timor. The cut result of the massacre of Sta. Cruz. Since contribute towards a solution to the conflict of US training program, the petition signed then, the impact in the International com- in East Timor which, I must add with regret, by 43 (almost 50%) US Senators urging munity continues to be strong due to two is a festering sore and a black spot in the Pres. Clinton to raise Human Rights in East main factors: one, was the capture, illegal otherwise impressive ASEAN record. Timor when he met with Pres. Suharto in trial and imprisonment of the Symbol of the ... Tokyo, stopping the sale of US made F-5 Timorese National Resistance, Kay Rala We are conscious of our geography which aircraft fighters from Jordan to Indonesia Xanana Gusmão; another, is the fact that compels us to co-exist with our neighbours and the current debate on the Feingold since the Massacre of Sta. Cruz, a new face in this part of the world. We can assure Amendment are strong signals of change in of solidarity have emerged. Unlike the sev- everyone that the government of an inde- attitude towards the issue of East Timor. enties when the solidarity was a product of pendent East Timor will seek membership The pressure in the US Congress to move progressive political parties under the ban- in ASEAN and the South Pacific Forum towards a more significant stand on East ner of “international solidarity” and “armed within days of our independence. Timor can be sustained. One of the strong struggle as the only way out,” the new face East Timor will maintain close ties with arguments to be used is the fact that the US of the solidarity is one made up of individu- Portugal, a country that having colonised us Administration is now focus on the Asian- als and NGOs with a total focus on social for almost half a millennium has shown its Pacific region with the view that “democ- justice and fundamental rights of all peoples high moral standing and an abiding commit- racy is key to both the economic and secu- to self-determination and independence. The ment to our right to self-determination. Por- rity realms.” The current ideologues of the difference in these two faces of the solidar- tugal and East Timor will be most valuable US Administration now argue that one can ity is simply a matter of different historical partners for the ASEAN in its relations with not make progress in complex economic perspective. That is, the so-called “cold- the EC, Africa and Latin America. issues unless there is free debate in the soci- war” era as opposed to the “new world For the past 20 years, our neighbours ety. Another important argument now ech- order.” The current solidarity, however, is have turned their back on us. They allowed oed in the Congress is that “clearly, East harder to sustain because of the absence of the largest member of the regional family to Timor never did, nor does it today, pose a support from political parties infra- bully and invade a small member of the fam- threat to Indonesia.” structures. It has, however, very positive ily without a voice of protest. In some cases In the European Parliament, the role of aspects; this new breed of solidarity, com- there was active connivance in the suppres- Portugal has been the decisive factor. The bined with many long term and consistent sion of our very existence. While ASEAN Portuguese Euro-parliamentarians have been activists of East Timor, has the potential to can be proud of its contribution to the reso- awake in terms of raising the issue of East launch new ideas and creativity because it lution of the Cambodian conflict, it cannot Timor whenever possible. As recently as on enjoys clear political breeding space. This is be proud of its role on East Timor. It is time the eighth of October, for instance, as a crucial because the debate on East Timor is for ASEAN to contribute towards peace and result of the Portuguese Euro- occupying a much broader and complex justice in East Timor. We appeal to Thai- parliamentarians’ lobby, the European par- spectrum than that of the seventies and land as Chairman of the ASEAN, Singapore, liamentarians and the delegates from the early eighties. Malaysia, Philippines and Brunei to offer African, Caribbean and Pacific (EP/ACP) To enrich and sustain this debate and words of wisdom to their Indonesian called upon the European Parliament to seek guide it in favour of East Timor is not only a neighbours. Some immediate benefits could “diplomatic isolation of Indonesia” and duty of all the Timorese but also the great- be accrued from a flexibilization of Indone- “total arms embargo on Jakarta (...) until est challenge to every single active sup- sia’s current stand. For instance, the Portu- clear signals are given that the Indonesian porter of the rights of the Maubere People guese veto of a new ASEAN-EC agreement government is prepared to create conditions to self- determination and independence. could be lifted. Why should the rest of allowing the people of East Timor to exer- ASEAN be penalised because of an Indone- cise their right to self-determination and sian intransigence? independence.” Although this has to be East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 35

Indonesia is mediating the Moro conflict ALKATIRI CLAIMS DISMISSED BY resentative José Ramos Horta. Given the in the Philippines while Vietnam is mediat- SYAFEI nature of the struggle and of the Indonesian ing between the New People’s Army and governing regime, the Political Resistance the Philippine Government, the two issues UPI, 26 Nov. 93. Abridged Front operations are clandestine. being purely domestic affairs. Shouldn’t we JAKARTA – An Indonesia military gen- Simultaneously to its conduct of East all expect that the Indonesian government eral said it was not fair to link Indonesia’s Timorese resistance activities, CNRM is which has shown such willingness in medi- human rights record with a November 1991 attempting to develop the governing institu- ating its neighbours internal problems show massacre in East Timor. tions of a future state of East Timor. Inside also the same willingness in negotiating an A military official in East Timor’s capital East Timor and Indonesia, CNRM is sup- end to its occupation of East Timor? of Dili denied claims by East Timorese rebel porting the development the human re- ... leader Mari Alkatiri that Indonesian troops sources required for a future administrative have tortured and killed at least 150 people We are as determined as we are optimis- bureaucracy; undertaking measures to pro- since the November 1991 crackdown on tic about our future. To Indonesia and our tect the culture and language of the country; pro-independence demonstrators. other neighbours in the ASEAN we are of- and monitoring the human rights situation “The countries which (point to) the secu- fering a hand of friendship and appealing to and informing on violations. rity situation in East Timor as the imple- them to help us bring peace and freedom to Overseas, CNRM is leading a diplomatic mentation of the human rights barometer in East Timor. More pain and misery and loss struggle aimed at achieving, within the the country is not commensurate to the real of lives can be spared, more embarrassment United Nations framework, a peaceful reso- condition,” said Maj. Gen. Theo Syafei, the in the international fora can be avoided if lution of the East Timor issue in a manner commander of the Bali-based Udayana mili- ASEAN live up to its responsibilities. reflecting the aspirations of the majority of tary region which includes East Timor. Thank you. its people and acceptable to the interna- Syafei told Indonesia’s official news tional community . agency Antara that security situations in The conduct of this diplomatic struggle REBEL LEADER CLAIMS 150 East Timor are improving and that “if there requires, among others, the development of EAST TIMORESE KILLED are still other countries linking (the 1991 CNRM Departments of International Rela- massacre) with the implementation of hu- tions, Information and Media Relations, and UPI, 25 Nov. 93 man rights in Indonesia, that was a very Community Relations, all assisted by sev- TOKYO – An East Timorese rebel leader unrealistic ground.” eral technical and advisory bodies. claimed Thursday Indonesian troops have Meanwhile, Major L. Simbolon, chief of The International Relations Department tortured and killed at least 150 people since the military information service in Dili, said has a number of CNRM East Timor Repre- a 1991 crackdown on pro-independence he could not confirm or deny claims by sentatives placed in several key locations in demonstrators. Alkatiri that up to 150 East Timorese peo- the world. Their tasks include diplomatic Mari Alkatiri, secretary of foreign affairs ple have been killed by government troops. activities with multilateral organisations, of the Revolutionary Front for an Independ- He said he was not surprised by Alka- human rights organisation, lobbying gov- ent East Timor, also expressed disappoint- tiri’s statement. “As an anti- Indonesia ernments, liaising with local non-government ment with Japan for failing to apply to In- activist he (Alkatiri) should say that. Oth- support groups and other important pres- donesia principles linking aid with im- erwise he would no longer be anti- sure groups. Public diplomatic activities provements in human rights. government,” Simbolon said. include keeping close relations with mass “Indonesian troops killed at least 150 Alkatiri said in an interview with Kyodo media organs and other means of influencing East Timorese people, especially the news service that Indonesian troops killed at public opinion. The Information and Media youth...since the 1991 Dili massacre,” least 150 East Timorese people, “especially Relations Department takes a central role in Alkatiri said in an interview with Kyodo the youth. ..since the 1991 Dili massacre.” this area. The Community Relations De- News Service. partment has the task of fostering the devel- “Unluckily, foreign journalists could not CNRM FUNDING APPEAL opment of close and harmonious relations be present at the scene of these killings, as between the various sectors of the East Indonesia has banned their access to East From CNRM - National Council of Maubere Timorese community in exile. Timor,” Alkatiri reportedly said. Resistance, Nov. 28, 1993 The above CNRM activities are fre- Indonesian troops shot into crowds of East Timor-based CNRM, the National quently hampered by insufficient funding. peaceful demonstrators at the Santa Cruz Council of Maubere Resistance, is the su- While CNRM receives donations from a cemetery in the East Timorese capital of preme organisation of all East Timorese number of sponsors all over the world, no Dili Nov. 12, 1991. nationalists struggling for self-determination government or other major political institu- While an Indonesian government com- and independence of their country. It is tions funds it in a major way on a perma- mission said 50 were killed, foreign human open to all, regardless of any political party nent basis. CNRM has to rely therefore on rights organizations said the death toll could affiliations they may also hold. CNRM was significant voluntary work contributions or be as high as 180. officially launched in 1989 by Resistance on severely underpaid officials whose atten- Alkatiri, accused Jakarta of breaking a Leader Commander Xanana Gusmão, aiming tion to their main tasks is often deflected by U.N.-mediated agreement concluded with to unite all Resistance factions in one effec- the need to raise their own funding require- Portugal to allow foreign journalists to cover tively coordinated national effort. Following ments for their work. East Timor. Xanana Gusmão’s capture, CNRM is now The decentralised nature of CNRM’s op- “Indonesia will do everything to sup- co-chaired by the Commander-in- Chief of erations, with bases in Australia, Portugal, press the East Timorese people if the inter- the East Timor Resistance Armed Forces Indonesia, East Timor as well as some key national community closes its eyes to the (FALINTIL), Nino Konis Santana; the Head international centres such as New York, agony of the people,” Alkatiri said. of the Political Resistance Front; and the Washington, Geneva, and Brussels, require Head of the Diplomatic Front, Special Rep- relatively high communications and travel expenses. Difficulties of access to East Page 36 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Timor and Indonesia further increase com- This could be entrusted to a special fund- Timor Catholic Church leader Bishop Belo munication costs. The need to train person- raising group, for example. and has been endorsed by Portugal who nel, often to become conversant in many We would appreciate any suggestions or presented it to the UN Secretary General. new languages and learning to operate in assistance with our fundraising efforts. The plan has also received enthusiastic very foreign environments is an added bur- Funds may be sent by cheque made pay- support in the US, Europe, Canada and den. able to CNRM, mailed to c/o GPO Box Japan. Indonesia’s friends have been able to CNRM has, notwithstanding, been able 1174 Darwin NT, Australia 0801. perceive its usefulness as a potential means to achieve encouraging results from its ac- Please refer any further inquiries or sug- of assisting Jakarta to extricate itself from tivities. Over the last year increased interna- gestions to the above address or by e-mail to its East Timor quagmire and conveniently tional salience of the East Timor issue and [email protected] resolve this issue. growing diplomatic support from key states We feel it is timely to again draw atten- has been noticeable. Similarly the issue has EAST TIMOR PEACE PLAN tion to this initiative at this stage. achieved a higher profile in United Nations The text of the peace plan is given in Ramos- bodies searching for a solution to the con- From CNRM -National Council of Maubere Horta’s Rafto Prize acceptance speech, re- flict and an improvements in human rights Resistance, November 1993. printed above. conditions in East Timor. Closer liaison The conflict in the former Southeast with a variety of supporters has improved Asian Portuguese colony of East Timor, JRH: “THE MOMENT OF public awareness about the issue, and con- illegally invaded and annexed by Indonesia FREEDOM APPROACHES tributed to induce favourable government nearly 18 years ago, continues to fester policy changes. Closer media relations have away. Except for a few Indonesian military Publico, 12 November 1993. By José led to greater interest and increased coverage officials, there have been no winners in this Ramos-Horta (CNRM special representa- of the East Timor issue. Relations among tragedy, only many losers. tive) Translated from Portuguese groups of the previously highly fractionated East Timorese people have been sub- East Timorese community abroad are im- jected to massive human rights violations of (Lisbon) The participation of Timorese proving. genocidal proportions. It is estimated that in the negotiations, under UN Secretary The CNRM International Relations De- over one third of the population has died. General’s auspices, is accepted by practi- partment has been able to make significant Indonesia’s image has been increasingly cally everyone. The Secretary General’s organisational and human resource develop- soiled internationally, exposing it to a grow- representatives have opened their doors to ment progress over this period. It has also ing number of punitive pressures from its the Timorese. There are assurances of a been entrusted with the task to seek funding erstwhile supporters. The strong stance meeting between a Timorese delegation and for CNRM operations, as well as to seek taken by the US Clinton Administration has the Secretary General himself. In the near material assistance for East Timorese stu- further increased the already excessively future, the Secretary General’s envoy will dents persecuted by Indonesian authorities. high cost to Indonesia of its East Timor be going to East Timor. Inside East Timor, CNRM has been able policies. Not only have Indonesian people We were never short of prophets of to reorganise its top leadership after the had to suffer many casualties from this ig- doom. For the pessimists and defeatists, it capture of its leaders Commanders Xanana noble war, but the obstinacy of their mili- is an inglorious fight, and continuing it is Gusmão and Mau Hunu by Indonesian mili- tary leaders continues to burden national only serving the interests of “a minority” tary forces. Its Political Resistance Front coffers, adversely affecting the country’s abroad. The apologists for surrender advise has also had to meet strong Indonesian pres- development efforts. us to accept the fait accompli, and to go for sures. Nonetheless, inside activities have Indonesia’s suppression of legitimate just a few residual gains, such as a Portu- continued strengthening East Timorese re- East Timorese aspirations for respect of guese Consulate, that would safeguard the sistance to Indonesian occupation and op- their human rights, including the right of Portuguese “cultural heritage.” pression self- determination, has been a cause for The Timorese millennial heritage, its The intensification of East Timorese re- continued international tensions, affecting rites, language and art, its intimate ties to the sistance and the further development of Jakarta’s relations with neighbouring democ- sacred land stolen from it, its trampled dig- CNRM activities and organisational growth racies such as Australia, the European nity, are values not worth defending. The does require adequate funding. Community, some APEC member states only value worth safeguarding is the Portu- We therefore appeal for donors willing to and others. guese colonial heritage. contribute to CNRM funding. Consistent with the enhanced peace mak- Is it worth fighting? Nearly 20 years of Additional funds are needed for the 1994 ing and peace keeping role of the United heroic resistance answers that question for operations budget of the CNRM Interna- Nations in the post-Cold War world, the the Timorese. The voices of 12 November tional Relations Department, for Informa- leaders of CNRM -the East Timor National- 1991 answer, as do the voices from so many tion and Media Relations, for Political Re- ist Resistance umbrella organisation- have other massacres perpetrated against our sistance Front operations as well as for advanced a plan to assist the UN Secretary people. The voices of Mnsgr. Ximenes humanitarian assistance. General’s mandate to find a solution to the Belo, Xanana Gusmão, and Konis Santana A more detailed itemisation of forecast East Timor conflict. also answer the question. They ask only for a referendum. expense budget estimates is confidentially CNRM Special Representative and Co- available to prospective donors upon re- Chairman José Ramos Horta presented a 3- I shall not answer for the Portuguese quest. phase peace plan, first articulated by Resis- State. Collective conscience and sense of Commitments for ongoing funding from tance Leader Commander Xanana Gusmão dignity, represented by the President of the large donor bodies or agencies would be shortly before his capture. The plan has Republic, Government and Assembly, de- particularly valuable. been backed by Commander Konis Santana, cide on Portugal’s position. It could accept Additionally, any fund raising activity who currently leads the Armed Resistance. defeat and humiliation. It could also main- which could be launched would be of value. It is consistent with statements by East tain its present position, which is more dignified. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 37

Almost 20 years after the Indonesian in- Santos, a serious and unrelenting “veteran” 1993 - A CHALLENGING YEAR vasion of East Timor, it is clear that the of the Maubere people’s fight. issue of East Timor, far from being forgot- I am in no doubt, therefore, about Foreign FOR THE PEOPLE ten, is gaining ground internationally. The Minister Durão Barroso’s determination to OF EAST TIMOR small victories are accumulating. I admit that maintain a serious, firm but flexible policy in Indonesia is still able to influence the situa- seeking a fair solution to the drama of the MATEBIAN NEWS - EDITORIAL - tion on the ground and internationally, but Timorese people. DECEMBER 1993 time is running against the present regime. The CNRM’s negotiating strategy does In our December issue of Matebian News we In September 1992, the US Congress not differ from that of the Foreign Ministry, also a report by José Ramos-Horta title: cancelled the training program for Indone- and has been widely debated and reaffirmed. East Timor: A retrospective view of 1993 sian officials in the US. In September 1993, The CNRM maintains its 3-phase peace diplomatic struggle; Bishop Belo’s Oz tour; the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee plan as valid: the first being the human A report from a FALINTIL commander Dai voted unanimously for a Budget amend- rights and humanitarian phase, the second, Tula; ETRA’s activities, Update on Xanana; ment, conditioning arms sales to Indonesia the autonomy phase, and the third, self- East Timor photo exhibition. For copies, on the human rights situation in East Timor. determination. I cannot see a more moderate please email to: [email protected] In July 1993, 43 Senators wrote a letter to and credible alternative, but the CNRM will If there was a time where the resistance President Clinton, expressing their support try to adjust its position according to the of the people of East Timor could be com- for the East Timorese people’s right to self- dynamics of the struggle, on both an internal pared to 1993, was the third year of the determination. For his part, the US Presi- and international level, and will not reject resistance, 1978, when the late president of dent delivered that same letter to his Indo- out of hand other contributions to the pro- Fretilin, President Nicolau Lobato was nesian counterpart at their meeting in To- gress of the peace process. killed. His death was the culmination of 3 kyo, at the time of the G7 Summit. In I shall not spend time studying the inter- years campaign mounted by the occupying March 1993, the UN Human Rights Com- nal situation in East Timor. I will just add forces to destroy the structure of the resis- mission voted by overwhelming majority in that the Maubere Resistance suffered much tance and put and end to the diplomatic favour of a resolution condemning Indone- greater set-backs in the 1970’s, with the pressure exerted from the international sia, in spite of Indonesia being a member of almost total annihilation of the political- arena. that Commission, and in the Chair of the military leadership, the destruction of nearly 1993 suffered a similar situation. The Non-Aligned Movement. In August 1993, its entire arsenal, and many thousands of capture of Xanana Gusmão was a culmina- the UN Sub-Commission on Minorities civilian deaths. But the Resistance knew tion of more than 10 years campaign again voted in favour of a resolution against how to raise itself from the ashes of defeat. mounted by the Indonesian occupationists Indonesia. Throughout the world, activities Almost 20 years after the 1975 7th Decem- to destroy the Command of the Timorese in support of the people of East Timor are ber invasion, I am fully convinced that In- National Resistance. on the increase. donesia has lost the political battle. It is still There are differences this time. One is Participation of Timorese in the negotiat- militarily superior on the ground, but by that Resistance is ready to renew its forces, ing process, underway under the auspices of losing the political battle, it will lose the in spite of the fact that Xanana’s capture the UN General Secretary, is practically war. Contrary to what Indonesian propa- was followed by the capture of Ma’Huno accepted by all parties. Representatives of ganda announced, the capture, humiliation Bulere Karatayano, the last member of the the Secretary General have opened their and trial of Xanana Gusmão led to not even surviving members of the Central Commit- doors to the Timorese. There are assurances one guerrilla surrender. In fact the reverse tee of Fretilin. The second one is the fact of a meeting between a Timorese delegation was true: the Resistance strengthened and that Xanana Gusmão was not killed. and the Secretary General himself. An en- became more determined than ever. He is alive and, above all, he has not be- voy of the Secretary General will be going to I do not condemn the voices which, to- trayed the struggle of his people; on the East Timor in the near future, as part of the day in Portugal, are raised in support of the contrary, he continues to be a source of 17 September 1993 agreement. accepting defeat, and democracy’s capitula- inspiration for his people. This is very im- It is a slow process, and the results are tion to the dictatorship. I believe that these portant if one takes into account the degree not, at first glance, obvious. I also believe supporters of the defeatist line are moti- of suffering this barbaric 18-year old occu- that, if the Timorese people’s fight were vated by the best intentions. Perhaps they pation has already caused to this tradition- easy, then we would have many more will make a positive contribution, in their ally very peaceful people of East Timor. “friends.” own way, towards finding a comprehensive Konis Santana also is experiencing in Talks between the Maubere National Re- settlement to the problem. On the other 1993 what Xanana Gusmão went through in sistance Council (CNRM) and the various hand, I believe that debate is always 1979-80. Both had found themselves in a Portuguese authorities, have been frequent healthy. position where they had no choice but to and constructive, and climate for relations take over the leading role and build up, ur- has been excellent. The Foreign Ministry is gently, some form of central, command - backed by a team of “veterans” of the critical to survive a war of occupation. Timorese cause, from the Secretary General, Here, too, there are differences. One is Ambassador Costa Lobo, and the Director- the fact that Konis Santana is not alone; General of Political Affairs, Ambassador there are number of very experienced com- Antonio Monteiro, to Nuno de Brito, Sp e- manders who can help him sustain the war cial Adviser on East Timor to the Minister. in most critical times such as when One of the most dedicated Portuguese dip- Ma’Huno was captured in April this year; lomats, Francisco Ribeiro Teles, who has another difference is that East Timor is now been involved in the East Timor issue for relatively opened to the world and, unlike in years at the UN, will be joining the team. period 1978 to 89 when East Timor was They back up the efforts of Rui Quartin- Page 38 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. closed to the world, it is now under the Timor to improve the living conditions of association (which will be founded in Porto microscope of the international community. those people,” following his visit in August on 2lst of this month) met with ambassador The experience of the past, however, is a to Jakarta and the former Portuguese col- Lopes da Cruz, Suharto’s personal adviser. safeguard for the Resistance of the Timorese ony, the textile manufacturer from the north Lopes da Cruz had gone to Madrid in the People. Konis Santana follows, without told Expresso that he will be starting up context of a diplomatic initiative to explain doubt, the strategy defined by Xanana “energetic” export activity to that territory. Indonesia’s version of the East Timor prob- Gusmão. National Unity as the sacred road “What I found shocking was that, as the lem, and had presented the Spanish authori- to follow in East Timor and, abroad fighting Timorese like Portuguese wine which is not ties with a video on the subject. With the for a diplomatic solution. available there, they are forced to import it same objective, he then travelled on to Lon- As far as the Command of the struggle from Singapore at four thousand escudos don. At the meeting, Galvao de Melo’s itin- goes, Konis Santana continues to defend the per demijohn, and even at that price it is no erary for his mid-November visit to Indone- non-partisan role of FALINTIL (Armed good,” says Macedo, who seems to have sia and East Timor was discussed. Forces for the National Liberation of East been unaffected by the climate of terror Manuel Macedo also reported to Lopes Timor), the principal component of the denounced two weeks ago by the Bishop of da Cruz on the activities which the Luso- CNRM (National Council of Maubere Re- Dili during an interview with a Swedish Indonesia friendship association’s intends to sistance), safeguarding, at all costs, the non- journalist. He appears equally untroubled carry out. These include installing in Timor partisan and supra-partisan role of this or- by the accounts of Indonesian soldiers’ a library with 3000 books in Portuguese. In ganisation which embodies the National persistent “brutality” and the increasing addition to Manuel Macedo and Galvao de Unity strategy. numbers of political prisoners, reported by Melo (who will be Chairman of the General 1993 also was important in upholding the the refugees who arrived in Lisbon on Assembly), this association includes promi- impact of the infamous massacre of Santa Wednesday. nent entrepreneurs and businessmen, such Cruz of 1991. The effect of this massacre As he confessed to Expresso, Macedo’s as Adalberto Felix and Paulo Felix (both has not gone away and there are signs that current concern is to get “good wine from from Santo Tirso), Alberto Pimenta the Senate and the Congress of USA will the Dao region” into East Timor for just one Machado (a Guimaraes industrialist, related keep it alive for sometime. thousand escudos a demijohn, as well as to the President of the Vitoria de Guimaraes In the international arena, we witnessed Portuguese canned goods and other prod- football club), Luis Leite, and Lisbon busi- the emergence of an embryonic face of an ucts. He says he has Suharto’s backing, in nessman Gaspar Santarosa. infra-structure of the CNRM. This, in itself, that exports to East Timor will be tax free is a gigantic challenge not only for José and, if the transport line has already been INDONESIA WANTS TO Ramos-Horta, but to all the Timorese activ- assured by a Dutch company, then, accord- SETTLE CONFLICT WITHIN ists abroad who genuinely want to liberate ing to Macedo, “Timor’s development” will their Homeland. not be in the hands of strangers. One of the FIVE MONTHS Overall, 1993 was what many believed: a investments planned for the territory is the This story is full of errors and speculation, test of the capacity of the Timorese to installation of two textile factories, in which which has been typical of Mantiri’s report- tackle unfamiliar forums such as the USA Macedo (as well as other industrialists in ing on East Timor. I’ll only correct one, in and Japan. the Friendship Association, such as Adal- the last paragraph: The United States Con- It is the shift from lobbying the 3rd berto Felix, Alberto Machado and Gaspar gress is considering linking arms sales to World to lobbying the industrialised world; Santa Rosa) is interested. Indonesia to human rights in East Timor; a shift from the focus on armed struggle to In fact, another of Manuel Macedo’s there has not been a decision, and an em- focus on diplomatic struggle; a shift from aims is to consolidate more commercial con- bargo is not (alas!) on the agenda for 1993. focusing on political partisanship to national tacts with Indonesia. To this end, he is – Charlie Scheiner, ETAN/US unity approach to politics. promoting a trip to Jakarta at New Year for In short, 1993, in spite of all the setbacks sixteen businessmen - “all from the Gui- This story reads like pure fantasy. Can any- caused by consecutive capture of the maraes area.” one confirm any of the major points? – John Timorese supreme leaders, the people of Since business cannot be all one-sided, MacD East Timor proved clearly to the world that the industrialist says that, shortly, he will By bob mantiri the foundation of the Maubere’s Resistance be importing Indonesian coffee and textiles, is, indeed, unbreakable. and confirms that they have already signed Brussels, Oct. 11 (ips) - Indonesia wants an import deal involving oil for Switzerland. to settle the East Timor conflict within the As he wishes “to contribute towards im- next five months, it was learned Monday INDONESIA MOVES ON proved relations” between Jakarta and Por- from diplomatic sources in Jakarta. In the last two months Portugal and In- THE DIPLOMATIC FRONT tuguese-speaking African countries (PA- LOPs), Macedo says he is acting as inter- donesia have been engaged in intensive se- mediary for tons of rice which Suharto is cret talks at the United Nations general as- sembly in New York, an EC diplomat – who MANUEL MACEDO’S going to donate to the Guinea Bissau and Mozambican governments. requested not to be named – revealed. BUSINESS He said that Indonesian minister Ali GALVAO DE MELO Alatas and his Portuguese counterpart José Expresso, 2 October 1993. By M.R. Trans- GOES TO INDONESIA Manuel Durão Barroso agreed to work “on lated from Portuguese confidence building measures which would Publico, 8 October 1993. Translated from lead to a far reaching autonomy for East (Lisbon) On the 21st of this month, Portuguese businessman Manuel Macedo will be for- Timor and a reinstatement of the Portuguese malising the Portugal-Indonesia Friendship (Lisbon) In Madrid last weekend, Galvao language and culture” in Lisbon’s former Association’s legalisation process. Won de Melo and Manuel Macedo, the driving oversees territory. over by “the efforts made by Indonesia in force behind a Luso-Indonesia friendship East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 39

“At a later stage there would likely be a RECONCILIATION TALKS hold a Fretilin conference next month. He return of the East Timorese exiles from Por- can probably count on this support because tugal and also a possible involvement of BOGGED DOWN for years, he has had access to funds that former political leaders in the administration Radio Netherlands, 15 October 1993. have among other things been used to give of an autonomous East Timor,” the diplo- Translated from Indonesian scholarships to young East Timorese in mat said. Portugal. East Timorese delegates from Indonesia The process of reconciliation between In any event, Jakarta lobbies are today and their compatriots in Portugal are re- pro-integration and anti-integration East seen as conspiring as they did in 1975 to ported to have met for the first time last Timorese is not going as well as Jakarta split the East Timorese community. Not Friday and Saturday in Madrid. would like. Even so, Abilio Araujo, a former surprisingly, many Fretilin people today On the Portuguese side the participants Fretilin minister who is involved in the oppose Araujo and some are shifting over to were Abilio Araujo and general Galvao process, hopes that it will eventually lead to his rival, the CNRM coalition which is led Melo. Indonesia was represented in the the participation of East Timorese in talks by José Ramos-Horta and Konis Santana. talks by the former deputy governor of East under the auspices of the UN. But others On the other hand, José Martins, a former Timor Lopes da Cruz as well as Clementino have their doubts. Bakin [Indonesian intelligence agency] agent Amaral, Salvador Ximenez and Tito Bap- To what extent can this reconciliation ini- who was recently a guest of the Jakarta tista. tiative help find a solution to the question of government, has accused Horta of misusing The so-called “historic reconciliation East Timor. Radio Hilversum has looked tens of thousands of dollars intended for the meeting” was originally planned for last into the issue and here is its report: people of East Timor. month in Brussels, but this was postponed It is now three months since Indonesia’s Another interesting development is that due to “technical problems.” ambassador for East Timor Affairs, Lopez the Bishop, Carlos Ximenes Belo, who vis- The new diplomatic initiatives coincided da Cruz, launched his idea of a dialogue ited the UN headquarters and Washington a with reports from Jakarta that Indonesia’s between East Timor groups abroad, but the few months ago, believes that this recon- president Suharto wants to solve the prob- process is not going well. Abilio Araujo, ciliation is quite useless unless all sides are lem within the coming five months. palace who still refers to himself head of Fretilin’s involved, including Horta’s group. sources said that Suharto, who has been in representation abroad told Radio Nether- In recent interviews with Swedish and power for more than 25 years intends to lands this week that he is not in a position Dutch radio programmes, Belo likened East step down in march. to say when and where the meeting will take Timor to a prison. Such opinions are cer- An extraordinary session of the highest place, but he is still hopeful. tainly not helpful to Jakarta, especially to political body, the ‘consultative people’s The first meeting that was to have been the lobby being developed by Lopez da congress’ is said to be planned by that time. held in Brussels was cancelled. According to Cruz whose task it is to give these recon- the people congress will appoint Vice- some circles, it is scheduled to take place in ciliation talks some credibility in the eyes of President try Sutrisno, a former four-star Madrid next month, with delegations on the UN. army general, as Suharto’s successor. each side consisting of seventeen persons. Abilio Araujo told Radio Netherlands The people’s congress would also for- For his part Abilio Araujo claims that the that the reconciliation talks have not yet mally approve the autonomous status of reconciliation talks are his idea, not Lopez taken place because his group has funding East Timor. president Suharto, a former da Cruz’s. and logistical problems, whereas José Mar- army general who came to power in 1965 The people of East Timor have suffered tins who has in the past few months drawn after bloodily crushing a communist coup, is for far too long and the Indonesia-Portugal close to Abilio Araujo recently denied in a ambitious to go into history as ‘bapak pem- negotiations have gone on for years without separate interview with Radio Netherlands bangunan’ (father of the industrial develop- any results. None of the major powers have that he will be participating in the proposed ment of Indonesia). done anything to change the situation in meeting. Next year is the year that Indonesia plans East Timor. He therefore believes that nego- Meanwhile, Lopez da Cruz was recently to launch itself as a newly industrialised tiations without an agenda are necessary in in Madrid only to attend a meeting of the nation, EC diplomats said. order to improve the human rights situation, Indonesia-Portugal Association, which has If these efforts fail, due to strong criti- build understanding, and exchange informa- apparently been used to conceal efforts to cism of the international community, Su- tion between friends inside and outside East get the bogged-down reconciliation talks harto will go down into history as a failure. Timor. The aim is to protect the safety and going. That is why he is keen that the East national identity of the East Timorese, said It comes as no surprise that, when asked Timor problem is settled once and forever Abilio Araujo. by a foreign journalist when the reconcilia- before he steps down, diplomats speculated. But it isn’t clear whether those East tion talks would take place in Madrid, an Indonesia’s poor record on human rights Timorese who, as students returned to East Indonesian military attaché in a European in East Timor has blocked a new economic Timor in 1975 to lead Fretilin [Araujo was capital replied bitterly, ‘Who are you, an agreement with the European community among these students], have now abandoned intel agent?’ and Indonesia’s partners within the associa- the principle of self-determination for the It also seems that General Galvao Melo, tion of south east Asian nations (ASEAN) – people of East Timor. I am steering clear of a former right-wing supporter of General which blames Jakarta for the problem. issues that could obstruct reconciliation, Spinola now turned businessman with tex- The United States has decided to impose said Abilio, who also told Radio Nether- tile interests, whose help was sought in an arms embargo against Indonesia, while lands that he talks to Lopez da Cruz almost setting up the Indonesia-Portugal Associa- the countries from Africa, Latin America daily by phone. tion, will next week be making a visit to and the pacific during their bi-annual meet- Although he has now been expelled from Jakarta. ing with the EC last week adopted a resolu- the Fretilin leadership, Araujo who still tion for the diplomatic isolation of the regards himself as holding the position (of government in Jakarta. head), says he enjoys majority support among East Timorese people and plans to Page 40 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

“ON GOOD TERMS WITH DURÃO BARROSO RECEIVES ing the declaration’s full text below, as well INDONESIA’S FRIENDLY GENERAL as the names of those who signed it, as a JAKARTA” further contribution towards understanding Publico, 6 November 1993. By J. T. Ne- the Timorese problem: Portugal-Indonesia Association launched greiros. Translated from Portuguese “Twelve years ago, on 17 July 1976 to Diario de Noticias, 22 October 1993. Trans- (Lisbon) At a recent lunch organised by be exact, we became Indonesian citizens lated from Portuguese the American Club, General Galvao de officially, and we are tremendously proud of (Lisbon) The Portugal-Indonesia Friend- Melo, the Chairman of the AAPI’s (Portu- that. In the name of our people, we, the ship Association was introduced yesterday gal-Indonesia Friendship Association) Gen- traditional leaders of all East Timor, have in Oporto - allegedly, for the good of the eral Assembly, publicly asked whether the decided to express our innermost feelings people of East Timor. guest of honour, Mr. Durão Barroso, would about our political position, as follows: “My friendship is with the people of allow him a 30-minute audience. 1. We categorically reject Portugal’s Timor, fort whose future I can see no other To the amusement of those present, the claims of being East Timor’s “administrating way but one of understanding and being on Foreign Minister replied that this had been power,” because the Portuguese Govern- good terms with Indonesia.” the first “indecent proposal” a General had ment surreptitiously, suddenly, and irre- It was in this way that General Galvao de ever put to him. sponsibly abandoned East Timor in August Melo introduced the Portugal-Indonesia Early yesterday evening, the Minister 1975, leaving our people in the turmoil of a Friendship Association. Many were the and General met for nearly two hours. It civil war. criticisms of the government, which “ap- was the first meeting between a Government 2. We consider Portugal’s wish to con- pears to be most interested in Timor’s fu- representative and a member of the new tinue the decolonisation process to be unre- ture.” As he took up his position as Chair- association. alistic, mistaken, and out of place. The de- man of the Association’s general assembly, On leaving the audience, which took colonisation process that Portugal started Galvao de Melo said it was time for us to place at the Palacio das Necessidades (For- and that was continued by the East “stop being hypocritical.” “Portugal, which eign Ministry), Galvao de Melo emphasised Timorese political parties has already been for 400 years cared little about Timor, ended that he had met Durão Barroso in his per- completed. Portugal aborted the decolonisa- up by abandoning it,” added the General, sonal capacity, and acknowledged the gulf tion process when it realised that the major- who saw the occupation of the territory by between his ideas on East Timor, and the ity of the Timorese people rejected the idea Indonesia as a way of avoiding “China get- Government’s policy on the matter. of communism being imposed in East ting a foot inside the door” of its archipel- Galvao de Melo, who is waiting for a Timor. ago. This avoidance, however, brought In- formal invitation from Jakarta to visit Indo- 3. On 30 November 1975, after the Por- donesia into a violent clash with Fretilin. nesia, also said that he had joined the AAPI tuguese departure from East Timor, four Then followed a list of the basic infrastruc- for “political reasons,” and expressed his political parties representing the majority of tures lacking at the time of the Portuguese view that negotiations with Suharto’s Ex- the people, requested integration with the departure, which have been created follow- ecutive was the only way out for the issue Republic of Indonesia. Their request was ing occupation by Indonesia. of Timor. subsequently freely and democratically “What sense does the term independence ratified by the Representative Assembly of make for a territory which is merely a part LIURAI SUPPORT the People of East Timor, at the time of the of one of the 17,000 islands which form the INTEGRATION interim Government, by means of a Petition Indonesian archipelago, and whose popula- for Integration, which was accepted by the tion (little more than half a million) pro- Publico, 12 November 1993. Translated Indonesian Government. Thus, on 17 July duces the equivalent of little more than from Portuguese 1976 East Timor became, de facto and de jure, part of the Indonesian Republic. 30,000 Escudos per capita per annum,” (Lisbon) Lately, the supporters in Portu- 4. Taking into account the fact that the Galvao de Melo asked the journalists pre- gal of Jakarta’s position have been referring traditional leaders, who were on Fretilin’s sent. to a document in which 35 Liurai (the tradi- Central Committee, as well as other Yesterday, little was said of possible tional chiefs in Timor) accept the integration Timorese who did not belong to political trading relations between the two countries. of East Timor into the Republic of Indone- parties, were determined on integration with Only the “installation of a warehouse in sia. They claim the document reveals a Indonesia, it may be concluded that all Timor and another in Indonesia is planned,” change of attitude inside East Timor. Timorese have exercised self-determination, Manuel Macedo, the Association’s Presi- The declaration, written in English and and chose integration with Indonesia. dent, informed the conference. However, dated 14 August this year, repeats the Indo- 5. Since 17 June 1976, we, the Timorese according to his information, there are com- nesian argument on the legitimacy of integra- people, are Indonesian citizens and are panies which are already prepared to look tion: the “surreptitious, sudden and irre- proud of our responsibilities and equal into future transactions. Such is the case of sponsible” departure of the Portuguese from rights, which we share with our compatriots Mida, and a cooker manufacturer. Timor, in August 1975; the subsequent from the other 26 Indonesian provinces, During the ceremony, letters arrived at request from four parties for intervention, from Sabang to Merauke, under the red and the hotel, where the Association was being known as the “Balibo Declaration"; its “free white flag of Indonesia. presented, congratulating the leaders for the and democratic” ratification, on 17 July 14th August 1993, in East Timor, initiative. Among such letters were messages 1976, by the so-called Representative As- 27th Province of the Republic of Indonesia.” sent by Janssen van Raay, Member of the sembly of the People of East Timor. In Signed: José Hermenegildo da Costa, Ju- European Parliament, Francisco Xavier do spite of available information, suggesting lio Cesar Sequeira, Candido da Costa, Can- Amaral, former President of the Democratic that today the Liurai’s influence is relative dido Vicente, Salvador de Araujo, Francisco Republic of East Timor, and former Fretilin in East Timor, and the fact that the docu- X. Tavares da Silva, Fernando de Araujo, and Falintil leader. ment itself does not reveal the traditional Saturnino Nunes Clau, Guilherme Gon- leaders’ place of origin, PUBLICO is print- calves, Joaquim dos Santos, Joaquim Babo, East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 41

