DOCSLIB.ORG

Scaling up Child Protection: a Framework for the Future Vol. 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scaling up Child Protection: a Framework for the Future Vol. 1 DISCUSSION PAPER 01/2020 Scaling up Child Protection: A Framework for the Future Vol. 1: Laying a Foundation for Going to Scale i UNICEF CHILD PROTECTION PROGRAMME DIVISION ii Acknowledgements UNICEF (New York) has commissioned and overseen preparation of this Discussion Paper on Scaling Up Child Protection: A Framework for the Future. The Discussion Paper was prepared by Philip Goldman, Mari Hickmann and Francesca Stuer of Maestral International. The team extends its sincere appreciation to Sumaira Chowdhury, Ramya Subrahmanian, Aniruddha Kulkarni, Aaron Greenberg, Brendan Ross and Rocio Aznar Daban of UNICEF for their oversight, advice and counsel during the preparation of the paper. The team would also like to thank the key informants for sharing their experience, guidance and insights, which proved invaluable to paper preparation. They include the following UNICEF representatives and the countries they were stationed in at the time of the interview: Cornelius Williams (NYC), Stephen Blight (NYC), Astrid Dionisio (Indonesia), Johanna Eriksson (Lebanon), James Gray (Turkey), Luis Gorjon (Pakistan), Hennie Kama (Papua New Guinea), Milen Kidane (Nigeria), Maria Lily (Nicaragua), Patricia Lim Ah Ken (Rwanda), Dani Koleva (Bulgaria), Micaela Pasini (Pakistan) and Stephanie Shanler (Tanzania). Key informant quotations that are cited in the text are at times paraphrased. Joanna Ison (Maestral International) provided extensive support during the preparation process. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNICEF. All material in this Discussion Paper is the sole responsibility of the authors. Cover graphic courtesy of Presenter Media. iii Table of Contents ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................. V KEY DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................... VI I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 8 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 8 III. OBJECTIVE AND CONTEXT ....................................................................................................... 10 IV. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 10 V. SCALING UP: DEFINITION ......................................................................................................... 11 VI. SCALING UP: CONTEXT .............................................................................................................. 12 A. CHILD PROTECTION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE .................................................................................................. 12 B. THE EMERGENCE OF CHILD PROTECTION ON THE GLOBAL AGENDA ........................................................................... 15 C. WHY IS CHILD PROTECTION NOW GAINING GROUND GLOBALLY? ............................................................................. 17 VII. CHILD PROTECTION: ADDRESSING SCALING UP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................................................................................... 22 A. COVID-19 AND CHILD PROTECTION ................................................................................................................... 22 B. FRAMING AND ADVOCATING FOR A CHILD PROTECTION ‘SYSTEM’ ............................................................................ 25 C. EXPLAINING AND CONCEPTUALIZING CHILD PROTECTION ....................................................................................... 26 D. THE CONTINUUM OF CHILD PROTECTION SERVICES ............................................................................................... 29 E. SCALING WHAT WORKS (AND AVOIDING WHAT DOES NOT) .................................................................................... 34 F. POLITICAL WILL AND FINDING SCALING LEADERS .................................................................................................. 36 G. ADDRESSING SOCIAL NORMS ........................................................................................................................... 38 H. COMMUNICATION FOR CHILD PROTECTION SCALING ............................................................................................. 39 I. INFORMATION AND DATA MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................... 44 J. CHALLENGES WITH UNICEF’S BUSINESS MODEL .................................................................................................... 46 K. RESOURCES FOR CHILD PROTECTION SCALING ...................................................................................................... 46 L. SCALING IN FRAGILE, HUMANITARIAN AND EMERGENCY CONTEXTS .......................................................................... 49 VIII. SCALING UP CHILD PROTECTION: THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .......................... 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................... I iv Acronyms AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ECARO Europe and Central Asia Regional Office ESARO East and Southern Africa Regional Office FGM/C Female genital mutilation and cutting GDP Gross domestic product HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HQ Headquarters LMICs Lower middle-income countries MSI Management Systems International PSS Psychosocial support SDGs Sustainable Development Goals UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development VAC Violence against children WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene v Key definitions1 Alternative Care A formal or informal arrangement whereby a child is looked after at least overnight outside the parental home, either by decision of a judicial or administrative authority or duly accredited body, or at the initiative of the child, his/her parent(s) or primary caregivers, or spontaneously by a care provider in the absence of parents Case Management The process of ensuring that an identified child has their needs for care, protection and support met. This is usually the responsibility of an allocated social worker who meets with the child, the family, any other caregivers, and professionals involved with the child in order to assess, plan, deliver or refer the child and/or family for services, and monitor and review progress Child and Youth Children and young people influencing issues affecting their lives, by Participation speaking out or taking action in partnership with adults Child Protection Ensuring that every girl and boy is protected from violence and exploitation, in both humanitarian and development contexts [UNICEF] Child Protection Certain formal and informal structures, functions and capacities that have System been assembled to prevent and respond to violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation of children [UNICEF] Gender-Based Violence An umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females. Examples include: sexual violence, including sexual