Fy10 Budget by Program

Home , 1 Scorpii, 22 Scorpii, 25 Scorpii, 2 Scorpii, 42 Draconis b, 4 Scorpii

AURA/NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT

FY 2010 Revised

Submitted to the National Science Foundation March 16, 2011

This image, aimed toward the southern celestial pole atop the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope, shows the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the Milky Way (Carinae Region) and the Coal Sack (dark area, close to the Southern Crux). The 33 “written” on the Schmidt Telescope dome using a green laser pointer during the two-minute exposure commemorates the rescue effort of 33 miners trapped for 69 days almost 700 m underground in the San Jose mine in northern Chile. The image was taken while the rescue was in progress on 13 October 2010, at 3:30 am Chilean Daylight Saving time. Image Credit: Arturo Gomez/CTIO/NOAO/AURA/NSF National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2010 Revised (October 1, 2009 – September 30, 2010)

Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 March 16, 2011

Table of Contents

MISSION SYNOPSIS ...... IV

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1

2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ...... 2 2.1 Achievements ...... 2 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ...... 3 2.3 Challenges and Their Impacts ...... 5

3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ...... 7 3.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory...... 7 3.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ...... 9 3.3 Gemini Observatory ...... 11 3.4 Community Access Facilities ...... 14

4 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS ...... 16 4.1 NOAO South ...... 16 4.1.1 CTIO ...... 16 4.1.2 NOAO South Facilities Operations ...... 21 4.1.3 NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services ...... 22 4.2 NOAO North ...... 22 4.2.1 KPNO ...... 22 4.2.2 NOAO North Facilities Operations ...... 27 4.2.3 NOAO North Computer Infrastructure Services ...... 28 4.3 NOAO System Science Center ...... 28 4.3.1 System User Support ...... 29 4.3.2 Science Data Management ...... 30 4.3.3 System Community Development ...... 34 4.4 NOAO System Technology Center ...... 36 4.4.1 System Instrumentation ...... 37 4.4.2 ReSTAR Instrumentation ...... 39 4.4.3 Telescope System Instrumentation Program ...... 41

i NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

4.4.4 LSST Technology Program ...... 42 4.4.5 GSMT/ELT Technology Program ...... 45

5 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS ...... 47 5.1 Business Services ...... 47 5.1.1 Central Administrative Services ...... 47 5.1.2 NOAO South Administrative Services ...... 48 5.2 Office of Science ...... 48 5.3 Education and Public Outreach ...... 49 5.4 NOAO Director‘s Office ...... 57 5.5 ARRA Infrastructure Renewal ...... 58

APPENDICES

A FY10 BUDGET BY PROGRAM ...... 61 A.1 FY10 Expenditures ...... 61 A.2 FY10 Revenue ...... 66

B NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY ...... 70 B.1 Key Management FY10 ...... 70 B.2 Scientific Personnel Changes FY10 ...... 70 B.3 Effort of Scientific Staff by Budgeted Program ...... 71 B.4 Scientific Staff Accomplishments and Plans ...... 75

C NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS ...... 105

D PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES ...... 122 D.1 Telescopes at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ...... 122 D.2 Telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatory ...... 130 D.3 Gemini Telescopes (NOAO System Science Center) ...... 139 D.4 W. M. Keck Observatory: Keck I and II ...... 142 D.5 HET and MMT ...... 143 D.6 Magellan ...... 144 D.7 CHARA and Hale ...... 144 D.8 NOAO Science Archive ...... 144

E USAGE STATISTICS FOR ARCHIVED DATA ...... 146

F TELESCOPE PROPOSAL STATISTICS ...... 148 F.1 Standard Proposals for 2010A ...... 148 F.2 Survey Proposals for 2010A ...... 149 F.3 Standard Proposals for 2010B ...... 150 F.4 Survey Proposals for 2010B ...... 151

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

G OBSERVING PROGRAMS & INVESTIGATORS FOR 2010A/B ...... 152 G.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory...... 154 G.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ...... 164 G.3 Gemini Observatory ...... 173 G.4 Community Access to Private Telescopes ...... 187

H BROADENING PARTICIPATION ...... 193

I GRANTS OBTAINED IN Q4...... 199

J SAFETY REPORT FOR Q4 ...... 200

iii NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

MISSION SYNOPSIS

The National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) is the US national research and development center for ground-based nighttime astronomy. Its core mission is to provide access for all qualified professional researchers, via peer review, to state-of-the-art scientific capabilities. Through that access, the US research community is investigating a broad range of modern astrophysical challenges from small bodies within our own Solar System, to the most distant galaxies in the early universe, to indirect observations of dark energy and dark matter. To support that mission and help further US leadership in the international arena, NOAO is leading the development of the US Ground-Based Optical/Infrared (O/IR) System—the ensemble of public and private observatories dedicated to international leadership in scientific research, technical innovation, education, and public outreach. NOAO is also leading programs that help enable a new generation of telescopes, instruments, and software tools to meet the research challenges of the next decade. In particular, NOAO is leverag- ing in-house scientific and technical expertise gained over 50 years to participate in the development of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a unique 8-m-class wide-field imaging telescope, as well as more narrow-field 20-m and larger telescopes with unprecedented spatial resolution and light grasp. Together, these new facilities will make possible revolutionary advances in the physical understanding of dark energy and dark matter, the first stars and galaxies in the early Universe, supermassive black holes at the centers of nearby galaxies (including our home galaxy), planets orbiting nearby stars, and icy bodies in the outer reaches of our Solar System. By pushing back the frontiers of our understanding, these facilities will also surely uncover cosmic phenomena unforeseen today. To communicate the excitement and opportunities of world-class scientific research and technology development, NOAO operates a nationally recognized Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program. The NOAO EPO program strives to promote scientific literacy and inspire young people to become explorers in science and research-based technology, especially within groups that have been historically underrepresented in the US physics and astronomy science enterprise. The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) operates NOAO under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF).

iv 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the NOAO Fiscal Year Annual Report for fiscal year (FY) 2010. This report fulfills requirements established in the Cooperative Agreement between NSF and AURA. The Astro2010 decadal survey report ―New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astro- physics (NWNH),‖ released in August, re-affirmed the role of NOAO within the US Ground-Based Optical/Infrared (O/IR) System and envisions an exciting future for NOAO in the coming decade through involvement in the Gemini Observatory, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), and Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT). During this reporting period, NOAO continued to operate and improve the 2- to 4-m-class facilities at the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). Current science capabilities at these observatories continue to enable a broad range of forefront scientific research. Facilities infrastructure support was provided to an expanding range of tenant and partner facilities at both sites. Behind the scenes, NOAO completed several significant infrastructure renewal projects at its base and mountain facilities in Arizona and Chile. Construction began or continued on a new generation of world-class 4-m instrumentation including an upgrade for the wide-field optical imager Mosaic-1 at the Mayall telescope, new medium- resolution optical imaging multi object spectrometers for both the Mayall and Blanco telescopes, a ground-layer adaptive optics system for the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, and the One Degree Imager at the WIYN telescope. Funding was received for a new medium-resolution cross-dispersed near-IR spectrometer for the Blanco. Community access to the Palomar Hale 200-in telescope was provided for optical and near-IR medium-resolution spectroscopy, and preparations at the Blanco continued for the arrival of the Dark Energy Camera in 2011. In terms of nights, the Gemini Observatory provided the most US community access at the 6-m to 10-m aperture level, as NOAO continued to be the US gateway to Gemini. Additional large- aperture nights at the Keck, Magellan, and MMT observatories were provided to the community as a return for NSF investment in instrumentation projects at those observatories through the NOAO- managed Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP). Community access was also provided to the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) optical interferometer. Scientific demand as measured by over-subscription rates remained strong for the facilities NOAO operated or to which NOAO provided access. There is a clear trend that modern, world-class instruments are more in demand. Scientific productivity measured by the number of papers published by the community-at-large and the NOAO scientific staff in particular also remained strong. Looking to the future, NOAO remained highly engaged in LSST as project leader for telescope system and site development. Scientific leadership by NOAO was provided in such areas as operations simulations, calibration planning, planning for transient detection follow-up observations, and LSST Science Collaboration mini-workshop hosting. Several NOAO scientists are leaders of or within LSST Science Collaboration groups. Conversely, NOAO involvement in US-led GSMT projects remained at a low level pending the development by NSF of a federal strategy for investment in such projects. The NOAO Education and Public Outreach program carried out a broad and varied program that touched on many aspects of the NSF goals of broadening the participation of under-represented individuals, groups, and institutions. Business and administrative services in La Serena were reorganized to provide tighter integration with similar services in Tucson. NOAO provides such services not only for itself (360 employees in multiple locations in Arizona and La Serena) but also for an increasing number of other AURA- associated projects (including Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, AURA Corporate, Gemini Ob- servatory, and National Solar Observatory,) and partners (LSST, WIYN, and SOAR).

1 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

2.1 ACHIEVEMENTS The release of ―New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics‖ (NWNH, the 2010 decadal survey report) by the National Research Council culminated a multiyear effort by AURA and NOAO to engage the US community and build a shared vision of a strong national observatory within a larger US system of federal and non-federal optical/infrared (O/IR) observatories. Happily, NWNH endorsed many of the positions advocated by AURA/NOAO and pointed the way to a reorganized national observatory with strong linkage between the current assets of NOAO and Gemini and the core projects of the future: Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and one or both of Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). At the same time, NWNH wisely pointed out that federal investment across these assets requires periodic review and rebalancing to ensure the strongest scientific suite of capabilities. Given fiscal reality, hard choices lie ahead but NOAO remains committed to working with NSF and the community-at-large to build consensus around the right evolutionary strategy. The joint NSF/NOAO/community initiative, Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Re- search (ReSTAR), continued to bear fruit this year. Supported by supplementary funding from NSF, new community access was provided to optical and near-IR spectroscopy at the Palomar Hale 200-in telescope, the wide-field optical imager on the NOAO Mayall 4-m telescope was upgraded, and work began on new optical, medium-resolution, multiobject spectrographs for the NOAO Mayall and Blan- co 4-m telescopes in partnership with The Ohio State University. Additional funding was received to upgrade the Blanco Hydra detector system (planned first light: FY12, first quarter) and construct a new, medium-resolution, near-IR spectrometer for the Blanco (planned first-light: FY14 second quarter) in partnership with Cornell University. In preparation for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and its Dark Energy Camera (DECam), significant work was completed on the Blanco 4-m telescope including installation of redesigned lateral supports to reduce M1 movement and improve image quality as well as a new telescope control system to increase the speed and precision of telescope target acquisition and tracking. Although motivated by DES requirements, all Blanco users will benefit from these improvements in the years ahead. A common NOAO strategy during FY10 was to combine base-funded institutional expertise with supplementary funding to develop and/or deliver new science capabilities for the national research community-at-large. Examples include the ReSTAR instrumentation development projects described above, a new start for user support services for the Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO), participation in the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) project, and continued telescope and site design and development work for the LSST project. Federal supplementary funds also were used for completing deferred infrastructure maintenance work (through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, ARRA), for developing instruments on large-aperture, non-NOAO facilities in return for community access (through the Tele- scope System Instrumentation Program, TSIP), for access to the optical and near-IR spectroscopic capability at the Palomar Hale 200-in telescope (through ReSTAR) and for providing research experiences for young scientists (through Research Experiences for Undergraduates, REU). Supple- mentary funds from the State of Arizona were used in a number of K-12 educational outreach activities in locations across Arizona. For financial and programmatic efficiency reasons, several administration and facilities operations organization changes were made in FY10. In Tucson, the Administration and Facilities department was reorganized to clarify lines of authority and responsibility. In particular, Central Adminis- trative Services (CAS) and Human Resources report directly to the NOAO director, while NOAO North Central Facilities Operations (CFO) report to the NOAO deputy director. AURA Observatory Support Services (AOSS) in La Serena was merged into NOAO, renamed NOAO South Administra-

2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

tion and Facilities Operations, and connected more tightly to CAS. Furthermore, an Office of Com- pliance was created to better manage various regulatory requirements placed on NOAO by federal and local authorities. As an ensemble, these changes not only satisfy recent recommendations from NSF in regard to AURA/NOAO business services but also prepare NOAO for new challenges ahead, especially LSST as it moves into the construction phase. Two other significant organizational changes occurred. First, various existing facility, instrumentation, and technology development groups were merged into a single administrative unit called NOAO Science Technology Center (NSTC). Second, several existing science and data management support and operations teams were merged into a single administrative unit named NOAO System Science Center (NSSC). Both changes were motivated by a desire for improved management efficiency and to prepare for new programmatic challenges ahead related to further development of the US O/IR System and major projects such as LSST.

2.2 STATUS OF VISION AND GOALS The NOAO core mission is summarized above in the Mission Synopsis section. Specific high-level goals and planned deliverables to fulfill that vision were established in the NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2010. High-level status information is provided in the Executive Summary and Achieve- ments sections above, as well as in the individual sections throughout the rest of this report. The exact status of each FY10 milestone is provided in the NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2011. Planned versus actual spending and revenues are summarized in Table 1 below. Positive spending differences indicate more spending than planned; these were covered by budget transfers within

Table 1: Summary of Spending and Revenue (Planned vs. Actual) Spending (M$) Non-Base Revenue (M$) Plan Actual Actual–Plan Plan Actual Actual–Plan Notes

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 7.532 7.906 +0.374 2.225 2.587 +0.362 Note 1 Kitt Peak National Observatory 10.157 10.202 +0.045 3.731 4.629 +0.898 Note 2 NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) System User Support 1.348 1.214 -0.134 0.001 0.009 +0.008 Science Data Management 1.802 1.822 +0.020 0.000 0.027 +0.027 System Community Dev. 0.765 0.673 -0.092 0.000 0.027 +0.027 ReSTAR Palomar 0.294 0.267 -0.027 NSSC Subtotal 4.209 3.976 -0.233 0.001 0.063 +0.062 NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) System Instrumentation 2.388 3.052 +0.664 0.051 0.413 +0.362 Note 3 ReSTAR Instrumentation 1.927 1.396 -0.531 Note 4 LSST-Base 2.150 2.137 -0.013 LSST-Supplement 2.540 1.710 -0.830 Note 5 GSMTPO 0.301 0.321 +0.020 0.000 0.137 +0.137 Note 6 NSTC Subtotal 9.306 8.616 -0.690 0.051 0.551 +0.500 Administration & Facilities (A&F) Central Administrative Services 1.933 1.899 -0.034 1.065 1.087 +0.022 Note 6 Central Facilities Operations 1.711 1.631 -0.080 0.670 0.833 +0.163 Note 6 Computer Infrastructure Services 0.635 0.716 +0.081 0.170 0.228 +0.058 Note 6 A&F Subtotal 4.279 4.246 -0.033 1.905 2.148 +0.243 NOAO South (NS) 3.660 3.946 +0.286 2.023 1.923 -0.100 Note 1 Office of Science (OS) 1.224 0.936 -0.288 0.072 +0.072 Note 7 Education & Public Outreach (EPO) 0.981 1.120 +0.139 0.038 0.347 +0.309 Note 8 NOAO Director's Office (NDO) 1.391 1.379 -0.012 0.114 0.169 +0.055 Note 9 Reserve 0.420 0.000 -0.420 AURA F&A 0.748 0.720 -0.028 Note 10 NOAO Base Subtotal 43.907 43.047 -0.860 10.088 12.489 +2.401 Other NSF Funding ARRA Stimulus North 2.836 0.441 -2.395 Note 5 ARRA Stimulus South 2.758 0.930 -1.828 Note 5 Telescope System Instrument. Program 8.148 4.141 -4.007 Note 5 Other Subtotal 13.742 5.512 -8.230 Total 57.649 48.559 -9.090

3 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

NOAO (for NOAO work) or by increased fee-for-service recovery (for non-NOAO work). Positive revenue differences indicate more non-base revenue was collected than planned, often corresponding to cost recovery for unplanned work for non-NOAO programs. Many spending and revenue differences are small in magnitude and for the most part represent small planning uncertainties. The following notes correspond to specific activities listed in the table.

 Note 1: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), NOAO South—these two commingled activities had a net spending overrun of $398K relative to planned spending (Excess Revenue = $362K – $100K = $262K, Excess Spending = $374K + $286K = $660K, Difference = $262K – $660K = –$398K). More in-depth analysis reveals two key outcomes. First, CTIO experienced an $844K spending overrun caused by unexpected increases in expatriate staff costs ($78K), work done in FY10 but not reimbursed until FY11 ($178K), planned but unrealized overhead recovery due to less-than-planned work for external organizations (mostly Gemini and SOAR, $240K), science staff time charged to CTIO activities rather than other NOAO activities as planned ($331K), and an ensemble of small overruns ($17K). The CTIO spending overrun was (or will be) compensated by a favorable dollar/peso exchange rate ($193K), reimbursements in FY11 for FY10 activities ($178K), and net funding transfers within NOAO budget ($473K). The latter is not as onerous as it appears, given that it is dominated by scientist labor costs planned for other NOAO activities but reallocated to CTIO as cross-NOAO priorities shifted during FY10. Second, NOAO South Administra- tion and Facilities, which operates on a fee-for-service basis, collected greater than planned revenue ($255K). Per standard practice, that overrun will be reinvested into common infrastructure during FY11. For clarity, please note that –$844K (CTIO over-run) + $193K (favorable exchange rate) + $253K (A&F positive revenue) = –$396K, as shown in the table above.

 Note 2: Kitt Peak National Observatory—the apparent greater-than-planned revenue gain ($898K) is mostly driven by a one-time transfer from Yale to NOAO ($975K) to support work on the WIYN One Degree Imager. In addition, more visiting observers than projected produced greater fee-for-service recovery revenue than projected.

 Note 3: System Instrumentation—the greater than planned spending reflects the execution of more activity than planned. Some of the greater-than-planned activity came from outside of the NOAO core program (e.g., work done for the National Solar Observatory, WIYN Ob- servatory, and CHIRON project) and was reimbursed at cost plus approved NSF overheads rates. That fee-for-service recovery is reflected in the greater-than-planned revenue amount. Other greater-than-planned activity came from within the NOAO core program (e.g., SOAR Adaptive Optics Module and Imager, Mosaic 1.1 upgrade, and NOAO share of CHIRON project) and was funded by budget transfers from other parts of the NOAO program. Addi- tional nonlabor revenue was generated by renting out NOAO facilities, again at NSF approved rates (e.g., high-bay area for Steward Observatory Large Binocular Telescope optical work).

 Note 4: ReSTAR Instrumentation—it took longer than planned to ramp up the KOSMOS project. Thus, significant transfer of funding to The Ohio State University did not occur during FY10 and less work than planned was executed in-house by NOAO. Furthermore, to smooth out in-house workflow and assure higher priority projects were completed first, the Blanco Hydra upgrade project was deferred to FY11. These two general conditions are the main drivers for less-than-expected spending in this area.

 Note 5: LSST, ARRA, Telescope System Instrum. Program—these are on-going activities. The apparent less-than-planned spending rates simply reflect funding in FY10 (or before) to be carried forward for activities planned in FY11 (or later).

4 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

 Note 6: GSMTPO, Central Administrative Services, Central Facilities Operations, Computer Infrastructure Services—these activities all collected more revenue than planned as a result of more external contract work than planned.

 Note 7: Office of Science—the NOAO science research staff used about 23% less internal research funding than planned ($288K), consistent with the lower-than-planned level of research activity. As shown in Table B-3, the total NOAO scientist full-time-equivalent (FTE) level (excluding postdocs) is 44.9 with a planned research effort of 14.1 FTE but an achieved FTE effort of 8.2 within a normal 40-hour work week. Many NOAO scientists spent significant hours outside of normal work hours on research activities.

 Note 8: Education and Public Outreach—the actual scope of work was larger than planned due to adding a K-12 education activity funded by the State of Arizona.

 Note 9: NOAO Director’s Office—less-than-expected overhead recovery (-$17K) was ba- lanced by greater-than-planned discretionary funding from AURA ($3K) and missed-in- planning library support revenue from National Solar Observatory ($63K).

 Note 10: AURA F&A (Facilities and Administration)—the actual AURA F&A fee was less than the planned F&A fee.

2.3 CHALLENGES AND THEIR IMPACTS A general challenge that NOAO confronts every year is establishing and managing multiyear internal and external commitments in the face of year-to-year base funding uncertainty. If base funding is less than expected, purely internal commitments can be managed by rebalancing the internal NOAO program through project deferment or cancellation. Managing external commitments is much harder, because it is often difficult or impossible for NOAO to reduce quickly the level of such a commitment. Yet, over time, NOAO has become engaged in more external commitments (such as LSST) to enable new research capabilities for the community and to stay involved in forefront projects. Thus, unex- pectedly large year-to-year fluctuations in base funding can cause havoc to the internal program while NOAO struggles to meet external obligations. Steady, predictable funding levels and a 2–3 year planning/funding cycle could make it significantly easier for NOAO to manage its base program in a financially and programmatically efficient fashion. Another general challenge is insufficient investment towards renewing the staff complement and physical infrastructure. In the former area, relatively flat funding as compared to inflation over the last 20 years has hindered efforts by NOAO to maintain expertise depth and breadth or plan actively for employee retirements. As a consequence, employees with long terms of service who are eli- gible for retirement embody significant amounts of NOAO expertise. A sudden wave of retirements would produce expertise gaps that could hinder project completion and/or raise costs in the short- term. In parallel, aging infrastructure has created greater than desired annual facility operations expenses and/or increasingly unpleasant working environments. Recent ARRA (―stimulus‖) funding allowed NOAO to address some of the most critical issues (e.g., water treatment facilities on Kitt Peak and Cerro Tololo) and NOAO has invested base funding on urgent issues related to either safety (e.g., asbestos containment) or energy costs, but a long and growing backlog remains. The WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) project was the most significant specific challenge for NOAO in FY10. Managed by the WIYN Observatory, ODI is several years late and several million dollars over budget. To date, NOAO has paid for 40% of the ODI project, per standard WIYN partnership share. Although signs of trouble appeared in mid-2008, it was not until mid-2010 that the WIYN Board approached consensus on the technological and financial risks that still existed. As FY10 ended, the WIYN Board took measures to reduce ODI cash flow and establish a new project management team to develop a recovery and (if possible) completion plan with a revised budget and schedule. NOAO played a key role in developing the necessary consensus and is contributing tech-

5 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

nical expertise to the recovery effort. Nevertheless, the formal NOAO financial commitment to the ODI project has been fulfilled. Given other obligations and aspirations in the years ahead, it simply is not clear today if NOAO can participate in the completion of ODI. Thus, a key challenge for FY11 is to determine the fate of ODI and what role NOAO will play in that fate. Another significant specific challenge in FY10 involved merging the former AOSS unit into NOAO. Programmatically, the merger went smoothly, thanks in large part to the longstanding, professional working relationships of the employees involved. Clear lines of responsibility and authority have been established within La Serena operations and between La Serena and Tucson. Not uncom- mon with mergers of this nature, system and process integration has taken longer than planned due to unanticipated differences in systems between NOAO and AOSS (e.g., Microsoft Windows installation differences between the Spanish and US English versions, different business system workstation cyber-security approaches in Tucson and La Serena, etc.). Complete system and process integration will be completed in FY11. However, the clearer and more consistent view of all financial activity across NOAO gained from this merger has already had positive impacts on the ability to monitor current activities and plan future ones.

3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

3.1 CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY

Distant Clusters in the Shadow of the Microwave Background Clusters of galaxies are important laboratories for studies of galaxy evolution, but their abundance provides one of the most stringent constraints on the matter content of the Universe (the ζ8 parameter). Because this is orthogonal to the measurements provided by the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) and Type Ia supernovae, cluster abundances considerably reduce the uncertainties on the two main cosmological parameters Ωλ and ΩM. However, this requires an objective and unbiased method for cluster selection. The Sunyaev- Zeldovich effect (the inverse Compton scattering of CMBR photons off the hot intracluster gas) has long been invoked as the best selection method, as it is independent of redshift and would in principle yield a direct measure of the cluster mass. De- tecting the ―shadow‖ left by clusters on the CMBR has been difficult until recently when high-resolution radiometers have become available with the required degree of temperature precision to detect the effect. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope and South Pole Tele- scope (both NSF-funded projects in the South- ern Hemisphere) have already detected numerous candidates, but these need to be verified both optically and spectroscopically, in order to understand the biases of the method and its limitations. Several groups have used the CTIO Blanco telescope to obtain deep imaging of Sunyaev-Zel‘dovich clusters (e.g., Menan- teau et al. 2010, arXiv:1002.2226v1; Vander- linde et al. 2010) and confirm the presence of clusters via detection of the red sequence and spectroscopy for the brightest galaxies. Figure Figure 1: A gri image of SZ-detected cluster at z = 0.72 1 shows an example of a z = 0.72 cluster iden- from Menanteau et al. (2010). (Image credit: Felipe Me- nanteau, Rutgers University. Image used by permission tified by this method using imaging from the of F. Menanteau.) Blanco Mosaic-2 imager.