Carlos da Costa, Gaspar Tilman, José Til- better by having an Indonesian embassy in support for efforts to seek a UN-mediated man, Artur Araujo, Teotonio Magno, Fran- Lisbon. solution to the East Timor conflict. cisco Lopes do Carvalho, João de Araujo, The continuation of diplomatic relations Parliamentarians from all parties except Sertorio de Sa Benevides, Celestino da Costa opens up vast perspectives for Portugal’s the Communist Party signed a petition to Bras, Tomas Mendonca, Joselino dos Reis, continuity in Asia where, sometime in the the Prime Minister presented to Vice- Luis Menezes, Filipe Ximenes, Mauricio uncertain future, the Portuguese will be able Cabinet Secretary Hatoyama by Lower Freitas, Joaquim Trindade, Hipolito de Car- to repeat its gripping performance of 1500. House member Okazaki Tomiko (JSP) and valho, Vidal Sarmento, Marcos da Cunha, The question raised by Publico (regarding three other members of the suprapartisan Andre A. de Sousa, Veressimo Dias Quin- the need for consultation according to the Diet Members Forum on East Timor. tas, Duarte Noronha, Adelino Ximenes, terms of the UN Charter, or its substitution In the petition, the parliamentarians cited Antonio Pinto Baptista. by an agreement between the two govern- the prime minister’s recent statement before ments, with personalities from the various the UN General Assembly in which Hoso- THE CLOCK CANNOT tendencies given the opportunity to speak), kawa affirmed the central position of human BE PUT BACK offers two vertices: one, under the prism of rights in Japanese policy. The parliamen- the UN, admissible as long as current inter- tarians urged Hosokawa to express support Publico, 12 November 1993. By Francisco national order is respected; the other would for Portugal’s diplomatic efforts and Ja- Lopes da Cruz (itinerant ambassador & be a feasible policy involving Portugal and pan’s hope that the issue of self- adviser to Pres. Suharto). Translated from Indonesia. determination will be included in the talks Portuguese With regard to the first, it would be abso- being held between Portugal and Indonesia lutely fair, had the Portuguese authorities under the auspices of the UN Secretary- The Portuguese Government’s efforts not abandoned Timor, submerging it in civil general. over the past 18 years, at various interna- war, and imposing a decolonisation process The Diet members would also like to see tional levels, have achieved nothing from the upon the Timorese which, according to in- the Hosokawa Government press Indonesia international community for the Timor ternational law, was not to be recommended. to allow greater access to East Timor by cause. Concerning the second, your alternative international medical and other health work- The Timorese people regrets that un- is the most logical, coherent, and admissible, ers, technicians, development organizations founded anti-Indonesia feelings have been because it includes the three main angles and human rights organizations. Last month stirred up in Portugal, when all Indonesians involved, in the UN’s interpretation: the Indonesia agreed in principle to allow greater and, needless to say, all Timorese feel a lot Governments of Portugal and Indonesia, and access. Encouraged by the Indonesian move, of admiration and brotherhood towards the the Timorese themselves - in other words, the parliamentarians want the Hosokawa Portuguese nation. The Timorese people those who are responsible, and those who Government to help ensure that it is carried themselves fell victims to the sad perform- have to work out their future. out in practice. ance of the Portuguese Government at that However, no one is able to speed up His- Okada Katsuya (Shinseito), one of the time, and is shocked because, being the si- tory, and the clock cannot be put back to Diet Forum members who met with Hato- lent majority, it was never asked about the 1974. Consulting the people today would yama, told the vice-cabinet secretary that drama of being abandoned. make the Timorese out to be irresponsible, the change of government offered a good I support the view that only a realistic because in 1976 they agreed to be Indone- opportunity for Japan to take positive view of past and present situations would sian citizens. measures to help resolve the East Timor help Portugal to understand the Timorese I sincerely believe that Portugal ought to issue. Hatoyama, who will convey the peti- better. The Timorese are fed up of seeing make the most of the talks with Indonesia, tion to the prime minister, expressed the their name used in plans and dreams to stop under UN auspices. Otherwise, the tradi- view that the parliamentarians’ position was them being what they are in the Indonesian tional Portuguese proverbs, “better late than an appropriate one for discussion with world: a people reunited with its brothers, never,” and “it is a wise man who changes President Soares next week when the issue from whom it had been separated during the his mind” will no longer be valid. of East Timor is raised. Dutch and Portuguese colonisation. Representative Okazaki and other Diet I believe the Portuguese Government Forum members will also meet with Presi- must be discerning and courageous enough MARIO SOARES dent Soares in Tokyo on Oct. 20. not to go along with unrealistic projects, which may bring back martyrdom and an- VISITS JAPAN guish for our people. We do not want Timor HOSOKAWA, SOARES SHAR E to be like Angola, which in the 1960s be- HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERN came the “flesh and blood of our people” for TIMOR IN SOARES- IN EAST TIMOR the Portuguese, and is today a drama of HOSOKAWA TALKS unnecessary bitter suffering. Kyodo News Service, Tokyo, Japan. Oct. 18, Needless to say, the continuation of dip- Press Release (Abridged), Oct. 15, 1993 1993. By Mutsuo Fukushima, Slightly abridged lomatic relations means daily formal or in- Diet Members Petition Prime Minister formal talks, which can only contribute, in a Hosokawa to Back Up East Timor Peace Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa is correct and decisive way, towards the set- Talks! under suprapartisan parliamentary calls to tlement of the case. Timor is a bone of con- throw Japan’s moral weight behind Portu- tention between Portugal and Indonesia, but (In Summit Meeting with Portugal’s gal’s call for defense of human rights in its this does not make us enemies. Soares) former colony of East Timor, now under The Timorese people would be better Members of the Japanese Diet today Indonesian rule. understood from Jakarta, just as the Portu- asked Prime Minister Hosokawa to use the The appeal by 12 legislators from seven guese people would get to know Indonesia occasion of Portuguese President Mario parties comes just before his talks on Tues- Soares’ state visit next week to express day with Portuguese President Mario Page 42 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Soares, a critic of Jakarta’s reported repres- more Japanese investment in his homeland SOARES URGES JAPAN TO PUT sion of East Timorese rights. and said Portugal wants to deepen dialogue PRESSURE ON INDONESIA The appeal calls for expressing Japanese on political matters as well. readiness to urge Jakarta to put less restric- Soares, on a 10-day visit, made the call Reuter World Service, October 20, 1993. tions on foreign doctors and human rights during an hour-long meeting with Prime Abridged groups who enter East Timor. It also backs Minister Morihiro Hosokawa. (Tokyo) Portuguese President Mario a Portuguese call to allow the people of East Hosokawa said the amount of Japan’s Soares urged Japan on Wednesday to watch Timor to call a referendum on independence. investment in Portugal ranks 10th among its Indonesia’s human rights record in the for- In addition, it calls on Hosokawa to sup- investments in European Community coun- mer Portuguese colony of East Timor before port Portugal’s position in foreign ministe- tries and he hopes Soares’ visit will be a extending official government aid to Jakarta. rial talks with Indonesia that have been held good opportunity to expand economic rela- “Assisting the development of another under the auspices of U.N. Secretary Gen- tions. country cannot be considered separately eral Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Soares also touched on human rights from respect for human rights in that coun- The Japanese parliamentarians are from problems concerning the former Portuguese try,” Soares told a luncheon held by Prime seven parties, the Liberal Democratic Party, colony of East Timor. Foreign Ministry Minister Morihiro Hosokawa. the Social Democratic Party, Shinseito, the officials quoted Soares as saying Portugal’s “This puts your country in a very good Japan New Party, Sekigake, Komeito and position is clear – the government wants position to appreciate our plea that the the Democratic Socialist Party. Indonesia to abide by international laws and human rights of the East Timorese should be Portuguese expectations are also running a U.N. resolution. respected in order to satisfy the demands of high, with a senior diplomat noting Hoso- Calls have also come from Japanese law- international justice,” the Kyodo news kawa’s record as a signatory to last year’s makers urging Hosokawa to throw Japan’s agency quoted Soares as saying in the petition by 289 Japanese and U.S. legisla- moral weight behind Portugal call’s for de- speech. tors asking Boutros-Ghali to mitigate the fense of human rights in its former colony, Soares said Indonesia should also allow islanders’ agony. now under Indonesian rule. journalists and the human rights group Am- “Mr. Hosokawa has a good record of giv- Soares told Hosokawa he hopes foreign nesty International to check reports of ing his signature to a petition in 1992 from ministerial talks between Portugal and Indo- abuses in East Timor. Japanese and U.S. lawmakers asking the nesia under the auspices of the U.N. will be Japan is Indonesia’s largest aid donor. Its United Nations to protect East Timorese an opportunity for Indonesia to abide by stated policy is to withdraw official gov- rights,” said José Pereira, the Portuguese the laws, Foreign Ministry officials said. ernment aid from governments building up embassy’s first secretary. Indonesia invaded East Timor shortly af- huge armies or violating human rights, but it The petition, cosigned by 152 U.S. law- ter the Portuguese colonial administration has seldom invoked the principle. makers and 142 Japanese legislators. urged left in 1975. Jakarta annexed the territory in “It is a true sign of a dictatorship if it an investigation of the reported executions, 1976. The U.N. still recognizes Portugal as fears Amnesty International,” Soares, long torture, arbitrary arrests and suppression of East Timor’s legitimate administrators. imprisoned by Portugal’s right wing gov- freedom of speech. The U.N. Security Council has adopted ernment in the 1960s and 70s, told a news “The world will see whether Japan will resolutions twice calling on Indonesia to conference later in the day. live up to the principle of human rights soften its reported repression in East Timor. The Portuguese leader arrived on Mon- Hosokawa vowed to pursue at the U.N. Hosokawa told Soares Japan supports day for a week-long visit to commemorate General Assembly, where he expressed U.N. efforts on the issue. the 450th anniversary of ties with Japan. Japan’s determination to speak up for hu- Twelve lawmakers from seven parties In 1543, three Portuguese shipwrecked man rights,” said Tomiko Okazaki, a Social have called on Hosokawa to express Japa- sailors were washed ashore on Tanegashima, Democratic Party legislator, one of the 12 nese readiness to urge Jakarta to put fewer becoming the first Europeans to set foot in legislators who appealed to Hosokawa. restrictions on foreign doctors and human Japan. Japan is Indonesia’s largest aid donor, rights groups who enter East Timor. They with its 1991 aid amounting to 235 billion also back a Portuguese call to allow the JAPAN ASSURES SOARES OF yen. Following the 1991 Persian Gulf War, people of East Timor to call a referendum SOLIDARITY WITH TIMOR Japan imported a greater amount of Indone- on independence. sian oil in view of the need to diversity the Hosokawa was a signatory to last year’s Diario de Noticias, 20 October 1993. Trans- sources of oil importations. petition by 289 Japanese-U.S. lawmakers lated from Portuguese. Abridged “Our view is that human rights suppres- asking U.N. Secretary General Boutros The question of Timor was obviously sion by Indonesia took place in East Boutros-Ghali to mitigate the islanders’ present at the meeting the President of the Timor,” a Foreign Ministry official told plight. The petition urged an investigation of Republic held, at his official residence in Kyodo News Service. “Japan will insist on reported executions, torture, arbitrary ar- Tokyo, with the leader of the Japanese what it should insist on in regards to the rests and suppression of freedom of speech. Government. issue of human rights, as one’s readiness to It also cited a videotaped incident in Hosokawa confirmed, to Mario Soares speak up for human rights is a measure of Santa Cruz cemetery in the East Timorese and Foreign Minister Durão Barroso, that the maturity of an industrial democracy.” capital of Dili in 1991 in which Indonesian Japan’s positions regarding the issue had troops fired into crowds of mourners at a evolved (in line with UN decisions), and funeral for a pro-independence student ac- SOARES APPEALS TO JAP AN expressed Tokyo’s agreement on the need tivist. Jakarta says 50 civilians were killed, for respect for human rights in the territory Portuguese president calls for more invest- but others claim the number was much and on the principle of self-determination. ment and support on East Timor higher. Hosokawa (who was updated on the Lis- TOKYO (UPI, Oct. 19) – Portuguese bon-Jakarta talks by the Foreign Minister) President Mario Soares called Tuesday for East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 43 favoured a peaceful settlement to the prob- The President told the Japanese MPs has resulted in the deaths of 200,000 peo- lem. (including Satusuki Eda, currently Minister ple, one-third the population. of State, who took part in the meeting enti- Under past governments, Japan turned a SOARES: DEVELOPMENT AID tled “Activist for Timor”) that the situation blind eye to the plight of the East Timorese CANNOT BE DISASSOCIATED was changing, especially in the US, and that, and voted against UN resolutions support- under pressure from the press, changes in ing their right to self determination. Fur- FROM HUMAN RIGHTS behaviour were being noticed everywhere. thermore, it has never applied its declared The Forum delegation gave assurances of “ODA guidelines” linking economic aid to Diario de Noticias, 21 October 1993. By J. its continuing efforts, both in Japan and human rights to Indonesia, which receives Fragoso Mendes. Translated from Portu- abroad, to find a solution. the largest amount of Japanese ODA of any guese. Abridged Durão Barroso suggested that the Forum country in the world. (Tokyo) Yesterday, Timor was still ask the Indonesian Government whether it The letter recalls that Prime Minister dominating the President of the Republic’s is complying with what was agreed at the Hosokawa, in a recent speech before the UN political speech in Japan. First, he received a last meeting held at the UN, namely to allow General Assembly, reaffirmed the ODA delegation from the Parliamentary Forum on independent organisations access to the guidelines, and calls on him to make diplo- East Timor. Later, at lunch with Prime Min- territory. matic efforts with respect to the issue of ister Hosokawa, he again referred at length Speaking in his individual capacity, Sa- East Timor that are in keeping with the to the issue. Finally, at the press conference tusuki Eda said that there was a “step by spirit of these guidelines. attended by the Japanese media, the subject step” evolution in Tokyo’s position: “Now, Coalition representative KIJIMA Ma- of Timor took up a substantial amount of under the present government, things are samichi delivered the letter to the Prime time. improving. The Prime Minister, by con- Minister’s secretary, Mr. Yatsuka. The On each occasion the President diplo- demning (according to the principles we letter asks Mr. Hosokawa to encourage the matically referred to Japan’s responsibilities defend) human rights violations, has given a Indonesian president to abide by the “con- as a democratic country, defender of human clear indication of evolution in the official sensus statement” it agreed to at the United rights, an economic power with regard to a positions,” he said, adding that Japan was Nations Human Rights Commission in dictatorship, and violator of fundamental aware that any gesture from Tokyo on the 1992, to permit greater access to East Timor rights and freedoms. But, and this should be issue could influence Indonesia’s attitude. for UN, human rights, and other humanitar- taken into consideration, Indonesia is one of Later, at the press conference, in re- ian organizations. The premier is also asked Japan’s main trading partners, suppliers of sponse to a question on Timor, the Presi- to encourage Suharto to demilitarize East raw materials, and privileged target of Japa- dent of the Republic condemned Jakarta, Timor, negotiate a peaceful settlement of the nese investment. outlined the process, and reaffirmed that East Timor issue in UN sponsored talks He reminded the Prime Minister that Portugal had no designs on the territory. that include the representatives of the East “development aid cannot be disassociated On the eve of the President’s visit, the Timorese people, and discuss in the context from human rights and from the principle of Parliamentary Forum delivered a petition to of those talks a concrete framework for democracy,” adding that he knew “Japan the Prime Minister, in which Hosokawa was realizing an act of self-determination in the shared these concerns.” asked to make a clear statement of support territory. “Because of this,” he said, “I wish to ap- for Portugal’s diplomatic efforts. They also Recalling that Japanese troops occupied peal for the defence of the rights of the asked that the government put pressure on East Timor during the Pacific War, the letter Timorese people, who live under Indonesian Jakarta to allow international aid organisa- says that Japan is “urgently obliged,” to occupation and have been the victims of the tions access to the territory, in accordance make amends for this past by “contributing violation of the most basic rules of interna- with the principles established between to the realization of self determination for tional law. The condemnation of Indonesia Portugal and Indonesia in New York. the people of East Timor.” at the UN Human Rights Commission has signified the international community’s APPEAL FOR EAST TIMOR repudiation of that systematic violation.” He added that “Japan, whose policy is TO SEATTLE BOUND one of respect for international law and for PM HOSOKAWA UN decisions, is well able to understand our appeal for international legality and that Press Release from the Free East Timor people’s rights to be respected in East Japan Coalition, November 16, 1993 Timor.” A citizen’s group today delivered a letter To the Parliamentary Forum on East to the Diet office of Prime Minister Hoso- Timor, an organisation of deputies from kawa, asking the premier to use the occasion both chambers of the Diet which has sup- of the upcoming summit meeting in Seattle ported the Timorese cause for many years, to express Japan’s concern over the East the President once again recalled that Portu- Timor issue to President Suharto of Indone- gal had no designs on the territory and that sia. Both Suharto and Hosokawa are sched- the issue was one of international law. uled to attend the APEC meeting. “Portugal just wants respect for interna- The group, Free East Timor! Japan Coa- tional law and for human rights, and wants lition, consists of eleven organizations cam- the Timorese people’s right to self- paigning in Japan for a just solution to the determination recognised,” he said during a East Timor issue. East Timor, formerly a meeting at his official residence, open to the Portuguese colony, was invaded by Indone- Portuguese press. He added that “Portugal sian troops in 1975, and Jakarta’s 18 year will never transgress those principles.” long attempt to subjugate the population Page 44 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

but a violation of fundamental human rights fact that he is still pushing this line owes EVENTS IN AUSTRALIA of the Timorese people . The argument of entirely on the rationale that, internation- the governments of Indonesia and China that ally, Australia must work as part of this human rights must be seen within cultural region. If asianisation of Australia means KEATING FAILS TO boundaries was defeated in the last Interna- necessarily avoiding taking a stand on the CONVINCE CLINTON tional Conference on Human Rights in Vi- fundamental issues of human values as enna. The governments of Indonesia and stated in the UN Charter and, in the case of The following is an item from the first page China, however, continue to persist with East Timor, in the ten resolutions of the UN of October Matebian News. Other items their views that the concept of human rights General Assembly and Security Council, contained in this issue are “James Dunn’s is a “disease” of the western culture. this asianisation must be rejected by all letter to Senator Claibone Pell of US Foreign In his first visit to Indonesia, April last Australians because, ultimately, it will Affairs Committee,” “A Poem for Xanana,” year, Paul Keating advised Suharto’s regime serves no people of this region at all; if any- “The Australian Press On East Timor - A to use the most effective way to defeat the thing, it will always serve the interests of a Brief Overview” and “Latest From the Timorese nationalism: development coupled small click of dictators of the Asian-Pacific UN.” with reconciliation. Paul Keating and his region; the likes of generals Suharto, Moer- Matebian News/East Timor Information & Foreign Minister, Senator Gareth Evans, dani and Try Sutrisno. Documentation Centre is a project of the argue that the best way to help the After all, following this kowtowing logic East Timor Relief Association. It can be Timorese is to support Indonesian occupa- of Paul Keating and Gareth Evans – that obtained via ETRA’s email address. An tion of East Timor, although, according to appeasement of dictators is the best way to annual subscription is $20 including post- Gareth Evans, the invasion of East Timor improve human rights – should not it be age. by Indonesia is “indefensible.” One can ask China (rather then Australia) to be awarded then, if the invasion is indefensible, how can the Olympic Games of the year 2000? Paul Keating : Lobby for Indonesian this illegal occupation be defensible. generals but failed to convince Clinton Another element of hypocrisy of Paul SENATOR JULIAN During his tour to USA, UK and Ireland, Keating can be seen in his recent interview MCGAURAN RAISES TIMOR Paul Keating echoed his government’s hy- given to a prominent Irish journalist, Olivia pocrisy on Human Rights and, desperately, O’Leary, on a prime time TV. When he was IN AUSTRALIA tried to portray his stand as the most ma- asked about his stand on East Timor, PM Oct. 14 report from Martin Wesley-Smith ture and realistic approach. He advised Clin- Paul Keating replied: “to argue against in- ton to take a softer line on Human Rights, corporation of East Timor into Indonesia Senator Julian McGauran (Australian particularly towards China and Indonesia. would be absolutely fruitless - but what one Senator (National Party) from Victoria) is The logic of Paul Keating is that appeasing should argue is that those people is prop- “raising the matter of human rights viola- dictators is consistent with real politiks erly treated and opportunities made avail- tions in East Timor within the coalition because it is the best way to reap the eco- able to them and that the Indonesian au- policy bodies” and intends “to begin a cam- nomic advantage these two future giant mar- thorities change their tune in relation to paign in key places to raise awareness of the kets offer to the industrialised countries. human rights, especially for Timor.” issue” - as he explains in a letter to me and Prime Minister Paul Keating’s advise to Notwithstanding Paul Keating’s insulting many others dated Oct. 11 1993. President Clinton came at a time where the and paternalistic attitude towards the peo- “I believe that the old argument that East Government of USA is increasingly consis- ple of East Timor, what he refuses to see is Timor is potentially a ‘little Cuba’ is no tent in its willingness to implement the very that his argument is fruitless. The illegal longer a sufficient justification for the Indo- basic principle of democracy - human rights occupation Appeasing the generals of Indo- nesian annexation,” he writes, adding that he - regardless of colour, race, religion, sex or nesia did not stop the massacre of Sta. Cruz would be pleased to receive any material national borders. In this context, the US in 12 Nov. 1991; appeasing the Indonesian relating to the issue. Administration is gradually locking itself Junta in Jakarta did not stop the Indonesian Senator McGauran’s address is: into punishing Indonesia towards the re- generals boycotting the International Red Suite 17, Collins Place spect of fundamental human rights of the Cross operating in East Timor; appeasing 45 Collins Street Timorese People. In Indonesia itself, accord- the Indonesian generals has not stop them Melbourne ing to the views of President Clinton and the from torturing the people of East Timor, let Victoria 3000, Australia Democrats the Indonesian workers must be alone the number of young people that dis- Tel: [61-3] 650 3622; fax: [61-3] 650 allowed to freely organise their unions. And, appeared until today. On the contrary, if 3565 as far as China goes, the equally appalling any change have occurred recently in terms Or The Senate record on Human Rights must be empha- of the Indonesian generals behaviour in East Parliament House sised as a barrier for a healthy international Timor, it has been the direct effect of the Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia relations. It seems that the blood of those international pressure rather then Paul Tel: [61-6] 277 3664, fax: [61-6] 277 killed in, both, the Tianamen Square massa- Keating’s appeasement. 3225 cre and the massacre of Sta. Cruz (Nov. Furthermore, Paul Keating’s stand on the 1991) is now haunting these two dictator- republicanism seems to be based on the fact On September 30 1993, Senator McGau- ships. that only with a full political independence ran made a “speech in the context of an Nevertheless, Paul Keating still tries very from Mother- England that Australia, as a Adjournment” in the Senate. He spoke hard to defend the generals of Indonesia. He nation, can be fully developed and integrated about recent comments made by the Austra- is doing it in spite of an increasingly strong in the Asian-Pacific region. If this is true, lian Prime Minister Paul Keating, and ex- condemnation of the generals Junta in Ja- defending the view that the Timorese people pressed opposition to Keating’s rampant karta because of their illegal occupation of can be best served only if they are integrated hypocrisy. For example: East Timor. The International Community into Indonesia is utter hypocrisy. The is now aware that this occupation is nothing Keating logic is obviously indefensible. The East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 45

“Mr. Keating said in an interview that media who were reporting on events in 4. dialogue with the East Timorese commu- the debate on the invasion of Timor was Balibo, East Timor, in 1975 (they were nity in Australia about their pastoral over. He said: Gary Cunningham, Brian Peters, Malcolm needs and aspirations and explore ways ‘I think to be arguing against the incorpo- Rennie, Greg Shackleton & Tony Stewart). in which the churches might respond fur- ration of East Timor into Indonesia would Speakers included James Dunn (former ther. be absolutely fruitless’ Australian Consul in East Timor, former CISET encourages: “Strikingly, these words followed Mr. Foreign Affairs Advisor to the Federal Gov- Keating’s comments in Washington to the ernment, and author on East Timor), Ted 1. the call for a negotiated, just settlement, President of the United States, Mr. Bill Mack (Federal Member for North Sy dney), recognising the aspirations of the East Clinton, regarding human rights generally in and the Xanana Gusmão’s daughter. Paul Timorese; the Asian region, where he said: Stewart (lead singer of Melbourne band 2. increased awareness of history, language ‘More balance is required between the Painters & Dockers, and brother of mur- and culture of our close northern neigh- question of trade and human rights’ dered journalist Tony Stewart) sang a song bour; “In diplomatic language this was taken as he had written after having visited Balibo. In 3. the call for free and open access to East a signal to place the question of human his speech he said that he was somewhat Timor; rights second to that of trade negotiations. A embarrassed at the fuss still being made 4. the call to dismantle military control of very softly, softly approach to human about five journalists losing their lives when East Timor; rights in Asia was Mr. Keating’s prescrip- there is not enough fuss made about the lost tion for the conduct of foreign policy in the lives of 200,000 or more East Timorese. 5. support for East Timorese communities Asia-Pacific region. With this attitude, Mr. The rally was organised by the Austra- in Australia; Keating would have been the worst advocate lian East Timor Association (AETA), PO 6. practical support for the church and peo- for Australia in its Olympic bid. It was Box 229 Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia; ple of East Timor precisely those Europeans who vigilantly tel: [61-2] 716 6354; fax: [61-2] 716 8266. 7. the call for Australian politicians to ac- protested against the Chinese violations of “Balibo,” an audio-visual composition for tively support the above. human rights, and the Tiananmen Square flute, tape and transparencies (music: Mar- For more info on CISET call tel. (02) 356 massacre in particular, who helped to turn tin Wesley-Smith; computer graphics: Kia 3888; fax.(02)356 3021 Uniya 24 Roslyn the votes to Sydney’s favour in the final Mistilis) will be performed by Geoffrey Street, Kings Cross, NSW 2011 count” Collins (flute) at a concert presented by the Senator McGauran concluded his lengthy audio-visual & computer music group watt PEACE ACTIVISTS IN speech with: at 8pm on Sat Oct. 23 in the Domain Thea- “I wonder how ... human rights violations tre, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sy d- RUBBER DINGIES AND in East Timor weigh on the Catholic con- ney [$15, $10]. KAYAKS CHALLENGE INDON science of the Prime Minister, Mr. Keating, WARSHIPS... who was quoted in the media as saying, ‘We CHRISTIANS IN SOLIDAR ITY possess each an innate human dignity.’ WITH EAST TIMOR From Matebian News, 24 Oct. 1993 “Mr. Keating claims that it is his Catho- Today, Sunday 24 October, Peace Squad- lic conscience which prompts him to call for From Pat Walsh, Oct. 19. ron, a Sydney-based peace group, combined a republic and this equates with the defence effort with Timorese activists to protest of human dignity. I would have thought that The visit to Australia by Bishop Belo is to coincide with the revamping of Christians against the presence of three Indonesian a more serious and deeper analysis of his warships in the port of Sydney. These war- Catholic conscience would have led him to a in Solidarity with East Timor (CISET). CISET was formed in 1982 as an ecumenical ships came to Sydney as part of a combined stronger defence of human rights in coun- navy exercise to take place between the tries such as East Timor. Now Australia group which was given further momentum in 1989 with the Popes visit to the territory, Royal Australian Navy and the Indonesian stands alone in regard to the East Timor navy. situation and what was justified by policy when regular meetings occurred involving the Catholic Social Justice Council, the Aus- The Peace Squadron has been active in in the past is no longer as world history has the past three days. They painted six ended and begun again. It is therefore crucial tralian Council of Churches, the Australian Conference of Leaders of Religious Insti- crosses on the ships. The six crosses repre- that Australia reassesses its foreign policy sented the six Australian journalists killed towards East Timor.” tutes, Pax Christi, the Uniting Church and Uniya. by the Indonesian army while they were The National Party is a right-wing party fulfilling their duties as journalists covering not normally noted for its concern for hu- Only this year a project officer, Sister Kathleen O’Connor, has been employed to international affairs. Peace Squadron also man rights, and it may be that Senator put banners in one of the ships to highlight McGauran is alone in his party in express- undertake a CISET project which aims to: 1. design and implement strategies for sup- the killing of the Timorese by the Indone- ing these views. He must, in my opinion, be sian military. encouraged and supported. port within the churches in Australia for a negotiated and just settlement of the Today’s protest was the climax of all conflict in East Timor under UN aus- these actions. The action was covered by 18 EAST TIMOR RALLY pices; colourful “kayaks,” 4 rubber dingies with IN SYDNEY 2. establish opportunities for dialogue and East Timor colourful flag, Xanana’s poster and banners highlighting the illegal occupa- From Martin Wesley Smith, Oct. 16. interaction between churches in Australia and East Timor and their pastoral, wel- tion of East Timor by Indonesia, demanding There was a rally in Sydney Town Hall fare and development agencies; the release of all Timorese prisoners and “Indonesia Out of East Timor -NOW!!!.” Square this morning to commemorate the 3. assist with the promotion and protection deaths, eighteen years ago today, of five of human rights in East Timor; journalists working for Australian news Page 46 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

The event was covered by both the Aus- landed on the ship’s deck where it was ex- the East Timor problem with means other tralian and Portuguese media and witnessed tinguished by sailors. than jackboots and machine guns. by hundreds of onlookers. Is it not indeed racist to advocate for our Eight hundred pamphlets “Free Xanana, INDONESIA - SEEING NO East Timorese neighbours a mmilitary re- Free East Timor” were distributed and many EVIL gime which - with its appalling human rights thrown into the ships. record - would certainly not be acceptable to Many Timorese and Aussie supporters The Australian, 9 November 1993, By Mi- Australians including, I am sure, Mr. Wool- gave moral support ashore, distributed chael Wagner, Chairperson East Timor cott? pamphlets to the tourists and spoke to the Foundation Canberra public about East Timor. The accusation of racism and prejudice UREN RECALLS WARTIME The event certainly had a powerful im- DEBT TO EAST TIMOR pact to the Indonesian sailors. It made them leveled against human rights and East Timor aware about the strong support East support groups and their description as “ anti - Indonesia lobby” by Mr. Richard The Australian 11th November 1993 By Timorese people and Xanana have in Sy d- Jonathan Porter ney. Probably, the Indonesian sailors might Woolcott are malicious and offensive. have asked today why the protesters were In nearly 20 years of involvement with Former ALP minister Mr. Tom Uren was not arrested or even shot? - This could be the Australian coalition for East Timor and as lucky as his mate Paddy Keneally when something useful for them to take home! East Timor Foundation I have not seen one they were both serving on the island of The goal in doing this kind of campaign is “racist” statement or heard one “anti- Timor. to foster the process of raising conscious- Indonesian” argument by any group or indi- Tom, who was captured by the Japanese ness of the Indonesian people about the vidual activist. when they occupied the island, was serving plight of the Timorese people. It did have a On the contrary, dialogue with democ- in West Timor- where the indigenous people positive effect. ratically-minded Indonesians has always had collaborated with the occupiers. an important place in the East Timor sup- But Mr. Keneally was in East Timor, he FLARE FIRED AT INDONESIAN port movement which traces its fundamental fell back with the other members of Number WARSHIP IN AUSTRALIA arguments back to Australian support of the 2 Independent Company into the hills and Indonesian struggle for independence in the was succoured by the East Timorese, who Reuter and AP, 24 October 1993. Abridged 1940s. help the company fight the Japanese for (Sydney) An Australian was arrested on Denouncing Indonesia’s military invasion another year until Mr. Keneally was evacu- Sunday after a flare was fired onto the deck and occupation of East Timor as expansion- ated by destroyer. of a visiting Indonesian warship, the third in ist and brutal and aiming to nurture the con- Mr. Uren said yesterday the help Paddy a series of protests against the visit by ditions for a political solution of the East and the men he fought with received from peace activists. Timor conflict is neither crude nor preju- the islanders symbolised the debt Australia Police charged the 33-year old man after a diced. owed to the tiny nation. flare struck the deck of the Kri Arun, one of The crudity is firmly on the side of offi- “Every Australian has a moral obligation three Indonesian warships berthed in Sy d- cials like Mr. Woolcott who pretended in to the East Timorese people - and that in- ney harbour on Saturday night. He was 1975 that East Timor was not invaded by cludes politicians,” he said. arrested on swimming ashore in the early the Indonesian armed forces(but by “volun- Australians in East Timor during the hours of Sunday. There was no damage teers” without insignia on their uniforms); war” could not have survived without the aboard the vessel. who pretended to know nothing when five support of those people.” Activists protesting Indonesia’s human Australian journalists were murdered in Mr. Uren, a critic of Australia’s recogni- rights record in East Timor placed a Balibo( despite listening to Indonesian field tion of Indonesian sovereignty over East Timorese rebel flag on the side of one of the communications in Darwin); who pretended Timor, was speaking at the launch of an ships. in the 1980s to know nothing about the exhibition of photographs of East Timorese Six blood-red crosses were painted on the campaigns of “encirclement and annihila- in Sydney yesterday. side of the ships on Thursday, in memory tion” when 200,000 East Timorese disap- The photographs date back to the 1940s of six Australian journalists killed in 1975. peared from the census figures; and who and chronicle the Indonesian annexation of The protest sparked a full-scale security applauded loudly in 1992 when an Indone- the nation in 1975, up to the Dili massacre scare Sunday. The swimming protester was sian government inquiry blamed the un- in 1991. chased by an Indonesian patrol boat and armed East Timorese protesters for the Dili The exhibition includes images, captured Australian naval and civilian police swung massacre and reprimanded a couple of re- by Elaine Brière, of the period of compara- into action, but the protester managed to sponsible senior Indonesian officers for tive peace in the 1970s. elude them in the water for more than an failing to maintain discipline. One of Brière’ photographs, taken in hour before being arrested on nearby shores. In his position as ambassador to Indone- 1974 shows an East Timorese woman sleep- He was charge and released on bail to appear sia, Mr. Woolcott failed to access accurately ing comfortably on a bamboo bed, her head in court on Monday. the political situation in East Timor and to cushioned near a pile of rocks. In subsequent interviews, he said he was advice the government that a brutal military The pictures range from an image of a protesting against human rights violations in subjugation of East Timor would become a grinning Xanana Gusmão, taken before the East Timor. long-term obstacle to establishing good resistance leader was captured by Indone- Police said the Indonesian patrol boat neighbourly relations between Australian sian authorities, to a “sealed section” of the from the naval vessel Kri Arun was patrol- and Indonesian. exhibition, with disturbing images of bodies ling three Indonesian naval ships on a good- There is little public evidence that Mr. of resistance fighters shockingly mistreated, will mission when they saw a man in the Woolcott ever tried to seek out and nurture some pocked with bullet holes. water around 1am. A flare was fired and it the democratic forces in Indonesian politics, Mr. Uren also criticised the Minister for forces which may well be prepared to solve Foreign Affair, Senator Evans, for his han- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 47 dling of the Government’s stance on East 1989, the 460 in 1990, the 425 in 1991 and Indonesian soldiers, two weeks earlier. Timor, saying that when he knew Senator the 428 last year,” he said. Approximately 4000 people attended the Evans as a young Labour politician, his ceremony. attitude to the issues involved was different. SYDNEY SEMINAR A UN delegate, Mr. Kooijmans (Special “People are good in Opposition and cou- ON EAST TIMOR Rapporteur on Torture) was staying in Dili rageous in Opposition but when it comes to at the time, so a pro-independence demon- being in government - event the people who The FRETILIN Committee of NSW is orga- stration was planned to start after the mass. become foreign ministers and governors- nizing a seminar to highlight the 2nd anni- - once in the street, the concealed pro- general - it seems to be a different story,” he versary of the Santa Cruz Massacre in Dili. independence banners were unfurled and T- said. shirts with slogans were displayed. 6 November 1993 - With high spirits, the demonstrators PROBLEMS FOUND IN PUSH Venue: Brian Wunsch Centre, Fairfield City marched towards Santa Cruz Cemetery. ON EAST TIMOR Council, 128 Avoca Road, Wakeley More people started joining the procession Time: 5.00 pm - 8.00 pm and by the time they got there, there were The Age 12th November 1993 By Margaret an estimated 6000 people. Speakers: Easterbrook - A young woman called the crowd to Rodney Lewis, member of the Executive pray. Everybody joined her and they started Support by some countries for separate of the Australian Section of the International praying with fervent. statehood for East Timor as a means of Commission of Jurists. (Attended the trial -After laying down flowers on Sebas- tackling human rights abuses was “seriously of the East Timorese in Dili in 1992 as an tiao’s grave, the demonstrators would con- counter-productive,” the Foreign Minister, observer.) tinue to Bishop Belo’s house and to Hotel Senator Evans, said yesterday. Andre Frankovitch, National Campaign Turismo where Mr. Kooijmans was staying. He was speaking after launching a human Director of the Amnesty International. - Meanwhile, the Indonesian soldiers rights manual, the first of its kind, explaining East Timorese were closing in. They positioned around one where and how human rights fit into the side of the Santa Cruz Cemetery and inside conduct of Australian foreign policy. SYDNEY SEMINAR SUCCES SFUL the Indonesian Cemetery ( opposite the Senator Evans said the calls for a separate The Seminar on East Timor was well at- Santa Cruz Cemetery ). The riot police lined state by European and other countries were tended by 60 people mainly the East up behind them. unrealistic and were not going to persuade Timorese living in Sydney. The panel was - Suddenly, without warning, the Indone- the Indonesian Government to display composed by Andre Frankovitch, Rodney sian soldiers started firing directly into the greater sensitivity to the former Portuguese Lewis, Estanislau da Silva and João Carras- crowd. The prayers were trapped! The colony it invaded in 1975. calão. closest route to escape was to run into the Defending Australia’s stance on human It was opened by Estanislau da Silva, the Santa Cruz Cemetery. People trampled on rights abuses against the East Timorese by Co-ordinator of FRETILIN Committee with each other in the main entrance. Others Indonesian, Senator Evans said Australia a very brief review of the situation in East headed north along the main road, but were had been one of the strongest and most per- Timor in the last two year and the latest shot from behind. sistent voices seeking of s reconciliation information received from the territory. - The estimated death toll for that day process. The seminar was covered by Portuguese and the following weeks was put, by “We can only go on repeating that mes- TV which interview Andre Frankvitc and Timorese sources, over 300 people. Kamal sage,” he said. “ I’ll do it again.” Rodney Lewis after. It was taped by Radio Bamadhaj, a great supporter of the East Senator Evans said it had been obvious Laline and whoever wants a copy can ob- Timorese people, was also killed that day. for many years that this issue would not be tained from FRETILIN Committee of NSW, A peaceful demonstration ending as a cold resolved by self-determination for East P.O. Box 74, BONNYRIGG, NSW 2177. blood massacre. Timor. A letter written by the East Timorese Origin: NSW Fretilin Committee “At the end of the day, all one can say is political prisoners to the members of the that it is better to be realistic than hope- Central Council of FRETILIN External lessly unrealistic in the way in which one Delegation, José Luis Guterres, Mari 12 NOVEMBER views these issues,” he said. Alkatiri, Roque Rodrigues and Alfredo Bor- REMEMBRANCE IN DARWIN “That’s not so much a message to the ges Ferreira, supporting the resolutions East Timorese people. It’s just (that) some recently adopted by the Council on restruc- From CNRM/NT, Nov. 13, 1993 of the European countries and others just turing and other matters last August in Que- Darwin East Timorese nationalists and keep on trying an issue of this in a way that luz, Lisbon-Portugal, was also distributed in their supporters celebrated the second anni- is simple not going to be productive. the seminar. A translation of the letter and versary of the November 12 Santa Cruz “In fact, I suspect it’s being quite seri- other documents are currently undertaken massacre with a mass at St Mary’s Cathe- ously counterproductive in terms of getting by the Committee. dral and a protest rally. a willingness for this on the part of the In- The well attended mass included Tetum donesian Government to be more sensitive.” RALLY IN SYDNEY ON 12 hymns and East Timorese dancing as part of In his speech he said that contrary to NOVEMBER the beautiful liturgy. Participants then pro- claims that Australia was no longer as active THE BRUTAL MASSACRE OF A ceeded to the Indonesian Consulate where in making behind-the-scenes bilateral repre- PEACEFUL PEOPLE they lit candles and observed 2 minutes of sentations on human rights concerns, 502 silence for the victims of the massacre. had been made so far this year. On 12 November 1991, a Catholic mass The November 12 protest rally began on “This is a record even for us when com- was held at 6.00 am at Motael Church to the steps of the Northern Territory Legisla- pared to the 382 representations we made in mourn the death of Sebastiao Gomes Rangel, tive Assembly. Heavy Police and plain- a pro-independence supporter killed by clothes Australian Secret Service personnel Page 48 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. were deployed aground the Assembly and illustrating the shame increasingly being FORWARD LOOKING BISHOP other key spots in the centre of the city. brought to the nation by its discredited and Once again, official concern with just and brutal military leadership. PREACHES democratic protests against the repressive RECONCILIATION IN EAST excesses of the Suharto dictatorship was DARWIN PROTESTS ON TIMOR evident. Local Police did, however, signal its ANNIVERSARY understanding of the just motives of the The Age 13 November 1993 The Australian, Monday Nov. 15, 1993. protesters. Yet, both, Australian Federal and interviewer James Murray, religious affairs About 100 supporters of independence State and Territory Governments, so keen writer for East Timor rallied outside the Northern to nurture close relationships with Jakarta, Territory Parliament in Darwin yesterday to Comment: Bishop Belo’s visit includes Mel- try their utmost to discourage their freedom mark the season anniversary of the Dili bourne, Sydney, Perth & Darwin and fin- and justice supporting citizens from massacre. ishes on Nov. 29. In a radio interview of ‘offending’ the murderous Indonesian rulers. While in Sydney, about 200 East Saturday he said that he 3 aims - to visit Conspicuous among the crowd, despite Timorese expatriates gathered at Sydney Timorese people in Australia, to meet Catho- his effort to dress down in casual clothes, Town Hall to mourn an estimated 180 com- lic church leaders and to raise funds to ex- was the Darwin-based Representative of the patriots who were dead or unaccounted for pand his seminary in Dili, which he de- Australian Department of Foreign Affairs since Indonesian soldiers fired on 4000 fu- scribed as being not just for the training of and Trade. His main concern was the pro- neral marchers in the Santa Cruz cemetery in East Timorese priests but also for other tection of Indonesian property from possi- the East Timor capital. young East Timorese, especially those who ble damage, after Garuda Airlines’ office had In Darwin, a Resistance spokesman, Mr. might reach positions of leadership. been painted red the previous day. José Gusmão, told the placard-waving Sadly, the East Timor issue, despite fes- Reconciliation, not confrontation, is the crowd that although Australia did not sup- tering for 18 years, has still not prompted message the Catholic Bishop of East Timor, port their fight it had the backing of the Australian diplomacy to seek contributing Monsignor Belo, has bought to Australia United Nations. to the search of a truly just and internation- only 2 years after the Dili massacre. Bishop Mr. Gusmão said the fight was against ally acceptable solution. Belo, who arrived on Friday to lead a com- the attempted genocide of the East Timorese Much to their shame, Australian foreign memoration of the massacre, told a packed people by the Indonesian military. policy makers seem unable to realise that St Patrick’s Cathedral in Melbourne it was “This fight is recognised by the United unless a democratic government respectful important to turn to the future. Nations and the international community. of human rights is in place in Jakarta, and ‘I do not want to celebrate the dead,’ he It’s a fight to live with dignity in a free East Timorese rights are observed, regional said, ‘or to remember the past.’ country, East Timor,” he said. relations will continue to suffer. Shallow, ‘We try to live the Catholic faith in a Another speaker, Mr. Goncalo Pinto of hypocritical and opportunistic rhetoric good spirit,’ he told The Australian. the Timor Democratic Union, told the emanating from Canberra or Darwin will not Reluctant to make statements that might crowd Australia’s support for the integra- create the good neighbourly relations the be misconstrued, he nonetheless said: ‘If it tion of East Timor into Indonesia was people of Australia, Indonesia and East is necessary to speak out, I speak.’ driven by greed for oil spoils. Timor aspire to see in this region. In 1989, Bishop Belo called on the UN to The rally moved from Parliament House In front of the Legislative Assembly, the grant self-determination to East Timor but to the Indonesian consulate, where a dra- crowd heard speeches by CNRM South was deeply disappointed by the lack of matic reenactment of the massacre was East Asia Representative, José Gusmão; support from the Catholic Bishops. Last staged. Rob Wesley-Smith and Dr. Andrew year Indonesian Foreign Minister Ali Alatas In Sydney a contingent of East Timorese McNaughton of Australians for a Free East called East Timor ‘a pebble in one’s shoe.’ marched on a makeshift model cemetery Timor, Goncalo Pinto of UDT, and It seems likely to continue as a cause of outside the town hall, and were subjected to LAFAEK members Dulce and Alice irritation but Bishop Belo, a bishop in a a mock attack by men dressed in Indonesian Casimiro. bind, is unlikely to be the cause. army fatigues. A street theatre re-enactment of the Dili He denies reports of army intimidation of The crowd was then addressed by speak- massacre was also staged. Timorese wishing to attend to Mass but ers, including ALP backbencher and con- The protesters then marched to the Indo- there has been what he calls ‘discourage- vener of the Parliamentarians for East Timor nesian Consulate, to call for freedom for ment’ at times. group Laurie Ferguson. East Timor. Underlining the shameful sig- His concern for the young people of East There were no incidents at the rally, nificance of November 12 for Indonesia, and Timor is patent. which was preceded by a mass at St Mary’s its tarnished international image, the Consu- ‘I’m anxious not to underline the past but Cathedral. late was closed. As a Consular spokesper- our young people need to be educated in son had previously stated, “these protests questions of social justice.,’ he said. are too stressful for the staff.” His greatest fear is that they might take No members of the grossly overstaffed the law into their own hands. The young, in and predominantly secret service Consular spite of a systematic Indonesian education, employees were visible. The only exception are restive. They face widespread unem- was someone, who feeling safe well behind ployment and a lack of any say in the coun- the building’s massive iron fence, busily try’s future. took photographs and video recordings of Business is dominated by Indonesians the protesters. Australian media were able from other islands. The policy of integration to record the ignoble scene on this day of is being pursued forcefully and has the sup- shame for the Indonesian dictatorship. Even port of the Apodeti party which the Gover- the ‘merah putih’ flag went up in flames - nor, Mr. Abilio Soares, helped to found. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 49