exploitation/abuse and forced prostitution, domestic violence, trafficking and forced/early marriage Neglect Deliberately, or through carelessness or negligence, failing to provide for, or secure for the child, their rights to physical safety and development (e.g., abandonment, the failure to properly supervise and protect children from harm as much as is feasible, the deliberate failure to carry out important aspects of care which results or is likely to result in harm to the child, the deliberate failure to provide medical care or carelessly exposing a child to harm) Physical Abuse Physical abuse involves the use of violent physical force so as to cause actual or likely physical injury or suffering (e.g., hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating, female genital mutilation, torture) Safeguarding The values and procedures to be upheld by those working with children and young people in order to protect them from all forms of abuse, exploitation and violence 1 Unless otherwise noted, these terms are drawn from the Better Care Network’s ‘Glossary of Key Terms’. See https://bettercarenetwork.org/toolkit/glossary-of-key-terms. vi Scaling Up The process whereby governments, agencies and organizations expand, adapt and sustain successful policies, programmes and services in geographic space and over time to strengthen the effectiveness and impact of the child protection system [Source: this paper] Social Protection A wide range of activities undertaken by societies to alleviate hardship and respond to the risks that poor and vulnerable people face and to provide minimum standards of well-being. This includes services and financial transfers Social Services Services provided by public or private organizations aimed at addressing the needs and problems of the most vulnerable populations, including those stemming from violence, family breakdown, homelessness,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Critique of Federal Family Preservation Policy
    University of Pennsylvania Law School Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship 1999 Is There Justice in Children's Rights?: The rC itique of Federal Family Preservation Policy Dorothy E. Roberts University of Pennsylvania Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Family Law Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, and the Social Policy Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Dorothy E., "Is There Justice in Children's Rights?: The rC itique of Federal Family Preservation Policy" (1999). Faculty Scholarship. Paper 587. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/587 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IS THERE JUSTICE IN CHILDREN'S RIGHTS?: THE CRITIQUE OF FEDERAL FAMILY PRESERVATION POLICY Dorothy E. Roberts* I. INTRODUCTION: PITTING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AGAINST FAMILY PRESERVATION In November 1997 President Clinton signed the Adoption and Safe Families Act ("ASFA" or the "Act"),' aimed at dou- bling the number of children adopted annually by 2002.2 ASFA represents a dramatic shift in federal child welfare phi- losophy from an emphasis on the reunification of children in foster care with their biological families toward support for the adoption of these children into new families. The Act's predecessor, the AdoPtion Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 ("1980 Act"), encouraged states to replace the costly and disruptive out-of-home placements that had dominated child welfare practice with preventive and reunification pro- * Professor, Northwestern University School of Law: Faculty Fellow, Institute for Policy Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Meanings of Family Issue FF26
    Multiple Meanings of F Family Focus On... Multiple Meanings of Family Issue FF26 IN FOCUS: The Family Family Definitions Continuum page F1 Policy, Gender Power, and amily Family Outcomes page F2 Definitions Continuum Discourse-Dependent Families page F4 Family Values Reconsidered page F5 by Mellisa Holtzman, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Children’s Experiences as Siblings Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana in Diverse Family Structures page F7 efining exactly what one means parenthood, gay and lesbian marriage and Family Structure from the by “the family” can be difficult. parenting, infertility technologies, and the Perspective of Children page F8 D While no single legal definition of potential outcomes of human cloning. Social Fathers page F10 the family exists, policymakers at both the Moreover, given that social and techno- Lives of Foster Parents page F11 state and federal level generally classify logical changes continue to precipitate International Adoptive individuals as family members if they are changes in the structure and meaning of Families page F12 related to each other by virtue of blood, family, understanding how individuals marriage, or adoption. Relationships that choose between definitions of Adopting Children with are not based on one or more of these the family is Developmental Disabilities page F13 criteria usually do not receive state This framework allows crucial. Yet, it Infertile Couples page F15 recognition or sanction. us to contextualize is unlikely that When is a Grandparent Not a we will come to Yet few people would argue variations in family Grandparent? page F16 understand indi- with the idea that family is definitions and understand viduals’ choices Family Identities of Gay Men page F17 based on something more than their implications.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Preservation in Families' Ecological Systems
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2010 Family preservation in families’ ecological systems: Factors that predict out-of-home placement and maltreatment for service recipients in Richmond City Jody Hearn Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Social Work Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2086 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Jody Lynn Hearn, 2010 All Rights Reserved Family preservation in families’ ecological systems: Factors that predict out-of-home placement and maltreatment for service recipients in Richmond City A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. by Jody Lynn Hearn BS, Davidson College, 2002 MSW, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2005 Director: Melissa L. Abell Associate Professor, School of Social Work Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia April, 2010 Acknowledgement I humbly offer my sincerest gratitude to all those who supported me from start to present. So many have contributed in the form of instrumental and emotional support to ensure the quality and value of this project and my experience conducting it. I’m grateful for my long-time advisor and dissertation chair, Dr. Melissa Abell and my committee member and mentor Dr. Mary Katherine O’Connor for compelling my independence and individual growth and for their unflinching belief in my aptitude.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Family Preservation and Why Does It Matter?