The Milky Way Has No Bulge At the conclusion of a 10,000-star radial velocity survey of M giants in the Southern Bulge of the Milky Way, Shen et al. 2010, (arXiv:1005.0385v2) report the unexpected result (Figure 2) that the Milky Way has no classical bulge in excess of ~8% of its disk mass, and that the entirety of the bulge appears instead to consist of a cylindrical bar in solid-body rotation, formed by the buckling of a massive disk at early epochs. This result is based on the Bulge Radial Velocity Assay (BRAVA, Rich et al. 2007, Howard et al. 2008), a large-scale radial velocity survey of the Galactic bulge that uses M giant stars selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog as targets for the Hydra multiobject spectrograph on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m telescope. This result has important implications for the formation of our Galaxy. Firstly, it poses an interesting conundrum as the metal abundances of bulge stars and the possible presence of a metal abun-

7 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

dance gradient suggest a rapid formation process, rather than slow secular evolution. Secondly, the lack of a classical bulge implies that the Milky Way has not experienced a major merger (sufficient to form a bulge component) since its disk was formed (at z ~ 3). This is unexpected within the context of Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) models of galaxy formation, although there are indications that the Galaxy has had an unusually quiet merging history and lies in unusual positions in the Tully- Fisher and Black Hole Mass-Bulge Mass relations.

Figure 2: “Upper three panels: Face-on and side-on views of the surface density of the best-fitting model as seen from far away. The Sun's position 8.5 kpc from the Galac- tic center is marked along the +x axis. The Galaxy rotates clockwise as seen in the face-on projection. Bottom panel: model surface brightness map in Galactic coordi- nates as seen from the Sun's location. Our perspective makes the box-shaped, edge- on bar look taller on its nearer side. The Galactic boxy bulge is observed to be simi- larly distorted.” (Shen et al. 2010, ar- Xiv:1005.0385v2)

A Multitelescope Campaign on U Scorpii U Scorpii is a recurrent nova and has been the subject of an extensive observing campaign during its last eruption, involving three different X-ray telescopes and a variety of ground-based telescopes to obtain both imaging and spectroscopy. The CTIO 1.5-m telescope took part in this observing campaign. As reported by Bradley Schaefer in the recent meeting in Kyoto on the ―Physics of Accreting Compact Binaries,‖ the coordinated multi-site observations allowed the discovery of several unexpected phenomena: early flares before the nova outburst, ones that cannot be explained by flickering in the accretion disk; deep aperiodic dips in the light curve due to the occultation of the light-emitting region in the outbursting nova from the accretion disk and other surrounding material; very high expansion velocities in excess of what was observed in other novae, and triple peaked line profiles, due to the bipolar shells and the accretion disk.

The 2009 Spectroscopic Event of h Carinae The massive binary pair h Carinae contains a supermassive star, in excess of 100 solar masses, and a companion star of the O subtype with mass of around 40 solar masses. The pair is heavily obscured and tight enough that the secondary has not been observed directly to date. However, it is possible to

8 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

see the effects of the companion on the main star and its surrounding nebula, and it is believed that a massive star with powerful winds is orbiting the main star in a very eccentric orbit. Observations by Richardson et al. (2010, AJ, 139, 1534) using the CTIO 1.5-m with the echelle spectrograph have allowed the authors to obtain stricter constraints on the colliding wind model and to reconstruct the gross evolution of the spectrum as the massive companion approaches periastron. Figure 3 shows a theoretical model for the collision of winds in the binary system, as constrained by the recent observations.

Figure 3: “Isothermal models of the colliding winds in the binary system from the simulations by Okazaki et al. (2008). Each panel shows a density map in the orbital plane (in spatial units of the semimajor axis). The left panel shows the primary (surrounded by its wind; left side) and the secondary (dot on right side) at maximal orbital separation. We expect the Hα flux to form mainly in the densest regions of the wind. Our assumed line of sight is indicated by the black line in the left panel (inclined by 45° from below the plane of the figure). The time in days relative to periastron is given in the upper right of each panel, and the diagrams show how the colliding winds change the density distribution from the usual situation near apastron (left panel) to that at times just before (middle panel) and after (right panel) periastron.” (Richardson et al. 2010)

3.2 KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY

Interaction of Molecular Clouds and Outflows from Young Stars In October of 2009, Hartigan et al. reported (ApJ, 705, 1073) how they have used laboratory simulations combined with NEWFIRM and HST observations of jets of material being ejected from newly formed stars to learn more about the physical properties of how this ejected material interacts with its environment, including nearby molecular clouds. The jets and their surrounding nebulosities, called Herbig-Haro (HH) objects, cover large angular extents on the sky and require imaging in both broad- band and narrowband in order to be understood. Such observations are well-suited to the capabilities of NEWFIRM. The paper by Hartigan et al., ―Laboratory Experiments, Numerical Simulations, and Astronomical Observations of Deflected Supersonic Jets: Application to HH 110,‖ has been highlighted by various public media outlets, including space.com and MSNBC. Figure 4 shows NEWFIRM and HST images used by Hartigan et al. to identify the relative spatial distribution of molecular and atomic gas being dragged from a molecular cloud when impacted by the material in the outflow, or jet, from the new star. See figure 20 of their paper for a complete description.

9 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Figure 4: Image of HH 110 from KPNO 4-m telescope and HST archive used to identify relative spatial distribution of molecular and atomic gas dragged from a molecular cloud when impacted by the material in the jet from the new star. (Image credit: Patrick Harti- gan (Rice University)/NOAO/AURA. Reproduced by permission of the AAS.)

Confirming the Detection of a Binary Quasar in a Pair of Merging Galaxies Images obtained with the Mayall 4-m telescope confirmed the detection of a binary quasar. Figure 5 shows an image (in the SDSS i band) taken at the Mayall in the right panel, with a Chandra X-ray image on the left. Contours made from the X-ray image are over-plotted on the i-band image, where the interaction of merging galaxies is clearly seen.

Figure 5: The NOAO Mayall 4-m SDSS i-band image of the binary quasar on the right, with the Chandra X-ray image on the left.

10 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

It is expected that most galaxies contain a super massive black hole (SMBH). Merging galaxies, which are also quite common, are expected to trigger accretion in such SMBH, when it may be detected as a quasar. This luminous, spatially-resolved binary quasar inhabiting an interacting/merging galaxy pair is the first to be reported. (―SDSS J1254+0846: A Binary Quasar Caught in the Act of Merging,‖ Green et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1578). The unique properties of this system allow detailed numerical simulations to create plausible scenarios for the histories of both the host galaxies and the SMBH that inhabit them. The first spectrum confirming this binary quasar was taken by A. Myers at the KPNO Mayall 4-m telescope using the R-C Spectrograph in February 2008. Subsequent imaging with Mosaic on the Mayall 4-m revealed the structure seen in the figure that signals an interacting pair of galaxies.

Galaxy Evolution Redshifts Greater than One A team led by Yale astronomer Pieter van Dokkum has been conducting an NOAO Survey program with NEWFIRM at the Mayall 4-m telescope called the ―NEWFIRM Medium Band Survey‖ (NMBS). Using five custom medium-band near-infrared filters, the survey obtained well-sampled spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies from 1.0 to 1.8 microns, enabling improved photometric redshifts for galaxies with redshifts greater than one, for which the Balmer and 4000-Angstrom breaks lie beyond the wavelength range of optical imagers. The data also provide accurate rest frame colors of galaxies and their environment. The team infers a bi-modality in star formation rates in massive galaxies that persists to redshifts z = 2. Using the accurate redshifts and photometry from the NEWFIRM images, van Dokkum and his team determined that massive galaxies grow in mass by a factor of ~2 since z = 2. They are able to attribute this to the rapid buildup of the outer envelopes of these galaxies, possibly from merging activity. Clearly, NEWFIRM has opened an exciting window towards understanding galaxy evolution at these high redshifts.

3.3 GEMINI OBSERVATORY

Massive Star Formation and Feedback in the Massive Star-forming Complex W49A Protostars more massive than about 8 solar masses begin burning H while still accreting and while still buried in their natal cloud cores. The luminosity produced by H-burning leads to radiation pres- sure on surrounding dust and, in spherical symmetry, would limit the amount of accretion that can take place such that stars would not reach masses greater than about 20 solar masses. Nonspherical geometries, such as an optically thick disc and an optically thin bipolar outflow could result in the disc shadowing infalling material while radiative luminosity could escape out of the polar cavities without halting the accretion, thus allowing for the formation of very massive stars. Using thermal- infrared imaging (at 8.8, 9.7, 11.6, and 18.5 m) with Michelle on Gemini North, N. Smith and collaborators (2009, MNRAS, 399, 952) exploited the superior image quality delivered by the Gemini telescope to map the environment within the massive star-forming complex W49A. Smith et al. combine the Michelle images with previously published VLA 3.6-cm maps, as well as the positions of H2O masers, to model a number of the sources within W49A, which are accreting massive stars. They are able to derive source geometries, such as the one illustrated below in Figure 6. Indeed, this particular accreting massive star is modeled with large polar cavities and a thick equatorial disk, allowing for accretion to continue even as the luminosity of the central star increases due to the onset of nuclear hydrogen burning.

11 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Figure 6: Michelle images with superimposed 3.6-cm radio continuum maps in the left panels: panel a shows the 11.6-m Michelle map, while panel b is at 18.5 m. The source geometry is illustrated in the right cartoon, with the large polar cavities and an optically thick equatorial ring.

The Lowest-Mass Brown Dwarf Known Member of the  Pictoris Moving Group The substellar-mass members of clusters or moving groups provide insight into the formation and evolution of objects across all masses: be they stars, brown dwarfs, or planets. The nearby young (age ~12 Myr)  Pictoris Moving Group provides a good population in which to search for brown dwarfs, because young brown dwarfs are hotter and have larger radii (and are thus more luminous) than older objects of the same mass. Rice, Faherty, & Cruz (2010, ApJ, 715, L165) used high-resolution, near- infrared (IR) spectra obtained with the Phoenix spectrograph on Gemini South (at  = 1.55 m), as well as lower-resolution spectra throughout the J, H, and K bands taken with the Blanco 4-m telescope, NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, and Keck II telescope, to identify the lowest-mass object yet found to be a member of the  Pic Moving Group. The object is 2MASS 0608-27 and Rice et al. were able to use the near-IR spectra to derive the radial velocity (consistent with being a  Pic member), effective temperature, surface gravity, age (~10 Myr—consistent with the age of the  Pic Mov- ing Group), and a mass of 15–35 Jovian masses. This object is thus a ―free-floating‖ brown dwarf member of this nearby moving group and is an important late-type benchmark object within this association.

Using Laser Guide-Star Adaptive Optics to Probe the Nucleus of the S0 Galaxy NGC404 The centers of galaxies can contain massive black holes, as well as nuclear star clusters, which are compact (~5 pc), massive (~107 solar masses), and consist of multiple stellar populations having a wide range of ages. The masses of central black holes have been found to correlate with the bulge mass of the galaxy and, most recently, evidence has been presented that finds a correlation of the nuclear star cluster mass with the bulge mass. The formation and evolution of these central black holes and nuclear star clusters are related to galactic formation, but the link between the formation of these

12 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

very different types of objects remains unknown. To find the connections between central black holes, nuclear star clusters, and their host galaxies requires studies of the dynamics of the central regions of many galaxies, and such observations require high spatial resolution. Seth et al. (2010, ApJ, 714, 713) have mapped the detailed kinematics of the S0 galaxy NGC 404 using the Laser Guide Star (LGS) adaptive optics (AO) system ALTAIR on Gemini North with the Near-Infrared Integral Field Spec- trometer (NIFS). This group examined the nuclear morphology, kinematics, and stellar populations in NGC 404 using near-IR integral-field spectroscopy from NIFS and combining it with Hubble Space Telescope imaging. The best-fit modeling for this S0 galaxy reveals a probable intermediate-mass black hole, with a mass of ~2–6x105 solar masses, as well as a nuclear star cluster having a mass of ~107 solar masses. The combination of delivered telescope image quality and the LGS AO system coupled to NIFS provides the requisite spatial and kinematic resolution from the ground (Figure 7).

Figure 7: The top left panel shows the NIFS velocity field, with the middle panel being the best-fitting dynamical model (having a central black hole mass of 4.5x105 solar masses and disk inclination of 37o), while the top right panel shows the velocity residuals between observations and model. The bottom panels show the velocity curves ex- tracted along the line of nodes, with the observed velocities shown as crosses (left), the models as diamonds (middle and left), and the right panel illustrating the velocity residuals.

A –ray Burst at a Redshift of 8.3: A Glimpse to Near the End of the Dark Ages Gamma-ray Bursts (GRB) are powerful probes of the early universe, due to their extremely large luminosities. Known to be the result of massive star evolution, GRBs can serve as indicators of star formation out to large redshifts, or viewed another way, star formation in the early universe. An international team of investigators (Tanvir et al. 2009, Nature, 461, 1254) used a suite of ground-based telescopes to observe GRB 090423, which turned out to have the largest red-shift yet measured for a single object. Gemini North was the first 8-m-class telescope to observe GRB 090423 some 75 minutes after the –ray burst, where it was imaged using the Near-Infrared Imager (NIRI) in the filter bands of Y, J, and H; these rapid-response images are shown in Figure 8. The lack of a detection in Y (to quite deep limits), but strong signals in J and H (as well as the K-band image from UKIRT) gave the first crucial indication of a very high redshift for GRB 090423. The Gemini images suggested that

Figure 8: Near-IR Gemini North/NIRI Y, J, and H images of the afterglow of GRB 090423 (with the K image taken at UKIRT; Tanvir et al. 2009). The presence of substantial flux in the J, H, and K bands but lack of a detection in the Y band suggested a large redshift for GRB 090423 (z > 7.8 from the images themselves).

13 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

the redshift of this object must be greater than 7.8, with later follow-up spectroscopy yielding z = 8.3. This is the largest redshift measured for any GRB, quasar, or distant galaxy and is a signal of massive stars existing and driving chemical evolution some 625 million years after the Big Bang. Such high- redshift objects provide a window into star formation and chemical evolution reaching back close to the end of the so-called dark ages.

3.4 COMMUNITY ACCESS FACILITIES

Chemical Evolution across Space and through Time in M33 Chemical evolution within galaxies is an important topic because the change in heavy-element abundances over time and across space is driven largely by the star formation history within a galaxy. De- terminations of chemical abundances can thus be used to reconstruct a picture of galactic-wide star formation. The nearby star-forming small spiral galaxy M33 is an ideal target within which to probe chemical evolution. An international team of researchers has carried out a detailed abundance analysis of He, N, O, Ne, S, and Ar in a sample of 33 H II regions and 102 planetary nebulae across more than 8 kpc of the disk of M33 (Magrini et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A63). Spectra were obtained with the MMT Hectospec fiber-fed spectrograph. By using both H II regions and planetary nebula, Magrini et al. not only measure heavy-element abundances across the spatial disc of M33, but also have two samples of objects with different ages. The H II regions provide a current ―snapshot‖ of metallicities within M33, while the typical ages of the planetary nebulae are ~4–5 Gyr. M33 exhibits a well-defined decrease in metallicity with increasing galactocentric distance, as shown in Figure 9, for oxygen in the H II regions from the sample. A linear fit to this decrease results in an abundance gradient for O of -0.044 ±0.017 dex/kpc, which is similar to the oxygen gradient that is characteristic of the Milky Way disk. Magrini et al. also find that the oxygen abundances from the planetary nebulae are lower than the H II regions, by about 0.15 dex on average. This difference points to the gradual increase in heavy-elements over the last 4-5 Gyr. In addition, this study does not find significantly different radial abundance gradients between the various elements as mapped by the H II regions compared to the planetary nebulae. The combination of both spatial and temporal chemical abundance determinations provides fairly strong constraints on chemical evolution models for M33. The Magrini et al. results favor a model in which the scalelength of the disk remains constant over time, while star forma- Figure 9: The radial O/H abundance across M33 from the tion and chemical evolution in the outer disk MMT HII region sample (red filled circles) compared to lite- of M33 are influenced by an approximately rature determinations. The straight line is defined by a gra- continuous accretion of primordial gas. dient of -0.044 dex/kpc.

14 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

A Super-Earth and Two Neptunes in a Planetary System around the G5V Star 61 Virgi- nis The study of exoplanets continues to be a fast-moving area within astronomy, with radial-velocity programs constituting a major part of the planet-hunting field. Some nights available through the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) on Keck I with the High Resolution Echelle Spec- trometer (HIRES) have been used as parts of larger observational surveys for exoplanets, and recently S. Vogt and a team of collaborators (2010, ApJ, 708, 1366) reported on a particularly interesting planetary system around the solar-like star 61 Virginis (61 Vir). The spectral type of 61 Vir is G5V, and this paper reports on the discovery of three planets in this exoplanetary system. The radial-velocity signature, isolated for each planet, is shown in Figure 10. The set of radial velocities consists of data taken both with HIRES on Keck I and the Univer- sity College London Echelle Spectrograph (UCLES) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). One planet (61 Vir b) has a minimum mass of 5.1 Earth masses, which falls in the category of a Super-Earth; 61 Vir becomes the first G-type star known to host a Super-Earth, all previous stellar hosts of Su- per-Earths are of lower mass, having spectral types of K or M. The other two planets in this system have somewhat larger masses of 18.2 and 24.0 Earth masses (61 Vir c and 61 Vir d, respectively), placing them in the realm of Neptune-size planets. Planet b orbits at 0.05 AU with a period of 4.2 days, Planet c orbits at 0.22 AU with a period of 38.0 days, and Planet d at 0.48 AU with a period of 124.0 days. Analysis of the orbits Figure 10: The phased radial-velocity curves due to each suggests that this system is dynamically sta- individual planet, with Planet b in the top panel, Planet c in the middle panel, and Planet d at the bottom. The radi- ble. The star 61 Vir is part of a growing al-velocity amplitudes for each planet are, respectively 2.1 number of exoplanetary systems that consist m/s (b), 3.6 m/s (c), and 3.2 m/s (d). The Keck I/HIRES of multiple planets with significant masses points are blue and the AAT/UCLES points are red. orbiting with periods less than an Earth-year.

4 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

4.1 NOAO SOUTH

4.1.1 CTIO At the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the highlight of FY10 was the arrival of the NEWFIRM wide-field infrared imager on the Blanco 4-m telescope (Figure 11, left) and the rapid installation and initiation of observations. The instrument was unpacked, partially pulled apart to be checked out in the new cleanroom funded through the American Recovery and Reinvest- ment Act of 2009 (ARRA), and then reassembled—a process that took approximately six weeks. Science observations began in May 2009 with first-light images of NGC 6334, the Cat‘s Paw Nebula. Raw images were processed using the automated NEWFIRM data-processing pipeline. The resultant single-band images were combined into the color composite J, H, and Ks image shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: From the March arrival (left) to the first science in May (right), NEWFIRM and its installation team exceeded expectations.

CTIO staff also were busy hosting meetings related to new instrument projects and outreach events with the community. The Dark Energy Survey (DES) project Systems Integration Working Group (DES SIWG) met in La Serena to bring all the plans for the major components of the DES project together and to make sure the integrated schedule is consistent with these plans. A particular focus of the meeting—organized by NOAO and Fermilab—was to examine the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) software system and its interfaces. Another such meeting is planned for the second quarter of FY11, as the DECam components begin to arrive and the installation process begins. On Saturday, 27 February 2010, at 3:34 am Chilean time, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded occurred in southern Chile. This magnitude 8.8 earthquake had an epicenter near Concep- ción and, together with the following tsunami, caused major destruction and significant loss of life in that region. At the CTIO facilities in northern Chile, the earthquake was about a magnitude 4. None of

16 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

the CTIO telescope facilities suffered damage. The telescope buildings were evacuated during the earthquake, but observations continued about 15 minutes after the event. All of the facilities and infrastructure (e.g., buildings, roads, water lines, gas lines) were inspected later that morning, and no damage was detected other than a few minor rock slides that were cleared by 7 am. An intensive effort to confirm that all of our staff were safe, including those on vacation in southern Chile, was conducted. By Monday afternoon, all staff had been accounted for as safe and unharmed. While the facilities and staff at the observatory were not directly impacted, the earthquake damaged some of the critical Chilean infrastructure, such as sea ports and the airport in Santiago, and thus impacted observatory operations significantly in a variety of ways, especially in air travel (for staff and visiting astronomers) and shipping. CTIO staff worked to minimize the problems, and most operations were fully back to normal by the end of the second quarter of FY10.

Blanco 4-m Telescope In addition to NEWFIRM‘s arrival, other systems at the Blanco 4-m telescope received attention, including the Telescope Control System (TCS) and general infrastructure to support both NEWFIRM and the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). The needed infrastructure for NEWFIRM, in the form of a new instrument maintenance facility in the Coudé room of the Blanco 4-m and on the telescope, was installed, tested, and put into use. This included completion of the new cleanroom structure and installation of the new cooling system components (compressors, He lines). Much of this infrastructure is the same as that which is needed for DECam. Additional work on the cleanroom and cooling systems is planned for early FY11 in order to better support DECam. The Blanco TCS Upgrade project, an effort to upgrade the TCS to modern software and hardware standards, moved forward after resolution of some hardware issues; and in November the telescope was driven with closed-loop control in both axes, an important milestone. Development of all of the core hardware and software components for the Blanco TCS project was completed, and testing of the integrated system was begun. There are still auxiliary software components to be developed and extensive testing to be done before the system is complete and can enter its commissioning phase in the first half of FY11.

Blanco Instrumentation

 Mosaic-2: The Mosaic-2 imager, the widest field optical imager currently offered at CTIO, continued to be the most popular instrument on the Blanco, although NEWFIRM rose to take that spot in the latter half of FY10. The Mosaic-2 camera continued to be operated with one bad amplifier, providing full coverage with eight amplifiers and slow readout or fast readout with only 15 of the 16 amplifiers and a resulting gap in the images. The systematic program of testing and repairing spare parts resulted in somewhat lower downtime, improving the reliability until the replacement by DECam (see below) in mid 2011.

 NEWFIRM: After an extremely successful installation and commissioning run, NEWFIRM was scheduled for scientific use starting with May 2010 and was in extremely high demand, resulting in scheduling for 43% of the available science time after its installation. It will return to Kitt Peak in late 2011.

17 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

 ISPI: The Infrared Side Port Imager (ISPI) was, until the operation of the European Southern Observatory‘s Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy began, the widest-field large-telescope IR imager in the Southern Hemisphere, covering 10.25 arcmin square with a sampling rate of 0.33 arcsec/pixel over a wavelength range of 1–2.4 microns. While NEWFIRM has replaced ISPI for IR imaging applications for the near term, ISPI will remain in Blanco‘s instrument complement and return to regular use when NEWFIRM returns to the Kitt Peak.

 Hydra-CTIO: Hydra is the third component of the Blanco wide-field instrument complement, with 138 fibers that can cover a field of view (FOV) of 40 arcmin in diameter. It can be installed on the telescope concurrently with Mosaic-2 and ISPI. Although Hydra continued to require careful maintenance and upkeep, it performed reliably during FY10. A plan was developed to upgrade this instrument with new detectors and controllers with funding from the ReSTAR program, but this work is scheduled to begin after the arrival of DECam due to the load on available technical staff.

 RC Spectrograph: The Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) Spectrograph, a medium-dispersion long-slit spectrograph, continued to be offered in FY10 in parallel with the Goodman spectrograph on SOAR. The limited amount of time available on SOAR to the US community (30%) has not allowed for the Goodman to meet the community‘s demand for the work horse capability of long-slit spectroscopy on 4-m-class facilities in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, plans were developed to build its replacement, a copy of the Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (OSMOS) that is also being copied for the Mayall telescope using ReSTAR funding. The CTIO version of this spectrograph is called Cerro Tololo Ohio State Multi-Object Spectro- graph (COSMOS).

 Other Blanco Instruments: Scientists continued to bring visitor instruments to test innovative technologies and observing modes (e.g., visiting Speckle Camera scheduled for six nights during FY10). In addition to the ReSTAR initiatives previously mentioned (COSMOS and the Hydra upgrade), NOAO also received ReSTAR funding for a near-infrared spectrograph for the Blanco, a copy of the TripleSpec instrument already in use at several other facilities in the Northern Hemisphere.

 DECam: On a much shorter timescale, the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) is expected to arrive in mid 2011. The DECam project includes the construction of a 520-megapixal camera and a ―community pipeline‖ to process data taken by visiting astronomers. This instrument system is being delivered to enable the Dark Energy Survey (DES), which will pursue an ambitious survey of 5000 square degrees of the southern sky using 525 nights over five years on the Blanco telescope. These data will feed a four-pronged investigation of dark energy to improve understanding of this enigmatic component of the Universe.

Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope FY10 was an active period at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope. The SOAR Optical Imager (SOI) was upgraded with a 4K  4K CCD that has improved sensitivity over the older mosaic CCDs. The SOAR Integral Field Spectrograph (SIFS) was delivered to SOAR in December 2009 by the National Laboratory of Astrophysics of Brazil and installed and commissioned with the help of CTIO staff. This instrument obtained its first spectrum of an astronomical object on the night of 28 April 2010. Commissioning was initiated, but problems with the fiber bundle were identified, leading to the return of the bundle to Brazil and a pause in the commissioning of this instrument until repairs can be made. After being installed on the telescope in early August 2009 for natural guide star (NGS) tests, the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) was in the La Serena instrument shops and laboratories for most of FY10. The laser optics arrived and were successfully tested; all other components of the Laser

18 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

Guide Star system have been fabricated. Integration proceeded smoothly in the labs, and the system will be shipped to the SOAR telescope in the first months of FY11 with more NGS tests planned in November and laser first light planned in late November or early December.

SOAR Telescope Instrumentation

 SOI: The SOAR Optical Imager, built at CTIO, has been regularly used on SOAR since the telescope commissioning. The instrument performed reliably during the whole of FY10. While the imager is currently a mosaic of two 2K  4K detectors, the upgraded dewar with a single 4K  4K detector was delivered and is awaiting regular scheduling (in the mean time it was used in SIFS commissioning).

 OSIRIS: The Ohio State Infrared Imager and Spectrometer, which is fitted with a CTIO 1K  1K Rockwell HgCdTe array, was moved to SOAR after several years of use on the Blanco 4-m telescope and was successfully commissioned in FY05. Although the instrument is getting rather old, it continues to reliably provide both an imaging and a modest-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy capability (up to R = 3000) for the NOAO and SOAR communities.

 Goodman Spectrograph: The Goodman Spectrograph transitioned into a stable and regularly used instrument on SOAR. It currently is operated in only two of its planned three modes: optical imaging and single-slit spectroscopy. During FY10, significant work went into improving the performance and efficiency of the single-slit mode. SOAR continues to develop plans for the implementation of multi-slit spectroscopy with this instrument. The laser- cutting machine, which allows cutting of masks for the Goodman Spectrograph multi-object mode and also for the Gemini Multi Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South, was purchased in FY08 and has been in full operation since FY09 for GMOS. Software to operate the multi-slit mode of Goodman is under development, and it is anticipated that commissioning of the multi-slit mode will take place during FY11

 Spartan Infrared Imager: Commissioning of the Spartan 4K  4K IR imager was accomplished in the first half of FY10, complete with a replacement science-grade detector and other minor improvements to the system. This instrument is now in regular use by visiting astronomers, providing two different scales: a f/21 channel with a FOV of 3.0  3.0 arcmin and a scale of 0.043 arcsec/pixel chosen to resolve the diffraction-limited core of Tip-Tilt- corrected images in the H and K bands, and a f/12 channel with a FOV of 5.0  5.0 arcmin at 0.073 arcsec/pixel.

 SAM: The SOAR Adaptive Module, being built at CTIO as part of the NOAO System In- strumentation program, saw first light in the Natural Guide Star mode in August 2009, and has been under continued development in the instrument labs in La Serena to prepare its laser guide star capabilities. The instrument and its status are described in section 4.4.1―System In- strumentation.‖

 Other SOAR Instruments: The Brazilian-built SOAR Integral Field Unit Spectrograph (SIFS) was delivered to SOAR in December 2009 and achieved its first spectrum on 29 April 2010. However, problems with the fiber bundle developed soon after this first light (appar- ently due to issues during shipping), and the bundle was returned to Brazil for repair. Com- missioning of SIFS is expected to resume in mid 2011. Brazil also delivered the Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager (BTFI), although currently this is considered to be a facility instrument for SOAR. The high-resolution SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (STELES) is expected to arrive from Brazil in late 2011.

19 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

CTIO Small Telescopes and SMARTS The Small and Moderate Aperture Telescope Research System (SMARTS) Consortium continued to operate four small telescopes at CTIO in FY10. The Consortium is sound financially, although the membership regularly changes as specific projects (and funding) are finished and new projects enter the group. The instrumentation and operational modes remain an attractive complement of imagers and spectrographs with classical, service, and queue operational modes available.

SMARTS Telescopes Instrumentation

 CTIO1.5-m: The CTIO 1.5-m telescope has been designated as the SMARTS spectroscopic facility, hosting two complementary spectrographs. The fiber-fed Echelle spectrograph provides high-resolution spectroscopy for bright targets. FY10 activities included delivery of an upgraded detector system, moving the current detector to a new MONSOON-based system, the first such system to go into regular use at CTIO. This upgrade is being followed by a more ambitious project, called the CTIO High-Resolution Spectrometer (CHIRON), to upgrade both the spectrograph optics and detector system to provide a ten-fold improvement in throughput. The CHIRON project is led by Deborah Fischer with NSF grant funding in collaboration with Andrei Tokovinin and technical staff at CTIO. The 1.5-m Cassegrain spectrograph continues to be available, and it is possible to switch between the two spectrographs in less than 30 minutes. Both instruments are available only in service mode observing.

 CTIO 1.3-m: The A Novel Double-Imaging Camera (ANDICAM) instrument on the CTIO 1.3-m provides simultaneous optical and near-IR imaging in full service, limited queue mode. The optical imager relies upon a 2K  2K CCD, and the IR capability is based upon a 1K  1K detector. The maximum time per night per project is set at three hours in order to support the wide range of astronomical monitoring projects that are supported by this unique combination of telescope, instrument, and observing mode.

 CTIO 0.9-m: The CTIO 0.9-m telescope continues to support a fixed 2K  2K optical imager, with observations scheduled alternately in one week of classical mode and one week of service. This facility is the cornerstone of a major astrometric project, led by Todd Henry of Georgia State University, which relies upon the long-term stability of the instrument and telescope.

 Yale1.0-m: The 1.0-m telescope at CTIO belongs to Yale University and is operated by the SMARTS Consortium. This telescope supports a 4K  4K optical imager used only in classical mode. It is a popular platform for student training and observing runs.

Tenant Observatories and Projects CTIO continues to offer a unique platform providing US scientists and institutions access to the skies of the Southern Hemisphere. CTIO hosts a total of 15 telescopes and several additional projects studying a wide range of phenomena, from the Earth‘s own atmosphere to distant gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In FY10, one new project began operations and construction continued on another, LCOGTN (described in section 4.1.2). Following its refurbishment by Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy (SARA), the Lowell 0.6-m telescope began remote observation operations on Cerro Tololo in May 2010. As- tronomers from the SARA consortium now use the facility remotely on a nightly basis. The Wiscon- sin H-alpha Mapper (WHAM) project (lead institution University of Wisconsin) successfully completed re-commissioning its instrument after the move from Kitt Peak in FY09. The University of North Carolina Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes (PROMPT) project consists of six small telescopes that rapidly follow up GRBs discovered by the Swift satellite and subsequently trigger a target-of-opportunity interrupt at SOAR. At oth-

20 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

er times, the telescopes will make observations as part of an extensive education and outreach program in North Carolina. Full science operations for four of the telescopes began at the start of FY06, and the facility has successfully made GRB follow-up observations since then. In addition, the University of Michigan operates the 0.6/0.9-m Curtis Schmidt telescope, which is used part-time in a NASA-funded project to catalog space debris in geosynchronous orbits. During FY10, the Dark Energy Survey consortium reached an agreement with Michigan to use the telescope for pre-survey calibration observations with a prototype camera using the same detectors as those in the DECam. Observations began in August 2010 and will continue in early 2011. CTIO also continues to host a Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) station; the Portable Ionospheric Camera and Small-Scale Observatory (PICASSO) imager project, operated by the Uni- versity of Illinois to study the Earth’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere; and a lunar scintillometer and transient camera belonging to the Advanced Liquid-mirror Probe for Astrophysics, Cosmology and Asteroids (ALPACA) project (lead institution Columbia University).

4.1.2 NOAO South Facilities Operations At the start of FY10, the AURA Observatory Support Services (AOSS) unit was officially merged within the NOAO South organizational structure and renamed NOAO South Administration and Fa- cilities (A&F). The integration was handled without disruption of the services provided by the former AOSS unit. Throughout FY10, the facilities support group focused their efforts on activities related to the integration into NOAO as well as support for new facilities on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón and ongoing stimulus projects. On Cerro Tololo, construction was begun for the first deployed system of the LCOGTN, and in May final grounding and other detailed work was completed for the foundations of the three 1.0-m telescopes, six 0.4-m telescopes, and other structures for the LCOGTN system. This site was chosen for the first deployed system because of the site‘s extensive infrastructure and available expertise. The domes for the 1.0-m telescopes arrived and were assembled, and planning for the arrival of the buildings and the telescopes themselves is well underway. In addition, support was provided for the design of a new telescope structure to house a 0.8-m telescope addition to the Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes (PROMPT) cluster. Design plans were completed and are pending approval from PROMPT to start bids for construction. NOAO South staff also provided fundamental information to prospective new tenants who are investigating bringing three more 1-m-class telescopes to Cerro Pachón, Cerro Tololo, or Cerro Morado. On Cerro Pachón, construction of the second phase of the Pachón dormitory, fully funded from AURA Corporate finances, was completed by the contractor. With funding from ARRA, progress toward a new extension to the Cerro Pachón dormitory was significant, with the second iteration on the floor plan for the third phase completed by the end of FY10. This phase will provide a permanent kitchen and dining facility for Cerro Pachón to replace the current, temporary building. The solicitation for construction proposals was issued in the last days of FY10, and construction is planned to begin early in the first quarter of FY11. Plans for repairs and renovation of the dormitories and dining facility on Cerro Tololo are also progressing, with work extending into FY11. Several pending facility issues were resolved in FY10. Emergency generator systems for both Cerro Pachón and Cerro Tololo were purchased, and the Pachón generator was installed in the fourth quarter of FY10. These will provide an important element of safety, powering not only sensitive equipment but also heating systems in the dorms during extremely cold winter nights in the not-so- rare cases of power outages. All of the paved roads on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón were repaired and repainted. The required documentation was completed and official certification of the medical emergency facilities on both mountains was received as issued by the Health Secretary of the regional government. NOAO South hosted the AURA Board in early February. The highlight of the meeting was the groundbreaking for the Vista Sidney Wolff, which is on the road to CTIO and has a beautiful view of the SOAR and Gemini telescopes and the site for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).

21 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

NOAO South staff supported the development and signature of the LSST contract for architectural and engineering services to provide the final design and blueprints for the LSST observing facilities on Cerro Pachón. This contract will allow the design to be completed so that the moment funding is received, construction can begin on the telescope and support buildings, which will allow the project to maintain its rapid schedule from construction through commissioning.

4.1.3 NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services The NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services (CIS) group manages not only the computing and network systems for NOAO South, but also the shared network systems for all of the AURA units in Chile. It also provides support (on a cost-recovered basis) for the Las Campanas Observatory and Carnegie‘s Magellan telescopes. During FY10, NOAO South support activities included completion of the transition to Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone systems. All units of NOAO South, including the newly integrated NOAO South Administration & Facilities group, are now served by VoIP systems, providing significant international long-distance savings as well as better communica- tions (less hesitation to make calls) between NOAO North and South. The planned voicemail system was put on hold due to higher priority network infrastructure needs. The downtown facilities network was restructured to provide improved service and security to NOAO South and other AURA programs. The NOAO South computer support team installed and integrated an advanced intrusion detection system into the AURA site-wide (NOAO-managed) logging, monitoring, and reporting system as an important addition to the outer perimeter of a layered cyber- security strategy. The integration of the Administration & Facilities group included integration of this formerly separate group into the NOAO South network structure. Requirements for this integration included not only the necessary security measures to protect the critical accounting and payroll information (as required by auditors), but also measures to support secure connections (a dedicated virtual private network, VPN) from the administrative subnet in La Serena to the similar subnet in Tucson. This secure connection was configured and is now in use. The CIS group also supported the installation and operations of the networking for the Andes LIDAR Observatory (ALO) on Cerro Pachón. Network appliances were deployed to the site, and support was provided for the creation of an ALO subnet. This work included support for the successful connection of the Chilean Dirección General de Aeronautica Civil‘s civil aviation tracking display system needed for the safe operation of the ALO laser device. The network at the AURA gatehouse was improved to better support a remote ALO sensor that was installed there.

4.2 NOAO NORTH

4.2.1 KPNO Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) operates the Mayall 4-m and 2.1-m telescopes. Additionally, KPNO operates the WIYN 3.5-m telescope in partnership with the University of Wisconsin, Indiana University, and Yale University. The Kitt Peak telescopes of the National Solar Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (the Very Long Baseline Array) receive direct operational support or maintenance services from KPNO in addition to the shared mountain facilities provided for all of the tenant observatories on the mountain. In 2008, KPNO began a five-year program to modern- ize and improve its facilities. The process of addressing issues of deferred maintenance for the entire site also was begun. During FY10, KPNO continued to prepare the WIYN 3.5-m telescope and dome to receive the One Degree Imager (ODI), a new wide-field optical imager. FY10 saw continuing effort to keep KPNO telescopes equipped with forefront instruments, to broaden the involvement of young astronomers in the use and development of new instruments, and to support exciting and world-class research activities. Most notable among these was the upgrade to the Mosaic-1 imager, which has been given new CCD detectors and is operated using MONSOON controllers developed at

22 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

NOAO. The refurbished instrument, designated Mosaic-1.1 has better efficiency at all wavelengths, a significantly larger dynamic range, and nearly an order of magnitude faster read-out time. During FY10, NEWFIRM, the wide-field near- IR imager on the Mayall 4-m telescope, was temporarily reassigned for use in the Southern Hemisphere on the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope. It is expected to return in the summer (northern) of 2011 and will be recommissioned on the Mayall. Work began on the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS), which is based on the design of OSMOS, a spectrograph built by The Ohio State University that uses Volume-Phase Holo- graphic grisms and is operated at the MDM telescope on Kitt Peak. Deployment of this Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) funded instrument is expected in late FY11. In December 2009, a call for proposals was issued for a Large Science Program with the Mayall telescope. The concept is for a research group to bring a capability to the Mayall that would enable their own high-impact science project, as well as enable science by others using this new capability. To the latter end, the project is expected to provide data processing software for community use. The capability would be expected to address needs of the US Optical/Infrared System. One such proposal was received and will be given a non-advocate review in early FY11. The combined down time due to technical problems for the Mayall 4-m, WIYN 3.5-m, and 2.1-m telescopes (including instruments) was 2%, which is favorable compared to the less than 3% of FY08 and certainly a rectification from the abnormally high 6% loss of time incurred in FY09. Time lost due to poor weather was 30%, close to the historical average.

Mayall 4-m Telescope During a late summer shutdown of the Mayall, major repair of the cracked dome rails (that support the dome) was almost completed. Work on the dome shutter brakes will continue into FY11. The console room was upgraded, including modernization of the computers used by the observers and replacement of the flooring with a non-static material.

Mayall Instrumentation

 Mosaic-1: The Mosaic-1 imager, which is the widest field optical imager currently offered at KPNO, was used at the prime focus of the Mayall until June 2010 when it was decommis- sioned for its upgrade to Mosaic-1.1 using funding from ReSTAR. Mosaic-1 continued to be in high demand at both the Mayall 4-m and the WIYN 0.9-m telescopes, and the refurbished Mosaic-1.1 will be offered at both locations pending commissioning.

 NEWFIRM: NEWFIRM was offered at the Mayall to heavy demand until its transfer to the Blanco 4-m telescope at CTIO in early 2010. NEWFIRM will return to KPNO in late 2011.

 Simultaneous Quad IR Imaging Device (SQIID): This near-IR imager allows simultaneous J, H, and K-pass band imaging and is a favorite of proposers who need multiband data over a modest field of view. This instrument is available at both the Mayall and 2.1-m telescopes.

 FLAMINGOS IR Imaging Spectrometer: The first cryogenic multi-slit near-IR imaging spectrograph in the world, FLAMINGOS, was built by Richard Elston and his colleagues at the University of Florida with modest assistance with the detector and initial funding from NOAO/KPNO. The instrument, showing its age and in need of refurbishment, is still break- ing new ground with the aid of a new integral field unit provided by Steve Eikenberry and the University of Florida.

 InfraRed Multi-Object Spectrograph (IRMOS): John Mackenty and his colleagues at Goddard Space Flight Center built this groundbreaking near-IR spectrograph to test micro- mirror technology for future space missions as an alternative to multiple cold slit masks for cryogenic near-IR spectroscopy. IRMOS now provides KPNO observers with a flexible near- IR multi-object spectrograph.

23 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

 Multi-Aperture Red Spectrometer (MARS) and RC Spectrograph: These two low to moderate optical spectrographs continue in service, although upgrades to the guiders, detectors, and controllers are desirable. The MARS nod-and-shuffle observing mode, which allows improved sky-background subtraction, continues to be offered.

 Echelle: The Echelle Spectrograph continues to be offered. Over the past years, several of the highest ranked proposals by the NOAO Time Allocation Committees (TAC) have re- quested this instrument.

 Visitor Instruments: Scientists continue to bring visitor instruments to test innovative technologies and observing modes (e.g., visiting Speckle Camera, EXP).

2.1-m Telescope In addition to supporting general observing programs, the 2.1-m telescope continues to be a test-bed for new instruments. There is a rich history of this: IRMOS and FLAMINGOS were extensively commissioned and tested at the 2.1-m. These two near-IR spectrographs were used to pioneer technologies now being used in new instruments for 8-m telescopes and space observatories. D. Figer (Rochester Institute of Technology) used the 2.1-m to test the on-sky performance of silicon pin- diode detectors, devices being considered for the LSST. A. Szymkowiak and his colleagues at Yale used the 2.1-m to commission a new high-throughput optical spectrograph. While developing new technologies for astronomy, these groups have been able to use the 2.1-m to undertake astronomical research and involve students in the process of developing the next generation of astronomical instrumentation. In the same vein, J. Ge and his University of Florida colleagues have used the 2.1-m as a test- bed for the development of new instruments. They had multiple, successful science runs with their innovative, high-precision, radial velocity, fiber-fed, bench spectrograph called the Exoplanet Tracker (ET), which produces a fringe pattern from a Michelson interferometer at nearly right angles to the absorption features on the widened stellar spectrum. The recorded phase of the interference fringes is then extremely sensitive to small velocity shifts. They are currently working with the successor to ET, called EXPERT, which has now achieved velocity stability of 1 to 2 m/sec, and is making measurements of stars at the 8th or 9th magnitude. Work on ET and EXPERT has also been the core of three PhD dissertations to date.

2.1-m Instrumentation

 CCD Imager

 Simultaneous Quad IR Imaging Device (SQIID): See description under Mayall Instrumen- tation

 FLAMINGOS IR Imaging Spectrometer: See description under Mayall Instrumentation

 GoldCam CCD Spectrograph: An aging optical spectrograph that is still in demand by KPNO users.

 EXPERT: Built by J. Ge and his colleagues at the University of Florida, this instrument, funded in part by NSF grants to the University of Florida, has been available to the community through proposals to the NOAO TAC under an agreement with J. Ge and the University of Florida.

24 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

WIYN 3.5-m Telescope The WIYN Observatory consists of the WIYN 3.5-m and 0.9-m telescopes. KPNO and NOAO are partners in the consortium (including University of Wisconsin, Indiana University, and Yale Univer- sity) that operates the WIYN 3.5-m, the most modern of the telescopes operated on Kitt Peak. Work continued in FY10 on the One Degree Imager (ODI). However, problems with the manufacture of OTAs (orthogonal charge transfer CCDs) have delayed delivery of the focal plane indefinitely, with adverse impact on project cost. A project review slated for early FY11 has been set up to seek guid- ance with risk mitigation and strategy. A conceptual plan for a data pipeline, portal, and storage that proposes to use legacy algorithms developed at NOAO on a TeraGrid platform was reviewed in late FY10. A more detailed design is to follow.

WIYN 3.5-m Instrumentation

 Hydra + Bench Spectrograph: This multi-fiber spectroscopic capability remains very popular with the university partners of the WIYN Observatory and also is sought by members of the NOAO community.

 SparsePak3 + Bench Spectrograph: This is an integral field fiber feed alternative to the Hydra multi-object spectrograph.

 MiniMosaic Imager (MIMO): This aging facility instrument remains the main optical imager available at WIYN.

 U. Hawai’i OPTIC Camera (OPTIC): This optical imager (built by John Tonry, University of Hawai‘i, and colleagues) has been a regular visitor to WIYN, and has been offered as a user instrument. It uses innovative orthogonal transfer CCDs to enable improved delivered image quality and rapid read-out observing modes. However, the instrument has likely seen its last use at WIYN in FY10, and there are no plans to bring it back.

 WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC): Built by Margaret Meixner of Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Ed Churchwell (University of Wisconsin) and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University, STScI, WIYN Observatory, and NOAO/KPNO, this near-IR imager provides very high spatial resolution, near-IR imaging over a 3.3′  3.3′ field of view. During FY09, instrument scientist R. Joyce (NOAO) and colleagues successfully commissioned the use of the WIYN Tip-Tilt Module (WTTM) with this instrument. When used together, WTTM and WHIRC have yielded 0.3″ FWHM images.

Infrastructure Modernization Design of an Instrument Handling Facility capable of servicing all KPNO and WIYN instruments on site was mostly completed. This ARRA-funded project, when finished, will make it unnecessary to transport large instruments (such as NEWFIRM and ODI) to the Tucson facility, thus removing the risk of damage during transport. Another major ARRA-funded project is to replace the water plant infrastructure on Kitt Peak; assessment and preliminary design for this project has been underway during FY10. A suite of site monitoring instruments was completed, including an All Sky Camera, Weather Station, and a differential image motion monitor (DIMM) telescope (being tested at the end of FY10).

25 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Kitt Peak Visitor Center Usage The Kitt Peak Visitor Center (KPVC) is administered as Kitt Peak Visitor Center part of Kitt Peak National Observatory. In addition to the Summary of Visitors operations of the mountaintop visitor center and gift store, (October 2009 through September 2010) KPVC runs the Nightly Observing Program (NOP) and Advanced Observing Program (AOP). These internation- Group/Program # of Visitors ally known programs allow public visitors to the moun- General public tours 8,188 tain to experience observing the wonders of the Universe with modern, small telescopes at one of the world‘s best School groups K-12 725 sites, surrounded by working research observatories. This is a unique experience for those who participate, and it Special tours 665 communicates the excitement of astronomy to the general public. The table at the right provides usage statistics for Nightly Obs. Program 7,206 the KPVC for FY10. The numbers are similar to those Advanced Obs. Program 84 from FY09 and FY08, except for school groups, which Total Visitors for has dropped (FY09 had a much higher number whereas 16,868 FY08 had a similar number) and for special tours, which All Paid Programs have increased by fifty percent over FY09 and tripled since FY08. An elevator for handicapped access to the Visitor Center‘s 20-in telescope was completed in FY10 using ARRA funding.

Celebrating 50 Years of Kitt Peak Observatory The year-long set of activities celebrating 50 years of KPNO were concluded in FY10. The culminating events in March 2010 (corresponding to 50 years since the dedication of the site of Kitt Peak Ob- servatory) included two science meetings: ―From First Light to Newborn Stars‖ and ―The Eventful Universe.‖ These drew good representation from the science community with engaging talks and discussions on topics that are currently at the scientific forefront. Another day of science review talks highlighted pioneering achievements resulting from observations made at Kitt Peak on various themes ranging from star formation to dark matter and dark energy.

Site Protection K. Neugent and P. Massey (Lowell Observatory) obtained spectroscopic measurements of the night sky brightness at Kitt Peak on several nights in 2009 and 2010 and compared them to measurements obtained in 1988 and 1999 (http://www.noao.edu/news/2010/pr1003.php). Their results, published in the October 2010 issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, indicate that de- spite Tucson‘s rapid growth, the sky brightness of Kitt Peak has stayed remarkably constant over the past 20 years. Compared to 1988, the sky is ~0.1 mag brighter at zenith and ~0.3 mag brighter toward Tucson. The sky is comparable to what it was 10 years ago at zenith and ~0.1 mag darker toward Tucson. Ongoing efforts to minimize the light contributing to sky glow while enabling necessary growth and development appear to have been effective. The KPNO Director‘s Office continues to raise awareness regarding community actions that protect the quality of our skies for astronomical research. The KPNO director served on the Pima County and City of Tucson outdoor lighting code committee and as chair of the subcommittee revis- ing and updating the code to address the new generation of lighting, most notably blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The towns of Oro Valley and Sahuarita have consulted with astronomy representatives as they update their sign codes to help businesses. Representatives of Arizona‘s astronomy community (including active representation from Kitt Peak) worked with city planners and government staffers from the Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) to develop a pattern outdoor lighting code that can be used by all the MAG communities. KPNO collaborated with the Education

26 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

and Public Outreach (EPO) group in related community outreach, including enabling a brief, local exhibit of photographs from the International Year of Astronomy‘s ―The World at Night‖ program. The assistant to the KPNO director represented KPNO and NOAO at numerous general, public, go- vernmental, and professional meetings (local, national, and international) promoting the protection of dark skies for astronomical research and education.