Dislocation is also caused by new hous- I asked the Bishop, why he decided to come ing eve more important in the people’s ing projects. Many East Timorese have no to Australia. lives? option, but to move from their communities Belo: Well, I received many times invitation Belo: We try to be - to read the situation at and are often forced off their traditional from the Bishops, from Monsignor Deakin, times if it is necessary to speak about the lands. Monsignor Brennan of Wagga Wagga and human rights, disasters and peace. We speak Observers report that the army’s pres- then from Bishop of Darwin, so, I re- and, maybe, because of this they admire the ence is very visible and although much- sponded and I came mainly to establish church. needed schools and clinics, roads and bridges relationship between our local church and have been built by the Indonesian authori- Q: Bishop Belo two years since the killings Australian dioceses. And secondly to visit in East Timor two years ago. Are you sat- ties, most East Timorese still resent the East Timor community here in Australia. Indonesian takeover. isfied with the action that was taken fol- Q: Bishop Belo, what are the most urgent The bishop’s diplomacy is sometimes lowing those killings in Santa Cruz in needs of the people in East Timor today? misunderstood but it is well known that he East Timor. Are you satisfied with the is not afraid to protest when he thinks that Belo: First place, we need peace, peace to disciplinary of the armed forces that took it is necessary. live and to work and our young people to place? But his message is now reconciliation and study and to get jobs. And then develop- Belo: Not totally, because you know the not confrontation. To his people he remains ment - cultural, spiritual development of the bodies we don’t know where they are. a hero but he is probably too young to be a people. Many families still waiting for the return of martyr yet. In any case the East Timorese Q: In 1989 you wrote to the United Nations their boys. So this is one aspect. Another still need his voice. suggesting that the UN should hold a ref- aspect is the justice is not really (how do ‘We have about 600,000 Catholics in erendum in East Timor and self- you say) managed well. Because the boys East Timor. They add up to 80% of the determination. Is that a view you still hold that were shot down, the military only get population and with 29 parishes and 72 that there should be a referendum on East one or 18 or 12 months of prison, only that. priests we can make our own way,’ he said. Timor’s future? It should be a concrete step in how to man- age with justice in East Timor. His own hopes are that the Australian Belo: The problem is that, I speak alone. church will help him build the institutions Only one voice, like one voice in the desert. Q: Bishop Belo do you see any positive signs necessary to maintain a Catholic majority in So now the problem is the international in East Timor at the moment. Do you see the country. forum. We know also that there are conver- a trend for the better or is it just uncer- Of the expansion of Islam, he reports sation between Ministers Alatas and Bar- tainty in the future? that ‘there are now about 50,000 Muslims roso, so yes, we wait for the result of these Belo: I think that it is a good thing that Por- and one or two large new mosques are being conversations. tugal and Indonesia they could have these built with many small mosques spread Q: And in the meantime how does the conversation to reach a peaceful and hon- throughout the country.’ ourable solution for East Timor. So, it is There are Buddhists and Hindus as well. church, how do you Bishop attempt to meet the needs of the people of East necessary that the two Ministers of the two But inter-faith relations hardly exist. Governments speak about that. ‘We observe Idul Fitri, the end of the Timor? Muslim fast of Ramadan, and Christmas,’ Belo: First of all, we try to be with the peo- Q: So that’s the positive sign at the moment he said. ‘Otherwise there are no relations ple and to the voice of voiceless people. that Indonesia and Portugal are talking, between us.’ And how to help them in the field of justice, at least, about the status and future of East Timor. Bishop Belo is unique in the world – he is the of peace, reconciliation; and according to our only person who is freer to speak his mind possibilities, to make schools, agriculture, Belo: Yes, yes, yes. A good thing, yes! technical schools, preparing the new genera- inside East Timor than outside. In his inter- A FIGURE OF COURAGE IN THE view with the Swedish Parliamentary Dele- tion. And in this field we also are intending MIDST OF EAST TIMOR’S AGONY gation in Dili in September 1993, he had to build a new seminary for the new genera- very different things to say. It is hard to tion, not only for the priesthood, but also The Age (Melbourne), 17 November 1993. imagine that the situation inside East Timor, for the lay people - politicians, speakers, By Mark Baker or the Bishop’s views, have changed that chief of districts. We like to prepare the people in our new minor seminary. Bishop Carlos Felipe Ximens Belo was much in such a short time. Publico’s article sitting on the veranda of his whitewashed on the Bishop’s comments is reprinted in Q: And I think you hope to raise funds for villa beside Dili harbour in a flowing white East Timor Documents #24. that seminary while you are here in Aus- cassock. It was a balmy afternoon in Febru- - Charlie Scheiner, ETAN/US tralia. ary 1990, but there was a chilling prescience Belo: Yes, also one objective of my trip to in his words: “The young people are becom- ABC RADIO INTERVIEWS BISHOP Australia is this. ing much more militant that politically ac- BELO Q: Is the role of the church changing in East tive. There will be a big confrontation soon Australian Radio National, PROGRAM: Timor? and people will be killed.” It was to be another 20 months before Indian Pacific. 15 November 1993. The Belo: I don’t think that it changed. Its pas- following is a transcript of a radio interview. the big confrontation came but when it did toral, its ecclesiastical point of view is the the brutality of the Dili massacre, in which Introduction: November 12 marks the same: to serve the people and to be close to at least 100 and perhaps 200 mostly young 2nd anniversary of the Dili massacre in East the people. Timorese were shot, stabbed or stoned to Timor. To mark the occasion Bishop Carlos Q: I guess what I mean is - are the East death by Indonesian troops, was to shock Belo of Dili came to Australia to celebrate a Timorese people becoming closer and even the stoical leader of the Roman Catho- mass at St Patrick’s Cathedral in Mel- closer to the church. Is the church becom- lic Church in East Timor. bourne. I manage to speak to Bishop Belo on Friday just before he celebrated the mass. Page 50 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Last Friday, on the second anniversary of Last week, as Indonesian authorities to accommodate the increasing numbers of the massacre, Bishop Belo took part in a tightened security in Dili before the anniver- young Timorese seeking to enter the church. special Mass at Melbourne’s ST Patrick’s sary of the massacre, the Governor of East He will not be meeting with any govern- Cathedral. In a brief, careful homily to the Timor, Mr. Abilio Soares, claimed that the ment officials. It’s a pity - they might learn large, mostly Timorese congregation, he Timorese had accepted the territory’s in- a lot. urged reconciliation: “Think of the future corporation into Indonesia and no longer and how to build a new generation - a future wanted a referendum on self-determination. REPORT ON AUSTRALIA’S based on peace and justice and reconcilia- “Those who took part in the 1991 demon- RELATIONS WITH INDONESIA tion.” stration have realised they were wrong,” His remarks disappointed many in the said Mr. Soares. Press Release from the Australian Coalition congregation who came expecting fighting Bishop Belo paints a quite different pic- for a Free East Timor. Darwin, Nov. 16. words from a man who has been a figure of ture. He says the young Timorese remain strength and comfort for many Timorese, militantly opposed to the status quo in the This release commented on the recently both inside and outside the Territory, since territory and continue to demand “immedi- published report by the ‘Joint Standing his appointment as apostolic administrator ate, concrete and political solutions to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence and of Dili a decade ago. problems.” Trade’ of the Australian Parliament, on “The Timorese, they tell me, ‘Bishop, it “In Timor, every time I go to the par- relations between Australia and Indonesia. is very difficult to forgive those who killed ishes, the young people present a number of “Joint Parliamentary Enquiry and Re- my father, my son, my husband,’ but above declamations, poetry and songs and in their sponse Tinkering at the Edges.” all we are Christians,” he says. “I respect songs they underline that we are suffering, No frank and honest enquiry into rela- the dead and I pray for them and we pray we are dying,” he says. “It seems to me that tions between Australia and Indonesia can for this event will not happen again. But for there is no hope in the young people.” possibly avoid the issue that Indonesia bru- me it is more important to put in the hearts He says the young are pessimistic about tally invaded East Timor in 1975 to only of the young people that we must live in the past and future and are frustrated by the muted protests from Australia, and that it hope to become a new society.” lack of jobs and what he refers to as “the continues a brutal occupation and genocide To interpret such words as a sign of political dimension of our daily life,” to no protests by Australia, only some weakness or compliance is to make a dan- Timorese murmurings about the need to “normal- gerous presumptions. Culture, he says, is being stifled: the ise..”..... Over the years, Bishop Belo has put his Timorese language is not taught in schools, ....Since the start of the Enquiry there has job, and perhaps his life on the line in taking Islam is being actively promoted and there is been a federal election in Australia, enabling a stand against the killing and systematic a growing influx of Indonesian settlers under a degree of hijacking of the Committee. repression that has continued since Indone- the policies of “Indonesiation.” Nothing can be allowed to damped Prime sia invaded East Timor in 1975. He has Bishop Belo says the problems are com- Minister Keating’s ambitions with Suharto. spoken out repeatedly to expose torture and pounded by continuing conflict between He should take more notice of Nude Sui- other abuses by Indonesian military, he has rival Timorese political factions. But his karno’s statement: “There are certain people opened his house as a sanctuary for fearful efforts to promote unity seem not necessary in this country [Indonesia] who are privatis- young Timorese and he has campaigned to be a call for acceptance of East Timor’s ing this country. There is nothing they don’t tirelessly for an end to the violence. incorporation. “For me, this is important own.” (15 Nov.) In June 1989, shortly before the Pope’s because we are already divided from the In case anyone is unsure what this visit to Dili, Bishop Belo wrote to a brother past and at the present and then there are means, it is that Suharto and family and a Bishop in Portugal describing as “absolutely external elements who seek to divide us, so close circle of Generals are hijacking the unthinkable” the level of persecution and let’s be united, at least as a people. We are wealth of Indonesia. Why do we Australians torture in the territory. He said the already a small people, why do we live in try to enhance every aspect of this murder- Timorese people and their Bishop were division?” ous man? (answer: honesty is too hard!)...... profoundly isolated and confided a fear that His attempts to promote negotiation When the Enquiry came to Darwin in he would suffer the same fate as El Salva- with the local authorities have been a dismal June 1992, its presence was almost entirely dor’s Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero, failure. “I told the governor, I told the com- ignored by the media, and the NT Govern- who was assassinated in 1980. mander, please give the opportunity to have ment gave a lot of its submission IN Bishop Belo’s courage has earned the a dialogue. But we know already that when SECRET. I was the only one who protested wrath not only of the Indonesian authori- they have a dialogue is conducted in another at this. Given the alleged interests of Indo- ties, but also, at times, of the Indonesian perspective. Many times it is not a dialogue nesia here and its role in our future, the gen- Bishops and the Vatican. More than once but only a monologue: they invite the young eral response to the inquiry’s presence was there have been concerted efforts to silence generation to accept the status quo.” pathetic. or remove him. As we are leaving, I ask Bishop Belo We can already see the same sort of re- It is clear that on this, one of his few visit about the repeated claims by Jakarta that its sponse to the report, where some small abroad, Bishop Belo does not feel free to military presence in East Timor is being cover of peripheral issues is given by news services, but current affairs programs will speak his mind. The Timorese-born bishop scaled back and that tensions are easing in travels on an Indonesian passport and he is the territory. He smiles broadly. “You be- give it a big miss. believed to have been threatened with expul- lieve that?” he asks. “Myself, I like to see The Enquiry’s statements that there are sion from Dili after speaking out during an first, to check.” improvements in human rights in East earlier visit to Canada. But while choosing During this supposedly private visit to Timor, and that the violations are individual his words with great care, he speaks none Australia, Bishop Belo will also travel to acts not structural or policy based, are an the less. And what he says leaves no doubt Sydney, Perth and Darwin, preaching and outrageous abrogation of truth. that the situation in East Timor remains seeking donations for a new seminary in Dili The East Timorese since the Dili Massa- grim and volatile. cre have been screwed into the ground as an East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 51 act of policy, never with less rights. Just Senator Vicky Bourne of the Democratic 5. Allow access to East Timor by inde- because massacres have not been seen on Party. Senator Margaret Reynolds of the pendent observers, Human Rights organiza- TV lately does not mean that things have Labor Party was unable to attend the rally tions, Church groups and NGOs. improved. because she was stranded at Sydney Air- We also like to request your Excellency There is no public investigative reporting port. However, she sent a message of sup- attention to the fact that East Timor is clas- by the media on this. I challenge the media, port which was read to the crowd. Kevin sified by the UN as non-self government or the Enquiry people or Keating/Evans to Andrews, MP of the Liberal Party and territory and therefore, we demand the Aus- prove that things have improved in the last Shadow Minister for Schools, Vocational tralian Government to : 2 years. I doubt they will even try. Education and Training also sent a message 1. Comply with UN resolution on East Even the response by most media to the of support. Timor by supporting the UN General Secre- second anniversary of the Dili Massacre has A message from FRETILIN and UDT tary to mediate the conflict between Portu- been so very poor. Another test will be was also read at the beginning of the rally. gal, Indonesia and the East Timorese Resis- tomorrow’s first anniversary of the capture The East Timorese has written a letter tance. of East Timor’s revered Leader Xanana the Prime Minister of Australia Mr. Paul 2. Comply with International Conven- Gusmão. After torture and a farcical trial, he Keating. The letter will be delivered to tions, which were ratified by Australian languishes isolated in gaol. Prime Minister by Senator Margaret Rey- Governments, by suspending the Timor Rob Wesley-Smith. NT Rep of nolds’ Office in the Parliament House. A Gap Treaty with Indonesia. A.C.F.E.T. Ph/fx +61 89 832 113 Copy of the letter was also circulated to the Deepest respect for your Excellency Senate by Democratic Party. Yours sincerely, DECEMBER 7 The rally was covered by SBS TV, Por- Estanislau da Silva DEMONSTRATION IN tuguese TV, Portuguese Radio, Canberra’s On behalf of East Timorese in Sydney TV, Radio 2UE, 2GB and local Newspa- and Melbourne CANBERRA pers. DARWIN PROTESTERS A protest to mark the 18th anniversary of TIMORESE WRITE TO the invasion of East Timor by Indonesian AUSTRALIAN PRIME MINISTER BURN INDONESIAN FLAG troops, on 7 December 1975 Canberra Northern Territory News, 8 Dec. 1993. By We need your support: join us to mourn 6 December 1993 Gordon Feeney of AAP. unabridged. those who died for the liberation of our The Excellency Hon. Paul Keating Angry supporters of East Timorese in- country Prime Minister of Australia dependence burnt an Indonesian flag outside Join us to protest against the invasion and Excellency, the Darwin Indonesian consulate yesterday occupation of East Timor by Indonesian The East Timorese Community in Aus- after consular staff refused to allow an East troops. tralia has in many occasions acknowledged Timorese into the consulate. Venue: Parliament House - Canberra the Federal Government of Australia ‘s About 30 protesters, chanting anti- Time: 11.00 am, 6 December 1993 stance on human rights issues. Indonesian slogans, rallied outside the con- (Monday) We admire the commitment of Australian sulate’s iron fence to mark the 18th anniver- 1.30 pm march to Indonesian embassy Government in imposing sanctions against sary of Indonesia’s invasion of the former Organised by Fretilin and UDT, and apartheid in South Africa and recent Golf Portuguese colony. supported by East Timor Cultural Centre Conflict. Activist Robert Wesley-Smith said con- inc. We also highly appreciate the efforts and sular staff had offered -through a police For more information contact Filomena commitments your Government have made intermediary- to receive a letter, addressed De Almeida on (02) 609 1269, Brian Da Luz in mediating and settling the issue in Cam- to Indonesian President Suharto, from a on 601 7696 or 015 204 557, Carlos Costa bodia. non-Timorese person. But the protesters on 601 1347 and Meno Sarmento on 688 38 In regard to East Timor we also like to refuse the offer, insisting that an East 43 acknowledge the Government of Australia’s Timorese person must be allowed to deliver From: Fretilin Committee Of NSW, p.o. condemnation of human rights violations in the letter. Box 74, Bonnyrigg, NSW 2177. Ph/fax (02) the territory by Indonesian troops. WITHDRAW 823 2769 However, we are of the opinion that hu- After about an hour, the protesters ex- man rights violations in East Timor are due pressed their anger at the refusal by burning REPORT FROM FRETILIN to the result of Indonesia’s continual mili- the Indonesian flag, then trampling on the COMMITTEE OF NSW, DEC. 8 tary occupation. Therefore, we would like ashes. The protesters eventually put the to request your Excellency, by using your About 150 East Timorese, mainly young letter through the iron fence. The letter said good relations with Indonesia, to influence people, and Australians have attended a the invasion and occupation of East Timor Jakarta to: demonstration in Canberra yesterday, 6 by Indonesian forces was “illegal and im- 1. Release Xanana Gusmão and December 1993 to mark the 18th Anniver- moral” and called on President Suharto to Ma’Huno and all political prisoners; sary of the invasion and occupation of East withdraw his forces. 2. Negotiate with East Timorese repre- Timor by Indonesia. The East Timorese Indonesia’s invasion and subsequent an- sentatives, namely FRETILIN and UDT; from Melbourne and Sydney gathered in nexation of East Timor has not been recog- 3. Comply with the United Nations reso- front of the Australian Federal Parliament nised by the United Nations, but has been lutions on East Timor by withdrawing all its and then marched to the Indonesian Em- recognised by the Australian Government. troops from the territory; bassy. The rally was organized by One independence supporter, Dr. Andrew 4. Implement UN human rights resolu- FRETILIN and UDT Committees of NSW. McNaughton, who visited East Timor ear- tions in East Timor; The rally was addressed by Senator Jul- lier this year, told the protesters the terri- ian McGauran of the National Party and tory was “just like a prison camp.” Page 52 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

REPRESSION with it. Sometimes I still wake up at night to the assault by nationalist freedom fighters “After 18 years, the population is still numb with horror thinking of the fear Greg in Baucau on October 4, 1993. After being subject to constant fear and repression,” he must have gone through.” wounded, he was heavily interrogated...As said. “The (1991) Dili massacre was cap- She says her son Evan, who was eight he remained silent...he was cruelly tortured tured on film, so it attracted international when his father died, has also found her and then crucified on a cross in imitation of condemnation. There has been film like that involvement with the Timorese cause “a bit the Christ at Calvary.” He died on the night for a couple of years, but abuses are con- confronting.” He is now 26 and has a son of of 6 October. tinuing. his own; he lives in Perth where is studying Another document, written by an Indo- “It’s being done in a more hidden way.” law. nesian academic, gives an overview of the Another speaker, José Gusmão, said In- Before Greg Shackleton went to Timor, impact of Indonesian academic, gives an donesia was attempting to carry out the his wife was a weaver who lectured at Prah- overview of the impact of Indonesia’s occu- genocide of the East Timorese people.” ran college. She had worked in PR, and a pation. It says estimates that 200,000 peo- “President Suharto must withdraw the craft segment on TV and had indulged her ple have died in East Timor since 1975 are troops from East Timor. We want a peace- taste for adventure by travelling with the too low. “During the first three years of the ful and just solution for East Timor,” he nomadic people in Iran, collecting their work war, the population in the territory fell from said. and learning how they weave. The walls and 688,771 in 1974 to 329,271 in October floors of her ramshackle house are filled 1978. What happen to the 359,500 people? THE LONG, HARD with the glowing colors of her beautiful Some went into exile, and many fled to weavings. the forests and joined Fretilin, anecdotal ROAD TO HOPE “From the day Greg died I have not accounts point to a high death toll. Accord- The Age (Melbourne)- The Accent section, 8 woven anything,” she says. “It’s not a psy- ing to an Indonesian Jesuits priest who was December 1993 chological thing in any way. Weaving is so in East Timor in March 1979, the Maubisse labor intensive...And I had to make a living.” village in the district of Ainaro had lost 5021 Shirley Shackleton talks to Katherine For 18 years she has used her PR skills inhabitants - more than half the village. “The Kizilos about her 18-year struggle for to write articles and letters to newspapers priest sometimes had to bury four people in justice in East Timor and bureaucrats to keep us remembering the a single day,” the academic paper said. By Katherine Kizilos, Unabridged Indonesian invasion. In 1989 she visited This paper also document the fall in the East Timor during the Pope’s visit and she food production since the invasion; the cul- NB: The story comes with a close-up picture also confronted the Indonesian General ture of violence in which the Timorese in- of Shirley Shackleton with caption - Shirley Benny Murdani, the man who commanded form on their compatriots; the rape of local Shackleton: working on an novel based on Indonesia’s invasion and whom she believes women; and the lack of education among the the recent history of East Timor. gave the orders that led to her husband’s young. Yesterday was the 18th anniversary of death. Finally, the paper notes the monopolisa- Indonesia’s invasion of East Timor. Over “When I spokes to Murdani I saw he tion of East Timor’s main industries: coffee, almost two decades, while Australia has was a human being. I saw what our ambas- sandalwood-oil and marble quarrying. It minded its own business, up to one in three sadors see - a man who is strong, charming, says each industries is run by a single com- East Timorese have died resisting the occu- good mannered.” He smilingly told her that pany. And each company is a subsidiary of pation of their homeland. And all the while a he did not know how Greg Shackleton had the PT Batara Indra Group, which was set Melbourne woman has been shouting on the died because he claimed the Indonesians had up by three military officials, one of them sidelines that we are not doing enough to not been in Timor at the time of his death. General Murdani, who commanded the in- help the beleaguered Timorese. Uncovering what has really gone on in vasion of East Timor. Shirley Shackleton’s husband Greg was Timor has been a long, hard job for Shirley Shirley Shackleton, says the Timorese are one of five Australian newsmen to die in Shackleton. Two weeks after her husband victims of cultural and economic genocide, East Timor in the weeks before the invasion. died, she told a reporter that what was hard- similar to that facing the people of Tibet,” He had been reporting for Channel 7 news. est to bear was “the unreality of everything. except the Timorese don’t have the Dalai The Australian Government held no inquiry I feel as though I am in a terrible play and Lama.” into his death, or the deaths of his col- playing my part equally badly.” Yet their struggle for international recog- leagues. Shirley Shackleton has never re- That sense of unreality continues. For 18 nition has had some success. A Turning ceived an official explanation of how her years Shirley Shackleton has received infor- point was the Santa Cruz massacre in 1991, husband came to die. mation over the telephone, from Timorese witnessed by western journalists, in which Confronted with a great loss she became who had fled to Bali, about executions, between 100 to 200 Timorese were shot. an advocate for the East Timorese and a atrocities and massacres. But Australian The present of one journalist, the pho- critic of Australia’s foreign policy. She is a journalists sometimes remained uncon- tographer Max Stahl from Yorkshire Televi- merry, talkative woman but an insistent one; vinced. How do you know this is really sion’s documentary unit, was due in part to her outraged sense of justice keeps her going true, they asked. Give us proof. Shirley Shackleton. On a trip to England she and going. She just won’t avert her eyes. Now the Timorese send her written evi- talked about East Timor on BBC radio, and Since 1975 Shirley Shackleton has de- dence. One recent report, signed by six East was approached by a journalist from York- voted herself to saying uncomfortable things Timorese prisoners (who, she says, have shire Television who had never heard of about Timor. She says her involvement in endangered their lives by putting their Timor, but smelled a good story. the issue has been “a mentally healing thing” names on the document) tells of a man’s “I cancelled my trip back to Australia but she has paid a high price for it. The crucifixion by Indonesian police. just to stop and talk with him. I though the more she has learned about Timor, the less Their six-page account, which has been likelihood of Yorkshire TV sending someone able she has become to let the issue go. “I translated from Portuguese, says in part: to Timor was remote. I told myself they have never really come to terms with “Alcino Belo, 25 years old, was barbarously probably won’t interested, but if they are (Greg’s) death.” “I have never really dealt assassinated by security forces in response not , it won’t be because of me...” East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 53

Coverage of the massacre has “made a Besides calling for the “diplomatic isola- ACP-eec council of ministers, the European decisive difference” she says, although the tion of Indonesia,” the resolution seeks “a commission, the Indonesian government and Australian Government continues to be total” arms embargo on Jakarta “until clear the U.N. security council. silent. She went to Ireland recently at the signals are given that the Indonesian gov- But earlier, EC commissioner Manuel invitation of Tom Hyland, a former bus ernment is prepared to create conditions Marin, in charge of development aid, had driver who become a passionate campaigner allowing the people of East Timor to exer- said the commission had no plans to present for the East Timorese after seeing the docu- cise their right to self-determination and a proposal to EC countries as far as an arms mentary made by the Yorkshire television independence.” embargo is concerned. crew. Hyland, on behalf of Ireland Solidarity A former Portuguese colony, East Timor According to Miranda, at least one EC for East Timor, invited her to help drum up claimed independence in December, 1975 member state has sold arms to Indonesia in media interest in the issue during Prime when Lisbon – under pressure from inde- recent times and although he did not call any Minister Paul Keating’s Irish visit. “ When pendent movements within the country – names, it is known that last year Germany he asked me I though ,” yes, Ireland’s the withdrew, although without giving official delivered 16 warships from the former east perfect metaphor.’” recognition. the following week Indonesia German navy, to Indonesia. Being with the Irish confirmed for her the invaded East Timor and officially annexed it choices she has made in battling for the East as its 27th province one year later. INTERNATIONAL PEACE Timorese. “ I never feel like I am wasting Ever since then, resistance movements BUREAU RESOLUTION ON my time and I never feel like we are not operating in and outside East Timor have going to win,” she says. been calling on the international community EAST TIMOR She is know working on a novel based on to put pressure on the Indonesian govern- Nov. 1, 1993 the recent history of East Timor. It is a ment to withdraw from East Timor. creative outlet a also a way of synthesising This pressure grew in November 1991 af- The I.P.B. passed the following resolution at the masses of material she accumulated; of ter the Indonesian army opened fire on its 101st annual assembly in October in writing the stories journalists have not. peaceful demonstrators during the funeral London. The resolution was moved by Ma- On the front door of her house is a Fre- ceremony in the East Timor capital of Dili. vis Robertson of the Australian Coalition for tilin Free Timor sticker. It was put there by more than 150 East Timorese are reportedly Disarmament and Peace and Katie Boanas- her son when he was 16; she had asked him to have been killed at the ceremony which Dewes of Peace Movement Aotearoa (New to attend a church service to mark the anni- had been held for a young East Timor man Zealand). versary of Indonesian’s invasion. She was in who had also been gunned down by Indone- “This 1993 conference of the Interna- Sydney and could not attend When she sian government forces. tional Peace Bureau reaffirms its support for returned, the house was festooned by Immediately after this incident, Portugal the right of all nations to self-determination. Timorese posters and stickers. It was his urged the EC to break trading relations with In this context it way of telling his mother that yes, she was Jakarta. and again this week, it was Portugal, Reaffirms its support for the independ- right to keep fighting. along with Spain and France, that brought ence movement of East Timor, calls for the the issue to the floor of the joint assembly – withdrawal of Indonesian occupying forces the resolution having been put forward by and the immediate release of the leaders and EVENTS IN EUROPE Euro-parliamentarians José Mendes Bota of members of FRETILIN now serving sen- Spain, louse Cayet of France, and Portu- tences in Indonesian prisons. guese Joaquim Miranda. Support for East Timor can also be built EURO MPS AND ACP SEEK In the resolution the ACP and Euro- by demanding that our national governments TO PUT PRESSURE ON parliamentarians said they regretted “that do not trade in arms with Indonesia and do INDONESIA Indonesia continues to violate the human not assist its army in any way while the rights of the east-Timorese people.” occupation of East Timor continues.” According to reports by amnesty interna- Brussels, Oct. 8 (ips) - European parlia- The Geneva-based I.P.B. is the world’s tional and other independent humanitarian mentarians and delegates from the African, major umbrella for peace and disarmament groups, the invasion and annexation of the Caribbean and pacific (ACP) grouping Fri- organizations. For more information, see former Portuguese colony in the archipelago day urged the international community to the conference ipb.news. use diplomatic pressure to force Indonesia of Java has resulted in the genocide of 210,000 East Timorese out of a population to allow the East Timorese to go their own SWEDEN TO END ARMS way. estimated at 600,000 in 1975. The call came in the form of a resolution The resolution also calls for “the immedi- EXPORTS TO INDONESIA adopted on the final day of the biannual ate release of the east- Timorese resistance Jakarta Post, 16 November 1993. Slightly ACP-eec joint assembly held this week in leader Xanana Gusmão and the other repre- abridged Brussels, the headquarters of the European sentatives of the East Timorese opposition community (EC). in detention.” The Swedish government will stop arms But while the wording of the resolution is Gusmão, 45, was captured last Novem- sales to Indonesia in protest against alleged quite strong, it is EC council of ministers ber and condemned to a life- long prison human rights violations in East Timor, ac- who would have to okay such measures, and sentence because of what Jakarta termed cording to human rights campaigner, H.A.J at the moment this seems unlikely since “subversive activities.” a poet and journal- Princen. earlier this week one senior EC official ist, Gusmão also heads East Timor’s na- The Swedish government’s plan was threw cold water on a suggestion concerning tional resistance council and has been spear- leaked by the Indonesian Front for the De- the implementation of an arms embargo on heading the anti-Jakarta guerrilla movement. fence of Human Rights (INFIGHT), an Indonesia. It is against this background that the joint organisation chaired by Princen who is visit- assembly Friday “instructed” its co- ing Stockholm. presidents to put the resolution before the Page 54 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