    Journal of Family Strengths Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 4 2001 What is Family Preservation and Why Does it Matter? J. McCroskey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs Recommended Citation McCroskey, J. (2001) "What is Family Preservation and Why Does it Matter?," Journal of Family Strengths: Vol. 5 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs/vol5/iss2/4 The Journal of Family Strengths is brought to you for free and open access by CHILDREN AT RISK at DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center. It has a "cc by-nc-nd" Creative Commons license" (Attribution Non- Commercial No Derivatives) For more information, please contact [email protected] McCroskey: What is Family Preservation and Why Does it Matter? Editorial What Is Family Preservation and Why Does It Family Preservation Issues Matter? Over the past 25 years plus of Family Preservation programs, several issues have emerged, sometimes over and over. In fact, whether or not a family focus will exist continues to be discussed in some quarters. Jacquelyn McCroskey This Journal through numerous articles has explored these critical controversies. This Journal issue provides an overview of these issues and by doing so provides insight into the This paper describes competing ideas about family preservation, defined both as a defined ongoing support and need for Family Preservation principles, programs, and values. program of social services and a philosophical approach to helping troubled families. A What is Family Preservation, what does the research show is effective practice, is there straightforward definition has become almost impossible because the phrase has taken on funding, and what policies should there be, are some of the questions addressed in this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Responding to Child Victims of Human Trafficking
    STATE STATUTES Current Through December 2018 WHAT’S INSIDE State agency Responding to Child Victims responsibilities of Human Trafficking Training requirements Human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking, Diversion from prosecution has emerged as a specific responsibility for child welfare agencies due to the high risk of exploitation Services and supports for children and youth involved in child welfare. for victims The potentially unstable living situations, physical distance from friends and family, history of trauma, Support for anti- trafficking efforts and emotional vulnerability can put these children at risk for being targeted by traffickers.1 Federal Summaries of State laws laws require child welfare agencies to respond in specific ways to reports of child sex trafficking. To find statute For example, the Preventing Sex Trafficking and information for a Strengthening Families Act (P.L. 113-183) amended particular State, go to title IV-E with provisions to prevent and address sex trafficking of children in foster care by requiring https://www.childwelfare. that title IV-E agencies do the following with regard gov/topics/systemwide/ laws-policies/state/. to children or youth who may become victims of trafficking: Develop policies and procedures for identifying, documenting in agency records, and determining appropriate services for any child or youth over whom the title IV-E agency has responsibility and who the agency has reasonable cause to believe is, or is at risk of being, a victim of sex trafficking 1 For further background information on this issue, see the Child Welfare Information Gateway publication Human Trafficking and Child Welfare: A Guide for Child Welfare Agencies at https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/trafficking-agencies/.