Relations with the Tohono O’odham Nation Maintaining good communication between the Tohono O‘odham Nation and the observatory remains a priority of the KPNO Director‘s Office with support from the EPO program. KPNO continues to support tours and nighttime observing sessions of school children and adults from the Nation; this year‘s efforts included special overnight programs combined with O‘odham led cultural awareness activities for their youth. KPNO had a booth at Schuk Toak District Days; hosted and supported the 2010 summer Horse Camp, which operated under the auspices of the Tohono O‘odham Community College; hosted the Tohono O‘odham Community Action Young O‘odham United through Health program‘s camp; and supported numerous educational programs by NOAO‘s EPO. Relationships continue to develop as various groups (e.g., Planning & Economic Development Department) within the Tohono O‘odham Nation contact KPNO to improve networking and learn about the observatory. The KPNO Director‘s Office was contacted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) about upgrading their radio transmission tower, which was installed in the 1960s, to assist the Indian Health Services. Requests to install new radio transmitters on observatory grounds have been received from the De- partment of Homeland Security and the Pima County Wireless Integrated Network (PCWIN). A meeting on Kitt Peak in July 2010 was held to help answer questions. When the Nation requests it, KPNO works with the Nation, BIA, the Tohono O‘odham Utility Authority, and others to enable improved capability to the Nation without adversely impacting the observatories. Having obtained per- missions from the Schuk Toak District Council and the Nation‘s Legislative Council and relevant committees, KPNO is preparing to fly the District‘s and Nation‘s flags on observatory grounds and to improve the signage to recognize that the observatory is located on the land of the Tohono O‘odham Nation. KPNO is working to build strong relationships with many segments of the Nation to further mutual interests.

4.2.2 NOAO North Facilities Operations The efforts of the Central Facilities Operations (CFO) staff for NOAO North were focused on several areas over the past year. A new engineer was employed to help existing staff to develop subcontracted engineering design efforts and prepare documentation in support of the new stimulus projects funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) as well as several Kitt Peak and Tucson building infrastructure refurbishment projects budgeted for with NSF base funding. CFO staff activities throughout the year involved the targeted renovation of the NOAO North buildings in several areas, with the required remediation of asbestos- containing floor tiles, to accommodate increased office space demands by various programs. Leaking irrigation systems, deteriorated exterior glass exit doors, and several roof- mounted HVAC units were replaced during the year, and a new recycling program was put in place. With NSF authorization, the deteriorated duplex building was demolished, and the area was cleared to accommodate external storage and future parking needs (see Figure Figure 12: Demolition of the deteriorated duplex at North 12). Warren Avenue and East First Street.

27 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Project design documentation was completed to allow for several projects to be bid and started in the final quarter of the fiscal year. These included the initial phases of a multi-year effort to upgrade the video conferencing systems, the beginning of the phase two effort to install an Americans with Disabilities Act-compliant accessible entrance to the La Quinta meeting room, and the replacement of non-operational fire sprinkler system valves in the main building and 45-year-old sprinkler heads. CFO staff also provided documentation, expertise, and on-site support to expand the access control systems at the Gemini North Hilo facility. In conjunction with the NOAO Director‘s Office, an engineering firm was brought in to review the existing east wing office structure of the main Tuc- son building and evaluate the feasibility and estimated costs for a possible expansion of the facility.

4.2.3 NOAO North Computer Infrastructure Services During FY10, the NOAO North Computer Infrastructure Services (CIS-N) group accomplished large portions of two major, multi-year projects: upgrade and improve the environment (power, cooling fire-suppression) in the NOAO-Tucson computer lab and upgrade and improve the NOAO-Tucson campus network. Furthermore, core systems were upgraded based on a 3- to 5-year replacement cycle. Core computer systems that were replaced and upgraded in FY10 following this replacement cycle included email.noao.edu and dhcp-kp.kpno.noao.edu. Building upon the new Computer Room Air Conditioner (CRAC) units installed in FY09, plans were made for a third CRAC unit to be installed in early FY11 and for the removal and replacement in early FY11 of the building‘s cooling system devoted to the computer lab. These changes should result in a very flexible cooling system that can support increased use of the lab, adapt to summer and winter conditions, and be easily maintained. During FY10, many of the racks in the computer lab were relocated to create ―hot-cold‖ aisles to improve cooling efficiency. ―Legacy‖ computers were taken out of service and removed from the lab to make room for several racks containing systems moved from elsewhere in the building to take advantage of the climate-controlled conditions in the computer lab. Further in the future, power issues such as increased capacity and generator backup and the fire-suppression system will be addressed. The NOAO-Tucson campus network infrastructure was continually and incrementally improved in FY10. Several backbone links were upgraded to 10 Gbit/sec circuits, and some fiber runs had to be replaced due to rodent ―chew-through.‖ Several Ethernet switches were upgraded to improve performance and capacity or to provide a quieter environment nearby. Wireless access points were upgraded where needed. The processor module in the Cisco 7206 router that connects NOAO-Tucson to Kitt Peak and to the Internet was upgraded. The Kitt Peak mountain network was upgraded to support 1 Gbit/sec links to the domes in anticipation of future increases in bandwidth from Kitt Peak to Tucson.

4.3 NOAO SYSTEM SCIENCE CENTER The existing and planned facilities of the US Ground- Based Optical/Infrared System (System) constitute an extended and powerful system of observational capa- System User bilities. A key mission for NOAO is to deliver com- Support munity access within the System to a broad range of world-class instruments on telescopes of all apertures. NSSC forms NOAO‘s interface with the System with NOAO System Science Data the primary aims to strengthen the contributions of Science Center Management NOAO‘s directly managed facilities to the System, to provide user support for System facilities not directly

managed by NOAO, and to anticipate and advocate System Community for the future development of the System. The NSSC Development mission thus incorporates a wide range of responsibil-

28 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

ities, many of which focus on present-day facilities, while others deal with the evolution toward a future system, such as organizing community input for the LSST and Giant Segmented Mirror Tele- scope (GSMT) projects. NSSC consists of three major programs: System User Support (SUS), Science Data Manage- ment (SDM), and System Community Development (SCD). SUS provides help to users of the currently available open-access time to facilities that are not managed by NOAO, which covers the entire process of proposal preparation, submission, observing, and post-observing data questions. SDM support revolves around the archiving of all raw data from NOAO facilities and pipeline processing for selected instruments, as well as the data needs and support for future projects that involve NOAO. SCD maintains a broad view of the current state of the System and how community desires and needs are best mapped into the future evolution of this system.

4.3.1 System User Support System User Support (SUS) aims to help users make excellent use of the System capabilities to which NOAO provides access. In FY10, these facilities include the Gemini Observatory‘s twin 8.1-m telescopes, the 10-m Keck I and II telescopes, the two Magellan 6.5-m telescopes, the 6.5-m MMT, the 200-inch Hale at Palomar Observatory, and the Center for High Angular Resolu- tion Astronomy (CHARA) optical interferometer. While none of these facilities are directly operated by NOAO, SUS staff do critical work to ensure that the US community is well-served by them. In particular, SUS staff advertise the System capabilities available to the US community, maintain a regular presence at the winter and summer AAS meetings, field technical questions and provide proposal technical reviews for the large majority of System capabilities, help users of all System facilities prepare for their observing runs, provide support to users seeking help with their data reduction and analysis, and represent the US community‘s interests to the partner observatories. The largest share of US public-access time to large telescopes is on Gemini. SUS staff are inte- grally involved in support of this access. For instance, the Gemini observing process requires the submission of a Phase II file once an observing program is approved. SUS staff guide US users through the process of creating the Phase II files, helping users optimally design their programs and checking them for errors. Phase II files are used directly to operate the telescope and instruments, such that errors in Phase II files translate to lost telescope time. SUS staff often iterate several times with the PIs and with Gemini support staff, who provide backup checking, to ensure that the Phase IIs are well designed. SUS staff are also on hand to help users through the data reduction process for Gemini instruments. To this end, SUS organized the Gemini Data Reduction Workshop during July 19-22 in Tuc- son, AZ (http://www.noao.edu/meetings/gdw/). The workshop, which featured presentations and in- teractive sessions led by Gemini and SUS staff as well as local experts, was aimed at teaching those basics of data reduction relevant to the bulk of Gemini‘s capabilities, as well as detailed techniques particular to the most popular Gemini instruments. The workshop was very productive, with many at- tendants, in particular graduate students and young researchers, working with instrument experts on their data up until the very last moment. SUS recognizes that maintaining or improving the demand for Gemini depends on continuing to develop a strong base of users who see Gemini as critical to their research, as well as providing excellent support for all users. Thus, SUS actively encourages classical observing on Gemini as evidenced by 15–20% of US programs, which is amounted to 20–30% of US time, being scheduled as classical observing runs funded by NOAO in semesters 2010A and 2010B. SUS staff also conducted six visits to the Gemini sites during the October 2009 to July 2010 time period, with two of these being month- long visits to Gemini South to allow participation in Flamingos-2 testing and commissioning. These staff visits, coupled with the support of classical observing, point to the dedication of NSSC-SUS towards building and maintaining relationships with both the US community and the Gemini Observa- tory.

29 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

The Gemini Observatory is currently preparing itself for the UK withdrawal from the Gemini partnership. SUS is actively involved in trying to make the transition as smooth as possible for the US user community, through advocating for its needs. In early FY10, NSSC-SUS performed a survey of the users‘ instrumentation needs, the results of which were presented at a ―US Gemini Town Hall‖ at the January 2010 AAS meeting. SUS staff were involved in responding to the request for white papers with ideas for a new high-resolution optical spectrograph for Gemini. SUS staff also represented the US Gemini interests through membership on the Gemini International Time Allocation Commit- tee (ITAC), Operations Working Group, and other committees, and met regularly with Gemini and other partner staff in bi-weekly video meetings. For the System facilities other than Gemini, SUS ramped up its support in FY10. One or two SUS staff members were assigned to serve as the NOAO contacts for each of the Keck, Magellan, MMT, Palomar, and CHARA facilities. These contacts will make sure that the experience for NOAO users of the facilities meets their needs. During this fiscal year, SUS staff made site visits to Keck, Pa- lomar, and CHARA, interacting with staff at the observatories, learning the details of their operations, and participating in observations. Reports from these visits provided helpful knowledge that SUS will use to improve its support of System users. SUS staff also participated in the Keck Science Meeting, allowing them to observe how the Keck Observatory connects with its users. During preparations for the 2010A/B observing semesters, SUS performed technical reviews of proposals for Keck HIRES, Magellan MIKE, Hale DoubleSpec and TripleSpec, and CHARA.

4.3.2 Science Data Management The efforts in FY10 of the Science Data Management (SDM) program were directed primarily toward meeting the immediate data management needs of NOAO and its user community. SDM continued to operate an End-to-End (E2E) system to archive all raw data from NOAO facilities, to pipeline process and archive data from the Mosaic and NEWFIRM instruments, and to serve those data to the astronomical community through the Portal, the interface to the NOAO Science Archive. Emphasis was placed on streamlining and improving the entire system and, in particular, the user‘s interface to the Science Archive. SDM greatly improved its notification process to observers regarding their data. All primary investigator (PI) observers for a given observing semester on NOAO facilities were sent an email at the beginning of the semester and another email one week before their observing runs. Unregistered users were invited to register with the Archive (using the National Virtual Observatory, NVO, Single Sign- On) if they had not done so already. Mosaic and NEWFIRM observers received an additional email when their pipeline-reduced data had been archived and were ready for retrieval. These efforts saw a substantial increase in the amount of data downloaded from January through September 2010 (1.6 TB, FITS Tile-compressed) over the same period in 2009 (0.95 TB, gzipped). SDM also provided support for near future instrumentation. SDM supported the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) instrument by developing the Data Transport System (DTS) for transferring Dark Energy Survey (DES) data to NCSA and Tucson and DECam community data to Tucson and by writing several documents for the delivery, installation, and support of the DECam community pipeline by SDM Operations. SDM collaborated in the development of a ―Pipeline, Portal, and Archive‖ proposal for the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) instrument and developed a prototype pipeline to operate within the Open Grid Computing Environment (OGCE) on the TeraGrid as a proof of concept.

Data Management Systems Operations The SDM Operations Group (SDM-O) continued to provide the day-to-day services for managing the software tools and services that they deploy for use by astronomers. SDM-O responsibilities also included moving thousands of images each day from all of NOAO‘s instruments and telescopes into safe storage, the continuous ingestion of image metadata into the NOAO Archives, operating science pipelines, serving NOAO raw and reduced data to PIs, managing the NOAO Help Desk and interact-

30 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

ing with users and instrument teams, and defining and deploying the hardware needed to support all of these tasks.

Archive SDM continued operation of the NOAO Survey Archive. This archive supports long-term access to data from NOAO Survey programs and contains high-level, reduced data products from over 15 different surveys. The NOAO Survey Archive received steady community use with more than 100 unique visits per month during FY10. Also during FY10, two major releases of the E2E system were deployed by SDM. In the first release, February 2010, the file compression method used in the Internet Save-the-Bits (iSTB) program was changed from gzip to FITS Tile compression using the Rice algorithm. This saved SDM both time (tile compression is up to ten times faster than gzip) and storage (files are typically 20–80% smaller than the equivalent gzipped file.) The second release, deployed in August, replaced the out- dated Source Resource Broker (SRB) file management system used by the E2E system with its next- generation replacement, the Integrated Rule-Oriented Data System (IRODS).

Portal In the past year, SDM put special emphasis on making NOAO data more easily accessible to users, particularly for PIs retrieving raw or pipeline-reduced data products from the NOAO Science Arc- hive. The biggest and most visible changes were made to the Portal, the user interface to the NOAO Archive. The front page and navigation were simplified (see Figure 13), and the query interface used to search for NOAO data was completely redesigned. It is now a simple, form-based system that should be immediately familiar to anyone who has used other major astronomical archives, without requiring careful study of instructions and documentation. The Portal and Archive documentation

Figure 13: Revised user interface to NOAO Science Archive.

31 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

were extensively rewritten to provide illustrated ―how to‖ guides aimed at making it as easy as possible for users to find and retrieve their NOAO data. The NVO single sign-on procedure, which allows PIs to gain access to their proprietary data products, also was simplified and made more robust. Fur- ther improvements and enhancements will be made to the Portal in FY11.

Current Pipelines There were two major releases of the NEWFIRM science pipeline this fiscal year. Version 1.1 was delivered in October 2009 and contained improvements to the photometry and cosmic-ray removal. Version 1.2 of the NEWFIRM science pipeline, released in May 2010, included improved photometry based on aperture sizes that are coupled to the seeing. The photometric accuracy was verified against an independent analysis of the same data. This pipeline release also included an option to remove ring- and stripe-like patterns in the NEWFIRM data and several changes to improve the performance and stability of the pipeline. In May 2010, the NEWFIRM instrument was deployed on the Blanco 4-m telescope at CTIO for the first time. The NEWFIRM science pipeline was updated to correctly process the CTIO data with an update to the fixed calibration data (e.g., bad pixels and world coordinate solution). Recent work on the NEWFIRM science pipeline focused on continued stability improvements and improvements to the operation of the pipeline (see Figure 14). Members of SDM assisted in the successful relocation of the NEWFIRM instrument by also supporting the deployment of the Data Handling Sys- tem (DHS) and the NEWFIRM Quick Reduce Pipeline (QRP) including any needed updates for the instrument‘s new location.

Figure 14: A field in the SMC, 1920s, Ks by R. Probst (NOAO), Septem- ber 2010. (Image credit: Rob Swaters/NOAO/AURA/NSF.)

Data Management Systems Development SDM continued to prepare for pipeline and archive support for DECam. Several SDM staff participated in the ―DECam Community Pipeline‖ external review held at NCSA in August 2010. SDM staff wrote jointly with DECam community pipeline developers several documents in preparation for the delivery of the community pipeline from NCSA. These include ―DECam Community Pipeline Operations and Maintenance Support,‖ ―DECam E2E Interface Control Document,‖ ―DECam Raw

32 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

and Reduced Header Content Spreadsheet,‖ ―DECam/E2E System Integration and Commissioning Plan,‖ ―NOAO DECam Community Pipeline Acceptance Plan,‖ and ―DECam DES/SISPI – DTS In- terface Control Document.‖ Several members of SDM participated in the DECam community pipeline bi-weekly telecons hosted by NCSA, the monthly DECam Systems Interfaces Working Group (SIWG) meetings, Survey Image System Process Integration (SISPI) Working Group meetings, and the DES Collaboration Meeting that occurred in FY10. A significant milestone for the DTS developed by SDM for DECam was reached in late Sep- tember 2010. The DTS was demonstrated to efficiently transfer DECam data between the specified DES computer systems. Its efficiency and ease of use generated interest among other large projects such as LSST Data Management. Staff of SDM worked with the Pervasive Technologies Institute (PTI) at Indiana University (IU) as part of two ODI Pipeline, Portal, and Archive Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs). An SDM staff member hosted a week-long meeting in Tucson and remotely attended a workshop at IU to discuss software technologies developed at NOAO and PTI. Changes were made to the NOAO pipeline system to allow the installation of a portion of the NOAO Mosaic Camera pipeline at IU for a proof of concept. An SDM member worked with PTI to install their software at NOAO for evaluation and development. Further modifications to the NOAO and PTI software followed to enable NOAO pipelines to work with PTI software running on the TeraGrid. Two TeraGrid workflows based on the NOAO pipeline system were created to demonstrate the system being proposed for ODI. Members of SDM devoted significant time, above and beyond the technology demonstrations, in support of the NOAO/PTI/WIYN effort to produce a pipeline, portal, and archive (PPA) proposal for ODI. This culminated in the participation in a successful external review of the proposal in the first week of FY11.

Science Data Processing (IRAF) The IRAF FITSUTIL external package was updated to include the utility tasks ―fpack‖ and ―funpack‖ for compressing FITS images using Tile compression (fpack) and uncompressing Tile-compressed FITS files (funpack). These FITS utilities were layered on the cfitsio package found at http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/fitsio/c/. Documents were also made available from the SDM Web site to assist anyone wishing to use the fpack and funpack utilities directly. A 64-bit implementation of IRAF was developed and an alpha release was made in May 2010 to interested developers. Feedback was received and bugs in the software were identified and fixed. A final release of 64-bit IRAF (version 2.15) is expected in November 2010.

Science User Support Members of SDM created a searchable keyword dictionary that consists of keywords found in headers of NOAO data including the instrument configuration, the world coordinate system, time stamps, and detector array characteristics. This definitive repository of keyword definitions for the most heavily subscribed NOAO instruments was made publically available in mid-2010 at: (http://archive.noao.edu:8080/keyword-dictionary-webapp-1.4-SNAPSHOT/Instrument.html). The dictionary will be extremely useful tool for NOAO users to understand the data they are given and to NOAO staff building new instruments.

Community Efforts (VAO) SDM received its first Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO) grant funds in July 2010 to aid efforts in the areas of User Support, Product Development, Operations, and Standards and Protocols. The majority of the effort is allocated to User Support and the SDM manager is the User Support task lead as well as the NOAO institutional lead. A great deal of effort was contributed to the development of the ―VAO Product Execution Plan‖ delivered to NSF in August.

33 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Work continued in the development of standards for the VOEvent version 2.0 (of great interest to LSST Data Management), a testing plan for all VAO services and applications, preparation for the first VAO exhibit at the AAS in Seattle, and portal development in the form of extensions to the VOClient interfaces and VO-CLI tools, which will provide improved desktop tool integration. Members of SDM served on several committees during FY10 including the International As- tronomical Union (IAU) FITS Working Group, the North American FITS Group, the Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems Conference (ADASS) Program Executive Council, and the chairmanship of two IVOA Working Groups (VOEvent and Data Access Layer). Members of SDM supported the IVOA Interop meetings in November 2009 and May 2010.

4.3.3 System Community Development NOAO System Community Development (SCD) staff prepared a plan outlining the process for the development of a roadmap for the US Ground-Based O/IR System, as a logical succession to the Re- newing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) and Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research (ALTAIR) studies. The roadmap activity would include a bi- annual report on the status of the US System and a standing committee to provide strategic advice. Although NSF/AST was receptive to the idea of a plan, they were reluctant to endorse the formation of a new committee for this purpose. Thus, this activity remains on hold. The second three-year phase of NOAO‘s implementation plan to address the recommendations of the ReSTAR study will begin in FY12, and so NOAO reconvened the ReSTAR committee to update their report and provide advice on a proposed process for soliciting partners for this next phase. A draft solicitation was issued and publicized, and an open meeting will take place in November 2010 to discuss the process and ideas for community participation. As part of an effort to keep the community informed about NOAO‘s program and invite feedback, an invitation was issued through Currents, the NOAO electronic newsletter, to have NOAO staff visit departments and regional meetings. In July 2010, two NOAO astronomers attended the annual meeting of the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium to present an overview of the NOAO program and plans. An operational review of the NOAO Survey Program was held in July 2010 to provide advice on how policies and processes might be modified to make this program more effective. The key recommendation of this review was to formalize the agreement between NOAO and survey teams into a signed Memorandum of Understanding. The goal of this change would be to better define the survey deliverables and their schedule and to hold the survey teams accountable for their delivery.

GSMT/ELT Science NOAO‘s program to prepare and engage the community in GSMT science and to connect them to the two US GSMT projects, Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), remained on hold for much of FY10, awaiting the outcome of the Astro2010 report. A strong recommendation for immediate federal investment would have triggered a renewed effort to involve community members in scientific planning for the GSMT era. However, following the publication of the report in September 2010, NSF/AST removed NOAO/AURA‘s oversight role and instructed that further scientific and technical interactions would be at the discretion of the TMT and GMT projects. Consequently, the GSMT science effort remains inactive, as NSF/AST develops a process for determining a possible future federal investment.

LSST Science NOAO again organized the selection process for adding new members to existing LSST Science Col- laborations. This was the first year in which proposals for new Science Collaborations were accepted. A panel of experts evaluated the proposals and the LSST director approved the panel‘s recommendations. Of the three proposals to create new Science Collaborations, one was approved. There were for-

34 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

ty proposals to join existing Collaborations. Nineteen of these were approved, adding twenty-three new individuals. Members of the NOAO LSST Science Working Group (SWG) organized and participated in a series of meetings resulting in a draft report on the LSST scheduling requirements. They also worked with the Operations Simulator group of the LSST project to make improvements in the Simulator post-processing (SSTAR) reports. As a step towards science evaluations of operations strategies, the chairs of the Science Collaborations were contacted and correspondence begun on scheduling requirements and performance metrics for their specific science cases. NSSC staff helped to organize ―The Eventful Universe‖ meeting (part of the 50th anniversary celebration of Kitt Peak and the National Observatory) as members of the Scientific Organizing Committee. Many other NSSC staff members participated in the meeting itself. Discussions held at this meeting were aimed at ascertaining the community‘s expectations and aspirations for how time- domain research will be carried out over the next decade, including into the LSST era. The NOAO LSST SWG began discussion of an end-to-end LSST simulation experiment in which high-cadence wide-field imaging observations would be obtained and processed, alerts would be generated, and follow-up observations would be carried out. The community would be engaged to participate in this experiment. The focus was on the software infrastructure necessary to characterize and distribute events discovered by time-domain surveys. This led to a proposal submitted to the NSF Software Infrastructure for Sustained Innovation program that would enable the development of a software tool to process time-domain alerts. The goal is for this tool to act as a broker for time- domain events that will aggregate information from time-domain surveys and existing databases, characterize the distinguishing elements of the events, provide an interface for humans and machines to select interesting events, and generate an objective estimate of the follow-up capacity necessary for time-domain surveys. Many members of the NOAO staff participated in the LSST ―All-Hands‖ meeting held near Tucson in August. They made several presentations, mainly in the area of data management, but also in the area of operations models. In addition, the NOAO LSST SWG began a project to characterize the transient sky. Current estimates for the rate of transients that may be detected on a nightly basis by LSST vary widely. The goal of the project is to provide realistic estimates of the numbers of transients that may be detected, including type, magnitude distribution, and rates. With this information, one could predict the number of transients expected in each LSST image. The SWG will create a framework for organizing information about transients and populate the structure for objects for which there is expertise among the members of the SWG. The SWG would then engage the community, especially the LSST Science Collaborations, to contribute their specialized knowledge to complete the description of the transient sky. By creating this framework, the SWG will facilitate a simple path for community involvement.

Optical Interferometry Science An NSSC goal is to offer increasingly access to private array facilities through the System. The Keck Interferometer has been accessible through the Telescope Instrumentation Program (TSIP) for several years. During FY10, NOAO collaborated with Georgia State University to open the CHARA Array to NOAO TAC competition, first in 2010, and subsequently extended to 2011. The September 2009 Ob- serving Proposal solicitation attracted 10 proposals for 17 nights of use of the CHARA Array, representing an oversubscription factor of 3.5. Four proposals were recommended for approval in 2010. Three of these projects have been completed, and PIs are in possession of reduced data—one project remains to be carried out in December 2010. A ―lessons learned‖ white paper has been prepared for internal NSSC use, describing the challenges of offering community access to interferometry and effective solutions. A principal conclusion is that as long as private array facilities do not have assistance with the costs of community access, such access will require a mix of unfunded (volunteer) support from array staff, with some level of support from NOAO staff making up any shortfall. As of September 30, the TAC had received 13 CHARA proposals for 2011, for an oversubscription factor of 3.7.