The statement, signed by Sale Abdullah, Munandar, an Indonesian exile and former tion of its people and democratization of its said Princen was informed of the plan by lecturer on social sciences in Jakarta and Dr. society. Pierre Store, deputy chairman of the Foreign George Junus Aditjondro, a scholar at Satya As to the recent development in East Relations Committee of the Swedish Parlia- Wacana Christian University, Salatiga. Timor. Dr. Aditjondro reported a significant ment and member of the opposition party, The seminar was organized by the Am- shift in the attempts of the authorities in the Social Democrats, in a meeting with sterdam based Indonesian journal Tanah Air Dili to tighten control of East Timorese Princen last Thursday. and intended for a special issue on the prob- students studying in Java and Bali. As many Armed Forces spokesman Brig.Gen lems of the Indonesian nation-state to be as 123 Timorese students in Java have re- Syarwan Hamid was not available for com- published next year. The journal has been cently lost their scholarships and at the ment yesterday. An officer on duty told published since 1986 in Holland and widely same time many of them were -mistakenly- Jakarta Post he was not aware of the Stock- distributed in Indonesia. accused of planning to return to East Timor holm plan. A staff member of the Swedish The first speaker Munandar pointed out to incite a demonstration to commemorate embassy in Jakarta also refused to given any that the Indonesian state was born out of the Santa Cruz massacre of November 12 comment, saying that “the person in charge the Dutch East Indies and, under the New 1991. A new regulation has been issued is away from the office.” Order, used its physical strength to maintain instructing that the leadership of all Store said the decision was reached after the unitary state. Only a state founded on Timorese student associations in Java and the Social Democratic Party and the Centre voluntary bases, not on weapons, could Bali should be approved by the authorities Party pressured the Swedish government to maintain its integrity. The freedom to in Dili. Asked about the resistance in East stop further arms sales to Indonesia, accord- choose its own future, he concludes, should Timor, Aditjondro said in an earlier inter- ing to Sale. therefore be given to ethnic groups should view he had the impression that the clandes- There is no possibility of any new deal, they wish to do so. According to Victor tine resistance networks are stable if not said Store, who is also the foreign affairs Kaisiepo, Indonesia has taken over a growing. He agreed with Dr. P. Carey who, spokesperson of the Social Democratic (Dutch) colonial heritage without fundamen- quoting the imprisoned East Timorese resis- Party, as quoted in the press release. tal corrections and at the expense of the tance leader Xanana Gusmão, argued that S. Indro Tjahyono also of INFIGHT told West Papuans and other ethnic groups and the future of East Timor lies principally in the Post that the embargo would not affect their rich natural resources. The oppression the young generation who should fight their contracts already signed between Indonesia in East Timor, meanwhile, went far beyond cause in the political arena. However Adit- and Sweden. that, especially in terms of human lives. The jondro warned that the prominent role of the Last September, a Swedish parliamentary brutal invasion, the secret war and the mili- Fretilin/Falintil army and the Catholic delegation threatened to campaign for an tary occupation, now almost two decades, church of East Timor in the independence arms embargo after visiting East Timor. The have resulted in a process of genocide. Ac- struggle should not lead one to glorify them parliamentarians, to the displeasure of Indo- cording to Dr. Peter Carey, who also led the unproportionately. An independent East nesian officials, also threatened to campaign humanitarian organization Cambodia Trust, Timor should be a democratic country, relig- for a referendum on the status of East the case of East Timor is perhaps “more iously pluralistic, not ruled under a domi- Timor, withdrawal of troops and the release extreme than Cambodia” under Pot Pot’s nant force and certainly not repeat the mis- of political prisoners, in protest at the con- Khmer Rouge in the late seventies. takes of the Indonesian army who, having tinued alleged abuse of human rights. Reviewing the previous speakers, Dr. performed a heroic role in the anti colonial G.J. Aditjondro argued that present day and struggle, established a monstrous dictatorial AN INDONESIAN SEMINAR future generations of Indonesians would do practice called Dwi Fungsi (the Dual Role FOCUSED ON EAST TIMOR better to be aware of the expansion of what for the military). Such issues were also dis- he called ‘postwar, orthodox nationalisms,’ cussed among East Timorese students in AND WEST PAPUA and to fully respect the coming of age of Java. ‘authentic nationalisms’ in many parts of The discussions at the Amsterdam semi- Press Release from Tanah Air, PO Box the archipelago. Southeast Asia, he said, nar, especially among some Indonesians and 11545, 1001 GM Amsterdam, the Nether- could become an arena of dynamic struggles Papuans, were sometimes emotional. Given lands, November 28, 1993. between the so-called ‘mega-nationalisms’ the New Order’s gross human rights viola- A number of prominent scientists and ac- of the existing nation-states (Indonesia, tions, many Indonesians - certainly after the tivists have called on the Indonesian public Thailand, Brunei, the Philippines) versus Santa Cruz massacre - have little problem to respect the rights of the indigenous peo- ‘micro or authentic nationalisms’ ranging with the idea of the former Portuguese col- ple in the area now called Indonesia. Special from Aceh, Patani, Brunei and Moro in the ony dissociating itself from the Indonesian attention was paid to the problems of East Malay region, to the Maubere (East Timor), nation-state, but they seem much less in- Timor and West Papua. Papuan and other nationalisms in the Mela- clined to be open vis a vis similar aspira- Speaking before a mainly Indonesian au- nesian region. tions in West Papua and Aceh. dience in a seminar on ‘the problems of Given the Indonesian state doctrine and The seminar on state, nation and ethnic state, nation and ethnic groups in Indone- the education system so far, the idea of groups in Indonesia was the first of its kind. sia,’ in Amsterdam on November, 28th, diversity of nations and nationalisms within Public interest in Holland seems wide. it is 1993, Dr. Peter Carey, a historian at Trinity the Indonesian nation- state is for most expected to be followed by more dialogue College, Oxford, reminded the public of the Indonesians a strange idea, an anathema, if among Indonesians and between them and atrocities by the Indonesian army in the not subversive. This is wrong - Aditjondro East Timorese and Papuans. former Portuguese colony of East Timor. said referring to another Indonesian scholar On the conditions of the Papuans, Victor Dr. Th. Sumartana - because the principal Kaisiepo of the West Papua Liberation aims of the Indonesian national independent Front, expressed his concerns about similar struggle were not to build a glorious and trends of genocide and economic exploita- encompassing great state of Indonesia, but tion. Other speakers at the seminar were implied two essential themes, i.e. emancipa- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 55

against arms exporters on grounds of con- the validity of Chris’s statement of con- EVENTS IN BRITAIN science. science and his state of mind at the time he After the jury yesterday failed to agree a entered BAe property and destroyed verdict, the court ordered a re-trial. equipment, and commended the truth and CHRIS COLE ON TRIAL FOR The judge, Mr. Justice Sedley, had or- honesty with which he had presented his BAE PLOWSHARES ACTION dered the jury to return a unanimous verdict evidence. but after several hours of deliberation, the He directed the jury to balance these ‘du- TAPOL report, 6 October 1993 jury announced that three members wanted ties of a citizen’ to speak out and _act_ on The first hearing of the trial of Chris to return a non- guilty verdict. As the judge questions of conscience in a free society Cole, the Christian peace activist who was not willing to accept a 9 to 3 decision, against the actual damage caused to BAe smashed up bits of Hawk aircraft in a Brit- he abandoned the trial and the prosecution property, stating that ‘large corporations ish Aerospace factory in Stevenage, was demanded a re-trial. The re-trial is likely to too need to be able to go about their busi- adjourned today, after an announcement that take place soon at Luton Crown Court al- ness in an unhindered way.’ He also ordered the case will be heard by a high court judge, though it is unlikely that it will be heard the jury to consider whether the damage not a circuit judge as originally intended. before the same judge. inflicted was commensurate with the point Chris Cole undertook his action on 6 The trial was heard before a high court Chris wanted to make and the way he ar- January this year, Epiphany Day, to regis- judge because of the highly unusual nature gued his case on the principle that one can ter his disapproval of the manufacture and of the case, on two counts. First, the defen- commit a crime to prevent a greater crime export of Hawk aircraft in general and the dant insisted on handling his own defence being committed. sale of these warplanes to Indonesia in par- which is almost unheard of in a criminal It is likely that Chris’s defence state- ticular, drawing attention to Indonesia’s case, and second, he argued that he had ment, the summing up of the judge and the illegal invasion and occupation of East committed the action against British Aero- failure of the jury to convict Chris will set a Timor. space because of deeply held beliefs about precedent in English legal history, around Chris Cole faces charges that could result the criminal nature of BAe sales of war the right of citizens to commit a crime on in a sentence of up to ten years. equipment, in particular to Indonesia. grounds of conscience and to prevent greater After being postponed for three days The circuit judge, Judge Rodwell, known crimes. running at Luton Crown Court, Judge Rod- for the severity of his sentencing, announced After the court ordered a retrial, the de- well opened the hearing today at 2pm and at the commencement of the trial that he felt fence proposed and it was agreed that a immediately announced an adjournment till incompetent to handle the case because of transcript of the judge’s summing up would Thursday, 7 October. He said that he would the complex legal questions involved and the be used as the departure for the re-trial be- not be trying the case, in view of its impor- case was therefore handed over to a high cause of its presentation of questions of law tance. The case will now be tried at the same court judge, Mr. Justice Sedley. vital to the case against Chris. court by Mr. Justice Sedley, a high court Chris Cole presented a strong defence HUNG JURY FOR “BRITIS H judge. The solicitor advising Chris Cole was statement and was allowed by the judge to later informed that the decision to have a argue his case on the basis of knowingly AEROSPACE PLOUGHSHARES” more senior judge hear the case was made in committing a crime to prevent a worse crime PEACE ACTIVIST view of “the complex legal questions it being prevented. October 14 report: raises and the considerable public interest in The crown prosecutor sought to under- On 7th October, at Luton (UK) Crown the case.” mine Cole’s credibility by questioning him Court Chris Cole finally went on trial before Chris Cole will plead not guilty to about previous direct actions which had the High Court Judge, Lord Justice Sedley, charges of inflicting criminal damage on the resulted in earlier convictions. One was for charged with causing 100,000 pounds (UK) basis of early English law and Christian having sprayed a ‘warmongers’ graffiti out- worth of criminal damage to weaponry at a moral principles. He is handling his own side the offices of British Aerospace in British Aerospace (BAe) factory earlier this defence. London, and another for having penetrated year. After 4 days of the trial (Tues. Two expert witnesses will appear on his an air force base in July 1992 and spraying 12/10/93) the jury was finally sent out to behalf. They are Dr. Peter Carey, senior anti-war slogans on the bomb-bay doors of reach a verdict. They spent nearly 5 hours historian in 19th century Indonesian history B-52s before they set off on bombing mis- deliberating but were unable to reach the at Trinity College, Oxford, a well-known sions to Iraq. He also cross-examined Chris required majority of 10 out of 12 people in activist for East Timor, and Professor Paul on how he could have known that the Hawk agreement. The judge therefore dismissed Rogers of the Bradford School of Peace nose-cones he had damaged were indeed the jury and declared Chris as “neither ac- Studies. destined for export to Indonesia. In his summing up, Mr. Justice Sedley quitted nor convicted.” There will be a re- BAE CASE GOES presented a compelling case for the right of trial in the near future. FOR RE-TRIAL ordinary citizens to speak out on matters of On 6th Jan 93, Chris Cole (a Christian peace activist) entered a British Aerospace TAPOL Report, 13 October 1993 moral concern. He stated that ‘the history of this century is littered with examples of (BAe) weapons factory in Stevenage, UK, TAPOL wishes to thank Dr. Peter Carey for what happens when ordinary citizens keep and used household hammers to disarm his assistance in preparing this report. silent in the face of evil’ and argued that it nosecones for the Eurofighter 2000, for The trial of Chris Cole, the peace activist was the duty of citizens in a free society to Hawk strike attack aircraft and other mili- accused of causing damage to British Aero- speak out. He also agreed that BAe had been tary equipment. BAe has agreed to sell 24 space property as a sign of protest against selling arms to pretty unsavory regimes, Hawk aircraft to Indonesia for use against the company’s export of warplanes to In- including Indonesia, whose actions in East the people of East Timor. donesia, had to be abandoned after the jury Timor were tantamount to genocide, which, Chris has, from the outset, claimed total failed to agree a verdict. This is being seen as he said, ‘is a crime both in our law and in responsibility for his action and entered the a significant vindication for direct action international law.’ The judge also accepted BAe factory with a Statement of Conscience Page 56 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. which explained why he was doing his act of jury were divided as to whether Chris had tary equipment causing #90,000 damage in disarmament. He has pleaded “not guilty” lawful excuse or not, they had not reached a an attempt to “symbolically disarm” it. He claiming throughout his defence that he was unanimous decision of guilty. said he acted on moral grounds to save lives. within the law. He quoted Section 3 of the Confusion prevailed. Armed with tow hammers, a quantity of Criminal Law Act (1967) which states that As the Judge proceeded to address Chris his own blood, red paint, a signed statement “a person may use such force as is reason- about his guilt of criminal damage to military of conscience and photographs of friends’ able in the circumstances in the prevention nosecones, several members of the jury children, he smashed the nose cones on a of crime.” Chris went on to explain that the shook their heads and looked mis- Hawk 200 fighter plane, a Tornado fighter- crime which he was preventing was that of understood. However, the proceedings bomber and a Merlin guided mortar system. murder, which would otherwise be brought rolled on too quickly for clarification, and He poured his blood on computers and about by the use of these weapons. In par- within minutes the judge was delivering the painted messages around the building. ticular, he explained that the BAe- manufac- sentence. The court heard that Mr. Cole is a mem- tured Hawk aircraft are being sold to Indo- Chris was given 8 months. However, he ber of the “Swords into Ploughshares” cam- nesia and used by Indonesia in the genocide had already served 5.5 months on remand paign which believes in peaceful direct ac- of East Timor. after his initial arrest. This meant that Chris tion against the armaments industry. The Judge noted that there was no ques- had already completed his sentence. He attacked the site on the feast of the tion over the fact that Chris had entered a Chris emerged from the court buildings at Epiphany, January 6. He left the message: BAe factory and “disarmed” several nose- about 3:30pm, to a bottle of champagne, “The Epiphany remembers when three men cones and other military equipment. The cheering supporters and crews of cameras presented gifts to the infant Jesus. My gift Judge instructed the jury that their task was and interviewers. of disarmament is for all infants who are to determine whether Chris had used “rea- The only condition placed on Chris is threatened by BAe weapons, from Northern sonable force” in order to prevent a crime. that he “stays out of trouble” until Jan 6 Ireland to East Timor.” The fact that, at the very least, 3 jurors 1994. Mr. Cole, who defended himself, said he (which is 1 in 4 people) believed Chris was SUPPORT attacked the Stevenage site because he was justified in his actions is an important mile- incensed at the planned sale of 24 Hawk If you would like to show support for stone for the peace movement. As Chris aircraft to Indonesia, which occupied East Chris’ action, you can subscribe (by dona- said: Timor in defiance of UN resolutions, and tion) to “The Blacksmith” which is a bulle- “I’m overjoyed that some people have because BAe is the largest manufacturer of tin news-sheet about the progress of this realized that it wasn’t me who’s committed arms in Europe. ploughshares action. To subscribe please the crime but that British Aerospace are the “I believe very strongly that we are not send a cheque (payable to “BAe Plough- true villains. However it is disappointing allowed to kill. It’s a very strong com- shares”) to British Aerospace Ploughshares, that I have to go through yet another trial to mandment but our whole culture here in c/o NVRN, 162 Holloway Road, London prove my innocence.” Britain is based on killing. It says in the UK. [The next issue of “The Blacksmith” Messages of support should be sent to Bible that we must take responsibility for will contain more details of the court case Chris c/o (UK) 0865 201687. (Email may be our sisters and brothers and my aim was to and, hopefully, photos of the action and of sent to [email protected] and will be disarm BAe who are making huge profits the vigils held outside the courts.] forwarded.) from misery.” Letters of support can be sent to Chris His action was the 50th of the move- himself at 9, Chilswell Road, Oxford OX1, CHRISTIAN PEACE ACTIVIST GOES ment’s campaign. It draws its inspiration or telephone 0865 201687. FREE.... FINALLY! from the prophet Isaiah: “They shall beat If you would like more information about their spears into pruning-knives, nation shall A eye witness account by Patricia Allen of the the [UK] “Swords into Ploughshares” not lift sword against nation nor ever be BAe Ploughshares Support Group, Oct. 22. movement in general, you could write to the trained for war.” On Thursday 21st October, the retrial of “Ploughshares Support Network,” c/o Jig- Chris Cole at St. Albans Crown Court fi- saw Box, 111 Magdalen Road, Oxford, UK. nally ended. The retrial lasted three days, CAMPAIGN: EAST TIMOR and the jury took 3 and a half hours to reach PEACE ACTIVIST ‘DISARMED’ BAE TOUR IN BRITAIN their decision. A unanimous verdict of WARPLANES “guilty” was delivered, yet there was some The Guardian, 22 October 1993. By Vivek From PeaceNews, Oct. 19, 1993 confusion as to what the jury were referring Chaudhary & Margaret Coles Two East Timorese, José Amorim and to. The jury stated that, although they had A Christian peace activist who smashed Maria Braz, are touring Britain in October reached a unanimous “guilty” verdict, they military equipment with a hammer and and November. José recently fled East were divided on two issues, those being splattered it with his own blood in protest Timor and Indonesia after taking part in issues of at the armaments industry, was sentenced to demonstrations following the Santa Cruz (1) criminal damage caused (specifically eight month’s imprisonment by Mr. Justice massacre. He is the European head of the to the walls, office furniture and doors) and Sedley at St. Albans crown court yesterday. Conselho Nacional de Resistencia Maubere (2) whether Chris had lawful excuse for (CNRM), the umbrella group representing But Chris Cole, aged 30, who denied his action. criminal damage, was freed because he had the Timorese resistance. Maria is active This latter point was Chris Cole’s de- already served five months on remand. A within the Timorese women’s movement. fence for his action: that he was not guilty retrial had been ordered after the jury could · Wed 27 Oct. Reading International Festi- because he had lawful excuse according to not reach a unanimous verdict at his first val 10:30am-4:00pm Section 3 of the Criminal Law Act which trial. · Sat 30 Oct. London Third World First states “such force as is reasonable in the Mr. Cole, from Oxford, broke into the conference, London School of Economics circumstances in the prevention of crime” is British Aerospace factory in Stevenage, · Mon 1 Nov. Bristol Transport House, allowable. It therefore follows that if the Hertfordshire in January and attacked mili- Victoria St, 7:30pm East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 57

· Tue 2 Nov. Bath Baptist Church, Man- helps the women and children adapt to their ple what is happening, to increase their vess St, 7:45pm new life. awareness. We can live freely in Portugal · Wed 3 Nov. Birmingham University Fatima was living in a guerilla mountain but Portugal is not our land and if we want lunchtime meeting; Aston University: encampment with her husband, a fighter in to have a land, we all have to participate in Rm 146, Aston Triangle, 7pm the resistance movement. She and another the struggle. Being Timorese, my conscience woman were taken by helicopter to army doesn’t allow me to be a silent witness.” · Thu 4 Nov. Worksworth Memorial Hall, St Johns St, 7:30pm headquarters: “But as they were flying over the mountains, they threw her friend out. LONDON: TWO YEARS SINCE THE · Fri. 5 Nov. Derby University contact They put Fatima in a prison, where they SANTA CRUZ MASSACRE: Third World Studies Group raped her many times and burnt her nipples 12 November 1993 5.30 - 7pm · Sat 6 Nov. Chester Bishop Lloyds Pal- and vagina with cigarettes.” Amnesty Inter- CANDLE-LIT VIGIL FOR EAST ace, Watergate St Row (City Centre) national, which has documented ‘grave and TIMOR with readings and prayers on the 8pm persistent human rights violations’ in East steps of St Martins Church, Trafalgar Timor, says the Indonesians commonly · Sun 7 Nov. Lancaster Friends Meeting Square, London, followed by ... commit rape ‘in field operations and in cus- House 7pm “NO ARMS SALES TO INDONESIA : tody, on women and girls as young as 14.’ · Mon 8 Nov. Lancaster University con- FREE EAST TIMOR” SOCIAL at Caxton Fatima spent two years in prison before tact Marilyn Milton Jones (0524 65201) House, St John’s Way, London N19 her family found her and, with the help of · Tue 9 Nov. Manchester Student Union, (Archway tube) Entrance: 4 (2 concessions) the church and the Red Cross, finally ob- Biko Building, 1pm; Manchester Town - words and music for East Timor - stalls tained permission for her to go to Portugal Hall 7:30pm - bar - * food from Kitchens of Resistance * under its family reunion programme. Organised by the Coalition for East · Thu 11 Nov. Oxford University Contact It is very hard to get people or informa- Timor (Britain) and Campaign Against Jennifer Smith tion out of East Timor: “The women do not Arms Trade as part of the three-week FREE · Fri. 12 Nov. London Vigil to commemo- like to talk about these things,” Braz says. EAST TIMOR TOUR of Britain. rate the Santa Cruz massacre, 5:30- Many women and children are actively 6:45pm at St-Martin-in-the-Fields, Tra- involved in the resistance movement. Am- falgar Square; social at Caxton House, St nesty International’s Geoff Robinson ex- INDONESIA USED BRITISH Johns Way (Archway stn) from 7:30pm plains: “There’s a new generation who have FIGHTER JETS IN – music, food, stalls. Tickets GBP grown up entirely under Indonesian occupa- OCCUPIED EAST TIMOR 4/GBP 2 concs. tion who want to get rid of it.” · Sat 13 Nov. Bradford phone for details In the past 18 years, Indonesia has mur- The following News Alert was put out by the · Sun 14 Nov. CND National Conference, dered more than 200,000 people by bomb- Coalition for East Timor in London on Fri- Bradford. ing, massacre, torture and starvation. Yet the day, 12 November 1993: international community continues to turn a Portsmouth and St Andrews are also British Hawk aircraft were used in East blind eye, despite Indonesia’s defiance of 10 Timor in the 1980s, a Timorese visiting possible stops on the tour. Please phone UN resolutions calling for its withdrawal. Catherine (071 354 0883) or Anne (081 671 England will tell the Foreign Office this Indeed, the UK recently increased its aid to afternoon. The revelation has emerged dur- 5143) for details on individual stops or on Indonesia fourfold. the tour in general. ing a speaking tour of Britain conducted by On November 12, 1991, the army opened two Timorese this month, organised by the THE FORGOTTEN WAR OF EAST fire on men, women and children at a peace- Coalition for East Timor, when Mr. Dias TIMOR: ful protest march in Dili, the capital. Am- personally testified that he saw Hawk nesty says that at least 100 people were fighter planes at the Baucau military airbase Women’s Page, The Guardian, 10 Novem- killed. But this atrocity differed from all the ber 1993. By: Margaret Coles in occupied East Timor in 1984. others in one respect: it was captured on Since Indonesia invaded East Timor in “Her husband was trying to protect her video by British documentary-maker Max 1975, around one third of the population but he only had one bullet in his gun, so he Stahl. His film exposed to the world the has died from bombings, extrajudicial kill- said: ‘If the Indonesians kill me, this bullet cruelty and oppression of the occupying ings, disease and starvation. Over nearly 18 is for you.’ He didn’t want them to catch regime. years of illegal occupation of East Timor, her because of the things they do to women. “One of my cousins died in the massacre; Indonesia has defied ten UN resolutions When the Indonesians surrounded their another was arrested and he told me that the calling for the withdrawal of its troops from group, they all started running and she was soldiers took the young girls to the army the former Portuguese colony. in front of her husband. Suddenly she heard headquarters and raped them, and forced the “We used to travel past the airbase at a shot, she turned and saw her husband’s boys to watch. If the boys tried to turn Baucau when we went on pastoral visits head explode, and her face was filled with away, they put a gun to their heads and with Bishop Belo and other priests,” ex- his blood.” threatened to shoot them,” Braz says. plained Mr. Dias, who attended a seminary Maria Braz tells the story of Fatima, as She also recounts reports of women being in East Timor for 8 years. “There, I can Fatima told it to her. Braz, 25, is an East given abortions without their consent and of personally confirm, I saw Hawk aircraft Timorese who fled to Portugal with her the sterilisation of schoolgirls by injection. loaded with bombs.” family in 1975, the year the Indonesians Amnesty says that Indonesia pursues a This is the first time a Timorese eye- invaded, following the overthrow of the forceful policy of sterilisation, using the witness has been able to testify in Britain Salazar dictatorship in Lisbon. drug Depo-Provera, among its own women, about Indonesia’s use of the Hawks in oc- As other Timorese reach the safety of as well as those of East Timor. cupied East Timor. The account of Mr. Dias Portugal from the trauma of their country’s Braz has postponed taking finals for a makes all the more controversial the British endless war against its oppressor, Braz degree in business administration to work government’s approval earlier this year of for a free East Timor. “We need to tell peo- Page 58 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. the British Aerospace sale to Indonesia of security purposes; nor have I any reason to more Hawks but it was not clear when nego- 24 more Hawk aircraft, making Britain per- believe that those in the contract which was tiations would start. haps Indonesia’s largest supplier of major concluded in May ... will be used in that An air forces spokesman said he had no weapons systems. The deal includes techni- way.’ [Hansard, 29/6/93]. On numerous knowledge of the talks but confirmed the cal training and spares, and is worth 500 occasions, the Foreign Office has specifi- need for more planes because of the size of million pounds. cally assured MPs that British Hawks have the Indonesian archipelago - stretching more His testimony flies in the face of re- not been used against the population of East than 5000km across the equator. peated government assurances that British Timor. “I don’t know anything about these talks equipment is not used against the civilian Yet in 1991 Lynda Chalker had admitted but our air force certainly needs more planes population of East Timor. Defending the that, ‘It is not practical to monitor their use such as Hawks,” he said. recent sale of Hawks to Indonesia, Baroness once they have reached their destinations.’ Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Graydon, Chalker of Wallasey told the House of (She was referring to the armoured person- Britain’s chief of air staff, visited Jakarta Lords, “There is no evidence that aircraft nel carriers Britain had sold to Indonesia in last week for talks with military leaders. sold in the past to Indonesia have been used the 1970s and 1980s) [letter to inquirer, His visit came shortly after BAe said it for internal security purposes; nor have I 12/8/91]. might set up joint ventures with Indonesia any reason to believe that those in the con- The British government’s current confi- on turboprop aircraft and cars. tract which was concluded in May ... will be dence rests on the assurances it says it has The aviation sources said any new used in that way.” received from Indonesia that the Hawks will Hawks sold to Indonesia would probably be –––––––––––– not be used against the population of East the 200 Series single-seat fighters with fit- Timor. Yet back in 1984, the government tings for Maverick air-to-ground missiles. INDONESIA’S USE OF HAWKS: told an MP that ‘we do not normally seek The 24 earlier sales are for 8 100 Series 2- BACKGROUND INFORMATION assurances which can offer no reliable guar- seater fighters and 16 200 Series planes, Indonesia’s first deal with British Aero- antee about the uses to which the equipment they added. space (BAe) for 8 Hawk aircraft was signed might later be put.’[TAPOL Bulletin 62]. Indonesia’s military chief, General Feisal in 1978, at a time when Indonesia’s war in Shadow Foreign Affairs spokesperson Tanjung, confirmed in June the country East Timor was at its height. By 1984, a Dr. Jack Cunningham recently wrote to planned to buy about 100 new warplanes total of 20 Hawks had been commissioned Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd asking him over 25 years to replace aging squadrons. into the Indonesian airforce. to “spell out exactly what assurances you US-designed aircraft, including F-16 Successive British governments have sought and received from the government of fighting Falcons, F-5e Tigers and A-4e Sky- maintained that the Hawks exported to In- Indonesia before you agreed to the [British hawks, form the back bone of Indonesia’s donesia were for training purposes only. Aerospace] sale proceeding.” [28.10.93] As present air-combat capability. Back in 1978, however, British Aerospace yet he has had no reply. “The Indonesian Air force is enhancing pointed out in its press release [5 April] The British government, which grants li- its capabilities to operate as an effective that ‘The Hawk has been designed from the cences for the sale of military equipment to component of ABRI (the armed forces),” a outset with a significant ground attack capa- Indonesia, is at pains to protect BAe con- foreign military source said. bility.’ Furthermore, it stated that, ‘where tracts and so to disregard the consequences “It has also identified problems in its lo- Hawks have been acquired in the training of exporting warplanes to an aggressor state. gistics and maintenance systems, and initi- version only ... they can be modified on site Yet British Aerospace boasts of the Hawks’ ated steps to redress them,” the source to the five pylon ground attack standard.’ fighter capabilities, the Indonesian airforce added. In January 1985, this potential was evi- talks of their service as ground attack air- Indonesia’s state-run IPTN aircraft fac- dently realised, despite the British govern- craft, and last night Mr. Dias confirmed that tory, chaired by Research and Technology ment’s assurances to the contrary: Indone- they had been used in East Timor, where Minister Jusuf Habibie, is already making sian Airforce Chief of Staff Marshall Su- Indonesia continues to carry out atrocities some parts for the American F-16s. kardi announced that the British-made against the inhabitants of a country which it Habibie said in April that orders would Hawks were serving in Indonesia’s new Air illegally occupies. go to foreign companies which allowed a Force Squadron ‘for purposes of advanced high percentage of the planes to be built by training and tactical combat,’ and that this INDONESIAN AIR FORCE Indonesia. squadron would reinforce the airforce’s SAID EYEING 16 MORE HAWK BAe said on November 25 it might set up operational strength [TAPOL Bulletin 73]. joint ventures with Indonesia on cars and BAe’s press release announcing the re- JETS turboprop aircraft. A preliminary agreement cent 500 million contract for 24 Hawks to had been signed with Habibie, it added. By John Owen-Davies, Reuter, Dec. 6, 1993. Indonesia referred only to training aircraft Slightly abridged [10.6.93]. Yet numerous Indonesian officials have stated that the deal would contain a (Jakarta) Indonesia’s air forces has been mix of Hawk 100 trainers and Hawk 200 given the official go-ahead to discuss buying ground attack aircraft. Indonesian Minister 16 more Hawk aircraft from British Aero- of Research and Technology Dr. Habibie space, foreign aviation sources said on announced that, “The planes will be used Monday. not only to train pilots but also for ground BAe won an Indonesian order in June for attack."[Times 18.4.93] 24 Hawk trainers and ground-attack fighters Answering criticism of the government worth about 500 million sterling. The first for allowing the sale, Baroness Chalker of aircraft are due to be delivered in 1996. Wallasey said in the House of Lords in June, The sources said the air force, with some ‘There is no evidence that aircraft sold in the 80 combat planes, had been told by the past to Indonesia have been used for internal government it could proceed with talks for East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 59

to hold back the tears, this international MANDELA MEETS TIMORESE EVENTS IN PORTUGAL authority on Indonesian politics could only murmur, “It’s...very...hard....” Even to a RESISTANCE DELEGATION person like myself who only knows the INDONESIA’S From Timorese Resistance’s Joint Represen- Indonesia of today, it was painfully clear tation, 12 October 1993. Translated from LINGUISTIC “SPELL” how compelling had been that moment in Portuguese history when Indonesia, though poor, was “East Timor Occupation: 18 Years” shining with idealism. (Lisbon) On 5 October, ANC leader Nel- It’s own nationalism now rigidified, In- son Mandela met in Lisbon with a delega- “Undemocratic Nature (of the regime) tion from the Timorese Resistance. The hinders liberation” donesia cannot understand the East Timorese movement for independence. delegation, composed of Luis Takas “Indonesia’s ideological disease” The paper which I presented at the sym- (CNRM), Olimpio Branco (Fretilin) and “Self-delusion rules speech” posium was titled “Reading the Unwritten: Zacarias Costa (UDT), outlined the current Yomiuri Shimbun by MATSUNO Akihisa, An Anatomy of Indonesian Discourse on situation in East Timor and made Nelson Oct. 8, 1993. Slightly abridged/translated by East Timor.” It describes how the main Mandela a special request. Jean Inglis elements of modern-day Indonesian ideol- A future exchange of information was ogy, namely, anti-communism, developmen- agreed upon by the ANC and Timorese A week-long symposium, sponsored by Resistance delegations, and a visit to South Oporto University in Portugal, on the theme talism, family-statism, and unitarism, shape Indonesian discourse on East Timor. It at- Africa by a Timorese delegation was pro- “Indonesia and East Timor” was held at the posed. end of July and drew scholars, students, tempted to break the linguistic spell that Indonesia has fallen into. NGO activists, parliamentarians and jour- TIMORESE RESISTANCE nalists from all over the world. Why is this necessary? Indonesian intel- The theme was based on the understand- lectuals today have had imposed on them DELEGATION ATTENDS ing that democratization in Indonesia was the official value system that ultimately SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL ends up at the state ideology, Pancasila . All necessary for the liberation of East Timor. COUNCIL MEETING The issue cannot be solved unless Indonesia, intellectual activity is being lead in a certain direction. If one goes against the stream, one with its overwhelming military strength, From Timorese Resistance’s Joint Represen- is branded as “anti-Pancasila” or “anti- seriously approaches negotiations. And for tation, 12 October 1993. Translated from Indonesian.” The ultimate rule which the that, democratization in Indonesia itself is Portuguese necessary. absolutist state seeks to impose is internal- ized rule. And that manifests itself in lin- In Lisbon on 6 and 7 October 1993, the There were several participants from In- Timorese Resistance’s Joint Representation donesia. Portugal and Indonesia do not have guistic control. In a closed system of dis- course, illusion becomes reality. Indonesia (consisting of CNRM, Fretilin and UDT) diplomatic relations, and considering how were present as observers at the Socialist dangerous it is for an Indonesia who says or will only understand East Timor when it understands itself, and that will only be International (SI) Council Meeting. Before- does anything with respect to East Timor hand, the Resistance delegation met with SI that is not in Indonesia’s interest, their par- when it becomes aware of its illusions. On July 29, the last day of the sympo- General Secretary, Luis Ayala, to discuss ticipation was epochmaking. At the sympo- issues related to future cooperation. sium they drove home the point that the sium, when the news of the birth of a coali- tion government in Japan was announced, Various resolutions on matters of global liberation of East Timor was an important importance were put forward at the SI issue for the young, democratic forces in there were cheers and clapping. This was because Japan is the largest donor of eco- Council Meeting. The Portuguese Socialist Indonesia. Party’s General Secretary, Antonio Guter- On the last day of the symposium, how- nomic aid to, and political supporter of the present regime in Indonesia. It is up to Ja- res, proposed a resolution on East Timor ever, word reached the meeting hall that the (see text below), which was passed unani- Indonesian government had issued a warning pan to talk Indonesia out of its stubborn attitude and get it to sit down to discuss mously. to the Indonesian participants. Uneasiness Resolution on East Timor (original Eng- filled the hall because just last year a law peace. What Indonesia is doing today should be only too clear to Japan, where, in the lish text), passed in Lisbon, October 1993, was passed that prohibits people who po- by the Socialist International: litically criticize the government while past a military out of control lead to a war of aggression. I think that the time has come “The Socialist International expresses its abroad from returning home. concern about the continuous violation of The participants could not help but for Japan to approach Indonesia as a friend. MATSUNO Akihisa, born in 1956, is a human rights in East Timor and the denial wonder at this oppressive situation in Indo- by the Indonesian Government of the right nesia, a country which had once fought for professor of Indonesian at Osaka Foreign Language University, co-author of to self-determination of the Timorese peo- lofty ideals to gain its own independence. ple. One evening a video of an Australian TV “Nakroma, A Short History of East Timorese Independence,” and translator of a The SI calls for the acceleration of the ne- program about modern Indonesian history, gotiations in the framework of the UN and “Riding the Tiger,” was shown. There is a number of works of modern and traditional Indonesian literature. endorses full support for the efforts of the scene in which a plantation worker, looking UN Secretary General. back on the independence struggle, says The SI calls on the Indonesian Govern- “We didn’t think about ourselves; we did it ment to develop initiatives of confidence- for others.” Many people must have been building, such as the opening of the East moved to realize that there was once a time Timor territory to humanitarian and assis- like that in Indonesia too. When the video tance organisations, the reduction of military was over Professor Anderson of Cornell presence in the territory, the acknowledg- University was asked to comment. Trying ment of cultural and religious rights of the Page 60 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Timorese people and the releasing of politi- were, at the time, always encouraged and tional Cause” exhibition, to be held at the cal prisoners.” applauded by the UN), but the truth is that Timor Centre, Lisbon. The Australian Labour Party’s absence they were carried out in complete good from the SI Meeting in Lisbon is notewor- faith, in accordance with International Law, thy. and with notable generosity, speed, and EVENTS IN CANADA TIMORESE REPRESENTATION disinterest. WANTS COOPERATION WITH THE SI Portugal cannot accept the invasion by Indonesia, which forcibly and illegally occu- EAST TIMOR AWARENESS IN SEARCH FOR EAST TIMOR pies East Timor - with no valid pretext BENEFIT IN OTTAWA SOLUTION whatsoever - after annexation of the terri- From Timorese Resistance Joint. Represen- tory, without prior consultations with the Sunday, October 17, 1993 tation, 7 October 1993. Translated from parties concerned, and after enslaving its Portuguese people, under fierce military domination. PLACE: Irene’s, 885 Bank Street The members of the Timorese Resis- The occupation constitutes a new form of PERFORMERS: (in order of appearance): tance’s Joint Representation (CNRM, Fre- colonisation, which is absolutely intolerable Abé Barreto Soares (Timorese Musician); tilin, UDT), who attended the Socialist In- in the light of International Law and resolu- Bob Stark; Ian Tamblyn; Epona K’Wae; ternational Council Meeting in Lisbon as tions repeatedly passed by the UN. Dog Day Afternoon; The Dust Bunnies; observers, acknowledge the important role As it happens, the people of East Timor Lonesome Paul; The Unbeatables; The played by the SI in seeking solutions to have courageously resisted Indonesian Hammerheads; domination over the years, using every various conflicts throughout the world, de- GUEST SPEAKERS: Abé Barreto Soares, fending the right to self-determination, hu- manner of means available, as demonstrated by: the massacre in Dili’s cemetery, which Timorese refugee in Canada; José Ramos man rights, and the freedom of peoples. The Horta, Foreign Minister for East Timor Representation reaffirms its willingness to so moved the world, the capture of Resis- search, in cooperation with the Socialist tance leader Xanana Gusmão, the farce of MC: Chopper his trial and his hunger strike, his present International, for a fair solution to the prob- FURTHER INFO: Please contact Kerry at lem of the people of East Timor. situation, the admirable moral resistance of the Bishop of Dili, Mnsgr. Ximenes Belo - 230-4070 This is a twelve hour benefit, beginning at TIMOR IS A JUST CAUSE AND who well deserves the Nobel Peace Prize, for his relentless work defence of his peo- 1 p.m. whose purpose is to raise awareness MNSGR. BELO DESERVES ple’s human rights. East Timor is a just about East Timor. There is no cover charge; NOBEL PRIZE cause, as millions of people all over the however, donations are welcome at the door. world have already realised, from the Japa- “MANUFACTURING CONSENT” & Publico, 12 November 1993. By Mario nese Diet, to the European Parliament and Soares*. Translated from Portuguese US Congress, but equally important are all HORTA IN OTTAWA (Lisbon) The East Timor issue is, above the anonymous citizens of the world, the There will be a screening of the film, all, a matter of International Law and Jus- numerous civilian organisations which speak “Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky tice. out - such as Amnesty International, and the and the Media” at Carleton University on Portugal, former colonial power and, even International Human Rights League - , the Monday, October 18th, 1993. Speaking for today, administrative power de jure under leading international press, as well as young a few minutes prior to the commencement UN resolutions, has special responsibilities people in the universities of the five conti- of the film will be José Ramos Horta, “For- towards the territory, arising from commit- nents. eign Minister” for East Timor. At the inter- ments undertaken before the UN and also Indonesia is ruled by a hateful and mission, Mr. Ramos Horta will be on stage clearly enshrined by Portugal’s own Consti- bloody dictatorship, many years old, which to answer questions from the audience on tution. does not deserve the respect of a free con- East Timor. Complete details are as follows: It has not forsaken its moral duty to- science. The dictatorship’s first victims are Monday, October 18, 1993, 7:00 p.m. wards East Timor, in terms of solidarity the Indonesian people themselves, who I Bell Theatre, Minto Building Carleton with its brave and tormented people - a wish to salute today. They have expressed University Ottawa, Ontario people whose human rights have been so their solidarity with the people of East This event is cosponsored by profoundly violated since Indonesia’s illegal Timor, whenever they have had the chance, OPIRG/Carleton and the East Timor Alert occupation, a people that has known how to just as we Portuguese expressed our solidar- Network/Ottawa. resist over the years all forms of pressure, ity with our African brothers and others at For further information by phone, please even genocide and massive relocation of the time of the colonialist dictatorship of contact OPIRG/ Carleton at (613) 788- people, while admirably loyal to its na- Salazar and Caetano. 2757, Monday through Fridays, between 10 tional, religious, cultural and even linguistic Portugal has no designs whatsoever on a.m. and 4:30 p.m.. For information by identity. East Timor. In line with the wishes of the email, please contact ETAN/Ottawa at Following the Carnation Revolution, great majority of Portuguese, its intentions [email protected] which brought freedom to Portugal in April are, and always will be, purely ones of soli- 1974, Portugal behaved towards East Timor darity with the heroic struggle of the people as it did towards all its other colonies, con- of East Timor, who identify the defence of ceding them the right to self- determination their liberty and identity with the inalienable and independence, in accordance with the right to self-determination and independ- repeated resolutions passed by the UN. ence. There may have been some precipitated, * text written by the President of the Portu- unfortunate, or inappropriate behaviour guese Republic for the “East Timor: a Na- during the decolonisation processes (which East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 61