    [Show full text]
  • Guatemala Passes Domestic Legislation to Implement Hague Adoption Convention; but Does It Help the Children
    Law and Business Review of the Americas Volume 15 Number 3 Article 7 2009 Guatemala Passes Domestic Legislation to Implement Hague Adoption Convention; but Does It Help the Children Melissa Long Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/lbra Recommended Citation Melissa Long, Guatemala Passes Domestic Legislation to Implement Hague Adoption Convention; but Does It Help the Children, 15 LAW & BUS. REV. AM. 631 (2009) https://scholar.smu.edu/lbra/vol15/iss3/7 This Comment and Case Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law and Business Review of the Americas by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. GUATEMALA PASSES DOMESTIC LEGISLATION TO IMPLEMENT HAGUE ADOPTION CONVENTION; BUT DOES IT HELP THE CHILDREN? Melissa Long* I. INTRODUCTION ENERALLY, international adoptions are a very positive means for providing homes for unwanted children from countries that do not have the means to take care of the children, saving them from a bleak future of moving from on foster home to another, spending their lives in an orphanage, or living on the street.1 "Adoption is not about getting a child for a family that needs it, just like buying merchan- '2 dise... It is about getting a family for a child that really needs one." "[I]nternational adoptive parents and children meet across lines of differ- ence involving not just biology, but also socio-economic class, race, ethnic and cultural heritage, and nationality" which can lead some to argue that international adoption is not always the best option for children in need 3 of a home.
    [Show full text]
  • Promising Practices to Engage Families and Support Family Preservation
    Journal of Family Strengths Volume 6 Issue 2 Article 5 2002 Promising Practices to Engage Families and Support Family Preservation Marianne Berry Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs Recommended Citation Berry, Marianne (2002) "Promising Practices to Engage Families and Support Family Preservation," Journal of Family Strengths: Vol. 6 : Iss. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs/vol6/iss2/5 The Journal of Family Strengths is brought to you for free and open access by CHILDREN AT RISK at DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center. It has a "cc by-nc-nd" Creative Commons license" (Attribution Non- Commercial No Derivatives) For more information, please contact [email protected] Berry: Promising Practices to Engage Families and Support Family Preserv Promising Practices to Engage Families and Support Family Preservation Marianne Berry The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) is the latest legislation in two decades of important child welfare policy in the United States. The Adoption and Safe Families Act has served to shorten the period of time that caseworkers and families have to show that families are making progress toward family preservation, with permanency decisions being made after 12 months, rather than 18. The importance of engaging and motivating families in services has therefore increased. The practice directive of ASFA can be summarized as 'Act Smart, Fast, and Accountable. " Using findings from largely correlational research, concrete recommendations are made to ensure that practices to preserve families are smart, fast, and accountable, particularly critical given these new timeframes. The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) is the latest legislation in two decades of important child welfare policy in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Updated Policy
    Additional Updated Policy Table of Contents Chapter 1 Administration 1.8 Child Welfare Funding - Title IV-E Foster Care Maintenance Payments Chapter 3 Assessment and Investigation and Chapter 4 Family Preservation 300 / 400 Child Protective Services Alerts Chapter 16 Special Projects 1600 Sex Trafficking Policy 1610 Plan of Safe Care for Substance Affected Infants 1620 Persons with Disabilities Right to Parent Act State of South Carolina Department of Social Services Child Welfare Policy: Chapter 1: Administration, Section 1.8: Child Welfare Funding Subject: Title IV-E Foster Care Maintenance Payments Authority: Family First Prevention Services Act of 2018, Public Law 115-123 Standards: N/A Application: All Child Welfare Programs Policy Statement: Title IV-E eligibility determination must be completed for every child that enters out-of-home care. In addition, a Title IV-E eligibility determination must be completed each time an out- ofhome care episode begins. There are two (2) categories of Title IV-E eligibility criteria that impact a child’s status: 1. Initial eligibility; and 2. Ongoing eligibility. Purpose: The South Carolina Department of Social Services (SCDSS) will utilize Title IV-E Foster Care funding (Title IV-E), a federal program that is authorized under and administered in accordance with Title IV-E of the Social Security Act. Children placed Federal foster care regulations allow title IV-E agencies to claim foster care with parents in a maintenance payments (FCMPs) for a child placed with a parent in a licensed licensed residential family-based treatment facility for substance abuse for up residential to 12 months in accordance with requirements in sections 472(j) and family-based 472(a)(2)(C) of the Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Reasonable Efforts to Preserve Or Reunify Families and Achieve
    STATE STATUTES CURRENT THROUGH SEPTEMBER 2019 Reasonable Efforts to Preserve or Reunify Families and Achieve Permanency for Children To find statute information for a particular State, go to https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/state/. "Reasonable efforts" refers to activities of State WHAT'S INSIDE social services agencies that aim to provide the assistance and services needed to preserve and What are reasonable efforts? reunify families. The Federal title IV-E program requires States to make reasonable efforts to preserve and reunify families (i) prior to the When reasonable efforts are required placement of a child in foster care, to prevent or eliminate the need for removing the child from the child’s home; and (ii) to make it possible for When reasonable efforts are not required a child to safely return to the child's home.1 Laws in all States, the District of Columbia, Summaries of State laws Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands require that child welfare agencies make reasonable efforts to provide services that will help families remedy the conditions that brought the child and family into the child welfare system. 1 42 U.S.C. § 671(a)(15) (2018) Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS | 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov 1 WHAT ARE REASONABLE WHEN REASONABLE EFFORTS EFFORTS? ARE REQUIRED The statutes in most States use a broad Federal law has long required State agencies definition of what constitutes reasonable to demonstrate they made reasonable efforts efforts. Generally, these efforts consist to provide assistance and services to prevent of accessible, available, and culturally the removal of a child from his or her home appropriate services that are designed to and to make it possible for a child who has improve the capacity of families to provide been placed in out-of-home care to be safe and stable homes for their children.