35 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

NSSC staff worked in 2010 with New Mexico Tech in planning a workshop on ―Science with Optical Interferometry,‖ scheduled for March 2011. The objective is to familiarize the community with available interferometry facilities and to promote thinking about science opportunities enabled by the opening of community access. A Science Organizing Committee (SOC) was formed, in part from volunteers responding to an open invitation in NOAO Currents. The SOC has been pro-active in defining a program and in recruiting invited speakers. NSSC staff worked with the chairs of the June 2010 SPIE conference ―Optical and IR Interfe- rometry‖ to organize a 90-minute special session on interferometry and the community, with workshop-format discussion of international planning, future meetings, and the development of interferometric imaging. NSSC staff also worked through the IAU Commission 54, Optical and Infrared Interferometry, the Mount Wilson Institute, and the Observatoire de la Cote d‘Azur, to define two new prizes, the Michelson and the Fizeau, offered with the intent to ―provide recognition within the interferometry community, as well as in the broader science community…and to assist…with engaging the community in promoting the future of optical interferometry.‖ In June, the first Fizeau Prize was awarded to Professor Antoine Labeyrie and the first Michelson Prize to Dr Michael Shao, in each case for lifetime contributions to the field.

4.4 NOAO SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY CENTER The NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) is responsible for coordinating technological enhancements to the US Ground-Based Optical/Infrared System System (System) by NOAO directly, in collabora- Instrumentation tion with various partner institutions, or through the ReSTAR Telescope System Instrumentation Program. As Instrumentation such, it takes the leadership role on technical activities within NOAO needed to realize new telescope NOAO System Telescope System Technology projects or to enhance the instrument complements Instrumentation Program Center on existing System telescopes operated by NOAO or other entities. LSST Technology NSTC incorporates five programs serving Program these goals: (1) the System Instrumentation (SI) program, which oversees the direct efforts of GSMT/ELT NOAO to build new instruments or enhance the per- Technology Program formance of existing instruments for its own telescopes, for the Gemini telescopes, and for other telescopes participating in the System; (2) the ReSTAR Instrumentation Program, which manages the implementation of NSF-funded projects for the 4-m System; (3) the Telescope System Instrumenta- tion Program (TSIP), which provides funding to other observatories for new instrumentation in return for time on their telescopes being made available to the US community through the NOAO TAC; (4) the LSST program, which provides scientific, engineering, and management support to the LSST Project and is responsible for telescope mount, enclosure design, and site work within the LSST partnership; and (5) the GSMT/ELT Technology program, which provides engineering assistance to the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) projects upon request and on a cost-recovery basis as well as oversight of the design development funding provided to the two projects under NSF SPO-10 (AST-0443999).

36 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

4.4.1 System Instrumentation

SOAR Adaptive Optics Module The SOAR 4.2-m telescope on Cerro Pachón produces very high-quality images over a field of view 10 arcminutes square. The SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM) is designed to enhance this image quality by correcting the turbulence in the first 5–10 km of atmosphere, reducing the image size by half during appropriate atmospheric conditions, which are expected to be available about half the time. SAM will incorporate an ultra-violet (UV) laser guide star working in Rayleigh backscatter mode, with laser pulses and shutter timings coordinated to select the altitude of the reflection used for the wavefront correction. SAM is being implemented in two overlapping phases: the first phase for the main Adaptive Optics (AO) module, and the second phase for the Laser Guide Star (LGS) system. During FY10, the SAM main module was completed. The remaining subsystems not tested during the FY09 commissioning nights—the dedicated CCD science imager (SAMI), the turbulence simulator for daytime calibration (TurSim), the Atmospheric Dispersion Compensator (ADC), the steerable offset probes for acquiring tip-tilt guide stars, and the laser wavefront sensor—were built, installed, and tested individually in the La Serena laboratory. At the end of FY10, the entire main module was undergoing end-to-end system acceptance testing in the lab, with a permanent return to the SOAR telescope planned for early November 2010. The SAM team also completed the LGS system during FY10. The laser launch telescope (LLT) optics were delivered in May 2010 and accepted as meeting specifications. The steerable mount for the LLT, which will be attached to the back of the SOAR secondary mirror, was fabricated in the La Serena shop and integrated with motors and cabling in the lab. The laser box, which holds the indus- trial laser itself as well as the fast safety shutter and the initial beam expansion optics, was fully assembled and tested in the lab. The team also assembled and tested the beam transfer optics and their mounts. Finally, the team used the LGS system to project an artificial UV ―star‖ into the main module for a lab demonstration of closing the AO loop on the laser source (see Figure 15). The team will install the entire LGS system on the SOAR telescope starting in mid-November 2010, immediately following installation of the main module. On-sky testing of the main module is scheduled for engineering time in late November 2010. If that testing is completed satisfactorily, testing of the LGS and main module together will begin during scheduled engineering time in December. Following successful completion of those subsequent tests, commissioning efforts will proceed over the next six to nine months. Commissioning will include on- sky performance calibration, simplification of startup and operations procedures, completion of user- friendly interface software, completion of documentation, and training of maintenance and observing support staff.

37 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Figure 15: Lab test results with the AO loop open (top) and closed (bottom), using the LGS system to project an artificial “star” in the lab. The laser wavelength is 355 nm.

MONSOON/TORRENT Detector Controller The MONSOON image acquisition system is the NOAO solution for scalable, multi-channel, high- speed image acquisition systems required for next-generation projects. MONSOON is designed to be flexible enough to support CCD, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), and IR diode imaging arrays in a wide variety of uses, including science instruments, acquisition and guide cam-

38 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

eras, and wavefront sensors. MONSOON is under development jointly by staff at both NOAO North in Tucson, Arizona, and NOAO South in La Serena, Chile. Throughout FY10, the MONSOON team was primarily devoted to a project of repackaging the MONSOON circuitry into a form factor that makes it useful as a plug-in replacement for a variety of aging controllers at CTIO and KPNO. This repackaging effort, nicknamed TORRENT, sacrifices the infinite scalability of the original MONSOON, which is needed only for very large focal planes, and in return achieves a much smaller form factor, lower power consumption, and lower cost while retaining most of the original circuitry and all of the original software. During FY10, a student engineering clinic project in collaboration with students and faculty at Harvey Mudd College was completed. The project, spread out over two academic years, was to design, develop, and test firmware implementing an ultra-low- noise CCD front-end for MONSOON-type controllers (see Figure 16). The final report from the clinic team was received at the end of the Harvey Mudd College academic year in early May 2010. The firmware design successfully demonstrated operation of the oversampling front-end hardware developed during the previous year‘s clinic, yielding Figure 16: Harvey Mudd College student Masato Kocberber in the NOAO Tucson lab. Kocberber was intent in testing read noise levels below one electron rms. the correct operation of the physical implementation of the Most of FY10 was devoted to lab test- 2009–2010 NOAO-sponsored clinic project. ing and revision of the prototype TORRENT systems built in FY09. Following the test and revision cycles, the team held a Production Readiness Review on 20 August 2010 to identify any remaining issues with the TORRENT systems prior to initiation of volume production. The review report was generally favorable, complimenting the team on the useful design and the achievement of most of the engineering requirements. The report noted, however, that the team had only begun to fill out the Acceptance Test Matrix. The report also recommended further thermal testing to ensure that the passively-cooled TORRENT unit will stay within its operating temperature range when running at full power. As FY10 ended, the MONSOON/TORRENT team was completing the Acceptance Test Matrix and working through the other actions recommended by the review panel. The team expects to complete this work during the first quarter of FY11 and begin volume production of TORRENT controllers right away. The first TORRENT unit delivered, in the second quarter of FY11, will go to the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi- Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS) under construction for KPNO (as discussed in section 4.4.2).

4.4.2 ReSTAR Instrumentation The Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) committee was commissioned by NOAO in FY07 to report on expected future science use of the national system of 2-m to 4-m telescopes. The committee released its report in January 2008, and since then, the SI group has been working with other NOAO staff and various instrument building groups throughout the community to develop implementation plans that address those parts of the committee report that called for new instrumentation. In November 2008, NOAO submitted a proposal to the NSF for supplemental funding to carry out the first phase of the ReSTAR committee‘s recommendations. Late in FY09, NOAO was advised that the NSF would provide a one-time supplemental award of $3M to support implementation of the ReSTAR initiatives. Based on this award level, the SI program launched three projects in FY10: a new optical spectrograph (KOSMOS) for the Mayall telescope at KPNO in partnership with The Ohio State University, an upgrade to the CCDs and controllers on the Mosaic-1 prime-focus imaging camera for the Mayall telescope, and an upgrade to the CCD and controller for the Hydra-South wide-field multi-object fiber spectrograph at the Cerro Tololo Blanco telescope. All

39 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

of these projects will be supported in varying proportions from a combination of ReSTAR supplemental funding under SPO-1 AST-0244680 and NOAO base budget funds under CSA AST-0950945.

KOSMOS The Ohio State University (OSU) commissioned a new, high-throughput optical spectrograph (called OSMOS) on the Hiltner 2.4-m telescope in April 2010. During FY10, NOAO and OSU jointly carried out a study of design changes needed to adapt OSMOS to the Mayall 4-m telescope. The study resulted in a revised design of the spectrograph‘s camera optics, to yield a suitable plate scale with the larger beam on the Mayall (Figure 17). The study also examined the mi- nor necessary mechanical changes, the suitability of the Mayall guiding and calibration systems, and the development of instrument control and user Figure 17: The optical design for the KOSMOS spectrograph cam- interface software that conforms to era. As shown, the diameter of the largest element is 145 mm. The design yields excellent optical performance at a scale of 0.29 arc- KPNO requirements. An external sec/pixel, and fully illuminates a 2048 x 4096-pixel detector in panel reviewed the re-design study on spectroscopic mode. 2–3 August 2010. The review panel‘s report was generally quite favorable and offered a few recommended action items for risk reduction. For the remainder of FY10, the KOSMOS team worked through the recommended action items and drafted a formal response to the panel. As FY10 ended, OSU and NOAO were preparing to sign a contract for the construction and completion of KOSMOS, with an estimated delivery date of August 2011.

Mosaic-1 Based on input received from its Users Committee and other community representatives, NOAO elected to use some of the funding received for the first year of ReSTAR implementation to upgrade the Mosaic-1 camera on the Mayall 4-m telescope. The Users Committee strongly recommended an upgrade that would result in faster readout times, greater reliability, and improved quantum efficiency. From October through early December 2009, the Mosaic-1 upgrade team carried out a study of possible upgrade paths. The study identified a need for new CCD detectors, new detector controllers, and new software. The study recommended retaining the existing format of eight CCDs, each of 2048  4096-pixel format, to ensure the largest possible fill factor in the focal plane. The study included another cycle of Users Committee input to select the scientifically optimal anti-reflection coatings for the CCDs. The study was reviewed on 20 January 2010, and the review panel enthusiastically endorsed the plan. The CCD vendor, e2v technologies, delivered the new CCDs in late March 2010. A sample of the CCDs was tested in the NOAO labs, allowing an opportunity to optimize their performance with the MONSOON controller architecture. At the same time, a new Invar focal plate was fabricated in the NOAO shop to hold the new CCDs in the Mosaic-1 dewar (see Figure 18). The Mosaic-1 camera was brought down from KPNO in June 2010. The new CCDs were installed, wired and tested over the following two months. The Mosaic-1 filter mechanism and optics were thoroughly cleaned as well during the down time. Final lab testing in September yielded very satisfactory results, with readout times of 18 seconds for the full focal plane (compared to 150 seconds before the upgrade) at a readout

40 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

noise of five electrons (compared to six electrons before the upgrade). The MONSOON controller and new software proved highly reliable, with no failures encountered during lab testing. The upgraded instrument is scheduled to be recommissioned on the Mayall starting 22 October 2010, with the first science use scheduled for November 4.

Hydra-South

Also based on input from its Users Committee, NOAO elected to use Figure 18: The new Mosaic-1 focal plane in the clean room, with some of the funding received for the seven of the eight new CCDs installed. first year of ReSTAR implementation to upgrade the Hydra-South instrument on the Blanco 4-meter telescope. Again, the desired improvements were faster readout, greater reliability, and improved quantum efficiency, especially in the red and far-red parts of the spectrum. Based on this advice, the project team elected to replace the existing detector and controller with a thick, high-resistivity CCD from Lawrence Berkeley National Labs (LBNL) and a TORRENT controller, respectively. The extreme red sensitivity and reduced fringing offered by the LBNL CCD made it by far the most attractive choice. Unfortunately, LBNL could not supply a science-grade device in a small, 4-side-buttable package (as required by the mechanical constraints of the Hydra Dewar) until early in calendar year 2011. Given the heavy work- loads associated with SAM commissioning, acceptance of the Dark Energy Camera, and other high- priority projects at CTIO, it became necessary to defer further work on this upgrade until FY12, after Dark Energy Camera commissioning is well underway. The CCD procurement with LBNL will proceed so that the new detector will be in hand well before then, but the needed personnel will not be available until at least October 2012.

Year 2 Funding As FY10 ended, the NSF informed NOAO that it would award an additional $3.9M for a second year of ReSTAR implementation. NOAO will use the funding to build a copy of KOSMOS for the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope, with this copy to be called Cerro Tololo-Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (COSMOS). NOAO also will use the funding to build a copy of the high-throughput near-IR spectrograph called TripleSpec. This instrument, to be deployed at the Blanco telescope, will be built in partnership with Cornell University, which was one of the institutions involved in construction of the original TripleSpec.

4.4.3 Telescope System Instrumentation Program TSIP has the goal of strengthening the system of public and private optical/IR facilities by funding the development of facility instruments for large private telescopes, and thereby broadening community access to these telescopes. For semesters A and B of 2010, the two Keck telescopes, the MMT, and the Magellan telescopes were available for community access. The program was established in FY02 as a $4M-per-year program, and it is administered and coordinated by NOAO for NSF under SPO-5 AST-033546. NOAO, on behalf of NSF, allocated $28M through FY10 to TSIP projects. A summary of the projects funded is provided at: http://www.noao.edu/system/tsip/summary.php. In FY10, a call for proposals was issued in June and NOAO received five letters of intent for new projects. Proposals were submitted by 17 September 2010; three system improvement proposals

41 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

(instrument) and two system access proposals were received. The proposal review will take place on 26–27 October 2010 (i.e., in FY11). NOAO continued oversight of on-going TSIP projects in FY10. These include the WIYN One Degree Imager, Keck MOSFIRE near infrared multi-object spectrograph, the LBT MODS2 optical multi-object spectrograph, the Keck Next Generation Adaptive Optics system, the Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field optical spectrograph, the Magellan Adaptive Secondary, and the Magellan IMACS camera CCD upgrade.

4.4.4 LSST Technology Program The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a proposed large-aperture, wide-field, ground- based telescope designed to obtain sequential images of the entire visible sky every few nights in a ten-year survey. The single database of images and data products will be designed to address many science programs across the astrophysics communities as outlined in many Astro2010 white papers, AAS posters, and the 600-page LSST Science book. The project is being carried out by the LSST Corporation (LSSTC), which is a non-profit 501-C3 corporation in the State of Ari- zona. NOAO is a founding member of the corporation, which now has 34 member institutions active in the corporation and project. LSSTC is pursuing the design and development of the project through an NSF grant, member institution efforts, Department of Energy funding to its laboratories addressing the LSST camera design, and private funding used to address long-lead construction items and specific development initiatives. NOAO‘s effort in the project is focused in three key areas: (1) support to the project management, systems engineering and leadership of the operations planning effort; (2) responsibility for the design, development, and construction of the facilities in Chile, including the telescope, enclosure, and support facilities both on the summit and in La Serena; and (3) community engagement intended to support science collaborations. The latter is to support the community and maximize the scientific return of the LSST Project and survey, which is discussed in section 4.3.3 System Community Devel- opment of this report. The efforts within the telescope and site group are funded through carry- forward funds from a supplement to SPO-1 AST-0244680, LSSTC design and development funds from CSA AST-1036980 and NOAO base funds from CSA AST-0950945. These budgets are accounted for separately but managed within the NOAO LSST Group as a single efficient NSF project.

Management Support NOAO continued to provide support to the LSST Project and LSSTC independent management team. NOAO has a permanent seat on the LSSTC Board of Directors and provides the personnel for the LSST Deputy Project Manager. An NOAO Scientist continued to be on leave to the LSSTC to fill the role of LSST System Engineer. NOAO continued to extend its expertise in observatory operations to the development of the LSST Operations Plan. Under the direction of the NOAO director and deputy director, the LSST Operations Working Group completed a preliminary draft of the initial operations plan sufficient to support the Project preliminary design review and construction readiness. A new proposal for 30 additional months of Design and Development was submitted and reviewed this year. NOAO worked with LSSTC to submit the new proposal to follow the previous design and development award (AST-0132798) and extend the effort through FY13 in anticipation of a Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction start then. The proposal was reviewed by an NSF panel visiting Tucson on December 15–17. The 30-month effort was awarded effective 1 April 2010 under CSA AST-1036980 for a total of $10.8M. In addition to the Proposal Review meeting discussed above, three other major meetings were supported this fiscal year. At the 2010 AAS meeting in Washington, NOAO personnel supported the poster session and a special one-day LSST Science Collaboration Meeting held the day prior to the Conference. The 2010 SPIE conference on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation was widely supported by NOAO engineers with 12 papers submitted. Finally, LSSTC held its fifth All Hands

42 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

Meeting in Tucson on August 9–13. The entire Telescope and Site team along with many NOAO scientists participated in this conference, which focused on the Science and Engineering of LSST. Supplemental funding provided for this meeting allowed for the travel expense support of the following participants:

Participant Affiliation Appointment

Alexandra Abate University of Arizona Postdoctoral Researcher Deborah Bard Stanford University Postdoctoral Associate Steve Bickerton Princeton University Postdoctoral Associate Dana Ioana Casetti Yale University Associate Research Scientist Chihway Chang SLAC/Stanford University Graduate Student Marla Geha Yale University Assistant Professor Justine Haupt Brookhaven National Laboratory Staff Scientist Eric Hilton University of Washington Research Associate II Zhaoming Ma Brookhaven National Laboratory Postdoctoral Researcher Ashish Mahabal California Institute of Technology Staff Scientist Curtis McCully Rutgers University Graduate Assistant CP Ricardo Munoz Yale University Postdoctoral Associate Joshua Pepper Vanderbilt University Research Assistant Professor Sam Schmidt University of California, Davis Postdoctoral Researcher Ezequiel Treister University of Hawai’i Did not attend Ashish M-ahabal California Institute of Technology Staff Scientist

Telescope and Site The development activities in FY10 focused on the completion of the preliminary design and prototypes to support design tasks and risk reduction. The Preliminary Design Review was originally anticipated this year but is now targeted for spring 2011. The final design plans were completed for the December proposal review and then initiated when the 30-month Design and Development award was granted in April. The focus of activity on the Facility and Site was the development of the Sum- mit Facility Design. The procurement process for the Architecture and Engineer- ing (A&E) services was completed, and a contract was awarded to ARCADIS in Chile. Following the kick-off meeting in March 2010, the ARCADIS and LSST teams completed numerous technical inter- change meetings to advance the facility de- Figure 19: Rendering of the LSST Summit Facility developed sign process. Figure 19 shows the latest by ARCADIS in the A&E effort underway. rendering of the facility, which features sleek lines driven by wind shedding advantages and aesthetic composition. An NOAO North staff member who is the Telescope and Site team architect was relocated to Chile this year to support the LSST activities in Chile. He moved with his family in December to focus on the interactions with ARCADIS and support other Chile-related activities.

43 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

The updated IR All Sky camera (ASIVA) was received after a successful final acceptance test at the vendor facility. The camera was installed for a temporary commissioning run at the Calypso telescope where comparisons with optical imaging were done. A significant heat load and computational fluid dynamics analysis was completed this period within the dome. The work focused on completing a specification and evaluating the effects of the heat load from the camera and secondary mirror systems that are located on the upper end of the telescope. Air conditioning designs and detailed requirements for the architects developing the facility mechanical systems were also completed. The effort on the telescope design concentrated on the interface to the facility, refining some critical details, and updating the finite element model. The results are seen in Figure 20 with all interface details developed. The finite element model is nearly completely refined to support advanced mod- al analysis. Interactions with the LSSTC primary mirror contractor have continued this year with good success. Technical consultation was provided throughout the successful attachment of load spreaders de- Figure 20: LSST telescope model with all facility signed by NOAO, installation of the thermal couple interfaces developed and critical details included. system, and the front surface fixed abrasive grind- ing. The telescope and site engineers also supported the analysis and design of repair measures for damage to the primary mirror substrate in a machine tool accident. The repair will fully restore the mechanical and scientific performance of the mirror. Management and technical consultation was also provided to the LSST effort in final acceptance of the secondary mirror blank. NOAO engineers made significant progress this year in the design and prototyping of the critical primary mirror support hardware. Tests of force actuators and pneumatic valves led to a preliminary choice for this hardware. A hard point strut was developed and testing is underway (see Figure 21). The thermal system was also fully designed and analyzed to verify performance. Each of these activities was the subject of technical papers presented at the SPIE conference in June 2010. The LSST Calypso telescope was successfully operated this year providing performance data necessary for both scientific planning and construction phase planning. Observing runs were completed on Kitt Peak to collect imaging data on Calypso with a Y3 and Y4 filter and to collect simultaneously spectroscopic data on the 2.1-m telescope and again on the 4-m telescope. NOAO‘s LSST group sponsored a Summer Research Experiences for Undergraduates student who helped with Ca- lypso observing to acquire the data necessary to study the differences in Y3 and Y4 imaging in the presence of variable water vapor conditions. The designs for calibration screen prototypes were completed this Figure 21: NOAO Mechanical year, and scaled down designs that use off-the-shelf optics for three Engineer Joe DeVries stands versions of a projection system were completed as well. Hardware for next to the primary mirror the prototype testing was acquired and was assembled at LSSTC‘s hard point mounted in the yel- partner and collaborator, Harvard University, to further test and eva- low test frame. luate the components and design performance. While this effort continues, the status at the time was reported in a paper presented at the SPIE conference in June.

44 O/IR SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

The middleware design and testing continues. The open source, data distribution service (DDS) software, OpenSplice DDS, was tested and successfully incorporated into the baseline design and the prototype systems. This replaces the Real-Time Innovations, Inc. commercial product. Revisions to keep the abstraction layer code up to date continued and were provided to LSST developers for use in their specific developments. The utility infrastructures for the Summit and Base facilities were brought to a preliminary design level this year. The requirements and concepts for utilities on the summit were provided to the architecture firm, and designs for distribution were resolved. The base facility design and utility requirements also were refined this year, providing a good basis for continued discussions of a joint computer center and an integrated operations building on the AURA compound in La Serena. The operations simulator effort at NOAO met its objectives and continued to support the project with many simulations of the survey and many tools to interact with the data. Several new baseline runs were completed to show possible variations to survey results. The standard report was updated with key inputs from science investigators, and a new effort to develop enhanced scientific metrics was initiated this year. An NOAO Scientist engaged each LSST Science Collaboration to establish metrics specific to their science for evaluation of each simulated survey.

4.4.5 GSMT/ELT Technology Program During FY10, the NOAO Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Program Office (GSMTPO) continued to pursue its core mission of ―ensuring broad astronomical community access to a 30-meter-class telescope that will be contemporaneous with ALMA and JWST, by playing a key role in scientific and technical studies leading to the creation of the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT).‖ Activities of the program office fall into three principal areas: support for GSMT science- related activities; technical and scientific monitoring of the two US-based extremely large telescope (ELT) projects, the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), on behalf of the NSF; and the final phases of the site survey work in Chile, begun several years ago. The overall level of effort has continued to decline, as specific activities reach completion. New activities will depend on the NSF‘s implementation of the recommendations of the Astro2010 decadal survey, ―New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics.‖

Staffing The GSMTPO is staffed by NOAO engineers and scientists located in Tucson, Arizona; these staff also provide effort to other NOAO programs. In addition, a former member of the New Initiatives Of- fice staff is acting as Systems Engineering group leader for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) Project, while retaining his AURA affiliation.

GSMT Technical Activities

TMT and GMT Development Support and Technical Monitoring In July 2004, AURA submitted a proposal to the NSF requesting $39.4M to provide support for GSMT design and development. Approximately $18M was received through FY09 in response to this proposal; no additional funds were provided in FY10 nor are any anticipated under this award (SPO-10 AST-0443999) in the future. These funds (allowing for additional NOAO in-kind contributions) were split equally between TMT and GMT. In addition to receiving periodic reports provided by both projects, NOAO staff attend major project reviews and other relevant meetings, including those of the relevant scientific advisory committees, as observers. Information from these meetings is transmitted to the NSF by AURA as part of the reporting process required under the award. TMT activities under this award, including all required reporting, were completed in June 2010. The GMT activities are continuing under a no-cost extension through the middle of 2011.

45 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

The relationship with the two projects is expected to change in FY11; one of the recommendations of the Astro2010 decadal survey, ―New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophys- ics,‖ was for the NSF to engage TMT and GMT more directly, in addition to selecting and participating in one of the two projects. As of the end of the fiscal year, the NSF had not determined how it would implement these recommendations, but it is probable that the GSMTPO role will change as a consequence.