EAST TIMOR IGNORED It’s time for our government to respect “Ramos-Horta, who served as official its mandate to link foreign aid to human observer for East Timor at the United Na- Ottawa X Press, October 13. By Kerry rights. tions between 1975 and 1989, has not been Pither, ETAN/Ottawa activist. in his homeland for 19 years because of It has been most difficult to get any action on CANADA “ONE OF THE MOST Indonesia’s “racist and brutal” policies East Timor from the Canadian government, HYPOCRITICAL COUNTRIES which he says have killed four of his broth- ers and sisters. let alone any coverage by the media, over IN THE WORLD” the course of the last few months due to the Peter Monet, a member of the East Timor Alert Network and producer of a pending federal election (October 25). East Timor Activist Critical of National 1987 film called “East Timor: Betrayed but Trading Policies Also in the issue is featured the East Timor Not Beaten,” says Canada is legitimizing the Awareness Benefit in Ottawa. Ottawa Citizen, October 18, 1993 By Robb Indonesian occupation through aid and trade – Sharon, ETAN/Ottawa Cribb, Citizen Staff Writer policies, and by allowing Canadian weapons manufacturers to sell arms to Indonesia. An important issue being ignored during Horta – Ottawa Citizen Interview “Because Timor has nothing to offer us, this election campaign is the fact that we NOTE: José Ramos Horta was interviewed and Indonesia has natural resources and give over 40 million of our tax dollars a year at ETAN/Ottawa’s widely successful benefit, cheap labour, it is not in the interests of to the Indonesian government, which is with at least 1,000 people going through the government to publicize the facts,” Monet guilty of atrocities. doors throughout the day. said. In 1975, Indonesia invaded East Timor, In both 1975 and 1976 Canada abstained an island about 420 kilometres northwest of Horta’s speech was covered by local televi- in UN General Assembly votes calling for Australia. In defiance of UN resolutions, sion stations which was broadcast later that Indonesia’s immediate withdrawal from East war continues to be waged against the local day. Timor. In 1980, Canada began opposing UN population there. The article is accompanied with a 4” x 6” declarations acknowledging the right of the Military campaigns with names like photo of Horta with the following caption: East Timorese to exist as a sovereign nation. “Operation Eradicate” were launched against “José Ramos-Horta has not been in his Ramos-Horta last visited Ottawa in the people, Timorese were removed from homeland for 19 years out of fear of Indone- 1991, shortly after more than 100 armed their traditional homes and herded into con- sian reprisals for his leadership of East independence supporters were killed when centration camps, making organized resis- Timor’s Independence Movement. Beside the Indonesian soldiers opened fire into a crowd tance almost impossible. In November 1991, photo is a 3” x 5” map of Southeast Asia. of mourners at a cemetery in Dili, the capital the Indonesian army opened fire on a peace- One of the most eloquent and forceful of the island. He urged then-external affairs ful funeral procession; over 600 people were voices of the East Timoran resistance is in minister Barbara McDougall to impose eco- killed or have disappeared. Any sign of Ottawa to deliver some harsh words to the nomic sanctions against Indonesia. resistance is rewarded with imprisonment or Canadian government. Beyond a temporary suspension of aid, death. Thus far, 250,000 people, over one “Canada is one of the most hypocritical that request was ignored. third of the 1975 population of Timor, have countries in the world,” said José Ramos- Indonesia remains Canada’s second larg- died as a result of killings, bombings, disease Horta at a benefit for his troubled home- est recipient of bilateral government-to- and famine. land Sunday. government aid, receiving about $40 million Indonesia’s calculated genocide against “Canada has one of the most immoral a year. the Timorese also includes the sterilization policies in the world when it comes to East It is also one of Canada’s biggest trading of Timorese women, and the elimination of a Timor.” partners in Southeast Asia, with two-way rich indigenous culture by forbidding the “Ramos-Horta wants Canada to recog- trade totaling about $500 million annually. study of local language and lore – only the nize East Timor – a small Pacific Island –———— Indonesian language and history are taught. occupied by Indonesia since 1975 – as a The Canadian government has lobbied to sovereign nation. Under Indonesian rule, At the end of the article is a box with facts remove East Timor from the UN agenda and about 200,000 Timorans have died from about Timor. has voted against several resolutions that violence, famine or disease. East Timor: East Timor, the eastern por- called for Indonesia’s withdrawal. The Ca- Ramos-Horta, co-chairman and special tion of the island of the island of Timor, is nadian government legitimizes Indonesian representative of the National Council of the about the size of Vancouver Island and is aggression by providing aid, and by author- Timorese Resistance, was to meet several 650 km north of Australia. izing Canadian weapons manufacturers to Canadian government officials today includ- History: Ruled by the Portuguese from export to Indonesia. The reasons for this ing the deputy director of the Indonesia 1512 to 1974, East Timor was invaded by support are clear: over 300 Canadian com- program at the Canadian International De- Indonesia in 1975, nine days after declaring panies operate in Indonesia, and East Timor velopment Agency, and the director general independence from Portugal. has valuable offshore oil reserves. of human rights at External Affairs. Population: About 555,000. Since 1975 The United States Centre for Defence In- “Canada is audacious with regards to 200,000 Timorese have died from violence, formation has described the ongoing geno- human rights when small countries like Haiti famine or disease. In 1991, 180 people were cide in East Timor as the worst since the and Kuwait are concerned, or with countries killed when troops fired on a crowd of 3,500 Second World War, and the Clinton admini- like Iraq when the U.S. is standing behind in Dili, the capital. stration is making significant changes to it,” said Ramos-Horta, 44. policy concerning Indonesia. But few Cana- “But when it comes to a country like In- EAST TIMOR TOLL dians have heard of East Timor, or realize donesia, which is a big trading partner, Can- Letter to the Editor, Ottawa Citizen, Nov.5 that Indonesia, the second largest recipient ada shows its true colors – utter hypoc- The allegation in your Octo. 18 article, of Canadian bilateral aid, is one of the worst risy.” human rights abusers in the world. “Canada one of the most hypocritical coun- tries in the world,” that “under Indonesian Page 62 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. rule, about 200,000 people from East Timor mated 1,000 people. He told the Ottawa NOVEMBER 12 IN OTTAWA have died from violence, famine or disease” Citizen that “Canada has one of the most is calculated to confuse. The exaggerated immoral policies in the world when it comes There are two quite different types of actions number of deaths to discredit Indonesia is to East Timor.” Canada speaks up for small occurring in Ottawa this Friday, November dishonest. Indonesia has never occupied countries like Haiti and Kuwait when it has 12 to commemorate the second anniversary East Timor, although 42,000 East Timorese nothing to lose, he added. But when it of the Santa Cruz Massacre in East Timor refugees streamed into Indonesia’s West comes to Indonesia, “which is a big trading when, according to an independent investi- Timor. partner, Canada shows its true colours – gation, 271 were listed as killed; 382 Regarding the Nov. 12, 1991, Dili inci- utter hypocrisy.” wounded and 250 “disappeared” while dent, the cause of the shooting was the Ramos Horta and ETAN representatives participating in a peaceful funeral proces- stabbing of an armed forces officer and the also met with officials from the department sion. The tiny island of East Timor has been wounding of a private. of external affairs and the Canadian Interna- living under brutal Indonesian occupation Security personnel defended themselves, tional Development Agency. Both govern- for 18 years. Indonesia is the third-largest resulting in the deaths of demonstrators. An ment agencies have a history of silence in recipient of Canadian foreign aid. investigation led to the public trials of the face of genocide committed by the Indo- Xanana Gusmão and two armed forces nesian armed forces in East Timor. 1) Candlelight Vigil for East Timor members. External has fostered Canada-Indonesia Friday, November 12 at 6:30 - 7:30 p.m. Bambang Mulyanto, trade and investment ties. Trade is projected Embassy of Indonesia, 287 MacLaren Information Section, Indonesian Embassy, to exceed $1 billion for the first time in Street, Ottawa Ottawa 1993, according to Statistics Canada. Cana- 2) Phone or Fax on November 12th dian investments in Indonesia, meanwhile, A) The Canadian government has a moral TORONTO VIGIL FOR PEACE are probably at least double that figure (one responsibility to do whatever it can to end IN EAST TIMOR Canadian company alone, Inco, has invest- this suffering. Ask the Director why Exter- ments worth $1 billion). nal Affairs does not support a free East THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11 ETAN is calling for a push to get the new Timor; and why has Canada not announced Liberal government to end its support for On November 12, 1991, Indonesian sol- a ban on arms sales to Indonesia. Please the Indonesian occupation of East Timor by phone or fax External Affairs to register diers opened fire on an unarmed crowd of (1) announcing a ban on weapons sales to East Timorese, killing 273 women, men and your concerns throughout the day on No- Indonesia, (2) slashing aid until East Timor vember 12. children. The massacre was just a small part is given its right to self-determination, and of a pattern of atrocities and blatant viola- (3) supporting peace talks under United Director, South-East Asia Relations, Exter- tions of human rights committed since Indo- Nations auspices that would include repre- nal Affairs, Phone: (613) 992-6807 Fax: nesia invaded East Timor in 1975. sentatives of the East Timorese people. (613) 996-4309 The East Timor Alert Network will mark The new minister of External Affairs will B) United Nations Security Council the second anniversary of this massacre be announced in early November. Letters Resolutions 384 and 398 call on Indonesia with a vigil at the Indonesian Consulate in can then be sent, postage free, c/o House of to withdraw their troops and to allow a UN Toronto. The vigil will start at 2 p.m. on Commons, Ottawa Ont., K1A 0A6. Please supervised vote on self-determination to Thursday, Nov. 11 and continue overnight also send a copy to Parliamentarians for take place. Ask the Indonesian ambassador until the start of business the following East Timor, c/o David Kilgour MP, at the why these resolutions are not being re- morning. The Consulate is located at 425 same address. spected. University Ave. (just south of Dundas). For details, call ETAN at 531-5850. Thanks, Ray! Indonesian Ambassador to Canada: Phone: East Timor Alert Network/Toronto The recent Liberal sweep resulted in de- (613) 236-7403 Fax: (613) 563-2858 PO Box 562, Station P, Toronto, Canada, feat for Ray Funk MP (Prince Albert- There will also be events ongoing at Ot- M5S 2T1 Churchill River), who has been a leading tawa’s two universities throughout the day. Phone/fax 1-416-531-5850, Email etan- member of Canadian Parliamentarians for Carleton University, in the UniCentre, will [email protected] East Timor for several years. Ray’s office be screening “Cold Blood” throughout the mailed out the ETAN newsletter and pro- day. Ottawa University will be holding ETAN/CANADA EAST TIMOR vided extensive office support, without information booths throughout its UniCen- which ETAN’s work would have been that tre during the day and holding a coffee house UPDATE NUMBER 27 much harder to carry out. The support of in the evening, all to commemorate the sec- Excerpts; only articles with information not Ray Funk, and other PET members who are ond anniversary of the Santa Cruz massacre. covered elsewhere are included here. not back in the new parliament will be For further information on any of the missed. above events, please contact either Kerry Canada accused of “hypocrisy” on Timor Parliamentarians for East Timor will Pither at (613) 230-3070, Peter Monet at “Canada is one of the most hypocritical carry on with its lobbying work, however. (613) 238-6933, or Sharon Scharfe at (613) countries in the world,” according to the Fourteen PET MPs from the Liberal and 822-1227. New Democratic parties are back in this overseas representative of East Timor’s REFLECTIONS ON CANDLELIGHT resistance movement. session, and we hope to sign up many more. VIGIL OUTSIDE INDONESIAN José Ramos Horta, special representative of the National Council of Maubere EMBASSY (Timorese) Resistance (CNRM), made the NOVEMBER 12, 1993 comments at an awareness benefit spon- NOTES: In preparation for this event, sored by the East Timor Alert Network in which I wanted to do entirely in cooperation downtown Ottawa and attended by an esti- with the police force(s), I contacted the East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 63

Ottawa Police Force, enquiring about a per- said 382 others were wounded in the attack Vigils were also held in Vancouver, Ham- mit (which, after several other calls, I was and 250 disappeared. Peter Monet, a dem- ilton ,Ontario, and Windsor, Ontario (where told was not necessary). Then out of the onstration organizer, said 200,000 people activists set up an 8-foot high cross outside blue, a few days later, the RCMP (Royal have been killed outright or have died in the office of Herb Gray, House Leader for Canadian Mounted Police) contacts me at prison camps since Indonesia took over the the newly-elected Liberal government). Fi- my temporary place of employment (an island. nally, “Cold Blood” was to be screened in unlisted number), asking me further details. I Sharon Scharfe, another organizer, said Calgary and Montreal. guess my answers were not satisfactory, for Canadian trade with Indonesia is expected to ETAN will be holding national events the RCMP saw fit to contact my employers reach $1 billion this year and Canadian again on December 7, the 18th anniversary at home and my parents that evening for companies have invested $2.5 billion in the of the invasion of East Timor. December 7 further details. country. plans include a petition presentation to On the day of the vigil, I was contacted “You would think that there would be Foreign Minister Andre’ Ouellet in Ottawa by both forces. I would be inclined to label massive outrage at the deaths in East Timor and a walk from the corporate head office of this as harassment. The event itself was because Canada is one of the top 10 provid- Inco Ltd. (the top Canadian investor in In- peaceful, attended by approximately 80 ers of aid to Indonesia,” Scharfe said. “But donesia) to the a downtown Bata Shoes people (in sub-zero temperatures), closely what happened was an incredible ethnocen- outlet (Bata is a Canadian corporation that watched by at least 10 embassy staff (who tric whitewash of the tragedy.” operates two factories in Java). arrived at the embassy shortly before the In the meantime, we continue to pressure crowd gathered for a meeting) and monitored NOVEMBER 12 IN CANADA – our new government to reverse Canada’s by five visible police officers (3 RCMP and SUMMARY OF shameful support for Indonesia by speaking 2 Ottawa Police). The embassy staff photo- out in international arenas like the United graphed the people in attendance; and video- COMMEMORATIONS Nations and linking aid to Indonesia to re- taped the entire event. spect for human rights. Report from East Timor Alert Net- The following is an article that appeared work/Toronto in The Ottawa Citizen today (November EAST TIMOR UPDATE, The East Timor Alert Network held vig- 13). It features a 6” x 3” photo of four of the NUMBER 28 “demonstrators,” two of whom are Maureen ils across Canada to mark the second anni- Davies daughters. versary of the Santa Cruz massacre. The November 28, 1993. From the East Timor – Sharon Scharfe, East Timor Alert Net- largest event was in Ottawa, where 80 peo- Alert Network/Canada. Excerpts. work/Ottawa ple gathered at the Indonesian Embassy for “East Timor Killings Commemorated” a candlelight vigil (a report was posted ear- Canadian solidarity lier by ETAN/Ottawa). by: Dave Rogers (Citizen staff writer) The East Timor Alert Network held vig- In Toronto, about 40 people attended ils across Canada to mark the second anni- Shielding their candles against the wind, some or all of a vigil that started at 2 p.m. versary of the Santa Cruz massacre. The 80 demonstrators shivered outside the Em- on November 11 at continued until 11 a.m. largest event was in Ottawa, where 80 peo- bassy of Indonesia Friday, in remembrance the following day, outside the Indonesian ple gathered at the Indonesian Embassy for of the slaying of 263 East Timorese who Consulate. The event received extensive a candlelight vigil at the Indonesian Em- were shot to death during a funeral proces- coverage on Portuguese-language media, bassy. East Timor supporters also phoned sion two years ago. including CFMT-TV and CHIN Radio, and and faxed the department of Foreign Affairs East Timor, the eastern part of the island was also featured on CFTO-TV. On the throughout the day, and both Ottawa’s of Timor in the south Pacific, has been living morning on November 12, a delegation of universities hosted information tables. under Indonesian occupation for 18 years. East Timor supporters spoke with a repre- In Toronto, about 40 people attended Indonesia invaded the former Portuguese sentative of the Consulate, who indicated some or all of a vigil that started at 2 p.m. colony after Portugal granted the island its his willingness to meet again. on November 11 at continued until 11 a.m. independence. On November 13, the Commissao para la the following day, outside the Indonesian Indonesian troops shot people in a fu- Libertacao de Timor Leste presented a night Consulate. On November 13, a night of neral procession in Dili, the capital of East of theatre and music in Toronto’s Portu- theatre and music for East Timor was held Timor, in November 1991, claiming a soldier guese community. It included a dramatiza- in Toronto’s Portuguese community. had been stabbed and they were acting in tion of the trial of Xanana Gusmão, with In Guelph 40 people came out to a show- self-defence. The shootings led to world- Xanana’s defence speech the text for much ing of the film “Cold Blood” and then joined wide protests at Indonesia’s actions. of the dramatization. Leading artists from a candlelight walk to the Cenotaph. Vigils Vigils were also held in Toronto, Guelph, the community also performed, and the were also held in Vancouver, Hamilton and Windsor and Vancouver. audience was also happy to hear the Tetun Windsor (where activists set up an 8-foot Kerry Pither, a spokeswoman for the and English songs of Abé’ & Aloz. The high cross outside the office of Herb Gray, East Timor Alert Network, said the demon- event received good Portuguese-language House Leader for the newly-elected Liberal stration was intended to show the Indone- media attention, and was filmed by organiz- government). Finally, “Cold Blood” was to sian government that Canadians haven’t ers. be screened in Calgary and Montreal. forgotten the killings. The Canadian gov- In Guelph, Ontario, 40 people came out ETAN will be holding national events ernment has never supported sanctions to a showing of the film “Cold Blood” and again on December 7, the 18th anniversary against Indonesia proposed at the United then joined a candlelight walk to the Ceno- of the invasion of East Timor. Nations because Canada has billions of dol- taph. Most local radio stations, and the local With a new government in office, the lars invested in Indonesia, Pither said. newspaper, covered the walk. The turnout chances of ending Canada’s 18- year record As the demonstrators watched a slide was unusually large for a Friday night in the of silence in the face of Indonesian genocide show on East Timor, Pither read off the small university town. in East Timor have never been better. names of the people killed in Dili. Pither ETAN asks all supporters, once again, to Page 64 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. write to the Minister of Foreign Affairs to Indonesia was also prevented from buy- ask for (1) Canadian support for interna- EVENTS IN THE ing US made jet fighters from Jordan last tional efforts to resolve the situation in East UNITED STATES July after Washington objected to the move, Timor peacefully, (2) Canada to speak out saying that it was dissatisfied with Indone- for human rights in East Timor, and to call sia’s human rights record. on Indonesia to respect numerous United MIT EVENT: THE The US Senate is currently considering Nations resolutions on East Timor, and (3) FORGOTTEN TRAGEDY OF linking future arms sales to Indonesia with Canada to put human rights ahead of trade improvements in the situation in East in our links with Indonesia. Steps that EAST TIMOR Timor. Congress last month also agreed to should be taken include a ban on weapons freeze, for the second year running, US mili- sales and making aid, trade and investment “The Lessons of the tary training aid for Indonesian officers. conditional on Indonesia’s human rights East Timor Tragedy” Jakarta has denied the accusations of hu- record in East Timor. Noam Chomsky man rights and labour rights violations and Write to Foreign Affairs Minister Andre has responded to US pressure by reiterating MIT Institute Professor Ouellet (postage free) at House of Com- its long-standing claim that it will not accept mons, Ottawa Ont., K1A 0A6, with a copy Tuesday, October 12, 8pm any foreign aid that carries political strings. to Parliamentarians for East Timor, c/o MIT Room 26-100 (follow directions Barry stressed that the promotion of de- David Kilgour MP, at the same address. from MIT’s main entrance mocracy and human rights in Indonesia has Other MPs worth writing to: Prime Minis- At 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, always been central to US foreign policy ter Jean Chretien, Secretary of State for Asia MA) here since the founding of the republic. Pacific Affairs Raymond Chan, Opposition Special appearance by Constâncio Pinto, These issues are closely linked with eco- leader Lucien Bouchard, and NDP critic former secretary of CNRM, the National nomic development, he said. “Our support Svend Robinson. Council for Maubere Resistance. of democracy and human rights is more than New! – The Indonesia Kit Organized by the East Timor Action a self-centered wish to see others in our own Network (ETAN), the Portuguese Students image. Rather, it derives from a fundamental ETAN has just published the second edi- Association of MIT and the Center for In- observation that democracy and respect for tion of The Indonesia Kit, an informative ternational Studies at MIT. human rights promotes - indeed, forms the 44-page primer on Indonesian history and basis of - economic growth and international politics with a focus on human rights and security.” the environment, written from a Canadian US, INDONESIA NEED OPEN He recalled that in the late 1940s, Wash- perspective. It is available for $8 from DIALOGUE: AMBASSAD OR ington put pressure on the Dutch to re-open ETAN/Vancouver or your local ETAN negotiations with the Indonesian independ- group. ETAN also has “Free East Timor” Jakarta Post, Oct. 28. Abridged ence fighters by threatening to withhold the T-shirts, buttons and bumper stickers for Comment: Interesting to know that the US Netherlands Marshall Plan aid if they did sale. ambassador feels it necessary to draw atten- not do so. Demonstration in Toronto tion to the three issues currently dogging US-Indonesia relations. – TAPOL Indonesia out of East Timor! Link In- U.S. COMMEMORATIONS OF vestment to Human Rights JAKARTA (JP): The United States and DILI MASSACRE In December 1975, Indonesia invaded Indonesia have brought their relationship to East Timor. Canada has consistently sup- a level where open dialogue is the primary On November 12, 1991, more than 270 East ported Indonesia, most notably as a top forum for settling disputes, US Ambassador Timorese people were killed when Indone- investor (Inco alone has invested $1 billion) Robert L Barry said yesterday. sian soldiers opened fire on a peaceful me- and trading partner (trade is expected to hit Barry, depicting the relationship as the morial procession. Join us in remembering $1 billion in strongest it has ever been, acknowledged them and the 200,000 others who have died 1993). Now, Canada wants to expand that serious problems exist between the two as a result of 18 years of US-supported economic ties with Indonesia, a leading “Pa- governments. Indonesian invasion and occupation. cific Rim growth economy.” The govern- “However, it is most encouraging to me ment plans to link aid to human rights, but that our overall relationship is strong enough New York: Interfaith Memorial Service is not considering the same linkage for trade that we can tolerate a dialogue on such sen- Thursday, November 11. 4:30 pm, and investment. It should. sitive topics, that we can tell our concerns Church Center for the United Nations, 777 On December 11, we will rally to mark to each other as friends,” he said at a lunch- UN Plaza (First Avenue & 44th St.), New the 18th anniversary of this invasion. We eon organised by the Indonesian Executive York City will also ask Canadian corporations and the Circle. Contact: East Timor Action Net- government of Canada to put human rights He cited human rights, labour rights and work/US, Box 1182, White Plains, NY ahead of profits. Please join us. the situation in East Timor as the three main 10602; (914)428-7299 or (718)788-6071 fax Sat. 11 December, 1 p.m. at Inco head- sticking points between the two nations. (914)428-7383, e-mail: quarters (Royal Trust Tower, King & These issues, which have all received [email protected]. York), Toronto wide media coverage in recent months, have Los Angeles East Timor Alert Network/Toronto created friction between the two govern- PO Box 562, Station P, ments. Nov. 12 Protest at Indonesian Consulate, Toronto, Canada, M5S 2T1 Washington, for example, has threatened 3457 Wilshire Blvd. Contact ETAN/LA Phone/fax 1-416-531-5850, Email etan- to end trade privileges to Indonesia, under 310-396-4624. e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] the Generalized System of Preferences Washington, DC: ((GSP), unless Jakarta improves its labour Indonesian Embassy, 2020 Massachu- record. setts Ave. NW East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 65

Nov. 12, Solidarity Protest: from 12:30 and gave words of encouragement as “to a success in that we made contact with a to 8:00 pm or so, with people especially resist is to win.” The names of those killed number of Indonesians in Los Angeles and encouraged to come after 5:30. A vigil/fast in at Santa Cruz cemetery two years ago were exposed them to a perspective that they solidarity with those still in prison in con- read and candles were lit in their memory. might not have otherwise read. nection with Santa Cruz memorial ser- We left with the music of Agio Pereira The article was written by a Indonesian vice/demonstration will run concurrently, “Um momento de silencio” (‘a moment of professor in Java, G.J. Aditjondro. If any- starting at 4:00pm on Thursday, Nov. 11 silence’). one would like a copy of the article, please and running until 4:00 pm, Saturday, No- email us at [email protected]. NOVEMBER 12 IN LOS ANGELES vember 13. —————— Emergency Coalition to Free East On Friday, November 12th, 15-20 peo- 12 November 1993 Timorese Political Prisoners. Contact: ple gathered in front of the Indonesian Con- Mr. Haridadi Sudjono ETAN/DC 301-593-4305 (call btn. 9am - sulate in Los Angeles to commemorate the Consul General 9pm) or 202- 784-8120.email: simp- second anniversary of the Santa Cruz Mas- Consulate of Indonesia [email protected] sacre in East Timor. 3457 Wilshire Blvd. Seattle Representatives of the Portuguese com- Los Angeles, CA 90010 munity, the East Timor Action Network of Please also note that protests will take Los Angeles, Pax Christi of Southern Cali- Dear Mr. Sudjono: place against Indonesian President Suharto fornia, and the War Resisters League par- We have gathered today at the Indonesian when he visits Seattle for the APEC (Asia ticipated in a memorial service on the steps Consulate to commemorate the anniversary Pacific Economic Community) Summit. of the Indonesian Consulate. of the tragedy that took place on 12 No- Events include: The ceremony included a benediction by vember 1991 at the Santa Cruz Cemetery in VIGIL FOR EAST TIMOR, Friday, Fr. Giles Asbury, the Episcopal chaplain at Dili, East Timor. We are here to pay respect November, 4:00 pm at 15th Ave. E., border- UCLA, followed by the reading of the to the memory of the 273 people who were ing Volunteer Park, Seattle. sponsored by: names of the 273 casualties of the Massacre. killed that day as well as of the over East Timor Action Network/Seattle and At the end of the ceremony, participants 200,000 East Timorese who have died as a Amnesty International Group 94. Meet presented a letter (text below) and some result of the December 1975 Indonesian outside Red & Black Books, 15th & Repub- flowers to a consular representative in invasion and ongoing occupation of the for- lican to march to Volunteer Park. PLEASE memory of the more than 200,000 East mer Portuguese colony. We also are here to BRING: A flashlight or rain/wind-resistant Timorese and 15,000 Indonesian soldiers pay our respects to the over 15,000 mem- candles, and a sign if possible. A few sug- that have died since the 1975 invasion. bers of the Indonesian Armed Forces gestions: Free East Timor; Indonesia Out of In the middle of the reading of the names, (ABRI) who have died in Your Govern- East Timor ; No Trade with Indonesia the Indonesian Consulate sent out their ment’s campaign to subjugate East Timor. Without Freedom in East Timor ; $ for In- security guard with four cans of Coca-Cola Indonesia is a country of rich cultural di- donesia = Blood in East Timor; 200,000 to offer us. We all politely declined. The versity and, as one of the initiators of the dead in East Timor. Wear warm clothing. apparent level of surveillance was lower Non-Aligned Movement which Indonesia November 20, Coalition rally: Join the than usual. Later a consular official gave us now chairs, holds a position of high esteem East Timor Action Network/Seattle during some of the Indonesian government’s litera- in the international community. It is there- the coalition march and rally: The Hidden ture on East Timor. fore unfortunate that Indonesia’s reputation Costs of Free Trade; Saturday, Nov. 20. While consular officials did take a few has become increasingly tarnished because Meet at: IBEW building LOCAL 46, 2700 photos of us, they did not call (as they usu- of its involvement in East Timor. 1st Ave. downtown (by the Labor Temple). ally do) the Los Angeles Police Department. Fortunately, there are alternatives to the Start march at 11:00am to Westlake Center However, they did call the U.S. State Dept. status quo and ways in which we can end for rally at 11:30am - 1:00pm. Contact: police – one of whom showed up and the needless deaths of our East Timorese ETAN/Seattle (206)547-7802; email: mari- stayed inside the lobby socializing with and Indonesian brothers and sisters. We [email protected]. some of the consular officials. respectfully suggest that the Government of NOVEMBER 12 IN SAN FRANCISCO Before and after the ceremony, partici- Indonesia begin internationally-supervised pants handed out fliers to passersby and an negotiations with Portugal and with the From Clara Landeiro, East Timor Action article in Bahasa Indonesia to individuals people of East Timor, including the Network/San Francisco Bay Area entering the building that houses the consu- C.N.R.M. and the East Timorese Catholic ([email protected]) late, Garuda Airlines, and the Indonesian Church, with the goal of holding a plebiscite On the morning of November 12 we Tourist Bureau. on self-determination that would conform to stood once again in front of the Indonesian Members of ETAN/L.A. were also pre- international legal and human rights stan- Consulate in San Francisco to send the mes- sent on the evenings of Thursday, Friday dards. sage that we did and do not forget those and Saturday (11-13 November) at UCLA’s We would appreciate it if you would who died two years ago, and those who are Royce Hall where Indonesian choreographer convey our sentiments to the appropriate still in prison or have disappeared. Sardono and his dance troupe were perform- authorities of the Government of the Re- The consulate only remained open for ing. Standing off to the sidelines, public of Indonesia. one hour, and then they shut down as more ETAN/L.A. members held signs in Bahasa Please accept our most cordial and re- people were arriving. - We had passed the Indonesia reminding Indonesian speakers spectful regards. word, but did not publicize in advance, that that 12 November was the anniversary of For the East Timor Action Network of the concentration would be from noon to the “Dili incident” and inviting them to read Los Angeles, 1:00pm. About twenty people participated. an article on East Timor (the same one we Dr. Lisabeth Ryder, Co-Coordinator At noon we gathered in a circle in front of distributed in front of the consulate). While Matthew Jardine, Co-Coordinator the gate, and each one of the three priests only 30-40 individuals asked for articles present (1 Catholic, 2 Protestant) prayed over the three evenings, the distribution was Page 66 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

TIMOR ADVOCATE TO LEAD Talbert called on the NCC to embrace the rights and has threatened to revoke trade world, to bridge the many gaps between privileges under the Generalized System of NATIONAL COUNCIL OF people, and to enter into the struggle of Preferences unless Indonesia improves its CHURCHES humanity and speak on behalf of those who record by February. suffer. Indonesia’s exports to the U.S. last year By Anne Treseder, ETAN/San Francisco, The National Council of Churches is were valued at more than $4.3 billion. About December 6, 1993 composed of 32 different Protestant and $642 million in goods were subject to Gen- Bishop Melvin Talbert, spiritual leader Orthodox denominations in the United eralized System of Preference rates. of the United Methodist Church in North- States. More than 48 million U.S. Christians Indonesia recognizes only one major un- ern California and Western Nevada, was belong to churches that hold membership in ion, the All Indonesian Workers Associa- elected President-elect of the National the Council. tion. Last July, Jakarta barred the nation’s Council of Churches (NCC) last month at largest independent trade union, the Indone- the annual meeting of that organization. US SENATE VISITORS sia Welfare Union, from meeting. Bishop Talbert, who will assume the presi- COMING The move sparked a global wave of criti- dency of the National Council in 1996, is a cism from human rights activists. strong advocate of human rights and self- WASHINGTON, Dec. 3 (Reuter) - A International organizations and Indone- determination for East Timor. U.S. Senate delegation will visit China, Viet- sian human rights activists have for years Bishop Talbert was installed at the his- nam, Thailand and Indonesia next month, accused the government of restricting and toric Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Senate Energy Committee Chairman Bennett abusing human rights. Church in Baltimore, Maryland, on Novem- Johnston said Friday. The United States recently blocked the ber 10, 1993, during a service attended by The Louisiana Democrat will head the sale of U.S.-built F-5E jet fighters by Jordan Archbishop William H. Keeler, President of delegation, which is expected to include to Indonesia, citing Jakarta’s widely criti- the National Conference of Catholic Bish- about a dozen senators. The others have not cized human rights record in the former ops, and other religious dignitaries. been named. Portuguese colony of East Timor. In a August 27, 1993 pastoral letter to The two-week trip will begin January 2 Some foreign governments, including that Methodists in California and Nevada, and will include stops in Beijing, Guang- of the United States, curtailed military co- Bishop Talbert discussed the tragic recent zhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta operation with Indonesia after Jakarta’s history of East Timor and asked local and Chaing Mai, Thailand. troops fired into a crowd of mourners at a Methodist churches to take up the issue of “The development of this region offers cemetery in the East Timor provincial capi- East Timor “as a priority.” He urged Meth- unparalleled opportunities for the United tal of Dili in 1991, killing scores of protest- odists to write to their Senators and Repre- States to promote some of our most impor- ers. sentatives and request a cut-off of U.S. arms tant objectives,” Johnston said in a state- Judono said Brown and Kantor’s visit sales to Indonesia until Indonesia complies ment. was not yet confirmed and its timing would with UN resolutions and withdraws from He said China was expected to add 150 depend on their schedule. East Timor. power plants by the year 2000, giving U.S. Talbert reminded readers that the Cali- companies the chance for up to $50 billion fornia-Nevada Annual Conference of the in contracts for electrical generation equip- APEC CONFERENCE United Methodist Church had recently ment. MEETS IN SEATTLE passed a strong resolution calling for a cut- off of ALL aid and arms sales to Indonesia U.S. OFFICIALS EXPECTED until Indonesia withdraws its forces from HIGHLIGHT EAST TIMOR East Timor and allows a UN-supervised TO VISIT INDONESIA AT APEC referendum there. “We need to follow 9 Dec. 93 through on this resolution,” he said. Leaflet distributed by ETAN/Seattle. “We must reach out and help the long- JAKARTA (UPI) – U.S. Commerce Sec- suffering people of East Timor,” he wrote. retary Ron Brown and U.S. Trade Repre- “I appeal to President Clinton to press Ja- “Rarely have a people been so abused, so sentative Mickey Kantor are expected to karta to accept dialogue [...] in search for an forgotten, and so in need of our help as the visit Indonesia next year. The two are ex- internationally acceptable solution” Timorese.” Writing this fall in SEQUOIA, pected to arrive before Washington makes a – Xanana Gusmão, jailed East-Timorese the Journal of the Northern California Ecu- decision on trade benefits for Indonesian leader menical Council, Bishop Talbert, who is goods entering the U.S. market. (Defense Plea, 27 March 1993) African American, again advocated educa- Trade Minister S.B. Judono was quoted “All peoples have the right to self- tion and concrete action on behalf of East by the official Indonesian news agency determination” Timor: Antara as saying Brown and Kantor planned “I am hopeful that other religious bodies to observe Indonesia’s labor conditions and –UN Declaration on Decolonization, 1960 human rights record. and leaders will also involve themselves. VIGIL FOR EAST TIMOR Together, we can save a nation and rescue a Indonesia’s record on labor and human people. We in the United States have lever- rights issues are key concerns of U.S. Presi- FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 4:00 PM age with the aggressor and occupier of East dent Bill Clinton’s administration. 15th Ave. E., bordering Volunteer Park, Timor. We must persuade the Indonesian “They (Brown and Kantor) are expected Seattle sponsored by: East Timor Action government to end its occupation of East to visit before the U.S. government issues a Network/Seattle and Amnesty International Timor, just as we persuaded the South Afri- decision on whether Washington lifts trade Group 94 can government to end apartheid.” benefits on Feb. 14 next year,” Judono said. President Clinton will meet Indonesia’s Speaking to NCC Board members on the Washington has accused Jakarta of failing President Suharto and other Asian leaders at morning following his election, Bishop to provide internationally recognized labor a reception in the Asian Art Museum, Vol- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 67 unteer Park, during the Asian Pacific Eco- longer apologize for their authoritarianism as Some argue that Confucianism, a 2,000- nomic Cooperation (APEC) Summit. an unfortunate necessity en route to eco- year-old tradition of strong central authority Indonesia brutally invaded East Timor in nomic success. based on a paternalistic bureaucracy, will 1975 and has since maintained a regime of Having posted some of the world’s fast- combine with modern business and eco- repression and human rights abuse that has est economic growth rates over the last dec- nomic precepts to prove the superior model led to the killing of an estimated 200,000 ade, these countries now have the political for social advancement in the 21st Century. people, one-third of the population. Tor- confidence to reject U.S. concern about their “It is clear that the so-called East Asian ture, disappearances and illegal trials of East human rights records. miracle economies have departed from the Timorese are common practice. Access by This island city-state’s standard of living development path taken by the established human rights groups and the International already exceeds that of parts of Western industrial states in the West,” said Anwar Committee of the Red Cross are severely Europe. Unemployment is nil, and Singa- Ibrahim, Malaysia’s finance minister and the restricted. The United Nations does not pore’s 2.8 million well-housed and well-fed likely successor to Prime Minister Mahathir recognize Indonesian sovereignty over East people live in a pristine urban setting of Mohamad. “There is a conspicuous absence Timor. clean streets, efficient public services and of corrosive individualism.” The APEC Summit comes soon after the minimal crime. These competing visions of human rights grim anniversary of the November 12, 1991 But the government runs the three free may not be on the official agenda next week massacre of 273 peaceful demonstrators at TV channels, the three pay channels and when the 15 leaders from the Asia-Pacific the Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili, East Timor, nine of 12 radio stations. All newspapers Economic Cooperation Forum meet in Seat- by the Indonesian armed forces. have close ties to the ruling People’s Action tle. But they undoubtedly will be major Come to commemorate the victims of Party, and news is controlled rigidly. The topics of conversation behind closed doors. this massacre. Join us to send a message to opposition party regularly is denied permits Although home markets and inter-Asian Presidents Clinton and Suharto that there for meetings and rallies. Opposition politi- trade are growing in importance, the U.S. can be no free trade with Indonesia while cians are sued by government officials for remains the No. 1 export market for virtu- there is no freedom in East Timor. “defamatory allegations,” and they lose in ally all the rapidly developing countries of Meet outside Red & White Books, 15th the courts. Asia. And unlike the Reagan and Bush ad- E. & Republican to march to Volunteer “With a few exceptions, democracy has ministrations, the Clinton team has thrown Park. not brought good government to developing the wild card of human rights onto the trad- PLEASE BRING: A flashlight or countries,” Lee told a conference in Tokyo ing table. rain/wind-resistant candles, and a sign if last year. “Democracy has not led to devel- So far, China has been the focal point. possible. A few suggestions: “Free East opment because the governments did not The president in July grudgingly extended Timor"; “Indonesia Out of East Timor"; establish the stability and discipline neces- most-favored-nation trading status to China “No Trade with Indonesia Without Freedom sary for development.” for one year. In recent weeks, administration in East Timor"; “$ for Indonesia = Blood in With a new administration in Washington officials have signaled that Clinton wants to East Timor"; “200,000 dead in East Timor.” putting renewed emphasis on human rights, improve relations with the nominally Com- Wear warm clothing. leaders from around the region have begun munist country, which has the world’s larg- MARCH AND RALLY “THE HIDDEN embracing this alternative vision of human est population and its fastest growing econ- COSTS OF FREE TRADE” Saturday, rights. omy. Nov. 20, 11:30 am; Westlake Center In part they are driven by fear that China But the crackdowns in China are getting will be splintered by the centrifugal forces worse, according to human rights activists. Join the East Timor Action Net- of its unbridled capitalism, with devastating The government recently passed regulations work/Seattle for a march and massive cap- political consequences for the region. to curb the proliferation of satellite dishes stone rally in coordination with other Asia- They also fear the consequences for and, after losing its bid to host the 2000 Pacific human rights groups, and several themselves. The loudest complaints about Olympic Games, jailed a number of promi- labor rights and environmental groups in the U.S. human rights challenge have come nent dissidents. protest of the APEC conference. from those countries where ruling parties The U.S. also is threatening to withdraw Meet at: IBEW building LOCAL 46, and dominant figures have been in power for preferential tariff treatment for imports 2700 1st Ave. downtown (by the Labor decades, and where the problems of political from Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. Temple). Start march at 11:00am to West- succession are most pressing: China, Indo- “Labor conditions are worsening,” said lake Center for rally at 11:30am-1:00pm nesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Frans Winarta, secretary of the Indonesian Contact: East Timor Action Net- Moreover, they’ve started to train their Legal Aid Foundation. “Freedom of associa- work/Seattle: (206)547-7802, or Friends of guns on the West. tion isn’t there, even though it is in our con- the Earth: (206)633-1661. They reject the West’s rampant individu- stitution. The government is always pro- alism and they blame stress on personal moting low labor costs to attract foreign ASIAN NATIONS TAKE OWN rights for the decay of U.S. society. News investment. What we need is clean govern- TAC K ON RIGHTS of America’s crime, racial conflict, troubled ment instead of blaming workers.” families, declining competitiveness and The targeted governments respond that CHICAGO TRIBUNE, November 8, 1993. chronic deficits prominently is displayed, they have to hold down labor unrest because By Merrill Goozner, Tribune Staff Writer. often brought to local citizens by the same of the stiffening competition to attract for- The usual rejoinder to U.S. complaints satellite news feeds their governments so eign investment. about human rights abuses in Asia has been rigidly control. “It was the prime minister who insisted that economic development must come first. These leaders are trumpeting an Asian there be no labor unions in the electronics No more. morality, bas ed on strong families, social industry,” said Ghazali Bin Atan, executive Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew and several cohesion through group discipline and a director of Malaysia’s Institute for Strategic other regional leaders have turned strong society where the needs of the many take and International Studies. “We don’t want central authority into a virtue. They no precedence over the rights of the individual. any disruptions in that area. We have to be Page 68 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. very practical. It’s given lots of jobs to “the gala reception of shame” for Asia- [email protected] people and it’s raised incomes.” Pacific leaders. The group will assemble DU Last April in Bangkok, a human rights outside of Red and Black Books on 15th A media room will be available to journal- convention of Southeast Asian nations Ave and Republican at 4 pm. Protesters ists interested in human rights, environ- branded the U.S. human rights offensive an intend to collapse pretending to be shot as mental, and labor issues in the Asia-Pacific unwelcome intervention in internal affairs. the presidential motorcade passes. ETAN region. The room, sponsored by Friends of (Asia is the only region in the world without also will join other human rights, environ- the Earth, will be available for use Novem- a regional commission on human rights.) mental, and labor organizations in a major ber 13-20th, at the Washington Environ- Not surprisingly, that view has gotten capstone rally to highlight the “Hidden mental Council - 1100 2nd Ave, Suite 102, the support of U.S. business in the region, Costs of Free Trade” between 11:30 am and Seattle 98101. Phone #: (206) 233-9678, which has lobbied quietly against the ad- 1 pm on Saturday, November 20, at West- Modem #: (206) 233-9682, Fax #: (206) ministration’s human rights tack. “We can lake Mall in downtown Seattle. The keynote 233-9820 do more good spreading our values and cul- speakers are to be announced. ture by operating in these countries,” said Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 SENATORS ASK CLINTON Jeff Dryjanski, vice president of Motorola and annexed it into Indonesia the next year Electronics PTE Ltd. in Singapore. despite significant local resistance. Human TO RAISE EAST TIMOR AT Japan has been another voice of modera- rights groups say that as many as 200,000 APEC tion, publicly supporting human rights goals people–or one-third of the pre-invasion but cautioning that better results can be population–perished by extra-judicial execu- FEINGOLD LETTER TO CLINTON, achieved through diplomacy rather than tion or strife-related starvation, and that SIGNED BY 37 SENATORS, URGES sanctions. Tokyo not only wants to foster arbitrary detention and torture are still ram- DISCUSSION OF EAST TIMOR its rapidly growing investments in the re- pant in the occupied territory. Indonesian DURING APEC CONFERENCE gion, but has a visceral fear of the breakup military security is reported to be tighter Wednesday, November 17, 1993 of China, which looms as the largest long- than usual this week to prevent public dis- term threat to its security. sent during the anniversary of the November (Washington, D.C.) – Sen. Russ Feingold “There is a feeling on the part of some 12, 1991 Santa Cruz massacre. The United (D-Wisconsin) today released a letter sent Asian leaders we should loosen up, that we Nations has never recognized Indonesian to President Clinton urging him to raise have sacrificed too much individual freedom sovereignty over East Timor and has passed concerns about the situation in East Timor in pursuit of economic development,” said numerous resolutions calling for Indonesia with Indonesian President Suharto during Tommy Koh, ambassador at large for Singa- to withdraw immediately from East Timor the Asia Pacific Economic Conference pore. “But we will move cautiously.” and to allow the East Timorese the right to (APEC) starting tomorrow in Seattle. Fein- self-determination. These resolutions, unlike gold’s letter was signed by a bipartisan similar ones issued against Iraq following its group of 37 Senators. CLINTON: DON’T INDULGE “Over the past few months we’ve shed DICTATORS AT APEC invasion of Kuwait, have never been en- forced. The US bears considerable guilt for some additional light on the situation in East the invasion and subsequent killings, say Timor,” said Feingold, a member of the Sen- Press Release from ETAN/US, November ate Foreign Relations Committee, “but we 12, 1993 ETAN members, because President Ford had given President Suharto the green light need to keep up the pressure.” While President Clinton meets cordially for the invasion and President Carter con- In their letter to Clinton, the Senators with Indonesian President Suharto during tinued to ship Indonesia counter-insurgency applauded the actions of the Administration the APEC conference in Seattle this week, aircraft and other high-tech weaponry to use on behalf of human rights in East Timor but the people of East Timor will be silently against the resistance there. pointed out that the State Department and remembering the second anniversary of the The United States Congress cut military several human rights organizations continue Santa Cruz massacre, when the Indonesian training aid to Indonesia in the wake of the to report that the human rights situation in army opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Santa Cruz massacre, but the U.S. continues East Timor is abysmal. Timorese independence protesters and to supply arms to Jakarta. Some members Feingold and his colleagues urged the mourners, killing over two hundred and of congress advocate cutting arms sales to President to “raise our concerns (about con- wounding many more. Indonesia until it allows human rights or- tinued human rights violations) and reiterate “It’s appalling that President Clinton ganizations into the territory to monitor the the need for an authentic long-term solution plans to warmly welcome a dictatorial situation, and to allow the Timorese the to the Timor tragedy under the auspices of president-for-life who is directly responsi- right to self-determination, but fear of isolat- the United Nations.” ble for mass murder in order to promote free ing a lucrative trade partner make others Feingold was joined by Senators Dave trade, and only bring up the repression in more hesitant. Durenberger (R- MN), Claiborne Pell (D- East Timor as an afterthought at best,” said “At the very least, President Clinton RI), Paul Sarbanes (D-MD), Byron Dorgan David Barnes of the East Timor Action should express in no uncertain terms that (D- ND), Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY), Network. Members of ETAN in Seattle say the United States can no longer stand by in Edward Kennedy (D-MA), Malcolm Wal- they don’t plan to let the irony of the coin- complicity while the right of the East lop (R-WY), Barbara Boxer (D-CAL), Al- cidence of the massacre and the APEC con- Timorese to self-determination is being vio- fonse D’Amato (R-NY), Joe Lieberman (D- ference go unnoticed. lently repressed,” says Jef Bekes of ETAN CT), Harris Wofford (D-PA), Tom Harkin ETAN, in co-ordination with Amnesty in Portland. “Giving Suharto a nod and a (D-IA), Paul Simon (D-IL), Patrick Leahy International Group 94, plans to hold a wink during APEC would mean nothing but (D-VT), Paul Wellstone (D-MN), Jay candle light vigil for the victims of human more torture and more killing of the East Rockefeller (D-W. VA), Bill Bradley (D- rights abuses in East Timor outside of Vol- Timorese.” NJ), Herb Kohl (D-WI), Frank Lautenberg unteer Park between 4-6 pm on Friday, Contact Mariza, ETAN/Seattle (206) (D-NJ), John Chafee (R-RI), Don Riegle (D- November 19 during what members called 547-7802, MI), Barbara Mikulski (D-MD), Ben East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 69

