Paul Scherrer Institut Annual Report 1996. Annex IIIA: Solid State
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
1 tJM- c-H oo 4 CH9700437 PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT — jmmm PSI • Annual Report 1996 / Annex IMA Solid State Research at Large Facilities j PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT — J Paul Schemer Institut Wurenlingen and Villigen CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Telephone +41 56 310 21 11 Telefax +41 56 310 21 99 Internet Address http://www.psi.ch Annual Report 1996 Annex III A Solid State Research at Large Facilities Editors: U. Baltensperger, R. Lorenzen COVER PHOTO: Accelerator SIMS allows very low level trace element detection in ultrapure materials. A view into the sputter ing chamber through a vacuum window shows the target holder with a silicon sample and the cesium sputter gun. In order to avoid sample contamination all components are plated with pure gold. TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Spallation Neutron Source First flux measurement in a SINQ supermirror neutron guide ................................................................................4 Tensile properties in Zircaloy-ll after 590 MeV proton irradiation .......................................................................... 5 Research activities on structure materials of Spallation Neutron Source at SINQ...............................................6 Dynamic response of the target container under pulsed heating .......................................................................... 8 Flow mapping for ESS horizontal target ................................................................................................................ 10 Irradiation facilities at the Spallation Neutron Source SINQ.................................................................................. 12 Tests of a new CCD-camera based neutron radiography detector system at the reactor stations in Munich and Vienna....................................................................................................................................................15 Concept for a new high resolution high intensity diffractometer .......................................................................... 17 Magnetization behavior of nanocrystalline systems combining ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases 19 Magnetic microstructure of nanocrystalline ferromagnets and nanocrystalline systems combining ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases.........................................................................................................20 Molecular dynamics simulation of nanocrystalline nickel: structure and mechanical properties ...................... 21 Sputter deposition and characterisation of hard wear-resistant Ti/TiN multilayers............................................22 The vibrational spectrum of the atoms in the grain boundaries of nanocrystalline Pd...................................... 23 Ion Beam Physics The PSI/ETH tandem accelerator facility............................................................................................................... 26 AMS of ,4C at low energies .......................................................................................................................................27 S0Fe measurements with the PSI/ETH EN tandem accelerator ........................................................................... 28 New data acquisition system for AMS....................................................................................................................29 10Be/230Th ratios as proxy for particle flux in the equatorial Pacific Ocean...........................................................30 Beryllium-10 concentrations in water samples of high northern latitudes........................................................... 31 Determination of depositional beryllium-10 fluxes in the area of the Laptev Sea...............................................32 Atmospheric radiocarbon variations 11 000 years ago ........................................................................................ 33 The timing of the maximum extent of the Rhone Glacier at Wangen a.d. Aare.................................................34 Estimation of precipitation rates by measurements of 36CI in the GRIP ice core with the PSI/ETH tandem accelerator .................................................................................................................................................. 35 Determination of 10Be, 26AI, and 36CI in meteorites ..................................................................................................36 Determination and systematics of excitation functions for the production of 36CI by means of AMS................37 Reconstruction of exposure histories of meteorites from Antarctica and the Sahara....................................... 38 4,Ca measurements at the Zurich AMS facility......................................................................................................39 Determination of proton-induced production cross sections and production rates of 129 l from Te.................... 40 Accelerator SIMS, a technique for the detection of stable trace elements in ultrapure materials.................... 41 Trace element analysis in silicon by accelerator SIMS........................................................................................ 42 Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) for trace element detection ...............................................................................43 A time-of-flight spectrometer for the investigation of liquid metal ion sources ................................................... 44 Cobalt alloy ion sources for focused ion beam implantation ................................................................................45 Direct deposition of gold on silicon with focused ion beams................................................................................ 46 Structuring of silicon with low energy focused ion beams....................................................................................47 Surface structuring with focused cluster ion beams............................................................................................. 48 MeV fullerene impacts on mica.............................................................................................................................. 49 Radio- and Environmental Chemistry • Trace Elements Distribution patterns of rare earth elements in various plant species..................................................................52 Rare earth elements in soil extracts by ICP-MS................................................................................................... 54 • Aerosol Chemistry Development of a thermal method for the measurement of elemental carbon ..................................................55 A wet effluent denuder/mist-chamber coupled to ion chromatography for the continuous measurement of atmospheric MONO, HN03, N03 and SO/...................................................................................................... 56 Assessment of snow accumulation dynamics on a high-alpine snow field using glass microspheres .............57 On the aerosol-cloud relationship at a high-alpine site.........................................................................................58 Adiabatic and diabatic aerosol transport to the Jungfraujoch .............................................................................. 59 The Jungfraujoch high-alpine research station (3454 m) as a background clean continental site for the measurement of aerosol parameters..............................................................................................................60 Analysis of intensive aerosol optical properties measured at the Jungfraujoch station .................................... 61 Hygroscopic properties of diesel engine soot particles........................................................................................62 Fractal-like dimension of nanometer diesel soot particles................................................................................... 63 Heterogeneous formation of HONO on carbonaceous aerosol ...........................................................................64 Development and performance test of a continuous source of nitrous acid (HONO)....................................... 65 Adsorption of N02 on carbon aerosol particles at the low ppb-level....................................................................66 • Analytical Chemistry Multielement trace analyses of SINQ materials by ICP-OES.............................................................................. 67 The analysis of lead concentrations and isotope ratios in recent snow samples from high-alpine sites with a double focusing ICP-MS..............................................................................................................................68 Trace analysis of inorganic ions in ice samples by capillary electrophoresis .....................................................69 A deposition record of inorganic ions from a high-alpine glacier .........................................................................70 First formate, acetate and methanesulfonate analysis in firn samples from Grenzgletscher (Monte Rosa, 4200 m a.sJ.)................................................................................................................................... 71 Quantification of the removal of chemical species by