ELT Site Selection: Site Testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope Starting with a Memorandum of Understanding with the California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT) group in FY02, AURA played a major collaborative role in evaluating candidate sites for TMT. Data from the survey were critical in allowing TMT to select its proposed construction site on Mauna Kea (Hawai‘i) in July 2009, and in allowing the European ELT to select its proposed construction site on Cerro Armazones (northern Chile) in April 2010. Site testing observations ended in 2009, and the equipment has been removed from all sites. Pa- pers describing the survey methodology and results have been published, with additional papers in press or in preparation. The full survey dataset is publicly available as well. The AURA-owned equipment is now in use at CTIO, while one set of TMT-owned equipment has been loaned to LSST; the observations with the loaned equipment are now complete and the equipment will be removed from Cerro Pachón and serviced in preparation for return to TMT during the first part of FY 2011.

5 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

5.1 BUSINESS SERVICES

5.1.1 Central Administrative Services During the first quarter of FY10, Central Administrative Services (CAS) engaged in the annual year- end process, which includes oversight and closeout of NOAO activities as well as those of other entities for which CAS provides business services: AURA Corporate, WIYN, SOAR, and LSST Corpora- tion. CAS staff also prepared annual reports required by NSF and other federal and state agencies. This was followed by preparations for the calendar year-end processes, such as tax and benefit reporting. A review of the workload and staffing needs of CAS resulted in the creation of and hiring for three new positions throughout the year. A Senior Accountant was hired to assist with the increased requirements for reporting and compliance. A Sub-award & Contracts Officer was hired to assist with the increasing number of complex sub-awards being issued in conjunction with projects funding by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). In addition, CAS accounting added a new Accounting Specialist. This was necessitated after NOAO negotiated a Memorandum of Under- standing with Gemini Observatory to assume responsibility for Gemini‘s payroll processing. As a result of the additional workload, an additional position was required to cover accounts payable duties previously performed by payroll staff. A major step toward the integration of the AURA Observatory Support Services (AOSS) into NOAO South was achieved during the second quarter when the CAS Deputy Controller and Senior Accountant visited CTIO and worked out many of the details involved in combining financial data. Staff from CTIO traveled to Tucson during the third quarter to continue the effort. In March, AURA sponsored a two-day training program covering OMB Circulars A-122, A- 133, and other government regulations pertaining to procurement and contracts. Representatives from CAS Procurement and Sponsored Projects Offices, NOAO South Administration, STScI, and Gemini attended. Following the training, Center representatives met for two additional days to draft an AURA-wide procurement policy. Working with representatives from AURA Corporate and LSSTC, CAS managers reviewed and assisted in drafting a revised Business Service Agreement between AURA/NOAO and LSSTC. The final document will be forwarded to NSF for review and approval. CAS managers also assisted Na- tional Solar Observatory and Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) staff in compiling data for an upcoming review of the ATST construction proposal. The review is being conducted by De- fense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) at the request of NSF. CAS will be heavily involved during the accounting systems review portion of this audit. The Human Resources (HR) Department now reports directly to the NOAO Director. During the first quarter, the Human Resources group renegotiated all lines of benefits coverage, which resulted in an overall savings of approximately 5% in insurance premiums compared to FY09. A new carrier for life and long-term disability coverage was selected, and a new voluntary vision benefit was introduced. The HR group continued to focus on enhancements to the overall benefits package. During the second quarter of FY10, HR staff began an employee wellness program in Tucson that includes on-site educational meetings and exercise classes. HR staff are working with the payroll department to launch the employee self-service module of the UltiPro HR/Payroll software to enable employees to access their personal information and provide updates.

47 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

5.1.2 NOAO South Administrative Services At the start of FY10, the AURA Observatory Support Services (AOSS) unit was officially and effectively merged within the NOAO South organizational structure and renamed NOAO South Adminis- tration and Facilities (A&F). The administrative services activities of A&F are tightly coordinated with CAS activities in Tucson. Throughout FY10, the administrative group focused their efforts on activities related to the integration into NOAO. The integration efforts were centered largely on accounting systems, particularly in support of the development of the FY11 budget. Key NOAO North administrative staff visited La Serena for two significant visits, and leading NOAO South staff traveled to Tucson for further discussions. After extensive planning, the ingestion of NOAO South financial data into the central accounting system in Tucson was initiated successfully. An industry standard software package called USL Financials is used. Analysis of account mappings and further refinement of ingestion procedures continued into the fourth quarter as plans were laid for full USL operations during the first quarter of FY11. A test-bed for the USL-based accounting system was deployed (which included overcoming some important network security issues) to provide a training platform for NOAO South administrative staff. The USL system was deployed in Chile during the fourth quarter of FY10. However, system incompatibilities in the USL software prevented a successful transition to the deployed system. Current plans involve initially transitioning to a Tucson-based system to serve NOAO South remotely, and following up by moving the working system to Chile once all incompatibilities are resolved. The NOAO South administration staff analyzed the NOAO-created contract, procurement, and travel control system (Reqless) to identify the changes necessary to accept peso transactions, load account structures, and define local signature authority and workflows, while also contributing to analysis of how the Reqless system fits in with the detailed procurement compliance procedures being developed and discussed as AURA-wide policies. Modifications and adaptations to suit local requirements are well underway, and plans for deployment in Chile have been firmed up for early FY11, pending resolution of the above mentioned USL incompatibilities. The analysis of which capabilities of the AURA-standard human resource and personnel system, UltiPro, can be adapted for practical use in the Chilean administration processes was begun in mid-FY10 and continues. The expatriate staff of NOAO South gained user access to UltiPro along with the staff of NOAO North in mid-2010. The existing complexities involved in the management of Chilean payroll functions (local laws, mandated withholdings, diverse income tax structures, etc.) would make it extremely difficult to use UltiPro for the purposes of the Chilean payroll activities, but the use of non-payroll capabilities is being explored to provide the Chilean staff with some of the user benefits of the system.

5.2 OFFICE OF SCIENCE The Office of Science (OS) works to enhance the scientific environment at NOAO and ties to the local academic astronomy community. The OS also works to engage the US community of astronomers in the implementation and evolution of the NOAO mission. In the first role, the OS supports and encourages research by the NOAO scientific staff by providing resources (e.g., equipment, funding, career development services) and supporting programs (e.g., North and South colloquium series, science workshops, coffees and teas, Goldberg Fellowship program) that foster a scientifically productive environment. The OS schedules and manages promo- tion, tenure, and post-tenure reviews of the NOAO scientific staff. The Head of OS represents the NOAO scientific staff to the NOAO Director. On 1 May 2010, J. Najita took over from the retiring G. Jacoby as the Head of OS. In its second role, the OS supports and encourages research by the US community of astronomers through the NOAO Time Allocation process. The Head of OS also serves as editor of Currents, the NOAO electronic newsletter that primarily reports on policy issues and new opportunities and car- ries out surveys of community opinion.

48 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

In FY10, the OS completed the transition to a uniform and efficient mechanism for supporting staff research activities. Post-tenure reviews of staff are continuing, with reviews of several staff members in progress. The Head of OS worked with the relevant staff members in reviewing the materials submitted for their reviews. The NOAO role in the Joint Steward/NOAO Colloquium Series was revamped to inspire more ownership and participation in the series. A colloquium committee was created, and the role of host is now shared among staff members. A second organizer was recruited for the Tuesday Science coffee in the North to assist in supporting the series and to maintain the broad range of topics covered. NOAO South is revamping its Science Tea series. The OS also worked to develop a new mentoring program for staff career development in FY10. After reviewing career development models used in business, undergraduate colleges, and in other contexts, the Head of OS drafted a new mentoring model for NOAO to address the issues and concerns that arise in a scientific research and service organization such as NOAO. Implementation of the model is currently stalled as a result of funding concerns. In the mean time, the Head of OS and a representative from NOAO South plan to improve their understanding of what makes for a successful program by attending the mentoring workshops that will be held by the Gemini Observatory this winter. In recruiting a Goldberg Fellow for FY11, many excellent applications were received. Ultimate- ly, after making several job offers, NOAO was unable to recruit a Goldberg Fellow in FY10. A new search was begun at the end of FY10 with a new search committee in place. In support of this effort, the Goldberg Fellowship Web site was improved significantly. An attractive poster advertising the fellowship was created and disseminated. Planning began near the end of FY10 for the Science Workshop ―Massive Galaxies through Cosmic Time 3.‖ OS also began developing and implementing the mandated policy in the Responsi- ble Conduct of Research, among other activities.

5.3 EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH NOAO‘s Education and Public Outreach (EPO) group is responsible for managing and developing the NOAO efforts in formal and informal science education, with a strong emphasis on regional outreach in Arizona by the EPO North group and in Chile‘s IV Región de Coquimbo by the EPO South group (see Figure 22) and on national service to the astronomy education community. Similar to NOAO‘s efforts to support the optical/infrared astronomy system, EPO supports the national astronomy education community by identifying key areas of strategic importance to the astronomy education system. EPO programs train teachers and astronomers to communicate scientif- Figure 22: Activities of EPO South group. ic research principles and the latest discoveries in astronomy to pre-college students. The EPO group also supports the Research Experiences for Un- dergraduate (REU) programs at Kitt Peak for NOAO and at Sacramento Peak for NSO and helps facilitate graduate and post-graduate opportunities at KPNO and CTIO. Additionally, EPO built on the long-time success of its REU program in both hemispheres by adding minority students and university faculty from the NSF Partnerships in Astronomy & Astrophysics Research and Education (PAARE) program to the mix of its mentorship activities; South Carolina State University is an example.

49 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

FY10 highlights include the completion of the highly successful Astronomy for the Ground Up program training educators at small science and nature centers nationally and the extension of the Ga- lileoscope and Dark Skies international cornerstone projects, which were initiated during the Interna- tional Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009). This fiscal year also saw steady progress in Tohono O‘odham outreach. The NOAO EPO remains very active in presenting and publishing its approaches, lessons learned, and programs in order to provide value to educators and EPO professionals worldwide. Similar to the vigorous effort last year, the EPO Public Outreach department conducted 124 (mainly local) outreach Information Requests & Inquiries events (e.g., teacher professional development work- (October 2009 through September 2010) shop, star parties, festivals, family nights, etc.) in FY10. One of the larger of these outreach events was Type/Origin of Request Number when over 470 students from South Tucson built Ga- Information requests/inquiries about 863 lileoscopes in one day, under NOAO supervision. astronomy/science (phone calls, e- Perhaps the most memorable event was on 7 October mails, and walk-ins/requests for 2010 when NOAO astronomers active in outreach posters, bookmarks, brochures, etc.) were at the White House Star Party (initiated through Requests and inquiries for use of 3,113 the US International Year of Astronomy), and the NOAO images president and his family all looked through the Gali- leoscope and other NOAO telescopes (see www.aura- Total 1,176 astronomy.org/nv/Astronomy%20Beat-WHSP.pdf)

EDU Review Committee The NOAO external review committee for EPO met at NOAO headquarters in Tucson, on 5–6 April 2010. Members of the committee included K. Brecher (Boston University), K. McLin (Sonoma State University), R. Gould (chair, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory), J. Francisco Salgado (Adler Planetarium), L. Fortson (by phone, University of Minnesota), and M. Bardeen (in absentia, Fermi- lab). Overall the conclusion was that, ―NOAO‘s EPO program was deemed to be of the highest cali- ber. The program‘s accomplishments are especially notable given the limited number of staff and the constraints on funding.‖ The report continued, ―The NOAO‘s leadership role in the International Year of Astronomy is another obvious indicator of the program‘s effectiveness and its high regard within the science education community. The success of NOAO‘s role in IYA was all the more impressive given the limited funds and short time-scales involved.‖ The NOAO South education program in Chile was ―considered by the Committee a jewel in the crown of NOAO. It is thoughtfully managed and implemented, and spans an impressive array of stakeholders in Chile, from CADIAS and the ‗pipeline‘ of future scientists, to the various grassroots programs.‖ The committee‘s final report included the following four recommendations. EPO‘s actions this fiscal year on those recommendations are described after each one.

 Recommendation 1: The NOAO EPO Program should be encouraged to maintain and foster external partnerships, as appropriate and as aligned with the NOAO’s core mission. Action Taken: The NOAO EPO program sought additional partnerships with the Astronomical So- ciety of the Pacific (ASP) in the Galileo Teacher Training program and with their park ranger astronomy training program. NOAO has additional involvement with SPIE on the international La- serFest program and continues to be involved with the International Dark-Skies Association, CIE (the International Commission on Illumination), IAU, and other organizations on international dark- skies education programs. NOAO made preparations to host the national Project ASTRO meeting in May 2011, and will continue with the long-range plan with ASP on the Astronomy From the

50 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

Ground Up program. NOAO is working with University of Arizona on several teacher professional development programs and with the dozen other Project ASTRO sites. NOAO will continue to organize education sessions at professional meetings such as the fall American Geophysical Union meeting and workshops at other professional meetings.

 Recommendation 2: Explore opportunities to include examples from NOAO research in the education and outreach materials. More interaction between the Tucson scientific and E/PO staffs should be encouraged. Perhaps this could be accomplished by E/PO staff attending scientific talks, or by science staff attending E/PO activities, or both. Action Taken: NOAO EPO staff members are being encouraged to work more closely with the rest of the scientific staff and attend a significant number of talks. Non-EPO staff members at NOAO played significant roles in EPO events, science fairs, etc. NOAO research and technology advances are incorporated, as appropriate, into educational products created by the group and featured in school presentations. Research programs for teachers, such as the Spitzer Teacher and Student Re- search program involve NOAO scientists and projects.

 Recommendation 3: Interested and capable individuals within the NOAO organization should be identified who can provide continuity in the outreach activities toward the Tohono O’odham. Action Taken: K. Garmany continued as the key person in this area, with support from the entire EPO department. Outreach to the Nation is a top-level goal/priority of the department and resources are often reallocated to make last-minute events with the Nation successful. Lack of resources pro- hibits at this time the hiring or paying of an additional person to assist Garmany. NOAO has participated in the NSF Indigenous Education Institute/University of California Berkeley Cosmic Ser- pent professional development and partnership program. We hope to continue participation in any follow-on programs that may bring additional resources to NOAO.

 Recommendation 4: Where feasible, develop revenue-generating observing programs among universities with strong undergraduate astronomy programs. Also, use the refurbished robotic telescope to serve smaller colleges that may not be able to send students to Kitt Peak. Where feasible, develop revenue-generating observing programs among universities with strong undergraduate astronomy programs. Action Taken: This was a recommendation specifically made to the manager of the Kitt Peak Visi- tors Center, who is not part of the EPO department. Action has not been taken yet due to lack of resources.

Education Outreach Programs

Tohono O’odham Outreach EPO, in collaboration with the KPNO director, continued to explore all ways to assist in education and outreach on the Tohono O‘odham (TO) Nation. At the K-12 level, EPO staff continued efforts on the Tohono O‘odham Nation to engage schools and community centers. The new superintendent of the school district visited Kitt Peak in November for a tour. He expressed interest in making use of the opportunities available for his students. Classes from the reservation visited Kitt Peak for the night observing program on three nights in April and May. Three Head Start classes from the reservation toured Kitt Peak and engaged in astronomy activities in March, April, and July. At the Sells recreation center NOAO EPO sponsored Astronomy week during June 14–18. This included a variety of morning activities related to astronomy and optics and culminated in a visit to Kitt Peak. EPO set up a booth at Schuk Toak District day in April and supported a Tohono O‘odham student scholarship at Astronomy Camp in collaboration with the University of Arizona. In June, the Tohono O‘odham Horse Camp returned to Kitt Peak for the fourth year and included a star party. EPO also held a star

51 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

party at San Xavier recreation center on Feb 23 and facilitated a Kitt Peak Docents visit to the Tohono O‘odham Cultural Center on April 20.

Outreach by Undergraduate Students Six undergraduate students form part of the EPO group and assist or lead local outreach events. The student assistants were responsible for event preparation as well. They helped with festivals, fairs and family nights, dark-skies education sessions at the Cooper Center for Environmental Learning, classroom visits to do Project ASTRO activities, star parties, teacher workshops, outreach to the Tohono O‘odham Nation, and hands-on astronomy and optics activities held regularly at a local Boys & Girls Club. In order to assist with these activities, the students were trained extensively in a one-week training session in each outreach area. Students learned the seven activities for the Dark Skies Rangers program, all six of the Hands-On Optics (HOO) modules, as well as how to lead Project ASTRO and Family ASTRO activities. The students also were trained in how to lead star parties using EPO‘s computerized ―go-to‖ telescopes. Students took the initiative and developed new activities for use at the Boys & Girls Club. In these outreach activities, almost 7500 children and adults attended over 370 hours of festivals, fairs, family nights, and star parties. Hands-on astronomy activities were provided at three separate events for the Tohono O‘odham: a star party, a four-day morning camp, and a special session at a day-long camp. The student assistants helped with Galileoscope/Dark Skies sessions of at least six teacher workshops. Twenty-five Boys & Girls Club sessions of 1.5 hours on average were given this year with an average of 15 children, ages 7–12 years old, at each. The student assistants took direct responsibility for planning, preparing, and executing each of those sessions. The students were responsible for building education kits for the Dark Skies Program as well as the optics kits for the Ga- lileoscope Teaching with Telescopes program. The students built all of the kits for teachers and maintained a storeroom of kit supplies and inventory, as well as materials for various activities.

IYA2009 The US Project office for the International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) was hosted at NOAO through the IYA coordination grant from the NSF to the AAS, and continued into 2010. NOAO also provided the leadership for the US Telescope Kits Working Group, which produced the Galileoscope, and the Dark Skies Awareness US and international working groups. Some highlights of IYA2009 include the creation of 13 Dark Skies activities. NOAO represented the US at IYA closing ceremonies in January. The Galileoscope project received one of the Mani Bhaumik Prizes for Excellence in As- tronomy Education and Public Outreach (2nd Runner Up) and the US ―From Earth to the Universe Image Exhibition‖ project received the top award. Nearly 200,000 Galileoscopes have been manufac- tured and distributed worldwide under this program. At NOAO, the Galileoscope development program transitioned to a support program for teachers and other educators who use the Galileoscopes in classrooms and at museums. Under a donation program in conjunction with the AAS to give Galileoscopes to teachers, NOAO staff coordinated the nationwide distribution to science teachers of 15,000 donated Galileoscopes. EPO created a ―Teach- ing with Telescopes‖ Web site to help teachers and museum educators teach effectively with the Gali- leoscope. The telescopes were donated by Ric and Jean Edelman and are expected to affect more than 370,000 US students.

Research Based Science Education (RBSE) After twelve years as a core program, the NOAO RBSE program for high-school science teachers remained suspended due to lack of funds. The teacher and student research program focused on the acquisition of astronomical knowledge and the use of appropriate data reduction skills and computer skills to enable the teachers to lead true research projects.

52 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

Spitzer-RBSE Research Program for Students and Teachers This NASA-funded program, begun in collaboration with the NOAO RBSE program, continued this year with teachers writing research proposals as part of teacher-scientist teams for Director‘s Discre- tionary Time. Several of the research groups presented their results at both of the 2010 AAS meetings. Each teacher also had an obligation to provide professional development for other teachers in their district or state. The program transitioned in FY10 to a program centered at the Spitzer Science Center using archival data and to another program at UC Berkeley Space Sciences Lab associated with the NASA WISE mission. In the Jet Propulsion Laboratory program, teachers are learning to use archival Spitzer data. In summary, 32 teachers have received training and participated in research projects with over 1400 students participating. At AAS meetings, teachers have presented 31 posters with the majority of them on the science results from their observations. NOAO continues to provide scientific and program planning support for both spinoff programs.

Project ASTRO Project ASTRO continued to support teachers from across Arizona while maintaining a vigorous Tuc- son component. The 2010 ASTRO Workshop hosted teachers from Phoenix, Prescott, Sells, Sahuari- ta, Safford, Bowie, and Catalina, while continuing to support Tucson schools. Project ASTRO at NOAO has a national leadership role, and new ways to involve senior citizens in Project ASTRO school programs were expanded with astronomy clubs supporting entire grades at some Tucson schools. The latest Fall Workshop (17–18 September 2010), hosted at NOAO, had 22 new partnerships consisting of 50 teachers and astronomers. This year, Project ASTRO focused on Galileoscope- based programs with several efforts distributing these teaching instruments to students from all over the state. EPO‘s Phoenix Star Party allowed Arizona students to show how Galileoscopes can be used in urban settings through a star party in front of the state capitol. It demonstrated the use of the Gali- leoscope and related educational program to educators, government staff members, and contributing organizations such as Science Foundation Arizona. Other star parties are planned for Flagstaff and Yuma. Project ASTRO continues to emphasize reaching rural, under-funded, and minority communities. As a result, efforts for the last year established partnerships in remote and poorer communities such as Picture Rocks, Bowie, and Sells. This year‘s Project ASTRO teachers will reach hundreds of new students, easily exceeding 50,000 students impacted since the program began at NOAO in 1996.

Science Foundation Arizona: Expanding Hands-On Optics in Arizona NOAO finished year three and started year four of this Science Foundation Arizona-funded program to bring the NSF-developed Hands-On Optics program to 10 Boys & Girls Clubs across Arizona, including Bisbee, Safford, Prescott, Sierra Vista, and Yuma. In FY10, EPO staff visited the Jim and Vicki Click Boys & Girls Club in Tucson 26 times. Each visit averaged 1.5 hours with, on average, 15 children present. Two or three of the trained undergraduate assistants led the optics, physics, or astronomy activities and projects done with the 7- to 12-year-old boys and girls, with the activity time totaling 37.5 hours, not including preparation time. Lowell Observatory, added as a partner this year, has been using HOO materials in their programs on the Navajo and Hopi reservations. Another major event was the Phoenix Star Party held March 24 with students from Phoenix, Tucson, Sahuarita, and Sells. Galileoscopes were added to the programs at the Boys and Girls Clubs this year and the staff received additional training. A weeklong summer camp and culminating star party was held at the Sells Recreation Center in June.

Science Foundation Arizona: AstroBITS In June, Building Information Technology Skills through Astronomy (AstroBITS) received the final year of funding expected from Science Foundation Arizona. The teachers apply to take an on-line course that concentrates on increasing their computer and technology skills. The program was offered three times in 2010; each time more teachers applied than could be accepted. Teachers who complete the six modules are offered an opportunity to spend a night at Kitt Peak learning how astronomical research is carried out. In the past year 26 teachers completed the program, and many of them visited Kitt Peak. There is discussion about how the modules could become a credit class through the Uni-

53 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

versity of Arizona. The modules are available on the NOAO EPO Web site at: http://www.noao.edu/education/astrobits/course-outline.php.

Astronomy From the Ground Up NOAO continued its partnership with the ASP and the Association of Science and Technology Cen- ters (ASTC) in the Astronomy From the Ground Up (AFGU) program funded by NSF ISE. The project has directly trained over 300 small and medium science and nature center educators in doing better astronomy outreach using 3-week online and 2-day on-site workshops. Each participant in the AFGU workshops (both online and in person) receives an optics teaching kit, and NOAO has built hundreds of the Hands-On Optics Terrific Telescopes kits for the workshops with funding from the grant. NOAO also leads the training for these educators. The program also distributed Galileoscopes and Dark Skies teaching kits to AFGU members.

Collaboration to Advance Teaching Technology and Science The UA/NOAO Collaboration to Advance Teaching Technology and Science (CATTS) finished with its final cohort NSF GK-12 Graduate Student Fellows and furnished its final report to NSF this year. The total number of ―Fellows‖ (over 50 percent are female graduate students in science) was 64 for this track with 133 Fellows in the total CATTS program. These Fellows were all trained to work in science classes in Tucson-area public schools and provided 15 hours per week of educational service during their year-long fellowship. This program concluded as one of the largest and most successful programs nationwide and spawned three additional GK-12 projects at the University of Arizona.

Research Experiences for Undergraduates The NOAO NSF-funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) site programs at KPNO and CTIO offer undergraduate students the opportunity to engage in challenging research activities with scientists working at the forefront of astronomy and astrophysics. Each year twelve REU students (six at NOAO North and six at NOAO South) are hired as full-time research assistants to work with NOAO staff members on selected research projects for a period of ten to twelve weeks during the summer in the respective hemispheres. As part of their research activities, REU students gain firs- thand experience with state-of-the art telescopes and instrumentation and develop expertise in the data analysis tools specific to astronomical research. Careful matching of the expressed scientific interests of the individual applicant with the research needs and expertise of the individual REU mentor accounts for the success of previous NOAO REU site programs—as measured by the high percentage of former participants who have gone on to graduate school in astrophysics or have pursued a career in the science, education, and technology (SET) workforce, as well as the impressive number of research papers and articles published by former students. The 2010 CTIO REU program included a student seminar series, weekly informal reports where the students outlined the progress on their research projects (see below) as well as ongoing dif- ficulties to their REU peers, mentors and the REU Site Director, a field trip to Paranal, a field trip to the Very Large Telescope (cancelled mid trip by the February 2010 earthquake), and observing runs (done in four groups of two) at the CTIO-SMARTS 1.0-m telescope. As part of their research experience, all six of the KPNO REU 2009 students attended the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in Washington, DC, January 2010. Five of the six students were the presenting author on five different posters at the AAS meeting. Starting in June 2010, the six KPNO REU 2010 students worked on their various projects (see below) with their mentors; took a field trip to the NSO Sacramento Peak facilities where they visited the National Radio Astronomy Observatory‘s Very Large Array (VLA), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Tele- scope, and the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) Telescope; and observed at the KPNO 2.1-m telescope with the GoldCam (GCAM) CCD Spectrograph and the Simultaneous Quad IR Imager (SQIID). The KPNO REU and CTIO REU students will be attending and presenting posters at the 217th AAS meeting in Seattle, WA, on 9–13 January 2011. The table below lists the students and their research projects.