Nighthorse Campbell (D-CO), Chris Dodd ber 1991, nor have civilians convicted in and wounding hundreds. The Santa Cruz (D-CT), Chuck Grassley (R-IA), Dale connection with the peaceful demonstration massacre was filmed by a British cameraman Bumpers (D-ARK), Jim Sasser (D- TN), of November 12, 1991, been treated in ac- and appeared on network television in the Richard Bryan (D-NEV), Carl Levin (D- cordance with international human rights United States. At least 100,000 people had MI), Jeff Bingaman (D- NM), Daniel Akaka standards. already perished from war-related causes (D-HI), John Kerry (D-MA), Tom Daschle When you and members of your Admini- well before the Santa Cruz massacre drew (D-SD), Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL), stration meet with President Suharto and world notice. Indonesia invaded and illegally Mark Hatfield (R-OR), and Joe Biden (D- other high-level Indonesian officials at the occupied East Timor in l975 in defiance of DE) in sending the letter to Clinton. APEC conference, we hope that you will United Nations resolutions. Senators Nancy Kassebaum (R-KS) and raise our concerns and reiterate the need for “We believe that a lasting resolution of Bob Graham (D-FL) added their names too an authentic long-term solution to the Timor these problems is in the interest of overall late to be included. tragedy under the auspices of the United U.S.-Indonesian political, economic and The text follows: Nations. Such a solution should be “in pur- business relations,” the Congress members suit of the right of self-determination” for stated, citing Indonesia’s illegal occupation United States Senate East Timor, as endorsed by the U.S. Senate of East Timor and a wide range of brutal Washington, DC 20510 in a November 1991 resolution. practices, including harassment of the Ro- November 15, l993 We emphasize our support for the man Catholic Church in East Timor. President William J. Clinton United Nations talks between Indonesia and Calling for the release of East Timorese The White House Portugal. We were encouraged by the Sep- jailed in connection with the Nov. l991 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest tember 17 joint United Nations communiqué demonstration, they noted that “the alleged Washington, DC 20520 between Portugal and Indonesia calling for leaders of the demonstration received sen- Dear Mr. President, specific steps to be taken to secure the tences roughly ten times as harsh as the As you prepare for the Asia Pacific Eco- rights of the East Timorese, such as freer Indonesian security forces charged with nomic Conference (APEC) economic sum- access for international humanitarian and carrying out the shooting” of hundreds of mit in Seattle from November 17-20, we are human rights groups,. Implementation of people at Santa Cruz cemetery. The House writing to urge you to take the opportunity this agreement, as well as the withdrawal of members noted that harsh repression con- to underscore the need for serious action to Indonesian troops, release of East Timorese tinues in East Timor, with hundreds resolve the conflict in the former Portuguese political prisoners, and the granting of mean- rounded up, beaten and tortured before and colony of East Timor, which was invaded ingful autonomy to East Timor, would help after a recent visit of US Congressional aides by Indonesia in 1975, and has been the foster an environment of peace and recon- to the territory. scene of widespread and severe human ciliation in East Timor. Hopefully, negotiat- In addition to Hall, the letter was spon- rights abuses ever since. ing an agreement will be a matter of priority. sored by the leaders of the Congressional We believe that a just resolution in East We recognize the long-term friendship Human Rights Caucus, Rep. Tom Lantos Timor could create a better atmosphere for between the United States and the Republic (D-Cal) and Rep. John Edward Porter (R- both American and Indonesian business of Indonesia, dating back to the strong sup- Ill), plus Rep. Ron Machtley (R-RI). Rep. interests, as well as for U.S.-Indonesian port of the U.S. Senate on behalf of Indone- Hall has led Congressional activity on East relations in general. sia during its struggle for independence from Timor since he came to the House of Repre- We applaud your Administration’s ac- the Netherlands during the l940’s. It is in sentatives in 1979. tions on behalf of human rights in East the spirit of this historical link in which we The following is the text of the letter Timor. We are grateful that in your discus- ask for your continued support for East sent to President Clinton by l01 Mem- sions with President Suharto during the G-7 Timor, human rights, and prosperous trade bers of the U.S. House of Representa- meeting, you raised the issue of East Timor. relations between our two countries. tives before the APEC Summit Meeting: We also appreciate the position taken by Nov. 16, l993 your Administration at the United Nations 101 HOUSE MEMBERS Dear Mr. President, Human Rights Commission in Geneva in PETITION CLINTON March, when the United States co- For some time, many of us have been sponsored a resolution strongly condemning ON EAST TIMOR deeply concerned over the tragic situation in human rights abuses in East Timor and call- East Timor, the predominantly Roman The following is the text of a press release ing for greater U.N. involvement in the con- Catholic former Portuguese colony which issued by Rep. Hall’s office on November flict. was illegally invaded and annexed by Indo- 19. Contact: Michael Gessel (202) 225-6465 Nevertheless, the State Department and nesia in l975. Our concern was heightened in several human rights organizations continue Washington–– A bipartisan group of 101 the wake of the massacre, in full view of to report that the human rights situation in House members led by Rep. Tony P. Hall Western journalists, of up to 200 unarmed East Timor is abysmal. There are consistent (D-Oh) called on President Clinton and demonstrators by Indonesian security forces and reliable reports of torture of East other top U.S. officials to raise the issue of at Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili, the capital of Timorese detainees, harassment of the Ro- severe human rights abuses in the former East Timor, on Nov. 12, l991. The fact that man Catholic Church, and arbitrary arrests Portuguese colony of East Timor when he supposed leaders of the demonstration re- of East Timorese opposed to Indonesian meets with Indonesian President Suharto ceived sentences roughly ten times as harsh occupation. In fact, during a September visit and other high-level officials at the Asia as the Indonesian security forces charged of Congressional aides at least 53 student Pacific Economic Cooperation summit meet- with carrying out the shooting was a gross activists were taken into custody “to attend ing in Seattle on Saturday Nov. 20. inequity. Ongoing Indonesian repression in guidance courses” while the delegation was East Timor drew worldwide attention in East Timor, since the Nov. l991 events, visiting the island. Moreover, Jakarta has November 1991, when Indonesian troops most recently a wave of detentions and still not accounted for the 66 individuals opened fire on thousands of peaceful march- abuse in September l993, has underscored missing after the Dili Massacre of Novem- ers at Santa Cruz cemetery, killing up to 200 that the human rights situation in East Page 70 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Timor, and the issue of the harassment of encourage the reconciliation process. In Lehtinen (R-FL), Nita Lowey (D-NY), the Catholic Church demand immediate addition, we are disturbed about the lack of Doug Bereuter (R-KS), Howard Berman (D- relief. due process in some trials which can lead to CA), Constance Morella (R-MD), Ronald On the occasion of your meeting with In- lengthy prison terms, such as the recent case Dellums (D-CA), Peter DeFazio (D-OR), donesian President Suharto and other high- of Xanana Gusmão. We are also concerned David Price (D-NC), Gerald Kleczka (D- level Indonesian officials at the economic about his well-being and the reports of harsh WI), Vic Fazio (D-CA), William Coyne (D- summit in Seattle on November l9 and 20, treatment. PA), Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), John Joseph we urge you to make clear American concern Once again, let us emphasize that we rec- Moakley (D-MA), Sam Gejdenson (D-CT), over this state of affairs and stress the need ognize the importance of a strong American Thomas Foglietta (D-PA), David Minge (D- for immediate relief of the appalling human relationship with Indonesia. It is because we MN), Tim Johnson (D-SD), Bart Gordon rights situation, as well as a long-term solu- value this relationship so highly that we (D-TN), Thomas Manton (D-NY), Henry tion to the status of East Timor, where at wish to see an end to the tragic Timor prob- Gonzalez (D-TX), Fortney Pete Stark (D- least l00,000 people already had perished lem which undercuts increased cooperation CA) from war-related causes well before the and enhanced friendship with Indonesia. Santa Cruz massacre drew world attention. Thank you for your attention to our re- APEC PROVIDES We believe that a lasting resolution of these quest. OPPORTUNITY TO problems is in the interest of overall US- Sincerely, Indonesian political, economic and business Tony P. Hall (D-Ohio), John Edward BROADEN PERSPECTIVE relations. Porter (R-IL), Tom Lantos (D-CA), Ron By Charlie Scheiner, East Timor Action We commend the fact that you and your Machtley (R-RI), David Obey (D-WI), Neil Network Administration have expressed concern over Abercrombie (D-HI), George Brown (D- the Timor situation on a number of occa- CA), Barney Frank (D-MA), William (Seattle, Nov. 17) – I’ve spent the last sions, and have acted to make Indonesia Hughes (D-NJ), Harris Fawell (R-IL), Ben- two days in the APEC media and Seattle aware of the U.S. interest in promoting hu- jamin Gilman (R-NY), Scott Klug (R-WI), Citizens’ Host Campaign (see below) of- man rights in East Timor. However, recent Solomon Ortiz (D-TX), Fred Upton (R- fices There’s little of substance happening reports from authoritative sources make it MI), Thomas Andrews (D-ME), Dana yet with the official APEC conference, and clear that respect for human rights and the Rohrabacher (R-CA), Matthew Martinez much of what will happen will not be pub- position of the Catholic Church, continue to (D-CA), Carrie Meek (D-FL), Benjamin lic. The expected 2000 journalists are being be jeopardized in East Timor. Over 50 peo- Cardin (D-MD), Bruce Vento (D-MN), treated to free umbrellas, ballet tickets (at ple were detained and beaten both before Patsy Mink (D-HI), Louise Slaughter (D- the same time as Friday’s Tibet and East and after two visits of Congressional staff to NY), Michael McNulty (D-NY), Andrew Timor demonstrations) and goodies from a East Timor in early September. This was Jacobs (D-IND), Thomas Ridge (R-PA), variety of businesses. Frequent bus tours of part of a territory-wide round-up of young David Bonior (D-MI), Donald Payne (D- Boeing, Microsoft and other corporate and people who were detained to prevent them NJ), José Serrano (D-NY), Jan Meyers (R- tourist venues are encouraging reporters to from meeting with the visiting Congressional KS), Robert Torricelli (D-NJ), Julian Dixon write about the wonders of Seattle and staff. Such repression is continuing. (D-CA), Herb Klein (D-NJ), Thomas Bliley trade. We would note that on Sept. l7, l993, In- (R-VA), Steve Gunderson (R-WI), Christo- Nevertheless, as the article below illus- donesia agreed in a United Nations commu- pher Smith (R-NJ), Edolphus Towns (D- trates (as did yesterday’s Seattle Post- niqué to take steps to improve the human NY), David Skaggs (D-CO), Charles Intelligencer, with a front page article about rights situation in East Timor. Surely an end Schumer (D-NY), James Oberstar (D-MN), human rights concerns in APEC countries) to harassment of the Catholic Church should Glenn Poshard (D-IL), Robert Borski (D- some are seeing through the hoopla. In his be a key step in improving human rights PA), Hamilton Fish, Jr. (R-NY), Jack Reed address at the University of Washington condition there. The release of East (D-RI), Jim Saxton (R-NJ), Frank Wolf (R- this morning, US Secretary of State Warren Timorese political detainees, those being VA), John Olver (D-MA), Sam Copper- Christopher singled out Burma, Vietnam, held in connection with the events of No- smith (D-AZ), Pat Williams (D-MT), Bill Indonesia and China as countries in which vember l991, and other more recent prison- Richardson (D-NM), Frank McCloskey (D- “human rights is a key issue in our rela- ers, would also be gestures of reconciliation IN), Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ), Robert Un- tions.” ..”.great areas of Asia lag behind the that could help facilitate a solution to the derwood (D-VA), Cynthia McKinney (D- march of history. But the yearnings for Timor tragedy under the auspices of the GA), Mike Synar (D-OK), Peter Visclosky freedom are not a Western export. They are United Nations pursuant to long-standing (D-IND), James Bilbray (D-NV), Don Ed- a human instinct. All across Asia, the U.S. is U.N. resolutions. All political detainees wards (D-CA), John Conyers, Jr. (D-MI), working to respond to those yearnings. We should have regular access to international Sherwood Boehlert (R-NY), Bill Emerson are, in short, aligning ourselves with the humanitarian organizations such as the In- (R-MO), George Miller (D-CA), Patricia future.” ternational Committee of the Red Cross Schroeder (D-CO), Christopher Shays (D- The members of the diverse Citizen’s (ICRC) and lawyers and family members. CT), Herbert Bateman (R-VA), Marcy Host Committee coalition are working so The use of preventive arrests and detentions Kaptur (D-OH), Craig Washington (D-TX), that human rights, the environment and should be halted, and abuse of the popula- George Hochbrueckner (D-NY), Jolene Un- national self-determination are in the minds tion in East Timor, as well as Timorese soeld (D-WA), Sam Farr (D-CA), Douglas of the media and ministers here – to create a students in Java and Bali, should cease. “Pete” Peterson (D-FL), Timothy Penny more complete picture than APEC’s focus International humanitarian organizations, (D-MN), H. Martin Lancaster (D-NC), Mel on dollars and yen. They don’t oppose human rights groups, and the news media Reynolds (D-IL), Bernard Sanders (D-VT), APEC per se, but hope to broaden the cov- should have free access to the territory. Jerry Costello (D-IL), Edward Markey (D- erage. None of the conferences, vigils, pick- Relaxation of rigid Indonesian control over MA), Joseph P. Kennedy, II (D-MA), ets, rallies, marches or other actions planned the Timorese people and steps promoting Wayne Gilchest (R-MD), Austin Murphy are intended to disrupt APEC or its satellite increased local autonomy would further (D-PA), Charlie Rose (D-NC), Ileana Ros- activities. In fact, the Seattle police are com- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 71 fortable enough with the SCHC to allow While human rights violations continued The Asian governments, at the official their major Saturday rally to proceed as throughout the APEC region, the major meeting from March 29 to April 2, pro- requested in spite of initial concerns about story during the year was not so much the duced a document which reflected much of inadequate police resources with so many nature of the abuses but the debate over the Chinese, Indonesian, Malaysian and heads of state in town. how to address them. Two factors had a Singaporean position (although since the The effort to woo the media seems to major impact on this debate: the increased U.N.’s definition of Asia includes South- take precedence over discussions of trade. visibility of Asian non-governmental organi- west Asia, it included the viewpoints of As I’m typing this in the APEC Press Cen- zations (NGOs) and the growing economic governments such as Syria and Iran as well.) ter, a local TV reporter is taping his broad- power of East Asia. Some of the Asian democracies, including cast. His closing sentence: “Ultimately, each Asian NGOs were able to articulate a vi- Japan, managed to moderate the tone of reporter will put their own spin on how sion of human rights that differed radically some provisions, such as that on aid condi- they feel their country’s leaders fared at this from that of their own governments and tionality, changing the word “reject” to APEC Conference. If they had a good time, thus called into question the ability of the “discourage.” They also managed to include and they go home to tell their audience latter to define what is “Asian.” They were important clauses such as that emphasizing about it, Seattle wins.” more successful than their governments in the need to encourage all states of the region Here are the first few paragraphs of a blurring the traditional sub-regional distinc- to ratify the international covenants on hu- front page article in today’s Seattle Times: tions of South Asia, Southeast Asia and man rights (Ironically, however, it was the CHANCE TO AIR GRIEVANCES Northeast Asia. Additionally, they helped Asian governments’ castigation of the West CREATES SOME ODD ALLIANCES redefine priorities for the human rights for failing to heed the importance of social movement in a way that rendered obsolete and economic rights and the right to devel- The Seattle Times, November 17, 1993, By the old division of labor among human opment that led the American delegation to Mary F. Pols, Seattle Times Staff Reporter rights, development, women’s rights and the Vienna Conference to reverse the stance What on earth does the East Timor Ac- environmental organizations. of earlier administrations and announce its tion Network have in common with the These efforts culminated in the issuing of intent to ratify the relevant conventions.) Puget Sound Gillnetters Association? the “Bangkok NGO Declaration on Human The NGOs succeeded in blunting the ef- Just one thing – a disagreement with the Rights” of March 27 (see Appendix 1). forts of some governments to accentuate powers that be. Over 100 NGOs from across Asia and the North-South and East-West fissures. But it In the case of the former, the dispute is Pacific gathered in Bangkok on March 23 to was clear, not only from their stance in with the Indonesian government, which has coordinate their position for the World Con- Bangkok but from NGO work more gener- occupied the small nation off Australia’s ference on Human Rights, just as Asian ally, that the Asian NGO agenda differed in north shore since 1975. It’s a conflict that’s governments convened a few days later, also some respects from that of counterpart claimed more than 100,000 lives. In the case in Bangkok, for the regional preparatory organizations in the West, particularly in of the latter, the argument is with the Clin- meeting of the World Conference on Human honing in on the need to address the linkage ton administration’s forestry and fishery Rights. It was clear from a series of state- between human rights and development. policies. ments they made during 1992 that China, Unlike the “development first” position That’s enough to gain both groups mem- Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, at the of many Asian governments, which reflected bership in the Seattle Citizens’ Host Com- very least, were determined to promote an a pride in their own economic achievements, mittee – an umbrella organization formed “Asian concept of human rights” which the Asian NGOs working at the grassroots last month for activists and advocates downplayed political and civil rights, high- tended to see the negative impact of devel- who’ve got a beef with at least one of the lighted the importance of economic devel- opment and the human rights implications VIPs visiting Seattle for the Asia-Pacific opment, stressed the need to take cultural, thereof: peasants displaced from their land Economic Cooperation meeting this week. historical and religious factors into account for the construction of dams in Indonesia or The headings on the SCHC’s neatly when assessing human rights, and rejected for commercial enterprises, such as logging typed list of events sum it up nicely. OURS aid conditionality and other forms of “inter- in Burma or Malaysia; forced relocation of (Citizens). THEIRS (Government). For ference in domestic affairs.” urban squatters and dispossession of indige- every APEC event, there is a citizens action It was this concept that the Asian NGOs nous peoples; increased income disparities to counter it – nearly 40 of them. set out to rebut in Bangkok. The NGO Dec- and pervasive corruption; exploitation of The article goes on to talk about the genesis laration they produced stated that because workers; the growing AIDS epidemic and of SCHC and give a sense of the range of human rights were universal, “The advocacy the discrimination against people with AIDS groups included. On the front page, a large of human rights cannot be considered to be and HIV; and violence against women. Be- color photo of a Tibetan demonstrator with an encroachment on national sovereignty.” cause many development projects criticized a Tibetan flag and a “China out of Tibet” While noting the importance in the region of by the NGOs on human rights grounds also sign accompanies the lead article “APEC’s cultural pluralism, the NGOs declared, had negative implications for the environ- deliberate pace” “Those cultural practices which derogate ment, the distinction between human rights from universally accepted human rights, and environmental advocacy had little mean- HUMAN RIGHTS IN including women’s rights, must not be toler- ing in Asia. ated.” In reaffirming the indivisibility of The focus on human rights and develop- THE APEC REGION political and economic rights, they stated, ment did not mean that NGOs ignored Asia Watch Report, November 1993, dis- “Violations of civil, political and economic abuses of basic political and civil rights. For tributed to journalists and others at APEC. rights frequently result from the emphasis many Asian NGOs, detained Burmese op- Excerpts (introduction and Indonesia/East on economic development at the exp ense of position leader and Nobel laureate Aung San Timor section) human rights. Violations of social and cul- Suu Kyi was a potent symbol of the Asian tural rights are often the result of political struggle for human rights and democracy. 1. ASIA, HUMAN RIGHTS AND U.S. systems which treat human rights as being Treatment in detention centers was a major POLICY IN 1993 of secondary importance.” issue for Burmese refugees in Thailand. Page 72 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

NGOs in Hong Kong were increasingly NGOs in the region were watching warily, opment” – which many of the region’s concerned about preservation of basic civil doubtful that any mechanism that included NGOs were trying to address. liberties, particularly freedom of the press, among its founders President Suharto and Economic growth in East Asia, however, as 1997 approached. Korean NGOs focused Prime Minister Mahathir could advance the also confronted the industrialized govern- attention on the continued use of the Na- protection of human rights. ments with some new problems for their tional Security Law, and their concerns were If the growing strength of NGOs in the human rights policies. Many Asian coun- reinforced when Cho Guk, an activist from region affected the human rights debate, so tries had the economic strength to resist the Korean NGO, KONUCH, who attended did the growing economic clout of East Asia, economic sanctions or aid conditionalities the U.N. human rights meetings in Bangkok home of the “four dragons” (Korea, Taiwan, imposed by donor countries. In 1992, the and Vienna, was arrested shortly after his Hong Kong and Singapore) and the future U.S. Congress cut off aid for advanced train- return from the latter and charged under that dragons (China, Indonesia, Thailand and ing for Indonesian military officers under the law with pro-North Korean and “anti-state” Malaysia). For one thing, it meant that for International Military and Educational activities. Indonesian NGOs continued to much of the international community, Training Program; in 1993, the Indonesian defend political detainees, from suspected “Asia” was East Asia; South Asia, compris- government was planning to send officers to insurgents to students accused of criticizing ing the countries of the Indian subcontinent, the U.S. for what was essentially the same the electoral process, and call for greater was largely ignored. program, but this time at its own expense. It freedom of association for workers. The “Asian concept of human rights” was clear that China did not want to lose But the fact remained that violations of was the creation of East Asian governments, Most Favored Nation trade status with the political and civil rights, for the most part, and authoritarian East Asian governments at U.S.; it was also clear that China’s economy were most severe in the countries where that, which felt they deserved praise, not was powerful enough to sustain the loss, if domestic NGOs were not allowed to oper- censure, for their efforts to alleviate pov- necessary. As trade and investment in the ate: China, Vietnam, Burma, Bhutan, Brunei erty, even if some civil rights were curtailed East Asian region became increasingly vital and North Korea. Elsewhere, there were in the process. Former Prime Minister Lee to the strength of industrialized economies, areas which were also effectively closed to Kuan Yew went to an extreme when he how far were the Western countries and domestic and international human rights argued that Asians did not care about de- Japan willing to press on human rights? One investigators, including East Timor and mocratic government; they preferred effi- year into a new administration in the U.S. parts of Irian Jaya, Tibet, and Khmer cient government. Other governments argued and six months into a new government in Rouge-held zones of Cambodia. The Asia- that it was simply a matter of time: Taiwan Japan, this question remained unanswered. wide coalition of NGOs thus spoke to con- and South Korea were now well along in the U.S. Policy cerns in countries which already had a modi- democratization process, but their period of Fears in the region that Asia would be ig- cum of political openness; in countries greatest growth came under authoritarian nored by the Clinton administration, with without such domestic voices, there was no regimes. The problem with this argument, as its focus on domestic policy, were assuaged real alternative to international pressure as a the NGOs clearly saw, was that it left it up by over a dozen visits of senior administra- way of drawing attention to human rights to non-democratic governments themselves tion officials during the year, including abuses and trying to curb them. to determine when the requisite level of President Clinton’s trip to Tokyo for the As noted above, Asian NGOs succeeded development had been reached that would summit of the Group of Seven (G-7) indus- better than their respective governments in permit more political openness. Prior to the trialized countries in July where he extolled working together across subregional bounda- Vienna conference, 56 Indonesian NGOs the virtues of what he called the New Pacific ries. The Bangkok conference highlighted said that time had now come in their coun- Community. The question, as it turned out, regional solidarity and common interests, try: “Now that development has been car- was not whether Asia would be neglected; it but there were many examples during the ried out for two decades,” they said in a was whether the attention would be wel- year of transnational cooperation. Sri joint statement, “it is time for priority to be come. Lankan and Thai human rights NGOs were given to the realization of political and civil The Asia-Pacific region was seen both as particularly helpful to their newly-formed rights and democracy.” a critical area for American jobs and exports, counterparts in Cambodia. In Korea, Indo- The experience of Taiwan and South Ko- and as a test case in the new administra- nesia, the Philippines and elsewhere, NGOs rea, however, also led many in the West tion’s determination to promote democracy, worked to document the use of comfort who were uncomfortable with human rights open markets and human rights. As Winston women during the Japanese military occupa- advocacy to posit a direct relationship be- Lord, the Assistant Secretary of State for tion of their respective countries during the tween economic liberalization and positive East Asia and the Pacific said in a briefing Second World War; they then joined forces political change. Let the Chinese, Vietnam- on August 31, “We believe you can’t have with NGOs in Japan to call for Japanese ese and Indonesian economies continue to open economics and closed politics.” government to acknowledge the abuses and expand, the argument went, and an im- The Clinton Administration made signifi- compensate the victims. (By the end of the provement in human rights will inevitably cant efforts to press individual countries in year, they had the acknowledgment but not result, if only to satisfy the demands of a the region on particular human rights issues, the compensation.) growing middle class. That argument, how- such as access by the International Commit- The breakdown of geographical barriers ever, was of small comfort to the thousands tee of the Red Cross to China, and labor was somewhat offset by the need of NGOs detained in the region on political grounds. It rights in Indonesia. But these initiatives on to respond to developments within regional belied the experience of China, where con- behalf of human rights were overshadowed governmental associations like the Associa- tinued commitment to economic reform was by the administration’s tending to portray tion of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). accompanied by increased political repres- human rights and democracy as core Ameri- The ASEAN countries – Indonesia, Malay- sion, as China’s leaders expressed a deter- can values, not as values underpinned by an sia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand and the mination not to let the reforms affect Party international system of treaties which have Philippines – seemed well on their way by control, and any signs of dissent were been ratified by countries around the world. year’s end to developing a regional mecha- quickly crushed. And it ignored the abusive In a region where non-democratic govern- nism to address human rights concerns. aspects of economic growth – “maldevel- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 73 ments had already made such political capi- head off a crisis before it arose or to work to have died in custody after having been tal out of perceived North-South and East- out a solution that might advance human beaten following their arrest in connection West divisions, the failure to anchor the rights at the same time that it eased the with a longstanding land dispute. On May promotion of human rights securely in threat of sanctions. 9, a young labor activist named Marsinah United Nations mechanisms was unwise. ... was found raped and murdered after a strike Portraying human rights and democracy 5.INDONESIA/EAST TIMOR at her factory in Sidoarjo, East Java, in as quintessentially American, rather than which the military had intervened. On No- universal, values might also have created Ratification of international human rights vember 5, a military officer, Captain Ku- problems for the administration’s stated covenants: saeri, was arrested on suspicion of having desire to see other countries join forces in International Covenant on Civil and Po- been involved in the kidnapping of Marsi- their protection and promotion. On the litical Rights: NO nah. In late July, the body of Hans Soaf, other hand, it was not clear that the admini- International Covenant on Economic, So- believed to be a political activist in Irian stration had aggressively sought allies on cial and Cultural Rights: NO Jaya, was found buried shortly after his this issue, particularly in the region. Japan Human Rights Developments arrest in Waskee, West Sarmi. Suspected had the potential to be much more active on Despite some signs of increasing recep- leaders of Aceh Merdeka, the armed nation- human rights, given its stated position that tivity to human rights concerns, Indonesia alist organization, continued to shot dead by allocation of overseas aid should be deter- continued to detain critics arbitrarily, re- the army, rather than captured; two were mined, in part, by a recipient country’s strict freedom of expression, and obstruct killed in August. On September 25, soldiers democratization and respect for human the emergence of independent associations. opened fire on a group of peaceful demon- rights. The new cabinet, formed after the Abuse of detainees immediately after arrest strators in Madura, off the coast of East July elections, also included at least two remained routine. Indonesian military abuses Java. Three people, including a fourteen- men, including the new foreign minister, continued, but in two major cases, the killing year-old boy, were killed instantly; another known to be interested in human rights. Yet of a young labor activist and the shooting of died later of his injuries. The demonstrators when Secretary Christopher met Foreign demonstrators at a dam site in Madura, were protesting the construction of a dam. Minister Hata in mid-September, the issue army personnel were arrested or disciplined. The army announced that the killings would of a multilateral stance on human rights The appointment of President Suharto to be investigated. toward the major violators of the region a sixth term by the People’s Consultative Freedom of expression continued to be apparently did not come up. The new Ko- Assembly in March; the successful cam- tightly controlled, with dozens arrested for a rean government also indicated its desire to paign by the armed forces to have its com- wide variety of offenses. In early January, play a greater regional role in fostering hu- mander-in-chief, Try Sutrisno, appointed two young men, Djoni Purwoto and Sugiri man rights and democracy; it was not clear Vice-President; and major cabinet changes Cahyono, were sentenced to four and three whether the administration in Washington announced at the end of March heralded and a half years in prison respectively on took the cue. little change in the government’s approach blasphemy charges for insulting Islam during By and large, however, the Clinton ad- to human rights. a comic theatre performance in Salatiga, ministration demonstrated a stronger rhe- Shortly before the Vienna World Confer- Central Java. torical commitment to human rights than its ence on Human Rights in June, Indonesia Two students from Semarang, Central predecessor, backed up, in a few cases such announced the establishment of a national Java, were accused of “spreading hatred of as China and Indonesia, by the threatened commission on human rights, headed by a the government” for criticizing the electoral use of selective sanctions. But by the end of former military judge and head of the Su- process during the parliamentary election the year, the administration seemed to be preme Court, Ali Said. The twenty-five- campaign in May 1992. The prosecution having second thoughts about a tough hu- member commission was set up by presi- requested several months in prison, but as man rights approach, particularly with re- dential decree and appeared to have neither of mid-November the verdict had not been spect to China, as anxiety rose about the independence nor investigatory powers. announced. Another student, David Ra- political and economic implications. Access to Indonesia by international hu- mone, was sentenced to six months in It was unclear how the administration man rights organizations remained limited, prison on slander charges for his role in a would resolve the dilemma of promoting although Asia Watch and the International demonstration in which students carried human rights and promoting jobs and ex- Commission of Jurists were permitted in posters asking a university administrator to ports in East Asia. But as the debates on March to send observers to the highly- account for his use of student fees. In late trade benefits for China (MFN) and Indone- charged political trial of Xanana Gusmão, June, the trial of a young activist, Buntomi, sia (Generalized System of Preferences or leader of the East Timorese independence opened in absentia in Salatiga; he was ac- GSP) made clear, a major player in address- organization and guerrilla army. cused of distributing a calendar in 1991 that ing that dilemma would be the American Asia Watch received no reports of disap- bore unflattering caricatures of President business community. As the year opened, pearances during the year, although out- Suharto and his wife. the business community was well aware of standing cases of disappearances in Aceh Freedom of association was a major is- the increased readiness of the new admini- and East Timor from 1990 and 1991 re- sue, particularly with respect to labor and stration to impose sanctions and of the abil- mained unresolved. The government ap- religion. The government continued to har- ity of East Asian countries to withstand peared to be making no effort to find the ass people associated with the independent them. It feared that countries like China and missing or punish those responsible, and in labor union, Indonesia Prosperous Workers Indonesia would retaliate against American both areas, the disappeared were presumed Union (SBSI). In June, soldiers arrested two companies if human rights pressure from dead. SBSI leaders in Medan, North Sumatra, for Washington became too intense by giving Several killings were attributed to the their role in a strike at a local shrimp farm. future contracts to Japanese and European armed forces and police. On March 25, two Both men were severely beaten; they were competitors. Some companies thus ex- men from the transmigrant community of released after a week. On July 29, the gov- pressed an interest in working with Asia Sei Lapan in North Sumatra were reported ernment prevented SBSI from holding its Watch and other human rights groups to Page 74 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. first national congress. The Indonesian mili- tariff benefits could be revoked unless labor stern statement from Timothy Wirth, State tary continued as a matter of routine to rights practices improved. Department Counselor. The military also intervened heavily in a Several activists from LBH-Ampera, a le- On September 20, an inter-agency team, leadership dispute within the Huria Kristen gal aid organization, were detained after a led by USTR, visited Indonesia for five Batak Protestan or HKBP, the largest Prot- peasant demonstration on October 6 in Bo- days of talks with Indonesian officials, non- estant congregation in the country, based in gor, West Java. The police chief of Bogor governmental organizations, independent North Sumatra. Beginning in January and accused the group who organized the dem- union organizers, and others. Such a visit continuing throughout the year, protests onstration of being linked to the banned had never taken place before during the an- against the government-installed ephorus or Communist Party. Jauhari Ahmed, who nual GSP review. archbishop led to over 100 arrests, many of works for the organization, received death Throughout 1993, Congressional concern them involving physical abuse. On July 25, threats from unidentified men who vandal- on human rights in Indonesia was focused a photographer hired by one faction to ized his home at 2 A.M. almost exclusively on East Timor. A Con- document the clashes was arrested by the U.S. Policy gressional staff delegation visited Indonesia, district military command in Bongbongan and briefly went to East Timor, from Au- The Clinton administration was particu- and beaten. He suffered several broken ribs. gust 21 to September 5. larly active and outspoken on the issues of Many of those detained tried to bring ha- The FY 1994 foreign aid bill continued East Timor and workers’ rights in Indonesia, beas corpus petitions against the army offi- the ban on IMET (International Military raising these concerns at the highest levels cers who arrested them, but the courts re- Education and Training) to Indonesia en- with Indonesian officials. fused to hear them on the grounds that ac- acted by Congress in 1992. At the U.N. Human Rights Commission cording to the Criminal Procedure Code, Indonesia was due to receive $46 million in Geneva in March, the U.S. played a piv- they only had authority to rule on irregular in development assistance, plus an increase otal role in generating support for a resolu- arrest and detention procedures involving in foreign military sales estimated at $15 tion expressing concern about human rights police. million in FY 1994, and an additional $15.8 abuses in East Timor, clearly signaling to East Timor continued to receive interna- million in commercial military sales. An Indonesia that it intended to take a tougher tional attention for the human rights viola- amendment to the Senate authorization bill, line on human rights than the Bush admini- tions committed there. The trial of Xanana sponsored by Sen. Russell Feingold, was stration. The resolution was adopted by a Gusmão in Dili District Court from Febru- approved by the Foreign Relations Commit- vote of 22 to 12 (with 15 abstaining). ary to May 1993 was, until the end, more tee on September 8, linking future military At the World Bank-convened donors open than any East Timorese trial in mem- sales to Indonesia to human rights progress meeting of eighteen nations in Paris on June ory, with foreign journalists, diplomats and in East Timor. The administration opposed 30, the U.S. raised East Timor and worker human rights organizations all in attendance the Feingold amendment, however, on rights during the general discussion and in its – until the defendant abandoned his hitherto grounds that it would hamper other efforts bilateral talks. The Consultative Group passive stance and began his defense. The to address Indonesia’s human rights behav- pledged $5.1 billion in development assis- government first refused to let him read his ior. tance, with no specific human rights condi- defense plea in Portuguese; it then tried to In August, following consultations with tions attached. Several governments includ- prevent diplomats from attending the final Congress, the administration had rejected a ing the U.S., Canada, Austria and Switzer- sessions; and finally it barred Gusmão from request by Jordan to sell U.S. F-5 jet fight- land, referred to human rights and the issue reading the plea at all, declaring it to be ir- ers to Indonesia, partly on human rights of “good governance.” relevant to the charges against him. Gusmão grounds. At that time, the State Department On July 3, forty-three senators wrote to was sentenced to life in prison, later reduced emphasized that the decision was “not a President Clinton urging him to bring up through a disputed plea for clemency to precedent for other arms transfer decisions.” East Timor with President Suharto at the G- twenty years. He is serving the sentence in The U.S. Embassy in Jakarta in 1993 7 summit meeting in Tokyo. The president Cipinang Prison in Jakarta. continued energetically to raise concerns did so. Between May and July, the military about human rights abuses. In response to petitions filed in June commander responsible for East Timor, 1992 with the U.S. Trade Representative’s 6. JAPAN General Theo Syafei, tried to prevent the office by Asia Watch and the International ... International Committee of the Red Cross Labor Rights Education and Research Fund, At the UN Human Rights Commission in from visiting East Timorese detainees on the Mickey Kantor announced on June 25 that Geneva, Japan played an ambiguous role: ICRC’s terms. Visits were resumed on July Indonesia’s GSP (Generalized Sy stem of cosponsoring a resolution on human rights 29. Preferences) export benefits would be in in China which failed, but abstaining on a In early September, prior to the visit of a “serious jeopardy” if “substantial concrete crucial resolution on human rights in East delegation of Congressional staff members, progress” was not made to protect workers’ Timor, which passed. The Japanese em- over fifty East Timorese were detained for rights. USTR announced it would develop bassy in Indonesia, however, did send rep- what were euphemistically referred to as an “action plan” with Jakarta and would resentatives to attend the trial of a major “courses.” They were released after the decide by mid-February 1994 whether to East Timorese political prisoner, Xanana delegation returned to Jakarta. continue the GSP program in Indonesia. The Gusmão, between February and May. Human rights organizations continued to GSP report, issued in July, was especially ... be subject to harassment and threats from critical of the lack of freedom of association the government, even as their visibility and for workers and the role of the military in influence increased. In September, Vice- PACIFIC RIM NATIONS labor relations. The Indonesian govern- President Try Sutrisno warned darkly of SHARE ECONOMIC BOOM ment’s moves to ban the national congress traitors who gave information to foreign of the independent union SBSI, in the midst organizations. He made the remarks in con- But political divisions remain of the GSP review, sparked a strong denun- nection with an announcement from the ciation by the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta and a office of the U.S. Trade Representative that East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 75