    [Show full text]
  • A Roadmap for Child Protection and Care System Reform for Governments in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Beyond institutional care A roadmap for child protection and care system reform for governments in Latin America and the Caribbean Supported by © UNICEF/UNI134957/Dormino Welcome Welcome Across Latin America and the Caribbean, countries reforming national systems in order to strengthen have been reforming their child protection and families and ensure that children who lack Welcome care systems in line with the United Nations parental care receive the alternative care that best Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) suits their best interest. and the 2009 UN Guidelines for the Alternative to Beyond Institutional Care Aligned with the principles of the UNCRC and Care of Children (hereafter, the UN Guidelines). the recommendations of the UN Guidelines, this Progress is being made: most states have reformed Roadmap puts a framework for action, real-world their legislation in line with the UNCRC, many examples, tools, resources, and technical advice have created new and stronger child protection directly into the hands of government decision- architectures and some have diversified their offer makers and policy-makers, giving them the by promoting family strengthening and family know-how to plan and bring about real change based care programmes in their own countries. Beyond Institutional Care However, there is still progress to be made in was developed to distil practical advice from ensuring the rights of children without parental specialists in the field who have led complex care. This is particularly timely as 2019 marked the deinstitutionalisation programmes on the ground 10th anniversary of the UN Guidelines, the 30th at sub-national, national and regional levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Preservation and Fatalities: the Effect of Policy on Child Maltreatment Deaths
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Fall 2020 Family Preservation and Fatalities: The Effect of Policy on Child Maltreatment Deaths Madison N. Sundberg University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Sundberg, Madison N., "Family Preservation and Fatalities: The Effect of Policy on Child Maltreatment Deaths" (2020). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1400. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1400 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Family Preservation and Fatalities: The Effect of Policy on Child Maltreatment Deaths By Madison N. Sundberg Psychology, B.S., James Madison University, 2018 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Justice Studies September, 2020 This thesis was examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Justice Studies by: Thesis Director, David Finkelhor, Ph.D., Sociology Professor; Director, Crimes Against Children Research Center Heather Turner, Ph.D., Sociology Department Chair, Professor Cesar J. Rebellon, Ph.D., Criminology, Law, and Society Professor, George Mason University On August 3rd, 2020 Approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. ii Dedication To my dad, for sharing his profession and to my grandfather, for sharing his university.
    [Show full text]
  • Children, Haiti
    Whole CHILDREN,Whole HAITI Inspiring stories of care, family, and advocacy for children in Haiti “Every child has a right to a family and a home. Investing in families and communities builds their resiliency and ability to stay together, and provides a safe environment for children. Our collective investment in care reform will improve early detection of protection risks and our ability to prevent the separation of children.” Maria-Luisa Fornara UNICEF Haiti Representative Cover photo: Hope Community Project Whole CHILDREN,Whole Inspiring stories of care, family, and advocacy for HAITI children in Haiti Contents Welcome Introduction A Whole Haiti Organizations working for change A call to action Photo: Hope Community Project Welcome In the years following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the number of orphanages in the country rapidly increased to over 750; 1 most of these unregistered and unreg- A commitment to family for ulated. This explosion of orphanages was so widespread that it rapidly exceeded the capacity of the government to track, monitor and reunify the 30,000 children every child in Haiti suddenly being raised in institutions instead of families. To this day, over 80% of the children living in Haitian orphanages have one or two living parents. 2 Sadly, out of a spirit of assistance, Americans played a large role in family separa- tion. The vast majority of orphanages in Haiti are supported by American donors, with at least $70 million annually funneled into the institutional care of children.3 We are coming into a new era. Through the intervention of many organizations, government champions and donors, the child care system in Haiti is undergoing a massive reform.
    [Show full text]