54 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

Student & Institution Mentor Project CTIO REU Katy Accetta Andrea Kunder ―RR Lyrae as Structural Tracers for the LMC‖ Youngstown St. University Mason Carney Ryan Campbell ―Phase-Resolved Cyclotron Polarimetry of HU Aqr‖ University of Maine Li-Wei Hung Roberto de Propris ―Alignment of Giant and Dwarf Galaxies in Abell 1689, The Ohio State University MS1358+62, and CL0024+16‖ Melodie Kao Craig Harrison ―Measuring the Mass of A370‖ Massachusetts Institute of Technology AJ Salois Malcolm Smith ―Sampling Studies of Quasars, Radio Loud/Quiet Ga- University of Arkansas laxies: The Cause of Radio Emission‖ Conor Sayres John Subasavage ―Searching for Unknown Southern WDs in 2MASS and University of Washington SDSS‖

KPNO REU Daniel Barringer Connie Walker ―Effects of Light Pollution on the Movement of Lepto- Union College nycteris yerbabuenae in the Tucson Area‖ Eleanor Byler Dara Norman ―Investigating the AGN Population in cluster environ- Wellesley College ments across different wavelength ranges‖ Keith Hawkins Simon Schuler ―The CNO Bi-cycle in the Open Cluster NGC 752‖ Ohio University Michelle Kislak Chuck Claver & ―The Extreme Red: Characterizing LSST's Y3 and Y4‖ University of California, Berkeley Victor Krabbendam Allison Merritt William Sherry ―A Photometric Survey of Ori OB1b‖ University of California, Berkeley Sean Morrison Kenneth Mighell ―Eclipsing Binaries in the Kepler Field‖ Appalachian State University

NOAO is enhancing diversity in astronomy and astrophysics as a participant in the first major NSF-funded Partnerships in Astronomy & Astrophysics Research and Education (PAARE) program with South Carolina State University (SCSU), one of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU). The five-year Partnership in Observational and Computational Astronomy (POCA) program is funded by the NSF through the grant AST-0750814. NOAO‘s 2010 summer POCA undergraduate students, Jared Lalmansingh and Eva Nesmith from SCSU, spent the summer at NOAO North and worked with the KPNO and NSO REU students from June through mid-August.

GSMT EPO Development Projects NOAO works on two education projects for the GSMT. The first project involves the development of online activities designed to guide students through the decisions related to site selection for a GSMT. The second project created a module congruent with the NOAO HOO program selection. Problem- based learning activities are standards-based and emphasize science process/problem-solving skills (see www.noao.edu/education/gsmt/). The key concepts in adaptive optics are outlined in a teacher‘s guide that contains four adaptive optics demonstrations coupled with a kit of materials needed to conduct all of the activities and demonstrations in a classroom setting. The adaptive optics kit underwent extensive classroom testing and evaluation in FY10 and appropriate edits were made to the materials. EPO is ready to distribute the kits to partners for use in outreach programs and now have all of the materials for final kit production.

55 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

EPO South The Education and Public Outreach South (EPO-S) team was busy during FY10. Early in the fiscal year, they parti- CTIO Visitor Center & EPO-S Summary of Participants cipated in the ―National Science Week‖ organized by (October 2009 through September 2010) CONICYT-Explora in La Serena; the ―Teleton‘s Friends Boulevard‖ organized by the National Handicapped Group/Program # of Participants Children Institution ―Teleton‖ in Coquimbo; and three ―Astronomy Boulevards‖ organized in collaboration with CADIAS Center 2,399 the municipalities of La Serena, Vicuña, and Salamanca. CADIAS Outreach 11,177 In addition, the team organized the ―First Seminar of As- tronomy for Journalists,‖ highlighting NOAO and Gemini Tololo Guided Tours 1,458 facilities for local journalists, and both the ―6th National School Astronomy Congress‖ and the ―12th International School Groups K-12 1,826 Amateur Astronomy Congress.‖ Special Tours 630 In the second quarter, EPO-S participated in ―As- troDay,‖ which was organized by Gemini and received Total Public 17,490 more than 2,000 visitors to downtown La Serena. EPO-S organized and participated in several star parties, including one for NOAO South staff that incorporated intern student collaborations and training on assembling and observing with Galileoscopes. Another important program activity during this period was the Dark Sky Education campaign Globe at Night 2010, which, in La Serena, included a series of training sessions for teachers of the IV Región de Coquimbo and involved a total of 67 schools and 83 teachers. During April and May, EPO-S organized and participated in many community events with two of particular significance: the group traveled in April as part of a huge community delegation that provided educational and general support to Talca, a city in the south of Chile that was severely damaged by the February earthquake. In May, the group participated in a dark sky protection activity with the Los Pelambres mining company: a new collaboration effort that will continue throughout the year.

CADIAS Centro de Apoyo a la Didáctica de la Astronomía (CADIAS), an astronomy outreach center in Alto- valsol, Chile, remained incredibly productive in FY10. The astronomy teaching center, supported by NOAO and Gemini, conducted teacher professional development, educational star parties, and has a mobile planetarium. CTIO outreach staff made many successful educational visits to schools with a special emphasis on observational astronomy and dark skies. The Hugo Schwarz robotic telescope donated to CADIAS by Las Cumbres Observatory made significant progress using Universidad de La Serena students working under the supervision of CTIO engineering staff. More complete program descriptions can be found at: www.ctio.noao.edu/AURA/CADIAS.

GLOBE at Night The GLOBE at Night 2010 campaign (which took place 3–16 March 2010) set a record high of over 17,800 measurements from people in 86 countries. This number comprises more than a third of the total number of GLOBE at Night measurements taken in the last five years and represents the most successful light pollution monitoring campaign to date. In the United States during the GLOBE at Night 2010 campaign, 49 out of 50 states plus the District of Columbia contributed more than 10,900 measurements, comprising ~60% of all measurements. The top three states were Arizona (over 1800), Michigan (over 1200) and West Virginia (over 1000). About 25% of all measurements came from Eu- rope. Puerto Rico had over 1000 measurements; Poland over 800; Romania and Chile each over 600; the Czech Republic over 400; Argentina over 300; Hungary close to 300; Canada, the United King- dom, and South Korea just over 200; and China just under 200. Nearly 1400 submissions included Sky Quality Meter (SQM) measurements. Ninety percent of the SQM measurements were contributed by 6 out of 27 countries: the United States (1263), Romania (289), Chile (199), Mexico (51), Argen- tina (35), and the United Kingdom (28). The full data set is posted for download in six different for-

56 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

mats at: www.globeatnight.org/analyze.html. A user-friendly map viewer is available to compare GLOBE at Night data across the years. The program includes new activities with which to prepare the public (and especially students) to participate in any star hunt campaign. In particular, the activities introduce children and adults to how light pollution affects energy conservation and astronomy, how to light responsibly, and how to measure the darkness of your sky. The new program is called ―Dark Skies Rangers‖ and is being adopted internationally by the Galileo Teacher Training Program. For the activities, visit www.darkskiesawareness.org/DarkSkiesRangers/.

5.4 NOAO DIRECTOR’S OFFICE Besides day-to-day program and financial tracking, key management actions of the NOAO Director‘s Office (NDO) during FY10 included execution of annual personal performance appraisals and salary adjustments, completion of the bi-annual collective bargaining process with the locally hired workforce in Chile, monthly meetings with the chief compliance officer, bi-weekly meetings with NOAO Human Resources (HR) manager, bi-weekly meetings with NOAO controller and deputy controller and weekly telecon meetings with the NOAO program officer at NSF MPS AST and the AURA president. Major reports completed in FY10 include the Annual Program Plan for FY 2010 (delivered), Annual Program Plan for FY 2011 (begun during FY10, to be delivered in early FY11), and the five- year Long Range Plan FY 2010–2014. Those reports were reviewed and approved by the AURA Ob- servatory Council. The NSF Program Review Panel also reviewed these reports. The NDO coordinated the production and delivery of a variety of secondary reports related to supplementary awards made to our Cooperative Agreement. The most notable of these secondary reports were Annual Progress and Annual Fiscal Year Reports. The director and/ deputy director participated in the following meetings during FY10: AURA Board of Directors (3), AURA Observatory Council (2), AAS Town Hall (1), AAS (2), NSF Program Review Panel (2), LSST Board of Directors (2 face-to-face meetings plus monthly telecons), WIYN Board of Directors (2 face-to-face meetings plus irregularly scheduled telecons), and the AURA Workforce and Diversity Committee (1). Roughly half of these meetings were in Tucson. The director made presentations at all of these meetings, while the deputy director made presentations at most meetings as well. The NDO organized annual meetings of the NOAO Users‘ Committee and EPO External Advi- sory Committee. The director and deputy director made presentations at both of these meetings. The director made two visits to the NSF MPS Astronomy directorate in Washington DC, for program status presentations and planning discussions. The director and deputy director spent significant time on issues related to NOAO/Gemini coordination, ARRA implementation, and responding to recommendations of the Astro2010 decadal survey report ―New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics‖. To maintain good internal global communication and coordination, the director contributed to his internal blog, ―Connection Point,‖ a three- to four-times-monthly blog, made the annual State of NOAO address, and visited La Serena four times. The NDO and HR departments also organized (and attended) two separate one-day leadership and management development workshops for the NOAO senior management team. Other major activities by the director included participation in a Nature round table discussion about the Decadal Survey (January 2010), a public talk about modern cosmology to the San Marino City Club (February 2010), participation in celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the national observatory (March 2010), co-chairperson of the SPIE conference ―Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems III‖ (June 2010), and chair of a major NSF review panel (July 2010). The deputy director provided oversight for physical plant operations and maintenance in Tuc- son. A local architectural and engineering firm (M3) was hired to develop conceptual plans for adding up to three additional stories to the east wing of the main building to provide enough space to host fu-

57 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

ture expansion required by the LSST and ATST teams. Concepts and estimated costs were forwarded to NSF. The deputy director continued as the chair of the SOAR telescope Science Advisory Commit- tee. The committee produced several detailed reports for the observatory including a science review for the SOAR External Review held in March in La Serena. The deputy director also served on the NOAO TAC (November) and the HST Cycle 18 panel review (April).

Office of Compliance During FY10, the Office of Compliance (OC) was created within NDO to assure that NOAO meets all current regulatory compliance. The OC is led by the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO). The OC is responsible for oversight on all compliance matters related to the federal, state, and local level governments as well as the Tohono O‘odham Nation, where applicable, and NSF directives included in or related to the cooperative agreement between AURA and NSF for the management of NOAO. In conjunction with AURA Corporate, the OC develops policies, procedures, and provides training for NOAO and other AURA Center staff. Much of the OC activity in FY10 revolved around procurement and included development of new AURA-wide procurement policies and procedures, procurement training in La Serena for approximately 80 NOAO and Gemini South staff members, and development of a new, centralized Web site to post procurement policies and procedures. Other policies drafted in conjunction with AURA Corporate and approved by the AURA Board included a revised Conflict of Interest Policy (COI), a revised Travel Reimbursement Policy and a new AURA Policy Governing Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR). Development of RCR training was initiated for all NOAO scientists. In addition, the CCO is the Conflict of Interest Officer for NOAO, NSO, and other affiliate institutions for which NOAO operates or provides business support. During FY10, there were seven possible cases of conflicts of interest of which three were significant enough for management review by the Conflict Resolution Committee (CRC). After review, all were satisfactorily managed or miti- gated. As recommended by the CRC, the current Conflict of Interest procedures and the COI Disclo- sure Form was revised, and they are in the process of being updated for easier Web access.

5.5 ARRA INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWAL Activity related to infrastructure improvements for FY10 (1 October 2009 through 30 September 2010) included the following.

Tucson Infrastructure

 Upgrade Tucson Shop CNC capability Completed. A new ―Hurco‖ CNC machine was identified, purchased, and installed during FY10. The new machine is being used in support of several ongoing instrumentation projects.

 Renovate computer room electrical, cooling, and fire detection/suppression systems During the year, staff completed detailed planning and design work for the initial phase of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system changes. The project was put out for competitive bidding and the successful contractor has the new equipment on order and is scheduled to start the work in early FY11. Some required, hazardous-material testing was completed, and staff began research on the phase two efforts regarding fire suppression options and potential backup generator systems.

 Replace and renovate electrical supply/distribution equipment A contract was put in place with an engineering consultant (Monrad Engineering) to clarify the electrical design and prepare the construction documents. The bid documents for phase

58 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

one of the electrical renovations were reviewed and provided to the NOAO Contracts Office with contractor bids expected in the first quarter of FY11.

 Replace 15-year-old building energy management and control system Staff completed the preliminary research and planning for the project and completed a draft set of project specifications. In FY11, the preliminary documents will be revised to incorporate the interface with the computer room HVAC and electrical renovation projects and then be put out to bid.

KPNO Mountain Infrastructure

 Handicapped access lift for Visitor Center telescope The contractor completed the installation, and the lift was certified for use by a reviewing authority. The lift is being used on a routine basis to support the public telescope programs.

 KPNO water system renovation A local engineering firm (Environmental Engineering Consultants) was hired to evaluate the existing water system and relevant EPA regulations to finalize the processing and treatment system requirements. The firm completed the necessary design changes and prepared renovation documents for the various components of the water processing and storage system. Final review of the bid documents was ongoing by staff at the end of FY10. At the beginning of FY11, submittals will be forwarded to the EPA for review, and the project will be put out for bid.

 Kitt Peak instrument handling facility NOAO North staff completed the primary usage planning and identified a site for the facility. A site survey was completed to identify constraints and assist in preparation of final documentation. Support staff identified key equipment support requirements and in early FY11 final clarification and design documentation will be completed to initiate the competitive bidding process.

CTIO Mountain Infrastructure

 Pachón water system renovation Three water pumps ordered from the US arrived in Chile. Supplier sources are being identified for the PVC-lined steel pipe ASTM A44 schedule 40 required to replace the sections of the water line showing the greatest decay due to their extensive use. An investigation is being conducted for contracting sources for the improvement of the four 5000-gallon water tanks on the mountain.

 Dormitories repair & renovations Bids for new heating and sanitary water systems, including solar energy, were carried out and the contract will be awarded in the first quarter of FY11. This project involves a significant effort that will be performed with subcontracted labor.

 Pachón kitchen & dining facility Architectural and engineering drawings and technical specifications were completed. The construction bid was completed, and the review and award will follow in early FY11.

 Coudé room upgrades/handling for new instruments The components for instrument handling and compressors/He lines were installed and are in use. The NEWFIRM instrument took advantage of this new infrastructure prior to its installation on the Blanco 4-m telescope in FY10.

59 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

 Blanco 4-m computing room & console upgrade for DECam A contractor was chosen, the contract was awarded, and the work (which will continue in FY11) was begun.

 Blanco 4-m mirror coating chamber There are still spares to be ordered.

 Blanco 4-m entrance protection A contractor was chosen, and the contract was awarded accordingly. Work was started on the exit doors of the 4-m telescope building.

 Blanco 4-m cooling system upgrade The chiller unit designated to replace one of the existing units was identified.

 Cerro Tololo UPS upgrade There are still spares that need to be ordered.

 Mountain electronic laboratory equipment renewal As of the end of FY10, all purchases were made, and the equipment was delivered.

 Cerro Pachón dorm emergency generator The Generator was purchased, it arrived on Cerro Pachón, and it was installed in FY10. Final hook-up will be completed in early FY11.

 Mountain meeting rooms renovation No work was done this period.

 Mountain road guardrail installation A proposal to move funding from the guardrail installation project to a project to repair the CTIO Frequency Converter (a critical system that failed during FY10) and purchase a new stand-by generator was approved by the NSF. The Tololo Frequency Converter was repaired and installed on site. The stand-by generator was purchased.

La Serena Infrastructure

 Machine shop modification & refurbishment Engineering design was completed, and the bid process was completed.

 La Serena laboratory equipment renewal All purchases were made and the equipment was in use as of the end of FY10.

 CNC milling machine The machine was purchased and will be installed in FY11.

 La Serena compound water system renovation No work was done during this period.

 La Serena meeting rooms renovation New audio visual equipment was installed and put in use in the main conference room.

 Repair and renewal of security fencing for La Serena compound The contract for relocation of the main gate was completed in FY10. The new fence section will be installed in FY11.

 Vehicle fleet renewal Vehicles were purchased, they arrived at CTIO, and they were put into service during FY10.

APPENDICES

A FY10 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

A.1 FY10 EXPENDITURES Table A-1 shows the actual gross expense fig- Table A-1: FY 2010 NOAO Expenditures and Carry-Forward ures at the end of FY10 for each program as Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) well as the carry-forward funds. The key for Director's Office $170,134 Telescope Operations $3,788,124 Table A-1 provides descriptions for the work Telescope Improvements and Instrument Development $1,569,700 packages shown in the table. Science Resarch $574,576 User Support $214,085 A comparison of the actual gross ex- Mountain Facilities $1,589,106 penses with the budgeted expenses for each CTIO Subtotal $7,905,724 program may be made against Table 19 in the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) Director's Office $502,853 NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2010. Telescope Operations $4,883,686 The pie chart in Figure A-1 shows the Telescope Improvements and Instrument Development $1,781,954 Science Resarch $66,192 breakdown of the NOAO base fund expendi- User Support $74,863 tures by program in terms of percentages. Mountain Facilities $1,875,695 KPNO Public Outreach & Education $47,425 Visitor Center $807,650 50th Anniversary $43,573 Modernization $119,097 KPNO Subtotal $10,202,989 Figure A-1: NOAO Base Expenditures NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) EPO System User Support $1,214,207 NDO AURA Fees 3% ReSTAR Palomar Nights $266,488 3% 2% OS CTIO Science Data Management $1,822,108 2% 19% System Community Development $672,957 NS NSSC Subtotal $3,975,760 9% NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) System Instrumentation $3,052,320 ReSTAR Instrumentation $1,396,102 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) $2,136,677 LSST Supplement $1,710,352 A&F Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope/ELT Techology $320,585 10% NSTC Subtotal $8,295,451 Administration & Facilities (A&F) Central Administrative Services $1,899,047 Central Facilities Operations $1,630,945 KPNO Computer Infrastructure Services $715,799 24% A&F Subtotal $4,245,791 NOAO South (NS) NOAO South Administration $1,745,502 NOAO South Facilities Operations $1,153,744 NSTC NOAO South Director's Office $299,999 19% NSSC NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services $738,153 9% NOAO South Outreach $8,407 NS Subtotal $3,945,806 Office of Science (OS) $936,168 Education and Public Outreach (EPO) $1,119,829 NOAO Director's Office (NDO) $1,378,608 AURA F&A & Management Fee $720,131 Total Base Expenditures $42,726,256 Other NSF Funding ARRA Stimulus Funding North $441,305 ARRA Stimulus Funding South $930,321 Subtotal Other NSF Expenditures $1,371,626

Total NOAO Expenditures $44,097,882

FY10 Base Funding ($27,486,180) FY09 Carry-Forward Applied to NOAO Base Programs ($2,038,513) FY10 Program Outside Revenue ($12,488,912) Supplemental Expenditure Support ($4,404,762) FY10 Carry-Forward without Supplemental Funds ($2,320,485) FY10 Supplemental Carry-forward ($10,609,869)

FY10 Total Carry-Forward ($12,930,354)

61 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Key to Table A-1 Work Breakdown Structure of FY10 Expenses

Cerro Tololo Inter- This work package includes the operational and mountain facilities support costs for American Observatory CTIO. It does not include NOAO-wide administrative costs. (CTIO)

CTIO Director‘s Office This work package includes the director, deputy director, assistant/business manager, and administrative assistant and focuses on the daily operations of CTIO, support to the CTIO community, and site protection.

CTIO Telescope Opera- This work package includes all of the NOAO costs associated with the operations tions and maintenance of the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope and partner (SOAR, SMARTS) telescopes and instruments. The costs and effort for all operations and support staff, including both technical and scientific support, are included.

CTIO Telescope Im- This work package includes all costs associated with the improvement of the CTIO provements and Instru- Blanco 4-m and partner (SOAR, SMARTS) telescopes and the development of new ment Development instruments for these telescopes.

CTIO Science Research This work package includes the scientific staff time associated with their allocation for scientific and/or technical research, professional development activities, and external service (e.g., membership on committees whose activities benefit the astronomical community).

CTIO User Support This work package covers interface, scheduling, logistics, and assistance for visiting observers at all telescopes in Chile to which astronomers have access via NOAO.

CTIO Mountain Facilities Included in this work package are the costs of CTIO‘s share of metered facilities support, including utilities such as electricity, telephone, and water services, as well as liquid nitrogen for the instrumentation.

Kitt Peak National Observa- This work package contains the operational and mountain support costs for KPNO tory (KPNO) including personnel, travel, miscellaneous equipment, tenant support, Site Director‘s office, user support, NSO support, instrumentation and modernization upgrades, and other mountain facilities costs. Includes costs of telescope operation and maintenance and partnerships. It does not include NOAO-wide administrative costs.

KPNO Director‘s Office This work package includes the cost of the KPNO director, the assistant to the director, assistance from a program/budget manager, and part of the time of an administrative assistant and their support of KPNO operations and the KPNO community. It also includes site protection costs and grants.

KPNO Telescope Opera- This work package includes all of the NOAO costs directly associated with the oper- tions ations and maintenance of the KPNO (Mayall 4-m and 2.1-m) and partner (WIYN, NSO, NRAO) telescopes and instruments.

KPNO Telescope Im- This work package includes all of the NOAO costs directly associated with the improvements and Instru- provement of the KPNO (Mayall 4-m and 2.1-m) and partner (WIYN, NSO, NRAO) ment Development telescopes and the development of new instruments for these telescopes. It also includes the modernization supplement from an NSF supplemental award in FY08.

KPNO Science Research This work package includes the scientific staff time associated with their allocation for scientific and/or technical research, professional development activities, and external service (e.g., membership on committees whose activities benefit the astronomical community).

KPNO User Support This work packages refers to support of observers when they are not directly engaged in observing. Observing run preparation, advice on observatory performance for use in proposals, occasional service observing, and the KPNO Observing Sup- port Office activities are included here.

62 FY10 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

Key to Table A-1 Work Breakdown Structure of FY10 Expenses

KPNO Mountain Facili- This work package includes support of the mountain physical plant, external to the ties telescope domes. This package also includes all tenant support.

KPNO Public Outreach & This work package includes the Kitt Peak Visitor Center (KPVC) and the other Education KPNO public outreach/press/education activities, including the 50th anniversary activities.

KPNO Visitor Center Expenses to run the Kitt Peak Visitor Center museum and gift shop on the mountain, an online store, tours for the public, the Nightly Observing Program, and the Ad- vanced Observing Program are included in this work package.

50th Anniversary This work package tracks the costs associated with events held to mark the 50th anniversary of the National Observatories (NOAO and NSO), which include science meetings, a reunion event for past and current employees, events for the public, and a week-long program of resident artists investigating the synergy between art and science research

KPNO Modernization This work package tracks the effort expended in support of the modernization of the basic infrastructure on the mountain and the KPNO telescopes in particular, such as completing renovation of the dome of the Mayall 4-m telescope, a new floor chiller, new dome shutter brakes, new dome trucks, repairs to the dome rails, and telescope control room improvements. Funding for these efforts was partially supplied by an NSF supplemental award in FY08.

NOAO System Science Cen- This NOAO division is a combination of the Science Data Management, Science ter (NSSC) User Support, and System Community Development programs. It includes personnel, travel, support, and equipment for NSSC to provide US community access and user support to the two Gemini telescopes. Support is provided for in NOAO North and South. Science research time for scientific staff that have NSSC functional responsibilities and NSSC postdoc support is also included.

System User Support This work package includes management of US community access to Gemini and other system telescopes, including periodic meetings of NOAO user constituencies, other informational workshops and committees, and the annual meeting of the survey teams. It also user support for observing proposal preparation and submission for all System facilities, as well as post-observing data processing.

ReSTAR Palomar Nights This work package contains funds to be paid to Caltech for Palomar Hale 5-m (200- inch) telescope access, as well as small amounts of NOAO staff time for community user support.

Science Data Manage- This work package contains the planning and management of SDM North and ment South, development and operation of the End-to-End Data Management System, user support, and data management for other initiatives. It includes community involvement and data in the VOA.