By Jim Simon, Seattle Times, Nov. 16 Explosive growth has created a sizable “Of course, the smaller countries are SEATTLE – The most glittering item on middle class in Thailand and Indonesia, but nervous about what the big guys are really display at this week’s Pacific Rim trade it has left huge numbers of people living in doing.” summit is what the visitors share: an ex- squalor. And the Philippines remains an Indonesia is emblematic of the region’s traordinary record of economic growth. economic basket case, with more than half enormous potential and challenges. The Following the lead of Japan, many mem- of its population living below the official country of 180 million people, little known ber nations of the Asia-Pacific Economic poverty line, according to the most recent in the West, is cited by many as a model of Cooperation (APEC) forum have trans- World Bank figures. development. formed their economies in one generation The authoritarian regimes of South Ko- Still poor by U.S. standards, the econ- from abject poverty to the world’s most rea, Taiwan and Thailand, under pressure omy is growing by more than 6 percent a dynamic. created by their new wealth, have begun year. Foreign investment has doubled in five What is easily obscured about the “East transformations to multiparty democracies. years, and the percentage of people living in Asian miracle,” particularly on the U.S. side But much of the region remains under one- poverty is shrinking. Still a source of cheap of the Pacific, is this: It is made up of strik- party rule, and the military in several coun- labor and natural resources like oil, Indone- ingly diverse nations with often-conflicting tries still dominates business and politics. sia now makes airplanes and its banks were agendas, longstanding wariness toward one China and Indonesia, in particular, are criti- among the first to finance the rebuilding of another and thorny internal political prob- cized harshly for alleged human-rights viola- Vietnam. lems. tions. Experts credit President Suharto, a gen- “Economic changes have run ahead of the “The rise of the middle class in a lot of eral who seized power in a bloody 1965 social and political differences in Asia,” says these countries has led to greater demands uprising, for charting the country’s eco- Kozo Yamamura, a University of Washing- for political liberalization but not necessar- nomic course. But human-rights groups and ton economist. “National boundaries and ily better civil rights,” said Mike Jen- others criticize his regime for ruthlessly conflicts have become less important than drzejczyk of Asia Watch, which planned to putting down dissent and separatist move- economic ties.” release reports critical of China. ments in are as such as Timor, a former But if the official topic of APEC and the “We want to challenge the notion that Portuguese colony where Indonesia received summit meeting of President Clinton and 11 it’s not valid to condition trade and eco- an international black eye after about 200 national leaders on Blake Island in Puget nomic aid on improving human rights.” demonstrators were killed in 1991. Sound Saturday is economic cooperation, The most nagging political challenge in Daniel Lev, a Southeast Asia expert at the region’s political conflicts still cast a the region is China. the University of Washington, said there is long shadow. China will press U.S. officials to make uncertainty about what will happen when The prime minister of Malaysia, Ma- permanent its “most favored nation” trading Suharto leaves power. hathir Mohamad, won’t be coming for the standing, which now must be renewed annu- But analysts say such questions summit of Pacific Rim leaders – a protest ally. shouldn’t obscure just how remarkably and against potential U.S. domination of what he A series of protests is aimed in part at swiftly change, economic and political, has thinks should be an Asian affair. keeping that from occurring. A coalition of come to Asia. Hundreds of Tibetans and their sympa- Chinese dissidents is holding several events Just two decades ago, many experts pre- thizers are bringing attention to what they expected to focus on everything from the dicted the future of Asia would be with say is the brutal and illegal rule of their use of prison labor in exports to censorship. communism: North Vietnam, after with- homeland by China. They are being joined Tibetans want Clinton to urge Chinese standing war with the United States, con- by dissidents from Taiwan and Timor, for- officials to negotiate with the Dalai Lama, quered the south; strong left-wing insurgen- est-protection advocates and labor activists, their exiled spiritual leader. Pro- cies raged in Thailand and the Philippines. all hoping to shine attention on spotty hu- independence Taiwanese opposition groups Instead, there has been dramatic political man-rights or environmental records before are organizing protests against Taiwan’s upheaval in recent years against military- an audience of 3,000 diplomats and journal- exclusion from the United Nations. backed regimes – first in Manila, then ists. The governments of Hong Kong and spreading to Seoul, Taipei and Bangkok – “Our message is trade can’t drive every- Taiwan, ever more reliant on trade with the largely due to pressure from Asia’s growing thing,” said Kunzang Yuthok, director of the mainland, seek their own assurances. For middle class, according to analysts. Tibetan Rights Campaign in Seattle. “It’s Hong Kong that means pressing for the “The tensions haven’t gone away, but got to be tied to what’s happening to people survival of a freewheeling economy and there’s far more commonality as these coun- inside the country.” some form of self rule after China takes over tries rewrite themselves,” said Charles Among the 15 nations represented in Se- in 1997. The Taiwanese government, still Keyes, director of Southeast Asian studies attle are China, the world’s most populous officially claiming to be China’s legitimate at the University of Washington. country, and Indonesia, the world’s most ruler, wants equal status in international “The symbolic side of APEC is the great populous Muslim country. Also on the forums like APEC. realization of their collective clout.’’ roster is one of the world’s tiniest and rich- Richard Baker, a former U.S. diplomat est nations, the sultanate of Brunei. who is now a senior fellow at the East-West REPORT ON ETAN Japan is among the world’s most ethni- Center in Honolulu, said some Southeast ACTIVITIES AT APEC cally homogeneous countries. Indonesians Asian countries, with centuries of mistrust speak nearly 300 languages. Malaysia, with toward Chinese ambitions, are wary of the From Mariza Costa Cabral, ETAN/Seattle. large Chinese and East Indian minorities, re-emergence of China as a regional eco- Nov. 22, 1993 nomic power. relies on an official ethnic balancing act to FRIDAY: Li-Lien was interviewed by ensure that the majority Malays get the bulk “The Americans say they won’t with- draw from the region, the Japanese say they Gordon Burridge of Pacific Rim News and of many benefits, such as government jobs by a radio station at the Citizen’s Host and scholarships. won’t rearm, and the Chinese say they have no more territorial designs,” Baker said. Committee press room. The Canadians also Page 76 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. went around the Volunteer Park area and aged guy who stayed taking pictures of us force the members’ economic position, finished putting up the posters which David until the very end (until we all left the site, whether cumulatively or o on an individual and Ze started putting up the night before: well after the end of the rally). Any idea basis. Such cooperation should be imple- one poster in memory of each victim of the whom that might have been? mented in a pragmatic manner, on a stage- Santa Cruz massacre. There were posters by-stage basis, and in alignment with devel- everywhere, it seemed, and very clearly INDONESIA’S VIEW OF APEC opments. visible. Friday Vigil: From Jakarta Radio Republik Indonesia SUHARTO DISAPPOINTED Network in Indonesian. 19 November 1993 Sixty-five people showed up for the vigil AT APEC? (not counting the four Indonesian gentlemen The two-day multilateral national leaders who followed us at a distance). The original and the leaders of the Asia-Pacific joint Radio Nederland, Nov. 23, 1993. Report plan was to go to 15th Ave (that’s where working forum in Seattle, the United States, from CNRM/Darwin. the police issued all the protest permits for) felt that a declaration would be issued on On ‘Gema Warta’ 23 November 93, Ra- but Li-Lien said she was sure the motorcade cooperation in trade and investment among dio Netherlands commented on President would go on 12th, not on 15th. 12th was the member countries. The ministerial-level Suharto’s recent visit to Seattle, concluding most immaculately clean and all parked cars APEC meeting from 17 to 19 November from the meeting between the President and had been towed away. We made a group 1993 was not marred by heated arguments. 100 top US business people that the image decision to go to 12th because our main They accepted the Seattle declaration in of ABRI is increasingly becoming damaged. purpose was to be seen by the motorcade. principle as the base toward intensifying Kompas is reported to have found the meet- We got there just on time. We stood on economic cooperation among APEC mem- ing was less merry than a similar one last the sidewalk, with policemen facing us and bers. In fact, the heated arguments on the year. placed at regular intervals. The motorcade concept occurred two months ago at the A US businessman is reported to have went by in intermittent groups of cars and senior ministers meeting in Honolulu. Al expressed concern at the opening of the we all shouted at the top of our lungs as that meeting, the Southeast Asian nations meeting about the killing of Marsinah which, they went by: Free East Timor! We had lots were unanimously opposed to the devel- it is said, must have been very offensive to a of signs and banners (in large part brought oped nations’ concept of an agreement to be Javanese. As offensive as last July’s raising from Canada) and two large FRETILIN flags issued at the Seattle summit. of the East Timor issue by President Clin- (also from Canada). I dare say that our pro- Indonesia was the first to reject such a ton at his meeting with Suharto in Tokyo, test was pretty powerful, with a good num- concept and the other ASEAN member which deeply offended Suharto. ber of people and placed at the right loca- countries followed suit. Indonesia’s attitude The Gema Warta report added that sev- tion. Two people were sure they saw Su- was based on a decision to establish APEC eral sources in Jakarta indicate that Suharto harto. Clinton’s car passed by us too. So did in the middle of 1980. Indonesia stressed is giving signs that he has already changed many others. We then walked towards the that APEC should take the form of a broad his views on East Timor. He wants to re- Park and stood for a while at the entrance, informal and consultative forum. Therefore, lease East Timor, but the manner in which shouting slogans At the end, Loren and Li- if that agreement is issued at the Seattle this is to be done has not yet been articu- Lien addressed the group thanking everyone summit, laws and regulations will be codi- lated. Perhaps because there is still ABRI for coming and urged people to stay moti- fied that could thus eliminate the objective opposition. vated on the issue. People were urged to of keeping APEC an informal forum. Aus- Suharto’s comment to Arafat in Tunis attend the rally Saturday. Because we were tralia and New Zealand were the two major last week that “there is no need for a refer- not where the press expected us to be, we countries who were strongly opposed to endum in East Timor” can be read in this were interviewed by only a radio station and ASEAN’s attitude during the senior minis- light, the report added. the P.I. ters meeting in Honolulu. Canada then of- SATURDAY: Maybe 20 or so of us fered a compromise which was finally went to the rally. The biggest group proba- adopted-to change the term “agreement” to DEBATE OVER U.S. ARMS bly was the “China Out of Tibet” organized “declaration.” This term would not faze the by the Tibetan Rights Campaign. There was members. ASEAN member countries defi- SALES CONTINUES also a large group for freedom in Vietnam nitely wanted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum to function as an abso- (name?). And a very large group (although JORDAN JET DEAL much smaller than I had expected) for the lute consultative and economic cooperation “Jobs With Justice.” And many other forum in an effort to increase its capability OFFICIALLY DEAD groups (human rights, environment, and of mutual analysis and cooperation in cer- tain fields which could provide more bene- PEACE ACTION WASHINGTON REPORT labor rights). The speaker for human rights, October 5, 1993. the Baptist Reverend Jeffreys, mentioned fits. East Timor many times and mentioned the Indonesia, along with its other ASEAN The Clinton Administration officially an- 200,000 people dead in ET. He gave a gor- member countries, definitely does not want nounced the cancellation of the Jordanian geous speech in my opinion, emphasizing a constitutional type of cooperation to exist transfer of F-5E aircraft to Indonesia. While the point that the world needs to change and within APEC-similar to that of a trade bloc- this deal had supposedly died some time put people first instead of serving the inter- because free trade (?limitations) among ago, Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) had at- ests of the large corporations. His speech APEC members would definitely deprive tempted to resuscitate it, ultimately to no was very emotional and powerful. the developing nations of being competitive avail. There were two Indonesian gentlemen and thus could prove to be non beneficial. In taking pictures of us (one went around ask- fact, one of the bases agreed upon when ing people to pose for him with a big APEC was established was the need for friendly smile...) as well as a white middle- such cooperation in an effort to further rein- East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 77

INDONESIA IS TEST CAS E point of Senator Pell’s discussions with the other important factors of the sale. If the Secretary of State.” transfer of the F-5Es does not happen, he FOR EXPORT POLICY Indonesian arms transfers have become a said, the U.S. will gain a reputation as an Arms Trade News, October 7, 1993 defining issue for Clinton’s policy. Andy unreliable supplier to the rest of the Pacific Skow, Eidetics’ president, said his firm will rim countries. Wachter also noted that Indo- In a letter to California Congressman appeal State’s finding. While no formal ap- nesia could retaliate by canceling contracts Howard Berman this past August, President peal process exists, Skow said the company with other U.S. firms. There are people who Clinton said his administration will soon would try to “make the people who made want to “help human rights in Indonesia and undertake a review of U.S. conventional the decision aware of Indonesia’s improve- I don’t question their motives,” he said. arms transfer policy. While arms control ments in human rights.” “But there are rational, measured ways to groups and the defense industry have To illustrate his point, Skow said of the do that.” If this transfer doesn’t go through, awaited a new policy for some time, few ten battalions of Indonesian troops in East then “the only human rights being violated observers expected Mr. Clinton to be tested Timor, eight are comprised of engineers who is the 1,200 Americans that aren’t getting on weapons transfers right away. As the are helping to rebuild Timor’s infrastructure. jobs,” Wachter said. President grapples with the myriad issues The other two, he said, are combat battal- The State Department verdict on the F- involved in adopting a strategy, weapons ions which are being withdrawn. “Human 5E transfer was, in Skow’s mind, a message transfers to Indonesia have emerged as a test rights zealots would have you believe ten to Indonesia from the U.S. “This was a shot case for the President’s as-yet undefined Indonesian battalions are . . . just waiting to across Indonesia’s bow,” Skow said, “using policy. kill somebody,” Skow said. Eidetics as a shell.” Clearly, both Congress The massacre of over 100 civilians by In- A Westerner recently returned from and the administration have expressed their donesian troops in the East Timor capital of Timor, who spoke on condition of anonym- concern over Indonesia’s Timor policy and Dili in November, 1991 was a watershed ity, has another view of the situation in have linked human rights and arms exports. event for organizations tracking Indonesia’s Timor. He said that while some construction Still unknown however, is how strongly human rights policies, and sharpened the projects are taking place, “they are more for these actions will affect Clinton’s arms debate on arms exports to the Pacific island [public relations] than anything else.” Also, transfer review. nation. Although East Timor had been oc- he said the presence of Indonesian troops cupied by Indonesia since 1975, the Dili “has become institutionalized” on Timor. “I CAN FEINGOLD SURVIVE massacre, as it came to be known, crystal- don’t think [those battalions] are the Army AUSTRALIAN -INDONESIAN lized opposition to any U.S. military aid or Corps of Engineers,” he said. weapons sales to Indonesia. Some members of Congress have forced LOBBY? In response to the massacre, in June the administration to address the linkage of Editorial, Matebian News, October 1992, Congress terminated funding for the human rights and arms exports by lobbying International Military and Education Train- against the F-5E transfer and introducing The Feingold Amendment on Human ing program for Indonesian soldiers. The legislation which specifically lists Indonesia Rights in East Timor - can it survive the major reason Congress used for this action as a human rights abuser. Senators Claiborne Australian -Indonesian lobby? was that Indonesian authorities had taken no Pell (D-RI), Russ Feingold (D-WI), Ted The Feingold Amendment, already significant steps to prosecute those respon- Kennedy (D-MA) and Tom Harkin (D-IA), passed by the Foreign Relations Commis- sible for the Dili killings. While arms exports wrote to Secretary of State Christopher in sion, signalled a new era for East Timor in were not affected, Congress sent a clear June to express their opposition to the F-5E the international arena. If anything, it message of growing impatience with the transfer. The letter said it would be “un- proved that East Timor has reached the East Timor occupation. wise” for the transfer to take place because heart of the International Affairs - The USA The backlash against Indonesia is gaining of Indonesia’s “abysmal” human rights re- Administration - and it is pumping new in Washington. This past July, the State cord. oxygen which enables further victories in the Department blocked the transfer of four F- Early last month, the Foreign Relations near future. Even if the Amendment put 5E Tiger II fighter aircraft from Jordan to Committee unanimously passed an amend- forward by Senator Feingold is to be de- Jakarta. The U.S. had reserved the right to ment by Senator Feingold which conditions feated on the floor of the Senate, the issue of approve any re-transfer of the aircraft under U.S. arms exports to Indonesia on im- East Timor will certainly not go away. the agreement which sent the attack jets to provements in its human rights record. Fein- Feingold Amendment is a very serious Amman in the 1970s. In announcing its gold said when his provision passes Con- defeat for Indonesia. It does not only show decision, the State Department said Indone- gress it will draw a “direct policy link be- that Clinton Administration is prepared to sia’s human rights record was a factor in tween U.S. sanctioned arms sales and human endanger millions of dollars in Arms Trade denying Jordan’s request. rights violations.” It is uncertain when this with Indonesia to emphasise Human Rights While the decision was hailed in the arms bill will come up for a vote. as fundamental issue; it also suggests that control community, it has its critics. Eidet- Also, a Senate source told ATN that Indonesia, whilst a dictatorship, no longer ics Corporation, a California-based firm, California Senator Diane Feinstein has had occupies the central stage in the broad spec- would have received a contract estimated at “informal conversations with [Senators] Pell trum of the US foreign. Instead, Suharto’s $30 million to upgrade some of Jordan’s and Feingold,” to see if they would be will- regime, a sophisticated dictatorship hidden remaining F-5Es if the transfer was ap- ing to create a set of conditions for Indone- under the cover of “guided democracy,” is proved. Eidetics believes the State Depart- sia to meet so the F-5E transfer could be increasingly becoming the focus of attention ment heard only one side of Indonesia’s approved by the State Department. By of the major democratic governments. Ex- human rights story from the Senators who early October the Senators had not agreed cept Australia! opposed the transfer. Bob Wachter, the on conditions and State’s likely reaction to The reason why President Clinton does company’s government representative, said such a letter was unknown. not bow to the “batik diplomacy,” can be State’s “decision was made based on Indo- Bob Wachter of Eidetics believes the is- explained by looking at his speech when he nesia’s human rights record from the view- sue of human rights is out of balance with addressed the South Korean National As- Page 78 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. sembly in Seoul, on the 10th of last July to raise the issue of East Timor in Tokyo, at artillery and armoured personnel carriers last. In his speech, President Clinton put a the time of G-7 meeting. The 43 Senators (APCs). lot of emphasis in freedom and democracy (almost 50% of the Senate) urged President They said one aim was to fully equip and stressed his pride for how much the Clinton “to keep an eye toward facilitating rapid deployment squads, including infan- American flag has been symbolising the serious negotiations at the United Nations try, mechanised, artillery and support bat- history of democracy. He quoted the fa- that might alter the unacceptable status quo” talions. An Indonesian battalion has about mous phrase of former US President, Presi- in East Timor. They also reaffirmed an ear- 650 men. The army has an estimated 160 dent Truman that “Free men, under God, lier Senate resolution (Nov. 1991) support- light tanks, 100 reconnaissance vehicles, can build a community of neighbours work- ing “the right of self-determination of the nearly 750 APCs and some 50 US made ing together for the good of all.” President East Timorese people” and added that any helicopters. Truman said this phrase 43 years ago when negotiations on the future of East Timor Military chiefs were quoted later as say- he sent American troops to defend Korea. should include East Timorese representa- ing that Indonesia would need a defence The troops remained there until today, but tives. budget of 5.0 trillion rupiah ($2,52 billion) under UN flag. This has been the language used by this for the year starting next April, up from President Clinton went on to stress his large group of Senators when referring to four trillion ($2.0 billion) in the current fis- conviction in the need for USA to lead the East Timor. Hopefully, the pro-East Timor cal year. world. He said: (...) Our global leadership lobby can overcome the Indonesian most has never been a more indispensable or a powerful public relations organisation: the INDONESIA SAYS IT WON’T more worthwhile investment for us. So long Australian Government. Prime Minister BUY RUSSIAN -MADE MIG-29 as we remain bordered by oceans and pow- Keating’s failure to convince President Clin- ered by trade, so long as our flag is the sym- ton’s Administration is a great relief for the JET FIGHTERS bol of democracy and hope for a fractious Timorese people. As the Timorese would 21 Oct. 93 world, the imperative of America’s leader- say: the soul of those 200 000 who lost ship will remain.” their lives to build a nation for the Timorese JAKARTA (UPI) – A government offi- In referring to his priorities for the Asian- People, proved to be stronger than the poli- cial said Thursday Indonesia has no inten- Pacific region, President Clinton stressed the tics of dollars. tion of purchasing advanced Russian-made need to give support for democracy and We hope all the positive steps can be MiG-29 Fulcrum jet fighters and will in- more open societies throughout this region.” transformed into well-coordinated actions so stead continue shopping in the West for the Although Clinton still uses the same line that, soon, an ever lasting peace can sprout aircraft. as his predecessor in defending the need to in East Timor. “We have been currently using Western have a military presence in the Asian-Pacific standard for our jet fighters. Though they region, his emphasis differ in the sense that INDONESIAN ARMY EYES were made in Europe or the United States, the engine still came from the West,” Re- he not only argues for the need to imple- EUROPE FOR ARMS, ment democratic regimes in the region but search and Technology Minister B.J. also introduce strong arguments to enable SOURCES SAY Habibie told Antara, Indonesia’s official his administration to act upon it. news agency. Reuters, 10 October 1993. By John Owen- Clinton said that the final security prior- Habibie said switching to a new standard Davies, Abridged ity of the USA must be to support the such as Russian-built jet fighters would spread of democracy throughout the Asian- (Jakarta) Indonesia’s army is looking to create problems, since Indonesia would then Pacific because, he added, “democracies not Europe for new weapons and vehicles for its need to alter all its supporting products and only are more likely to meet the needs and under-equipped troops, diplomatic sources spare parts. respect the rights of their people, they also say. Missions are likely to visit Britain, Habibie made his comments in response a make better neighbours. They do not wage France and Germany, possibly next month, report from India earlier this month that war on each other, practice terrorism, gener- as part of a drive to modernise the estimated Indonesia was planning to buy the Russian- ate refugees, or traffic in drugs and outlawed 215,000-strong army and equip up to six made MiG-19 Fulcrum jet fighters. weapons. They make a more reliable part- quick-moving battalions. Defense Minister Edi Sudradjat said re- ners in trade and in (...) dialogues.” The trips come amid problems with the cently that Indonesia was exploring the This seems to be why Indonesia is now US, this country’s traditional supplier of possibility of buying advanced warplanes under the microscope of the Clinton’s Ad- equipment such as warplanes. from other countries than the United States, ministration. It also explains why a senior “We are showing our independence on including Russia. Jakarta began considering White House official said that the admini- purchases,” the source said, referring to shopping elsewhere for jet fighters because stration will accept the Feingold Amend- issues involving Washington, including a Washington has linked the sale of military ment because it is “consistent with the tenor proposed Senate amendment linking future technology to Indonesia to the country’s of the dialogue we have been having with arms sales with human rights in East Timor. human rights record. Indonesia on human rights.” But there are also signs that Jakarta and Habibie also denied on reports that Ja- The critical question for East Timor is Washington regard the problems as little karta had been negotiating to barter its crude whether the Clinton Administration will more than irritants and feel basic ties be- oil for MiG-29 Fulcrum technology from pursue the issue of Human Rights applica- tween staunch Cold War allies will not be India. ble to East Timor to the extent of demanding rocked unduly. “It’s not true that we have had negotia- the implementation of the 10 (ten) resolu- “The army has been under-equipped for tions on the matter,” Habibie said. “It is true tions passed by the General Assembly and some time and now wants to get in on the that they have offered us such possibilities, the Security Council of the UN. act to modernise with badly needed equip- but the operation cost would be quite ex- There are reasons to be optimistic. These ment,” one diplomatic source said. Diplo- pensive since its supporting products are can be found in the statement of 43 US matic sources said Indonesia was expected too expensive, though the price of the Senators when they urge President Clinton to look to Europe mainly for light armour, fighter itself it not very expensive.” East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 79

Indonesia recently signed a deal with COMMITTEE LIMITS tant to their economy (as shown by their British Aerospace to purchase some 24 strong reaction to the threatened suspension Hawks 100 and 200 jet fighters to back up WEAPONS FOR INDONESIA; of trade preferences), and they are not likely its existing fleet of its U.S.-built F-16s. SENATE FLOOR ACTION to jeopardize it. Justice PENDING Especially significant is the bill’s re- A DIFFERENT MESSAGE TO quirement for the President to consider JAKARTA By Charles Scheiner, From November, 1993 whether Indonesia is bringing to justice “all issue of Network News, newsletter of the military personnel who were responsible for Editorial, The New York Times, November East Timor Action Network ordering, authorizing, or initiating” the No- 1, 1993. Full Text In an historic move, the Senate Foreign vember 1991 massacre of over 271 unarmed Relations Committee unanimously ap- Timorese protesters, which rejects Jakarta’s The plight of East Timor has nagged at contention that the “incident” was an over- American consciences since 1975, when proved an amendment linking arms sales to Indonesia to human rights in East Timor. reaction by low-level soldiers. The bill also Indonesia devoured this former Portuguese calls for consideration of Indonesia’s actions colony. The United States has never recog- The measure, which was proposed by Wis- consin Democrat Russell Feingold, was to reduce its military presence in East Timor nized Jakarta’s annexation of its tiny and to allow expanded access by human neighbor, but until recently Washington was added to the Fiscal Year 1994 Foreign As- sistance Act on September 8. It requires the rights organizations to the territory. loath to offend a powerful authoritarian Senator Feingold considered offering his regime that was an important customer for president to consult with Congress before approving major weapons deals. It is be- amendment to the Foreign Aid Appropria- U.S. arms. tions Bill on the Senate floor on September Creditably, the Clinton Administration is lieved to be the first time arms sales to a US ally have been tied to human rights con- 23, but decided not to because strong oppo- making amends, spurred by an international sition from J. Bennett Johnston (D-LA), outcry over the mass killings of unarmed cerns. Although the amendment’s original word- who threatened to use procedural maneuvers East Timorese protesters in November to defeat the amendment. Johnston was 1991. Earlier this year, the U.S. for the first ing would have barred all US arms sales to Indonesia until self-determination was encouraged by Freeport-MacMoran, a min- time joined in favoring a United Nations ing company with major projects in Indone- inquiry into Indonesia’s human rights achieved, it was modified after intense nego- tiations. Finally, the State Department sia, West Papua and Louisiana. In a press abuses. Now, with Administration support, release, Feingold explained that the amend- the Senate Foreign Relations Committee has promised not to oppose the bill, and Nancy Kassebaum (R-KS) praised it, saying it was ment has had an effect even without being unanimously approved an amendment to enacted: condition the sale and transfer of U.S. arms likely to pass. Charles Robb (D-VA), Chair of the Asia-Pacific Subcommittee, also gave “The United States position on arms to Indonesia on improvement in human sales to Indonesia has become increasingly rights conditions in East Timor. his assent. The full Senate may not act on the For- clear over the past several months. The The amendment, put forward by Senator cancellation of the F-5E sale from Jordan to Russell Feingold of Wisconsin, would re- eign Assistance Act. It was scheduled for floor action October 18, but as of this writ- Indonesia and the action earlier this month quire the President to weigh, in consultation by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee with Congress, Indonesia’s compliance with ing (November 10), it appears that Congress may not get to the bill this year. Preoccu- has sent a signal to Jakarta that we are con- specific steps, like providing access by hu- cerned about the continuing human rights manitarian groups to East Timor and ac- pied with other issues (Somalia, Haiti, health care, etc.), they are not looking for violations taking place in East Timor. Those counting for the victims of the 1991 massa- violations are an impediment to the cre. The need for access is underscored by more controversies. The possible submis- sion of a Clinton administration foreign aid strengthening of cultural, economic and mili- credible reports of yet anther crackdown in tary ties between our countries.” the territory. bill further clouds the picture. Adopting these conditions would not af- The Feingold amendment covers govern- Advocates Active fect non-military trade with Indonesia, but ment-to-government sales and licenses for Starting a week before the committee would address for the first time the contin- commercial sales over $14 million, which meeting, Indonesia’s supporters and arms ued abuse by an occupying nation of an occur a few times each year. Although it manufacturers lobbied hard against the unwilling people. It would begin to redress does not establish a legal requirement before measure, and they increased their activities the inconsistency between Washington’s sales are approved, there is clear Congres- after the committee vote. Although US sells vigorous punishment of Iraq’s annexation of sional intent and a politically binding con- fewer arms to Indonesia now than in the Kuwait and its past indifference to Indone- nection between human rights and arms 1970s and 1980s, the weapons industry saw sia’s comparable aggression. sales. The Indonesian and Australian press the bill as a dangerous precedent. Business And if Jakarta fails to understand the reported it as a “ban.” associations claimed that all US trade with changed American mood, President Clinton Indonesian armed forces spokesman Brig. Indonesia would be jeopardized, and warned will have a chance to amplify at the Asia Gen. Syarwan Hamid reacted strongly, say- of the loss of credibility of US weapons Pacific Economic Conference in Seattle later ing “By our standards we have implemented suppliers. this month. human rights maximally.” Foreign Minister On our side, a loose coalition of human Ali Alatas reiterated that “setting any po- rights, anti-arms trade and peace groups litical condition in any economic and finance worked together. The East Timor Action cooperation cannot be accepted.” Other Network sent numerous faxes and mailings Indonesian leaders called for diversifying to people across the country, concentrating their arms sources and reducing ties to the on states with swing Senators on the com- United States. Although Jakarta has bought mittee. We arranged for Irish parliamentari- more weapons from other countries in re- ans to fax Senators with Irish-American cent years, trade with the US is very impor- constituencies and helped motivate Wash- Page 80 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. ington-based and grassroots organizations to THE NEGLECTED The Cold War’s end and the increasing communicate to their Senators. As the DC application of human rights standards to arms control community realized the bill’s PROHIBITION: U.S. aid have resulted in a decline in U.S. significance, many took it up as a major U.S. ARMS SALES military aid to abusive governments, as can campaign. Some are now working on a Code be seen in this years foreign assistance of Conduct for US arms sales, which would THE RECORDER (San Francisco, Califor- budget. Paradoxically, Washington has con- specify general principles of human rights nia). November 2, 1993. By Holly Burkhal- tinued to approve arms sales to those same and non-aggression for buyers of US arms. ter and Stephen D. Goose. Excerpts governments, even though the identical hu- During the Foreign Relations Committee Holly Burkhalter is the Washington director man rights standard should govern under discussion of the Feingold amendment, the of Human Rights Watch, and Stephen D. U.S. law. There are today restrictions on administration accepted the committee lan- Goose is the Washington director of the certain types of military assistance to guage, but did not commit to support it on Arms Project of Human Rights Watch. China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Kenya, Sudan, the floor. Afterwards, State Department While Congress prohibits official aid to Zaire, Guatemala and Peru, but the U.S. careerists campaigned against the measure, proscribed foreign governments, private government continues to license sales of while National Security Council officials weapons sales continue under the approval military items to all of these countries. said they could live with it. Finally, a visit of U.S. licenses *** by Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating Over the past five years, the U.S. Con- In the case of Indonesia, Congress in helped clarify the White House position. gress has played an increasing role in limit- 1992, outraged over the massacre of East Keating’s Caution ing foreign aid, particularly military assis- Timorese men, women and children by the On September 13, Keating cautioned the tance, to governments engaged in human Indonesian army the previous year, ended Clinton administration that Washington rights abuses. This year was no exception. the Pentagon’s International Military Edu- should “tread softly” on issues of human The recently enacted foreign aid appropria- cation and Training program for Jakarta. rights in China and Indonesia warning that tions bill includes numerous limits, reporting Yet, again, millions of dollars’ worth of economic relationships could be endangered. requirements and human rights conditions commercial and government-to-government Keating’s comments were called “music in on U.S. assistance to countries with prob- arms sales have been approved by the ex- my ears” by a leading Indonesian Minister, lematic human rights records including Peru, ecutive branch. but the Melbourne Age characterized them Colombia, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Turkey, In the past two years, the United States as “a bit of rather pathetic toadying,” a view Tunisia, Egypt and Kenya. has approved licenses for hundred of sales that was widely echoed in Australia. Yet there is an important related area that to the Indonesian government, including Asked at a September 14 joint press con- Congress and the executive branch have yet spare parts for attack planes and counterin- ference about the Prime Minister’s con- to deal with comprehensively: American surgency aircraft, M-16 assault rifles, am- cerns, President Clinton replied: sales of weapons and other military items to munition, riot control chemicals and gear, “Let me mention, first of all, the United abusive countries. and numerous shipments of pistols, revolv- States does have a very strong position on LAW AND COMMERCE ers and machine guns. human rights, and I think we should. But The possible relationship of U.S. weap- that has not undermined our relationships, Interestingly, current law actually bars U.S. weapons sales to repressive govern- ons to abuses can be seen by an incident on commercial relationships and political rela- the Indonesian island of Madura, where on tionships with countries that we think are ments: S.502B of the Foreign Assistance Act prohibits military assistance and train- Sep. 25, three peasants were killed when making an honest effort to shoot straight Indonesian troops opened fire on a crowd of with us and to work with us.” After noting ing as well as sales of defense items to gov- ernments engaged in a “consistent pattern of peaceful demonstrators protesting the con- Indonesia’s importance, Clinton also ob- struction of a dam. The respected Indone- served: “We have questions about the issues gross violations of internationally recog- nized human rights.” Yet in 17 years since sian Legal Aid Institute issued a press re- of East Timor, as you know, and I think lease stating that the weapons used to kill you (Keating) do... too. But we have had the statute was enacted, the United States has provided generous military aid and sold the demonstrators were American-supplied good contact with Indonesia.” M-16s. The Indonesian army has announced This bill is now in legislative limbo. Sena- billions of dollars of military equipment to many governments that blatantly engage in that it will investigate the incident. tor Feingold will continue working on East To date, neither Congress nor the execu- Timor, both this year and in 1994. On No- the violations itemized in the law – including torture; cruel, degrading or inhuman treat- tive branch has taken seriously the legal vember 1, The New York Times editorial- prohibition on the sale of military items to ized in favor of the Feingold amendment, ment; disappearances; arbitrary detention; and other “flagrant denial[s] of the right to abusive governments (though this year the saying that “It would begin to redress the foreign aid authorization bill passed by the inconsistency between Washington’s vigor- life.” We in the human rights community have Senate Foreign Relations Committee pro- ous punishment of Iraq’s annexation of vides human rights conditions that the ex- Kuwait and its past indifference to Indone- had our hands full fighting to apply 502B to direct U.S. aid; successfully invoking it to ecutive branch must take into account when sia’s comparable aggression.” licensing certain sales of military items to Whether enacted this year or not, the stop sales of military items has been beyond the realm of possibility. But the situation Indonesia). Yet it is clear that arms sales will amendment has already mobilized and come under increasing scrutiny by Congress, strengthened East Timor’s cause in Wash- today is vastly different than it was in 1976, when 502B was enacted. Because the Cold as direct aid to abusive regimes continues to ington and across the US and has strongly dwindle. sent what the Times called “A Different War is over, invoking security concerns to Message to Jakarta.” justify military aid to abusive allies doesn’t *** work as well as it did in the 1970s and It is a scandal – an a violation of Ameri- 1980s, and Congress is taking an increas- can law – that our government facilitates the ingly dim view of military assistance to sale of billions of dollars’ worth of weap- repressive regimes. ons, ammunition and other military items to East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 81 repressive governments around the world. It ning, Georgia, is one of the training sites for Patrick J. Leahy, chairman of the subcom- is past time for the U.S. government to bring the Indonesians. mittee on Foreign operations, have urged the its policy on depriving abusive regimes of Last May, PDD issued a press release Administration to turn down any request by direct aid. revealing that the State Department was Indonesia to obtain training, even if it reim- reviewing a request from Indonesia to pur- burses the United States. chase F-5E fighter aircraft. Following a INDONESIAN MILITARY EXCERPTS FROM USIA FOREIGN OFFICERS STILL campaign by arms control and human rights groups – and intervention by Senators PRESS CENTER BRIEFING, TRAINED IN U.S. Leahy, Pell, and Russell Feingold (D-Wis.) – DECEMBER 8, 1993 the Clinton administration denied that re- Topic: U.S. Government’s Human Rights CLINTON ADMINISTRATION quest. However, since then, the administra- Policy and Human Rights Concern around CIRCUMVENTS CONGRESSIONAL tion has backpedalled, blocking an amend- the World. Briefer: John Shattuck, Asst. Sec. BAN ON MILITARY TRAINING FOR ment by Sen. Feingold to halt all military for Human Rights and Humanitarian Af- INDONESIAN OFFICERS transfers to Indonesia. According to Ros- fairs. Excerpts. News From the Project on Demilitarization siter, “this wobbling by the administration and Democracy. Contact: Catherine Sebold undercuts the very message that is sup- Q. I’m Jim Lobe from Interpress Service. phone 202-234-9382x260, fax 202-387- posed to be at the core of the Clinton for- Actually I have three questions. I apolo- 7915. Monday, December 6, 1993 eign policy: insistence that dictators stand gize in advance, but I’ll go through them back and allow their citizens to move to- very quickly. One on Haiti... The second Washington, December 6 ... An arms con- ward democratic rule.” is on Indonesia and the question of the trol group today revealed that officers from Representative Cynthia McKinney (D- sale of military education, whether – the Indonesian armed forces are being Ga.) and Sen. Mark Hatfield (R-Ore.) have MR. SHATTUCK: I’m sorry, military – trained by U.S. military personnel at bases just introduced a “Code of Conduct on Q. Education. In other words, enrolling in the United States. The director of the Arms Transfers” bill, which would ban mili- people in IMET [International Military Project on Demilitarization and Democracy, tary aid and sales to all undemocratic coun- Education and Training]-type programs Caleb Rossiter, charged that the training tries and human rights abusers. Over 50 since they’re not eligible for aid. Were circumvents a 1992 law cutting off military public interest groups are planning to kick you consulted on that decision? I’d like to aid to Indonesia after the massacre of over of a nationwide grassroots campaign in know. Which relates to my third question. 100 civilians on East Timor. He called on January to pressure the administration to I get the impression increasingly that the Clinton administration to, “put teeth in include such a Code of Conduct in its cur- what kind of anti-communism was in the the President’s call for democracy abroad by rent review of arms transfer policy. past vis-a-vis governments that might be ending all forms of military support for the Rossiter linked the issue of military train- human rights abusers, substantial eco- Indonesian dictatorship.” ing for Indonesians to the Code of Conduct nomic powers, especially those who might “Congress denied the funding the Bush campaign: “Indonesia is a classic case of a buy our exports in large quantity, may administration had requested for this train- country that violated the Code, and should become in the future. Essentially, Indone- ing,” said Rossiter, “and the chairs of the be denied U.S. military support. As in Pa- sia is buying a certain kind of export, two foreign policy committees wrote the nama, Somalia, Iraq, and Haiti, its dictator- which is military education, but generally Clinton administration that allowing Indone- ship uses its military power not to defend speaking, can you address this question sian simply to purchase the training with its its borders, but to repress its citizens. We of the relationship between the impor- own funds, ‘would be directly contrary to provided American weapons and weapons tance of making the United States an ex- the intent of Congress.’ We were surprised technology to those other dictatorships, and port superpower, as the administration to discover that this is precisely what the we and their citizens paid a terrible price for calls it, and human rights performance of Clinton administration has done, apparently that policy; the Code of Conduct would the countries to whom we are exporting? without even telling Congress.” keep that from happening in Indonesia an Researchers for the Project on Demilita- other unstable countries.” MR. SHATTUCK: [...] I think the issue of rization and Democracy uncovered the In- Indonesia that you raised – the United INDONESIA MILITARY ALLOWED TO donesian training a week ago while preparing States is beginning to use the IMET training a report on U.S. policy toward the Indone- OBTAIN TRAINING IN U.S. program that you referred to for a broader sian armed forces. In response to PDD’s The New York Times, December 8, 1993. purpose than merely military training. It’s inquiries, the Pentagon and the Indonesian Full text. also to train civilians in the control of mili- Embassy have both confirmed that the train- WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Reuters) -The taries and to bring about democratic instru- ing has occurred since the letter to Secretary Administration acknowledged today that it ments that have greater degree of control of State Warren Christopher was sent June is letting Indonesians obtain military training over military operations that may be the 30 by Senate Foreign Relations Chairman in the United States despite objections from case. That certainly would be the intention Claiborne Pell (D-RI) and Senate Appro- Congress. of some of the IMET programs that would priations Subcommittee Chairman Patrick Last year Congress cut off funds for such be used in Indonesia. Leahy (D-Vt.). instruction to protest an Indonesian massa- With respect to the issue of trade. That’s While the Pentagon’s Defense Security cre of civilians in East Timor, a former Por- a rather general statement that the question Assistance Agency, which oversees the tuguese colony, in 1991. The State Depart- suggests but let me be very clear that the training, refused to provide details on the ment said today, “Congress’s action did not U.S. does not subordinate human rights to number of officers being trained and the ban Indonesia’s purchase of training with its any basic issue of trade or economics and I content of their courses (calling it ‘proprie- own funds, but rather cut off United States think the very serious dialogue that I re- tary information’), PDD has confirmed that funding for possible training.” ferred before right now between the United the U.S. Army Infantry School at Ft. Ben- Senator Claiborne Pell, chairman of the States and China on that subject is very Foreign Relations Committee, and Senator clear. I also think I would refer to the case of Page 82 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

NAFTA and the ratification of the NAFTA countries in the Muslim world. And it cer- 5pm (Monday -Friday); 1pm(Saturday & in the United States. That was possible tainly is very clear in its reporting on human Sunday). The place where the exhibition will precisely because of the human rights and rights issues to make a strong distinction be held is: democracy situation in Mexico is improving between any human rights abuse that occurs Tom Nelson Hall, 61-63 Sussex Street and that the use of the instrument of and any particular religious orientation or Sydney, Building of the (Maritime) Water- NAFTA provides more incentives for im- background of any of the countries in which side Workers’ Federation of Australia. provements in human rights and democracy. its occurring. I think the problem of reli- PROFILE OF THE ARTIST ... gious-inspired human rights abuses and “Survival of a Culture: Through the Eyes religious and ethnic and racial conflict is a Q. (Name and affiliation inaudible.) One of of an Artist” is an exhibition of paintings by very serious problem throughout the world the things that supposed to be about this Sebastiao Silva, a Timorese who escaped to and by no means limited to the Muslim enhanced IMET program is as a tool to Portugal in 1984 and migrated to Australia a world. It is a problem that we have, in some induce more human rights values and ci- year later. ways, in our own country. We certainly see vilian supremacy over military. That’s In his paintings, the peaceful life prior to it in other parts of the world. It is an issue one policy. On the other hand, countries the Indonesia invasion and the consequent that affects Africa today. And it affects that consider to have human rights occupation of East Timor is portrayed viv- parts of the Far East. There is no question abuses are denied access to this enhanced idly in contrast with the uncertainties of the that the problem of racial, ethnic and reli- IMET. So I’m at a loss as to what is the life under the Indonesian occupation. gious conflicts is one of the gravest forces policy. On one hand, you want them to be But, unlike the beautiful arts and crafts driving human rights abuse today, and all the – to protect more on human rights. On where colourful materials like “tais” is pro- countries of the world and all the people of the other hand, you don’t let them come to duced through weaving from the inks of the world on Human Rights Day should this training. So what is the policy on it. plants like taun (blue), the bark from samtuk take note of what’s happening in this post- My second thing is, how do you answer to plant (red) the roots of the henuk (yellow) Cold War era as these ethnic and racial and this question that it’s very hard not to and the seeds of the meku (purple), paint- religious conflicts abound. have the impression that the U.S. and ings on canvas was not a Timorese tradition. also Western human rights policies is CHOMSKY ON IMET Only in recent years we witness the emer- discriminated against the Muslims? One gence of quite few Timorese talented artists. On Dec. 10, Noam Chomsky addressed of the examples is any human rights re- Their creativity and skills are solely a prod- the Covert Action Quarterly Anniversary port on Indonesia in 1991, despite the uct of their dedication and determination - (the speech was broadcast on CSPAN). He daily incidents, would say that there are not from attending any art school. briefly discussed the revelation that Indone- more extrajudicial killing in Atjeh than in Sebastiao Silva (“SESI” on his early sians are receiving military training in the East Timor. And yet you don’t hear much paintings), 30 years of age, was born in Dili. U.S., despite the fact that Congress cut off pressure from the U.S. or Western hu- He comes from a large family of farmers. He funds for such training: man rights groups about Atjeh. You hear grew up working in the rice fields, helping ..”.[The administration] explained that so much, so much more about East his father from an early age. this was not in violation of the congressional Timor, which is the non-Muslim minority After the invasion he attended the Exter- legislation because the congressional legisla- in Indonesia. So how do you answer that? nato S.José in Dili, a school run by Mis- tion banned military training that the U.S. Thank you. sionaries but, due to the activities of the was paying for. But if Indonesia pays for students, it became known as the heart of MR. SHATTUCK: Well, on the subject of the military training here, presumably using the Resistance in the Capital. IMET and indeed all of the various instru- funds that we give them for that purpose, It was in this environment that Sebastiao ments of foreign policy that all countries then that doesn’t violate the congressional began painting which mostly depicted peas- have in their bilateral relations with each legislation. So that’s the [Clinton admini- ants and their anguish lived day by day. other, there are ways in which they relate to stration’s] contribution to Human Rights Those painting could only be seen within – sometimes they relate to human rights, Day, and it demonstrates the, as I say, the the walls of his school, because it reflects and sometimes they don’t. In the case of refined sensibility of the administration in the feelings of the people against the invad- IMET, it is true that our legislation setting its human rights position...” up the International Military Education and ers. Training has not permitted expanded IMET Since he left East Timor it was only in civilian control – IMET for human rights – CULTURAL EVENTS 1990 he dedicated to restart with long to be extended to countries which have poor dreamed career, believing that through his human rights records. That is certainly a AND RESOURCES work he can help raise the awareness of the subject that is under review as we move into outside world to bring peace for his people an era where one of the critical human rights sooner, rather than later. problems in the world is better civilian con- EAST TIMOR He first exhibited in Portugal in 1992, trol over military. On the other hand, we PAINTINGS EXHIBITION with the support of Borja da Costa’s Foun- don’t want to be in a position where we’re dation, under the theme “ Pintura de extending assistance to a country that is From ETRA, 3 October 1993 Timor.” engaged in gross violations of human rights, East Timor Relief Association Inc. Early this year, another collection called that may, in fact, continue to violate them (ETRA) is organizing an exhibition of paint- “ Art with Timor” was also promoted suc- even as they receive additional assistance. ings by Sebastiao Silva, a Timorese artist. cessfully in Darwin, Northern Territory. We take - - on the subject of, as you put it, The theme of this exhibition is “Cultural Sebastiao favourite artists are Van Gogh a double standard and the issues of particu- Survival.” and Camillo Pissarro. Like Van Gogh, Sebas- larly our relationship with the Muslim This exhibition will be officially launched tiao concentrates his paintings on peasants world, I think the United States is very by Mrs. Gabi Hollows and will be open to and rural scenes - like the way he grew up proud of its many strong relationships with the public from 8-23 October 1993, 11am - East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 83 and memories of a past traumatic life he Reminds you of your Wonosari kin and occupation has taken 200,000 lives over won’t forget. the past 18 years. The aim is to share his experience with Ah, anything can happen in the battle These upcoming showings coincide with the people who supports the Timorese in Slaughterers taste their victims’ blood to several significant dates in East Timor’s their conquest for freedom but know little prevent ill omen history, which might be remembered to- about the essence of this Resistance: THE Or comrades killing each other is usual gether with the film: CULTURE. November 12, is the second anniversary Sebastiao is a part of a generation of Don’t tempt your instinctive voice of the Santa Cruz Cemetery massacre in Timorese that really have no choice but to That decries this mad, shameful slaughter Dili, East Timor, when Indonesian soldiers stand up to raise the voices of his people in I know: you kill to escape poverty fired on a peaceful memorial service, killing the outside world. It bears no relation to Suharto’s greed for over 270 people. His generation know only too well that if power November 20 is one year after the cap- they don’t do it, no one else will do it for Communist phobia, or Kissinger’s position ture of resistance leader Xanana Gusmão, them! Hence, on Southeast Asia who remains strong and committed after a “Cultural survival through the eyes of “show trial” while serving a 20-year sen- an artist...” You cock your rifle tence. To shoot the shadow that haunts menac- December 7 will mark 18 years of mili- See you all there! ingly tary occupation – and 18 years and one day –––––– Above the straight line connecting barrel after President Ford and Secretary of State The official launch took place on the 7th with target, you weep Kissinger gave Indonesian President General of Oct., last Thursday, by Mrs. Gabi Hol- Suharto the go-ahead for the invasion. lows of the Hollows Foundation. Apart Please, shoot! December 10 is International Human from the paintings and the artist, the event No-one will die Rights Day. was enriched by the presence of one hun- Because life is this: ETAN can provide organizing kits, mate- dred guests including elders of the Timorese Weary, but unable to stop rials, and suggestions for people interested community. A well presented cultural per- in helping moviegoers convert their outrage formance by members of the Timorese And your sins into action. Contact us at PO Box 1182, Community and Timorese traditional food Are your own burden White Plains, NY 10602, tel. 914-428-7299; completed this culturally rich event. Not even morphine will erase fax 914-428-7383 or email Yogyakarta [email protected] if you are interested. MY FRIEND THE SOLDIER March 1992 We will try to put you in touch with other people in your community who could help. Poem published in Inside Indonesia, a quar- INDONESIA MAGAZINES IN If you would like to bring Manufacturing terly publication by the Indonesia Resources OZ Consent to your own town, contact the and Information Programme (IRIP) in Aus- distributor, Zeitgeist Films, 212-274-1989, tralia. Their address is: Inside Indonesia, For you people in Oz who want to read fax 212-274-1644. PO Box 190, Northcote 3070, Australia. Indonesian magazines, let me recommend: These are the dates for showings cur- rently scheduled, in chronological order: KAWANKU SEORANG SERDADU Maroubra Oriental Grocery, 926 Anzac Pde, Maroubra NSW 2035 (in Sydney); ph Lou Sarna Port Angeles, WA 10/27 By: Bramantyo Cinema 21 Portland, OR 10/27 - 28 The author of this poem, Baryanto, was 02-349 5267; fax 02-349 7695. I’ve found them very punctual and helpful. They will The Movies Portland, ME 10/27 - 11/7 born in Indonesia in 1965. He has worked Northwestern Michigan College Traverse City, MI mail out to you magazines like Editor (AUD with Rendra in the Bengkel Theatre group 10/28 and has been writing poems since 1978. 7.20), Detik (AUD 2.00 + postage), Forum Mary Rietma Ross Film Theatre Lincoln, NE 10/28 Some of his poems have been published as Keadilan (AUD 4.50 + postage), as well as - 11/6 songs and sung by various Indonesian pop many other mags. Newport Performing Arts Center Newport, OR singers, including Iwan Fals whose cassette 10/31 - 11/1 “Belum Ada Judul” includes several Bra- UPCOMING U.S. SHOWINGS Tufts University Medford, MA 11/1 - 6 mantya numbers. He is currently publishing Nickelodeon Theatre Santa Cruz, CA 11/2 - 3 OF MANUFACTURING Western State College Gunnison, CO 11/2 - 4 a collection of his work. CONSENT: NOAM CHOMSKY Lenoir-Rhyne College Hickory, NC 11/5 My friend the soldier - AND THE MEDIA ClNEFEST Cincinnati, OH 11/5 - 11 Your eyes were swollen De Anza College Cupertino, CA 11/8 - 11 When you told of the battlefield of East Over the next few months, the award- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 11/10 Timor winning, feature-length documentary about Univ. of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 11/11 As steep and barren as Wonosari Noam Chomsky’s interpretation of the U.S. Smith College Library Northampton, MA 11/12 Your birthplace media will play in cities across the country. The Tower Theatre Salt Lake City,UT 11/12 - 18 This film includes an extensive segment on Lynn Levin Pacific Grove, CA 11/13 Syracuse Peace Council Syracuse, NY 11/13 - 14 Seroja strewn over dust East Timor and its (lack of) coverage by the press. SUNY New Paltz New Paltz, NY 11/16 For whom? Univ. of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney, NE 11/18 The East Timor Action Network/US has No-one takes blame for blood of the people Harvard Film Archive Cambridge, MA 11/19 - 28 been using Manufacturing Consent as a Cleveland Cinematheque Cleveland, OH 11/21 Your heart is true powerful and effective consciousness-raiser Drexel University Philadelphia, PA 11/22 Locked between the command and instinct and way to get people motivated to work to Red Victorian Movie House San Francisco, CA The bayonet’s victims, fallen head first, change U.S. policy toward East Timor, 11/26 - 28 mouth agape where the U.S.-assisted Indonesian invasion Cornell Cinema Ithaca, NY 11/28 - 29 Page 84 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Enzian Theatre Maitland, FL 11/28 Videos (All videos 1/2” VHS) This focus on the labour regulation con- Youngstown State University Youngstown, OH 12/4 __ Xanana. The human side of the East tradictions underlying EOI is elaborated Detroit Institute of Art Detroit, MI 12/5 Timor leader through the eyes of people through analysis of the following core is- Savoy Theatre Montpelier, VT 12/13 - 16 who have known him. (for noncommer- sues: SPSI’s strategic presentation of self cial use only) 30 minutes. $25. (Sections 2 and 3); the organisation’s role as RESOURCES FROM THE __ East Timor: Turning a Blind Eye. Pro- an organic part of the Indonesian state (Sec- EAST TIMOR ACTION duced by Paper Tiger Television. focuses tion 4); the state’s labour reform dilemmas NETWORK/US on US policy and the role of the media. and the prospects of greater freedom and Taped during the Spring 1993 New Gen- pluralism in labour organisation (Section 5); Send orders to ETAN/US, PO Box 1182, erations of Resistance Tour sponsored and finally, the likelihood of renewed inter- White Plains, NY 10602. Please add 20% for by the East Timor Action Network/US. national pressure for labour reforms and the postage and handling to all orders. (15% 30 min. $20. recognition of basic worker rights (Section for orders over $50.) 6). The first section of the paper comprises __ Cold Blood: The Massacre of East a brief historical overview of the origins and Books Timor. 55-minute British documentary evolution of state unionism under the New __ Telling: East Timor Personal Testimonies including Nov. 12, 1991 massacre. $25 Order regime so as to provide a context to 1942-1992, by Michele Turner, oral ac- __ Aggression and Self-Determination. the social and political dynamic of the above counts of ordinary East Timorese people, ETAN’s 28-min. video about US role. problems. recounting what they have witnessed. $20. Cost AUS$ 3.00 plus handling $20 You will be required to pay in Australian __ Indonesia’s Forgotten War: The Hidden AUTHORITARIAN STATE dollars with an international bank draft pay- History of East Timor, by John Taylor. able to an Australian bank. Invoice, includ- $20 UNIONISM IN NEW ORDER ing postage cost, will be sent with publica- Misc. INDONESIA tion. __ East Timor Key Chain. All metal with Postal address to order: New Paper from Asia Research Centre Pub- Stephen Frost relief of traditional house on one side and lications map of Timor on the other. $5 Editorial Assistant, Asia Research Centre By Rob Lambert; Working Paper No. 25 Murdoch University __ Picture Postcards of Timorese Life. Set October 1993. 41 pages. Murdoch WA 6150 of six cards (two each of three different Australia photos). $2.00 Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (SPSI), the state recognised trade union federation in __ Massacre: The Story of East Timor. Indonesia, is currently striving to present TIMOR ET TREMOR Amy Goodman’s award wining radio itself as a ‘free, democratic and autonomous documentary broadcast nationally last organisation’ respectful of International From: Martin Wesley Smith year on the anniversary of the Santa Cruz Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions on , Nov. 29 massacre. Recently updated and ex- freedom of association and collective bar- Last Saturday night the Sydney contempo- panded to 40 minutes. $8 gaining rights, whilst simultaneously main- rary music group AustraLysis premiered my __ Documents on East Timor. Regular com- taining the organisation’s central role in piece “Timor et Tremor.” Critic Roger pilation averaging 100 pages of news disciplining labour. The primary objective of Covell wrote the following in today’s Sydney analysis from around the globe. Sample SPSI’s attempts to control labour is the Morning Herald: copy, $8 ($10 international air mail) enhancement of Indonesia’s comparative ... Martin Wesley-Smith’s “Timor et T-shirts labour advantage in export oriented industri- Tremor,” in contrast, assembles details in alisation (EOI). The rigorous, all embracing __ Free East Timor with the FRETILIN quasi-documentary style of a heart-rending control of information and analysis by the flag, “To Resist is to Win - Xanana real-life story: that of Quito, a 26-year-old authoritarian state has ensured the obfusca- Gusmão” on the back. Red, white and schizophrenic musician and songwriter, who tion of the wide chasm between the liberal yellow on black. Specify size. $13. escaped from the Indonesian invasion of democratic image of SPSI as an autonomous __ East Timor: To Resist Is To Win with a East Timor when he was 11. entity presently being projected and the Quito was shot in the neck by Darwin photo of a young boy with his arms out- practices of an organisation that exists as an stretched in a victory sign in front of a police and charged with 10 counts of at- integral, organic component of the state’s tempted murder after making threatening banner at the Santa Cruz demonstration. economic apparatus. The adoption of this Large and Extra Large (specify size). $13 gestures with a knife during one of his recur- liberal mantle over iron discipline and re- rent bouts of psychotic delusion. __ East Timor: Indonesia’s Killing Field pression in the workplace is reflective of The charges against him were dropped, with a photo of a man in a cemetery with more general tensions and contradictions the composer tells us, the day before he was mountains in the background. within newly industrializing societies and to be tried; but Quito did not live to hear Both shirts have “End US Support of should form part of a wider debate over the that. Indonesian Genocide” or “End US Sup- issue of capitalist development and the He hanged himself in Royal Darwin port of the Indonesian Occupation” on changing character of authoritarian regimes Hospital on May 26, 1990. the back. Large and Extra Large (specify in Asia. This paper seeks to explore these The punning Latin title of the piece, size). $13 contradictions and their wider significance “Timor et Tremor” (Fear and Trembling in Button through analysing the evolution of authori- translation), is a phrase from a text set by tarian state unionism in New Order Indone- the Flemish master Roland de Lassus (Or- __ Free East Timor button (with a photo of sia. a young Timorese girl) $1 lando di Lasso, as he is more widely known) in the 16th century. East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 85

Wesley-Smith makes a musical reference lar view of tight security and en ever- As he said, at every checkpoint he was to this source and, as usual, draws on a wide present military control. stopped they asked for a permit, but he range of musical styles, from recitative to It is indeed surprising that some foreign- answered that he had none and that no per- his personal version of barbershop pop. ers are able to go around East Timor, some- mit had been asked previously. The farther David Hamilton (tenor) carried the bur- times quite extensively, without being espe- he went, the more the argument carried den of the elements of heightened eloquence cially stopped to do so. Yet it is indeed the weight, obviously... and expressive pathos in the story, inevita- case. I had lengthy discussions with two - One of them explained that, lately, no bly and appropriately making a contrast visitors who had been around, including less permits were asked en route within the between the shining timbres of his voice and accessible regions like Viqueque and Ossu, country - just paper checking. On the other the raw misery of the subject. without any major military interference. hand, whenever you arrive in a place, you Chanted and spoken words supplied de- Besides, it also happens that other visi- have to go to the police to declare your arri- flationary facts. tors are strongly restricted in their move- val. The chamber group of instruments ments, at the extreme prevented to leave Dili This paints a picture of a place where worked vigorously and economically to at all. Readers of this list have read such undeniably there is some control. But, al- project the confrontations between hope accounts posted from time to time. How to though this control can be described as and grim reality. explain these discrepancies? ‘tight,’ it cannot be described as ‘rigourous.’ With its directness of style, occasional I would like to give some elements for a The situation seems much different from, theatricalised gesture and the additional tentative explanation. Not having been to say, the late USSR where if you wanted to resource of its digitised visual projections, ET myself, I cannot give any first-hand travel as a tourist, you had to give a strict “Timor et Tremor” should make a worth- account, but just use the others’ testimonies itinerary and were stopped one kilometer while project for a short film or television and some imagination. away by the police in case you took the feature. The first thing is that there does not seem wrong road. It might help to rescue ABC TV arts to be a permanent and well- established need I feel this can be explained by two fac- programs from the tame-cat banality that for a permit (surat jalan) to visit East Timor tors: constants of the everyday life for the characterises most of them.” or internal parts of it. The closest I have military in East Timor and the relations In this piece the co-librettist (Peter Wesley- seen is allegations to possible visitors that travelers develop with the latter. Smith) and I tried to draw a parallel between they _would_ need such a permit to visit Constants of the everyday life: we are what was simultaneously happening to Quito and should have asked for it in Denpasar supposed to control but: it is hot; we are and to his homeland: both were being torn when they already were in Kupang. But was not well-paid; these aliens are difficult to apart by forces beyond their control. Quito it more than a way to discourage them? I understand; how to extract money from is dead. East Timor is not (it seems that the don’t remember to have ever heard of some- them? So, as long as there are no definite spirit of the East Timorese people will live one actually having been refused entry into orders, let’s not bother too much with com- on despite the appalling atrocities committed ET because he/she didn’t have the appropri- plicated things. against them - now as well as in the past). ate document. Relations between the travelers and the “Timor ET Tremor” is for tenor, flute (dou- Inside ET, I have read occasionally of military: those who visited Indonesia know bling alto & piccolo), clarinet/bass clarinet, people having been stopped at checkpoints how xenophile the Indonesian are (Bali ex- piano/organ, violin/voice & double bass, (outside Dili) and forced to go back. But I cepted). They are happy, perhaps proud, with tape and (optional) transparencies. think it almost always was the case of for- that foreigners come visit their country. Enquiries about this (or about other pieces eign journalists invited for a special oppor- This extends, sadly, to the military occupy- to do with East Timor) to the Australian tunity like the Portuguese journalists for ing East Timor. Both my friends described Music Centre [PO Box N690, Grosvenor Xanana’s trial. Most other times, it was many military in East Timor as cordial to Place, Sydney NSW 2000 Australia; tel: [61- typically argued that ‘no transport was them. They speak a bit of Indonesian and 2] 247 4677; fax: [61-2] 241 2873] or to me available.’ are capable to be quite friendly with military [[email protected]; tel: [61-2] What I mean is that there does not seem on their part, so no doubt they encouraged 810 2238; fax: [61-2] 230 3747]. to be any well-established policy of pre- this trend on their end. venting foreigners to travel around, but So I suspect that, from the military’s end I wonder how Timor got its name? Latin for rather orders at certain periods and a ‘pas- there is a basic sympathy towards Western- the word “Fear,” “Timor” seems re- sive’ resistance at other times. On the other ers, mixed with a suspicion taught by the markably appropriate. hand, controls do exist and are directed to- hierarchy. If they don’t find an overtly hos- wards foreigners as well as the East tile or distrustful foreigner, they are capable Timorese: paper-checking, for example. to be very pleasant - to him/her, that is. My MISCELLANEOUS To explain what may happen in practice, friends also described the outrageous con- ARTICLES here are a few examples: tempt these nice military showed towards - One friend’s bus was stopped at the the Timorese. border between West and East Timor. Eve- This assessment, of course applies more TRAVELLING IN EAST TIMOR rybody had to go down and show his/her to the lower hierarchy and possibly more to papers. He had no difficulty, however, to territorial troops than others. However, it is Comment from Bruno Kahn, October 11. point to the wrong number on his passport up to the motivated visitor to use his/her In his review of Norman Lewis’ ‘An to the soldier who had probably seen few talents to cope best with the military there - Empire of the East,’ Ian MacFarling says foreign passports, and even to let him be- while not alienating possible contacts with how he is surprised that Lewis visiting East lieve his middle name was actually his sur- the Timorese at the same time. Timor never gets stopped or refused a pass name! So the soldier noted down wrong As I said at the beginning, this is only an to travel around. His surprise comes from indications. assessment based on testimonies, not on the fact that this does not fit with the popu- - Another friend travelled extensively first-hand experience. Perhaps actual visi- through East Timor with a hired motorcycle. Page 86 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. tors can comment on this, in order to con- Most of the postings were characterized benevolent (as opposed to malevolent) char- firm or refute it. by ‘flames’ and ‘criticisms’ to each other, acter of integration. ––––––––– but they all carried within the realm of soli- Evidences tell us different story, how- darity, objectivity and nationalism of being ever, to the above views as the Indonesian Many thanks Bruno, for attempting to ex- Indonesians. has failed to gain the ‘hearts and minds’ of plain the confused pattern of treatment of Being an observer on Eastern Indonesian East Timorese. Based on my personal visits foreign visitors to East Timor. There are Studies, I feel obliged morally to share some to that tiny island several times in recent several points regarding Norman Lewis’s thoughts as response to the ongoing discus- years coupled with an extensive interviews experiences: sion. I my humble view, apart from other with prominent figures of the territory, I 1. He is an elderly man (in his eighties), and political perspectives, the idea of com- found that people in that area are living a seasoned traveler. Most Indonesians have memorating ‘the November 12 incident’ under severe pressure from the army occu- a traditional respect for age and this must (Official term in Indonesia) as shown in Den pation. Certainly many East Timorese suf- have been to his advantage. Haag by the ET sympathizers is fered from this bloody approach, they live 2. He and his daughter had the good fortune APPLAUDED. The main element here is to in their own fatherland but they are treated to pal up with three nuns from the Venilale show the solidarity of people (who are liv- like A BIRD IN THE GOLDEN CAGE. orphanage while on the plane from Bali to ing in a far, in countries which are at peace) An account expressed by that fellow in Dili and became their guests for most of to the victims (Over 100 young East Canada is considered ‘a seed for thought’ for their stay in East Timor. They travelled Timorese who had been gunned down by you guys (as outsiders) who have never round with people from the orphanage the Indonesian soldiers). I applaud a few been to ET. I have no intention to encourage which, from the point of view of ‘free pas- guys who have shown their voices of ac- you guys to go to East Timor, but if you do sage,’ was most helpful. knowledgment of ABRI political ineptitude have chance someday, I’m sure you’ll notice over East Timor. the situation remains as serious as ever, 3. Bruno’s account of the arbitrariness of As the dramatic date (November 12) although superficially one may notice LIFE control is probably as close to the truth as coming upon us, we are able to witness there seems calm and normal. I won’t elabo- anyone can get. What strikes me much more solidarity among the people in various coun- rate more though ! about the experiences foreigners have in tries who are vehemently protesting or dis- The Indonesian officials arrogantly travelling round East Timor is not that they agree with that bloody massacre. For exam- claimed that only 106 members of guerilla are prevented from doing so but that they ple in Canada (Ottawa, Toronto), in the US resistance remain in the mountains, and are often followed closely and watched for (New York, Seattle, San Francisco, Los flatly denied that there was any military any contacts they make with East Timorese. Angeles), in Europe (England, Den Haag, convoys laden with troops in full combat The East Timorese are well aware of this Paris, Lisbon) in Australia (Sydney, Mel- and camouflage gear could be seen regularly and avoid making contact with visiting for- bourne, Darwin, Perth) and Japan to name a heading up into the mountains. It’s a com- eigners for fear of being hauled in after- few places, most of people are driven to mon view inside East Timor (at least 10 wards to explain what they said. Norman commemorate the 2nd anniversary of the battalions are being deployed in that terri- Lewis and his daughter realised that they Santa Cruz Massacre. tory) It’s not proportional though ! And the were being followed when they went for a Views and comments expressed in this worst thing here is that the army officials stroll along the deserted beach in Dili soon net during these days seemed to ‘attack and use it an excuse to legitimate the presence of after their arrival and found it to be an eerie counter-attack’ whether the Den Haag that sizable battalions to build infrastructure and stressful experience. Demonstration is going to take place. What- in East Timor. Oh dear, how could they 4. Lewis’ voyage around the Indonesian ever happens, people in the outside world help the villagers if they’re still well- Empire is a very good read. I’d welcome can hardly stop themselves to express their equipped with M16 and other military any postings of reviews of his book and criticisms to the way of Indonesian soldiers equipment ??? would like to see Macfarling’s review, for a handling the case. It’s intolerable shooting at The Indonesians, for one, have handled start. the defenceless people which in this case the international outcry over the Dili Mas- Carmel, Tapol were young East Timorese students. No one sacre (Nov. 12, 1993) gradually if not con- expects this ever happens again in the future siderably getting better. This costs a lot to A REFLECTION OF THE either in East Timor or elsewhere inside the Indonesian officials in recent years as Indonesia. the international pressure is mounting. They DILI MASSACRE It is very difficult for our neighbours (the are now attempting to deal with the issue of From Lenito, anonymous East Timorese East Timorese people) not to get emotion- East Timor in the international arena as a email participant, November 12. ally affected whenever one thinks of their result of a huge number of ET sympathizers terrible sufferings for 18 years, and their sad from all over the world have consistently First of all, I wish to be pardoned for my plight at a time when we are fast approach- directed attention to the barbarous Indone- rather simplistic approach to the subject of ing the 21st century. . The cost of human sian occupation in East Timor by using East Timor ( a sensitive subject) which has lives is enormous and needs to be ceased. A dramatic eye-catching and reliable facts and indeed drawn attention of very eminent big home work for the officials in Indonesia. descriptions of human rights situation in activists, politicians, diplomats, and schol- Evidently, the Indonesians persist with East Timor. ars and has been studied in-depth from al- the classical views on development being In this light, I advocate to you guys out most all angels and perspectives. underway in East Timor since the Indone- there who defend the Indonesian pride and I have been closely following the on- sian occupation, that development conveys dignity, that it’s not an idea of interfering going discussion about (Demonstration in the message East Timor are working to- domestic matters as pointed out here before Den Haag on 12 November) among netters gether (not fighting), they are participating in this newsgroup, nor whose time has come in s.c.i. to commemorate the November 12, (not dissenting), structures are being built to visit East Timor, but it’s a fundamental 1991 Massacre in Dili, East Timor. (not destroying), living conditions are being sense of solidarity from people all over the improved (not ruined) and reinforces the world to express their concern. I believe the East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993. Page 87

Indonesians are generous enough to accept self- determination of the East Timorese STATISTICS REVEAL HARSH the transparency of its presence in East people.” When Clinton met Suharto in To- ECONOMIC TRUTHS Timor as the world is watching them consis- kyo in July, the U.S. president raised both The Times acknowledged that Indonesia tently. It’s a childish attitude if one claims East Timor and other human rights issues, under Suharto “is justifiably condemned for that the massacre had never taken place and so infuriating the Indonesian dictator that he tolerating rampant human rights abuses,” that video smuggled out from East Timor is made no secret of his feelings when inter- yet in the next breath, it invited readers to biased ! viewed on television later that day. “marvel at all that the Government’s pro- Therefore, without losing your generos- The regime’s exploitation of its work grams have managed to do to improve the ity, I urge you to think about the East force has also come under close scrutiny, lives of tens of millions of people” by hav- Timorese victims and relatives involved in following a report submitted by Asia Watch ing “lift[ed] millions out of poverty,” or, the Second anniversary of the Dili Massa- to the U.S. Trade Representative’s office elsewhere, “having spread wealth to rural cre, today November 12, 1993. Above all, documenting Indonesia’s repressive labor areas.” it’s an appropriate time to remember the practices. This led Washington to threaten Such claims are frequently voiced by Su- courage of young students who had been to withdraw duty-free access for a range of harto’s many admirers among diplomats and massacred, and think about the nature of the manufactured goods under the Generalized development officials, whose opinions pep- struggle and the total determination of the System of Preferences unless significant per this apologia. At the very time the re- entire people of East Timor which leads to changes are made in these practices by Feb- search for this article was under way, Indo- the ultimate objective “Freedom in Dignity ruary 15, 1994. GSP withdrawal would nesians had just heard some harsh truths and Peace for Justice.” affect Indonesian exports to the U.S. that about the spread of poverty that were so Thank you for your interest, were worth $642 million last year. devastating that many provincial governors Peace, “LENITO” TIMES COMES TO SUHARTO’S and district chiefs accused the statisticians DEFENSE of distorting the facts and portraying their INDONESIAN TYRANNY: A It is no coincidence that, with relations stewardship of society in an unfavorable PRICE WORTH PAYING between Washington and Jakarta falling on light. So loud were the protestations that the bad times, the New York Times should researchers were ordered back to their draw- By Carmel Budiardjo*, Lies of Our Times, devote a full page to assessing Suharto’s ing boards to redo their sums. November 1993. rule, neatly summed up in the title “As The week before the Times published its Indonesia’s military regime under Gen. Indonesia Crushes its Critics, It Helps Mil- paean to the virtues of President Suharto’s Suharto, one of the world’s longest-serving lions Escape Poverty” (Philip Shenon, Au- economic record, the statisticians were at it dictators, is running into deep trouble. Su- gust 27, 1993, p. A1). Nor is it a coinci- again, insisting that 20,633 urban and rural harto came to power 28 years ago, having dence that the article appeared less than two villages out of a total of 65,554 throughout masterminded a massacre that left an esti- weeks before the Senate Foreign Affairs the country have been classified as “poor.” mated one million people dead, but it has Committee was to consider an amendment This means that nationwide, impoverished taken world opinion almost as long to begin to the Foreign Aid Authorization Bill intro- villages account for 31.5 percent of the total. to see Suharto in his true light–a ruthless duced by Sen. Russell Feingold (Dem.- The regional breakdown, however, reveals leader who stands guilty of numerous crimes Wis.). As originally drafted, the amendment that poverty is far more widespread in the against humanity. would have barred arms sales to Indonesia outer islands, mostly in the eastern parts of It was only when the latest atrocity, a until the president certified that human the archipelago, than in Java and parts of massacre of nearly 300 people in Dili, the rights abuses have ended and self- Sumatra. The percentages range from 39.16 capital of East Timor, in November 1991, determination has been achieved in East percent in Southeast Sulawesi and 40.32 was recorded on video by a courageous cam- Timor. In the event, intense lobbying– pri- percent in Aceh (North Sumatra) up to eraman from Britain and witnessed by two marily from weapons contractors and other 53.96 percent in the Moluccas, 70.59 per- U.S. journalists, that public opinion in many corporate interests- -resulted in a watered- cent in East Timor, and 77.65 percent in Western countries began to challenge the down amendment recommending that the West Papua. Such figures make a mockery unstinting and uncritical support given by president consult with Congress regarding of the World Bank’s assertion, quoted by their governments to this particularly vio- the human rights situation in East Timor the Times, that “conditions of abject pov- lent regime. before granting approval for the sale or erty [have] dropped from 60 percent two Now at last, grassroots outrage in the transfer of military equipment. decades ago to 15 percent today.” U.S. against the Suharto regime is forcing Nevertheless, Feingold has described this CONDITIONS BETTER FOR Washington to re-assess its policy toward step as a “turning point ... drawing a direct INVESTORS THAN FOR WORKERS the Indonesian dictator. It led last year to policy link between U.S.-sanctioned arms The regime also received praise for reduc- Congress’s decision to end the International sales and human rights violations.” ing the economy’s reliance on oil and gas Military Education and Training Program to Seen in this context, the New York Times and promoting a rapid growth in manufac- the Indonesian armed forces, followed this was clearly sending a signal to Washington turing by taking “advantage of Indonesia’s year by the Clinton administration’s deci- that, for all his faults, Suharto is not all that cheap labor.” In other words, it’s an inves- sion in July to block Jordan’s sale of four F- bad, a man who has ruled Indonesia “with a tor’s paradise where sweated labor “turns 5E fighters to Indonesia, partly in protest grandfatherly smile and an iron fist ... re- out brand-name items known to American against Indonesia’s record of atrocities in making the Indonesian economy in a dis- consumers, from Nike sport shoes to Barbie East Timor, which it has occupied since tinctly Indonesian fashion; quietly, cau- dolls.” Not a word about the countless December 1975. tiously and deliberately, with a premium on strikes that have swept Indonesia’s indus- A month earlier, 43 senators wrote to consensus over individual freedom.” trial zones throughout West Java and other President Clinton, calling for a review of regions of Java where capitalists from all U.S. policy on East Timor to “facilitat[e] parts of the Far East pay their workers a serious negotiations ... pursuit of the right of dollar a day or less. According to the Legal Page 88 East Timor Documents, Volume 25. October 1 - December 12, 1993.

Aid Institute in Jakarta, 35 percent of work- vince people that he is no longer dedicated turns out that one of the managers of Indo- ers in Tangerang, the largest industrial com- to the “security approach” but believes in nesia’s lobbying effort, employed by its plex in West Java, are children who earn less “openness,” “justice,” and “a fairer distribu- public relations firm, Burson Marsteller, is than half this amount. These strikes take tion of the nation’s wealth.” The deep ri- none other than David Andelman. Not much place in defiance of company unions with valry between Suharto and the armed forces of a stretch for Andelman from Times re- the military ready to step in and bludgeon over the country’s future leadership has porter to Indonesia lobbyist. the workers on the pretext of “protecting created a situation in which pro- democracy property.” forces are testing the capacity of the regime The Times writer would not have needed to keep its apparatus of repression in place to leave his hotel room to discover all this. as the prospect of a post- Suharto era looms The English-language Jakarta Post records large. these strikes almost daily. In September, the While voicing concern about what will Post reported a strike by 6,000 workers at follow Suharto, the Times refrained from PT Khongtai Indonesia Shoe Manufacturers, mentioning the method by which Suharto which produces Reebok shoes; they put himself seized power from his predecessor down their tools after being forced to work in 1965. Instead it talked of the country longer hours for less money, even though having been “convulsed by an anti- they were already receiving less than the Communist bloodbath, a result of a failed government- fixed minimum wage, which is coup attributed by the government to the severely inadequate. Indonesian Communist Party.” That it was MAINTAINING “STABILITY” Suharto who commanded the troops who EXACTS AN ENORMOUS COST went on the rampage against defenseless The article also raised the specter of dis- peasants and workers was a fact not hinted integration as in Yugoslavia or descent into at. Nor did the Times acknowledge that rule by “Muslim fundamentalists,” should more and more people, even among Su- Suharto cease to be president. Disintegration harto’s old comrades-in-arms in the armed is seen as the most serious threat, but the forces, have come to believe that the so- Times assured potential investors that “Mr. called “communist coup attempt” was mas- Suharto has always been willing to resort to terminded by none other than Suharto him- force to hold the country together” even self. though his “ruthless campaign against sepa- The Clinton administration and Congress ratists has drawn condemnation from rights are under intense pressure to apply the groups and foreign governments.” As for the principles of human rights and democracy in serious challenge to Indonesian rule in East their recurrent reevaluation of policy toward Timor, West Papua, and Aceh, “The Indo- one of the U.S.’s staunchest allies. It is nesian security forces appear to have sepa- hardly surprising that as the battle rages, the ratist movements on the run in all three Jakarta lobby will use all means at its dis- provinces.” Such reassurances of stability posal to neutralize the shift in public opin- overlook the cost: A third of the population ion in the U.S. since the Dili massacre of of East Timor has been slain since 1975, 1991. As the Times cannot portray Suharto some 5,000 have been killed in the last two as benign, it argues instead that ruthlessness years in Aceh, and the death toll in West and the iron fist are a price worth paying for Papua since the mid-1960s is thought to successful economic growth. exceed 100,000. Such details are absent from *Carmel Budiardjo is the Organizing Secre- this glorification of Indonesia’s tyrannical tary of the London-based Tapol, an organi- but beneficent ruler. zation that reports on and lobbies for But we must all admit that whatever else greater human rights in Indonesia and East he is, Suharto is not immortal. “Whatever Timor, and the editor of its Tapol Bulletin. they think of him, Indonesians worry inces- You can write to Tapol at 111 Northwood santly about what will become of the coun- Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey CR7 8HW, try when the President, who is 72, leaves United Kingdom. office ... will Suharto’s successors follow the same often-brutal path and could ethnic ANOTHER REVOLVING DOOR rivalries grow?” Or again, “After Suharto, By Edward S. Herman what perils lurk?” Here is a gross misrepresentation of When Indonesia invaded East Timor in growing public awareness in Indonesia that 1975, the New York Times reporter cover- the country stands on the brink of major ing the story was David Andelman. His political change. Criticism of Suharto and his misrepresentations and apologetics served offspring along with their cronies, whose the Indonesian cause well (see Noam Chom- rapacious business dealings penetrate all sky and Edward S. Herman, The Washing- sectors of the economy, has so undermined ton Connection [Boston: South End Press, the position of the Indonesian dictator that 1979], pp. 145-50). he has been forced to make one apparent Now in 1993, as the battle over military political concession after another to con- aid to Indonesia rages in Washington, it