System Community De- This work package focuses on connecting the US community-at-large with the new velopment science capabilities under development such as LSST, GMT, TMT, LCOGTN and various emerging facilities for optical interferometry.

NOAO System Technology This NOAO division is responsible for coordinating technological enhancements to Center (NSTC) the US O/IR ground-based observing system. It incorporates System Instrumenta- tion, Telescope System Instrumentation Program, Giant Segmented Mirror Tele- scope/ELT Technology, the NOAO LSST Project Office, the newly created Astro- nomical Technology Postdoc Program, and the NOAO portion of the ReSTAR supplement program.

63 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Key to Table A-1 Work Breakdown Structure of FY10 Expenses

System Instrumentation This work package contains the operations and management of the instrumentation program supporting NOAO, the System, and the community. It also includes MONSOON and other instrumentation support.

ReSTAR Instrumentation This work package includes projects funded through the NSF ReSTAR proposal including anew instrument for the KPNO Mayall 4-m telescope, detector upgrades to one existing instrument each at KPNO and CTIO, and access to the Palomar telescope.

Large Synoptic Survey This work package includes support for the LSST Project in two important areas: Telescope (LSST) (1) responsibility for the design, development, and construction of the facilities in Chile, including the telescope, enclosure, and support facilities both on the summit and in La Serena; and (2) community engagement intended to support science collaborations in developing the science missions and input into the LSST.

LSST Supplement This work package includes the portion of funds provided to NOAO from a separate NSF grant awarded to the LSST Corporation for the full Design and Development of the LSST System.

Giant Segmented Mirror This work package focuses on the management of the GSMT program supporting Telescope/ELT Technol- the US community‘s interest in and access to future ELTs. It includes GSMT SWG ogy and other community interactions, oversight of the NSF award-funded effort with the TMT and GMT projects, reporting to NSF, and site-testing work in Chile.

Administration and Facili- This NOAO division contains administration, facilities, and IT support services ties (A&F) based in Tucson.

Central Administrative This work package includes the Tucson-based human resources, account- Services ing/financial management, procurement, payroll, shipping/receiving, and export control and includes support to NSO, AURA Corporate, WIYN, SOAR, other AURA centers, and LSSTC.

Central Facilities Opera- This work package includes the NOAO North facilities operation costs of non- tions mountaintop building maintenance, roads and grounds, utilities, vehicles, and the computer network in Tucson.

Computer Infrastructure Included in this work package is computer system support for NOAO North, NSO, Services SOAR, and WIYN including network maintenance and software support. It also includes system security and access.

NOAO South (NS) This NOAO division focuses on the administration, facilities, and IT support services for NOAO activities based in La Serena, Chile.

NOAO South Administra- This work package includes the costs of administrative support to all programs on tion the AURA site in Chile, which include personnel and payroll, procurement, budget and accounting, reception, and general management of the site.

NOAO South Facilities This work package includes the shared costs of operations of all of the AURA La Operations Serena facilities, including warehouse, shipping/receiving, inventory control, security, water and sewer facilities, garage and transport, and the La Serena motel, as well as general maintenance and janitorial services.

NOAO South Director‘s All activities related to the management of general NOAO activities in La Serena are Office contained in this work package.

NOAO South Computer This work package includes computer system support for NOAO South including Infrastructure Services network maintenance and software support. It includes system security and access.

64 FY10 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

Key to Table A-1 Work Breakdown Structure of FY10 Expenses

NOAO South Outreach This work package includes the costs of the wide range of student programs at NOAO South such as the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and the Práctica de Investigación in Astronomía programs.

Office of Science (OS) This work-package contains support to science staff, including administrative support, colloquia, travel, page charges, and conferences/workshops. It also includes salary support for fellowships and those science staff on sabbatical or directly supporting the OS activity.

Education and Public Out- This work package contains the NOAO North and South education and public outreach (EPO) reach programs, REU programs, public affairs, and graphic arts.

NOAO Director’s Office This work package focuses on the activities of the NOAO director, deputy director, (NDO) administrative support staff, risk management, library, and safety coordination. It also includes these functions as provided by the CTIO director for NOAO South.

AURA F&A Management This work package includes the AURA support to NOAO and the AURA F&A for Fee new funds and carry-forward from non-expended FY09 funds. The AURA management fee is calculated based on a G&A indirect rate of 1.62 percent including a negotiated fee of $150K.

Other NSF Funding NOAO was awarded $5.6M by NSF in FY09 (August 2009) for a proposal to renew critical infrastructure at its four main sites: La Serena Base Facility, Tucson Head- quarters, Cerro Tololo (including Cerro Pachón), and Kitt Peak. This one-time infusion of funds is aimed at renovating key systems and infrastructure.

ARRA Stimulus Funding This work package includes the renewal of critical infrastructure at the Tucson North Headquarters and Kitt Peak using one-time funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).

ARRA Stimulus Funding This work package includes the renewal of critical infrastructure at the La Serena South Base Facility and Cerro Tololo (including Cerro Pachón) using one-time funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).

Total NOAO Expenditures This total includes the total expenditures of NOAO programs from NSF Base Funds.

FY10 Base Funding Actual FY10 NSF funding provided to NOAO for base programming.

FY09 Carry-Forward Ap- FY09 carry-forward that was applied to the FY10 program. plied to NOAO Base Pro- grams

FY10 Program Outside FY10 NSF base program revenue applied to the FY10 program (from Table A-2). Revenue

Supplemental Expenditure This includes the FY08 NOAO supplemental support for FY10 expenditures from Support the LSST Design and Development project, KPNO and CTIO modernization projects, and guardrails for NOAO South (from Table A-2).

FY10 Supplemental Car- Unexpended available carry-forward from restricted supplements including ARRA, ry-Forward ReSTAR, and LSST Design and Development (from Table A-3).

FY10 Total Carry-Forward Total amount of unexpended carry-forward from all NOAO programs.

65 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

A.2 FY10 REVENUE

Table A-2: FY 2010 NOAO Outside Program Revenue Table A-2 summarizes the other revenue—non-

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) NSF base funding—received for each program. Facilities Use Revenue for Mountain Operations $1,695,657 The key to Table A-2 lists the revenue sources. Support for SMARTS $111,419 Support for SOAR $79,322 Table A-3 shows a breakdown of carry- Support for Gemini $22,881 forward from FY10 base funding and external Support for Las Campanas $12,830 revenue and the total carry-forward available Support for Grants and AURA-O $230,666 Observer Support Revenue $124,078 for distribution in the NOAO FY11 program. Support for Grants and Tenants $310,108 CTIO Subtotal $2,586,961 Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) Support for ODI and WIYN $211,174 Support for NSO $12,295 Support for Grants and Tenants $191,234 WIYN Operational Support $1,454,272 Supplemental ODI Member Contributions $975,000 Table A-3: Carry-Forward after FY 2010 Expenditures Mirror Coatings $15,194 FY10 Base Funds Carry-Forward $2,320,485 Facilities Use Revenue $282,999 FY09 ARRA $4,223,300 Joint Use Fee $234,137 FY09 ReSTAR $1,656,498 Meal Revenue $159,631 FY10 ReSTAR $3,900,000 Dormitory Revenue $205,701 FY10 LSST Supplement $830,071 DS3 Link $41,231 Subtotal Supplemental Carry-Forward $10,609,869 Kitt Peak Visitor Center Sales Revenue $737,466 FY10 REU $139,964 50th Anniversary Science Conference Revenue $31,541 FY10 TSIP $4,043,082 Miscellaneous Revenue $76,933 FY09 AODP $4,744 KPNO Subtotal $4,628,808 FY10 LSSTC $1,461,053 FY10 GSMT $22,479 NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) FY09 Projects $34,102 System User Support Grant Support $8,749 FY09/FY10 Interagency Transfers $516,347 Science Data Management Grant Support $27,285 Subtotal Other Carry-Forward $6,221,771 System Community Development Grant Support $26,740 NSSC Subtotal $62,774 Total Carry-Forward $19,152,125 NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) System Instrumentation NSO Support $86,241 System Instrumentation WIYN ODI Support $205,726 System Instrumentation Project Support $40,017 System Instrumentation High Bay Rent $36,000 System Instrumentation MRI Projects $45,473 GSMTPO NSO Support $38,277 GSMTPO GMT Support $52,262 GSMTPO TMT Support $46,748 NSTC Subtotal $550,744 Administration & Facilities (A&F) CAS Support for NSO, WIYN, LSSTC ,SOAR, and Grants $1,012,594 CAS AURA Corporate Support $39,000 CAS Gemini Support $36,000 CFO Support for NSO, WIYN, and Grants $832,784 CIS Support for NSO $227,594 A&F Subtotal $2,147,972 NOAO South (NS) Administrative Support for Gemini and SOAR $837,190 Facilities Support for Gemini and SOAR $972,486 Director's Office Miscellaneous Revenue $11,555 CIS Support for Las Campanas, Yale, Gemini, and SOAR $102,200 NS Subtotal $1,923,432 Office of Science (OS) Grant Support $45,651 Workshop Revenue $26,517 OS Subtotal $72,168 Education & Public Outreach (EPO) SFAz HOO and BITS Support $158,020 Support for Project ASTRO and Int'l. Year of Astronomy $35,537 Imaging Lab Revenue $6,434 Support for NSO $126,723 Miscellaneous Revenue $20,723 EPO Subtotal $347,437 NOAO Director's Office (NDO) Grant Indirect Revenue $83,863 AURA Director's Discretionary Fund (DDF) $23,386 Library Support for NSO $61,367 NDO Subtotal $168,616 Total Outside Program Revenue $12,488,912

66 FY10 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

Key to Table A-2 (Revenue Sources)

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Ob- NOAO Division servatory (CTIO)

Facilities Use Revenue for Moun- Revenue from use of the facilities. tain Operations

Support for SMARTS Revenue from the SMARTS Consortium for operational labor and miscellaneous support. Support for SOAR General indirect cost recovery from SOAR operational support, and revenue for labor provided by CTIO for SOAR project support. Support for Gemini Miscellaneous support work done by the engineering and technology staff for Gemini. Support for Las Campanas Miscellaneous support work done by the engineering and technology staff for Las Campanas Observatory. Support for Grants and AURA-O Labor supported by AURA Observatory (AURA-O) and outside grant funding. Observer Support Revenue Revenue from observers for meals, lodging, and travel support.

Support for Grants and Tenants Revenue for support of mountain operations from Gemini, SOAR, SMARTS, PROMPT, WHAM, and other tenants on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón. Kitt Peak National Observatory NOAO Division (KPNO)

Support for ODI and WIYN Labor supported by WIYN for work on ODI.

Support for NSO Revenue from labor support to NSO.

Support Grants and Tenants Labor supported by outside grant funding, and FY10 prepayments from tenants.

WIYN Operational Support Support funds from the WIYN partners towards support of operations.

Supplemental ODI Member Con- Contributions provided by WIYN members for work on ODI. tributions

Mirror Coatings Miscellaneous, FY10 prepayment.

Facilities Use Revenue Miscellaneous revenue from use of the facilities.

Joint Use Fee Annual fee charged to all tenants on KP for joint support services provided.

Meal Revenue Revenue from nighttime programs and meals sold.

Dormitory Revenue Revenue from dormitory rental on Kitt Peak.

DS3 Link Revenue from tenants for maintenance and support.

Kitt Peak Visitor Center Sales Revenue from Visitor Center, sales, night observing programs, etc., and the Revenue Friends of Kitt Peak program.

50th Anniversary Science Confe- Revenue from registrations, miscellaneous grants, and other donations. rence Revenue

Miscellaneous Revenue Additional revenue for general support.

67 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

NOAO System Science Center NOAO Division (NSSC)

System User Support Grant Sup- Labor supported by outside grant funding. port

Science Data Management Grant NSF grant support for NOAO work on the Virtual Astronomical Observatory Support (VAO) and research funding for SDM staff from outside sources.

System Community Development Labor supported by outside grant funding. Grant Support

NOAO System Technology Center NOAO Division (NSTC)

System Instrumentation NSO Revenue from labor support to NSO/GONG/ATST. Support

System Instrumentation WIYN Labor supported by WIYN for work on ODI. ODI Support

System Instrumentation Project Miscellaneous support work done by the engineering and technology staff for Support Gemini, Steward Observatory, Lunar Planetary Lab, and other local astronomical institutions.

System Instrumentation High Bay Rent revenue for the use of the NOAO high bay by Steward Observatory, Rent Lunar Planetary Lab, and other local astronomical institutions.

System Instrumentation MRI Funding from MRI for instrumentation projects, 1.5-m echelle spectrograph. Projects

GSMTPO NSO Support Revenue from labor support to NSO.

GSMTPO GMT Support Costs for GMT KASI contract revenue.

GSMTPO TMT Support Revenue received in return for supporting AURA employees employed by TMT, leasing of office space to TMT, and some site support work-packages.

Administration and Facilities NOAO Division (A&F)

CAS Support for NSO, WIYN, Indirect revenue from grants and support and business administrative servic- LSSTC, SOAR, and Grants es and facilities support for NSO, WIYN, LSSTC, and SOAR.

CAS AURA Corporate Support Support funds for business administrative support for AURA Corporate including payroll, audits, and reporting.

CAS Gemini Support Revenue from support for Gemini administrative, facilities, and computer support.

CFO Support for NSO, WIYN, Indirect revenue from grants and facilities support for NSO and WIYN. and Grants

CIS Support for NSO Indirect revenue from NSO for computer infrastructure support.

NOAO South (NS) NOAO Division

Administrative Support for Ge- Revenue from providing administrative services to Gemini and SOAR. mini and SOAR

68 FY10 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

Facilities Support for Gemini and Revenue from providing facilities support services to Gemini and SOAR. SOAR

Director‘s Office Miscellaneous Additional revenue for general support. Revenue

CIS Support for Las Campanas, NOAO support revenue from the users for computer infrastructure services. Yale, Gemini, and SOAR

Office of Science (OS) NOAO Division

Grant Support Grant and outside support for data aides and postdocs including Hubble fellowships, etc.

Workshop Revenue Revenue from NOAO-sponsored science workshops.

Educational and Public Outreach NOAO Division (EPO)

SFAz HOO and BITS Support Grant funding from the state‘s Science Foundation Arizona (SFAz) for HOO AZ, which extends the utility of our Hands-On Optics program and kits to 10 Boys & Girls Clubs programs across Arizona, and Building Information Technology Skills through Astronomy (BITS), which helps rural and under- served teachers learn about technology and information science through astronomy so they can introduce these ideas into their classrooms.

Support for Project ASTRO and NSF AST grant funds for support of Project ASTRO, which emphasizes Int‘l. Year of Astronomy teacher-scientist partnerships, and for 0.5 FTE support for Steve Pompea for the International Year of Astronomy.

Imaging Lab Revenue Cost recovery for poster production/printing and other image usage.

Support for NSO Revenue provided by NSO to support NSO EPO efforts on Kitt Peak, some public information functions, and general EPO outreach locally and regional- ly on behalf of NSO.

Miscellaneous Revenue Additional revenue for general support.

NOAO Director’s Office (NDO) NOAO Division

Grant Indirect Revenue A portion of grant revenue goes to the Director‘s Office for miscellaneous science support.

AURA Director‘s Discretionary Funding from AURA Corporate for discretionary expenditures. Fund (DDF)

Library Support for NSO Revenue provided to NOAO by NSO for NSO library support.

Total Outside Program Revenue Outside Revenue not provided by the NSF core program. Includes supplemental funds used for NOAO base programs. (Refer to revenue table for full detailed revenues per program.)

B NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

B.1 KEY MANAGEMENT FY10

 David Silva, NOAO Director

 Robert Blum, NOAO Deputy Directory

 Abi Saha, Interim Associate Director for KPNO

 R. Chris Smith, Associate Director for CTIO

 Verne V. Smith, Associate Director for NOAO System Science Center

 Joan Najita, Head of Program, Office of Science

 David Sprayberry, Head of Program, NOAO System Technology Center

 Stephen Pompea, Head of Program, Education and Public Outreach

 Karen Wilson, Chief Compliance Officer

B.2 SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL CHANGES FY10

New Appointments

Date Name Position Location 10/1/2009 John Subasavage Jr. Research Associate NOAO South 10/12/2009 Andrea Kunder Research Associate NOAO South

Departures

Date Name Position Location 12/31/2009 Christopher Miller Assistant Astronomer NOAO South 3/31/2010 John Glaspey Visiting Scientist NOAO North 4/30/2010 George Jacoby Head of Program, Office of Science NOAO North 7/2/2010 Craig Harrison Research Associate NOAO South 8/28/2010 Jennifer Lotz Research Associate NOAO North 8/31/2010 Erin A. Pope Research Associate NOAO North

70 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Changed Status

Date Name Position Change Location 10/1/2009 Thomas Matheson Associate Astronomer Promoted from Assistant NOAO North Astronomer 1/1/2010 Karen Wilson Chief Compliance Officer Reassigned from Assoc. Di- NOAO North rector Admin. & Facilities 3/22/2010 Knut Olsen Head System User Support Promoted from Associate NOAO North Astronomer-Tenure 4/1/2010 Timothy Abbott Engineering & Technical Additional Responsibilities NOAO South Services Manger 4/1/2010 Steve Howell Associate Astronomer Promoted from Associate NOAO North Scientist 6/10/2010 Abi Saha Interim Director, KPNO Appointed Interim Head NOAO North 6/10/2010 Buell Jannuzi Astronomer/Tenure End of appointment as Di- NOAO North rector, KPNO 10/1/2010 Nicole van der Bliek Deputy Director, CTIO Promoted from Associate NOAO South Scientist to Scientist

B.3 EFFORT OF SCIENTIFIC STAFF BY BUDGETED PROGRAM

Table B-3 shows the FY10 effort by each scientific staff member within the NOAO functional programs. This table may be compared with Table 22 in the NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2010, in which the predictions at the start of the year are listed. Scientific staff fill out biweekly timecards in- dicating the hours spent on each activity. These hours are converted to fractions of a pay period, taking charges to grants and functional activities first, then research, up to the 80 hours per pay period limit. The nominal allocation for research is shown with a code after the staff member‘s name as fol- lows:  Director, Deputy Director, and Associate Director (D): max of 20%  Head of Program (H): max of 20%  Full, Associate, and Assistant Astronomer (A): max of 50%  Full, Associate, and Assistant Scientist (S): max of 20%  EPO Scientist and Associate Scientist (PS): max of 20%  Postdocs and Goldberg Fellows (P): max of 100%

71 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Table B-3 FY10 Fractional Division of Effort of NOAO Scientific Staff by Budgeted Program (FY10 NSF-Allocated Funds Only NSSC NSTC TSIP/ NOAO GRANTS/ Name Research CTIO KPNO SUS SDM SCD SI LSST GSMT OS EPO Total ReSTAR DIR OTHER Abbott, Timothy (S) .08 .92 1.00

Allen, Lori (S) .91 .09 1.00

Blum, Robert D. (D) .07 .04 .89 1.00

Boroson, Todd (A) .28 .03 .59 .10 1.00

Claver, Charles F. (S) 1.00 1.00

Cunha, Katia M.L. (A) .44 .39 .17 1.00

De Propris, Roberto (A) .37 .61 .02 1.00

De Young, David S. (A) .21 .59 .20 1.00

Dey, Arjun (A) .41 .24 .06 .29 1.00

Dickinson, Mark E. (A) .38 .57 .05 1.00

Elias, Jonathan H. (A) .04 .03 .06 .22 .65 1.00

Garmany, Catharine D. (PS) .14 .36 .15 .35 1.00

Glaspey, John .03 .86 .11 1.00

Gregory, Brooke (S) .01 .86 .13 1.00

Heathcote, Stephen .97 .03 1.00

Hinkle, Kenneth H. (S) .19 .76 .05 1.00

Howell, Steve B. (S) .36 .52 .07 .03 .02 1.00

Jacoby, George H. (H)* .13 .37 .50

Jannuzi, Buell T. (D) .23 .65 .07 .03 .02 1.00

Joyce, Richard R. (S) .12 .57 .16 .15 1.00

Knezek, Patricia (S) 1.00 1.00

Lauer, Tod R. (A) .54 .04 .02 .24 .02 .11 .03 1.00

* George Jacoby retired 30 April 2010.

72 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Merrill, K. Michael (S) .03 .92 .04 .01 1.00

Mighell, Kenneth J. (S) .43 .05 .52 1.00

Miller, Christopher J. (A) † .11 .14 .25

Najita, Joan R. (A) .33 .15 .52 1.00

Norman, Dara (S) .21 .60 .19 1.00

Olsen, Knut (A) .31 .58 .11 1.00

Points, Sean D. (S) .05 .93 .02 1.00

Pompea, Stephen M. (H) .17 .40 .43 1.00

Probst, Ronald G. (S) .18 .35 .12 .08 .27 1.00

Rajagopal, Jayadev (S) .11 .76 .13 1.00

Ridgway, Stephen T. (A) .22 .01 .63 .14 1.00

Ridgway, Susan E. (A)‡ .50 .50

Saha, Abhijit (H) .07 .31 .41 .21 1.00

Shaw, Richard A. (S) § .02 .15 .17

Silva, David (D) 1.00 1.00

Smith, Malcolm G. (A) ** .22 .28 .50

Smith, Robert C. (D) .95 .01 .04 1.00

Smith, Verne V. (D) .17 .83 1.00

Sprayberry, David (H) .93 .03 .02 .02 1.00

† Christopher Miller left in December 2009. ‡ Susan Ridgway was on family medical leave for part of FY11. § Richard Shaw left in November 2009. ** Malcolm Smith reduced his time to 50%.

73 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Tokovinin, Andrei (A) .24 .13 .61 .02 1.00

Valdes, Francisco (S) .98 .02 1.00

van der Bliek, Nicole S. (D) .05 .62 .24 .09 1.00

Walker, Alistair R. (A) .18 .80 .02 1.00

Walker, Constance (PS) .19 .76 .05 1.00

FTE Totals: 8.20 9.89 4.38 5.16 2.38 1.33 2.46 .44 1.28 .67 1.30 1.98 3.08 2.37 44.92

Postdoc Associates North/South

Campbell, Ryan (P) .60 .09 .31 1.00

Doppmann, Greg (P) .02 .45 .53 1.00

Kartaltepe, Jeyhan (P) 1.00 1.00

Kunder, Andrea (P) .96 .04 1.00

Lotz, Jennifer M. (P) 1.00 1.00

Pope, Erin Alexandra (P) 1.00 1.00

Reddy, Naveen A. (P) 1.00 1.00

Schuler, Simon C. (P) 1.00 1.00

Subasavage, Jr., John (P) .32 .68 1.00

Postdoc FTE Totals: 3.88 .77 .02 .45 3.88 9.00

74 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

B.4 SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS††

TIMOTHY ABBOTT, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of binary stellar evolution; instrumentation; telescope operations

FY10 Accomplishments Abbott, as deputy program manager for development of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and telescope manager for the Blanco 4-m telescope, was involved in all aspects of the development of DE- Cam. He was particularly involved in the coordination between NOAO, Fermilab, and the other partners to ensure that the Blanco telescope is capable of providing the platform and image quality required, and that DECam will appropriately serve the NOAO community. In January, Abbott took over as manager of Engineering and Technical Services (ETS) at NOAO South and with it the responsibility for the assignment of the CTIO ETS resources among the many instrument and observatory development programs in which CTIO participates.

FY11 Plans Abbott will continue his participation in the Dark Energy Survey collaboration and will lead the installation of DECam on the Blanco 4-m telescope. This major effort is expected to dominate CTIO‘s attention throughout the year and will result in a significant improvement in the telescope‘s capabilities. Abbott also will continue as manager of ETS and its support of CTIO and participation in SOAR, LSST, and other projects.

HELMUT A. ABT, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Stellar evolution; stellar duplicity; exoplanets; publication statistics

FY10 Accomplishments Abt had several papers published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP). In one, Abt questioned the identification of most of the exoplanets discovered to date as disk systems like the solar system and showed evidence that they were formed like stellar or brown dwarf companions to stars. A second was a study in which he counted pages of astronomical publications (corrected for format changes, foreign input, on-line contributions) for the US, UK, and four major Euro- pean countries during the past 50 years and found that relative to their populations, all three regions are still increasing in pages per million people. However, the UK and European astronomers are lag- ging behind the US by 12 years in productivity. In a third paper, Abt studied data on rotational speeds and duplicity in 17 open clusters and found an inverse correlation between rotation and duplicity, ob- viously caused by tidal slowing of rotation in binaries. Abt reviewed manuscripts for A&A, AJ, Hong Kong Research Council, JASIST, MNRAS, Obs., PASP, nine for Scientometrics, and one preprint during the year.

FY11 Plans Abt will contribute to Arcadio Poveda‘s 80th symposium fest in Mexico City; a study of binaries inside and outside the Local Interstellar Bubble for a symposium in Santiago de Compostela, Spain in February; and the Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics in Lejiang, China in April.

†† Symbols:  is a new appointment in FY10,  is non-NSF (external) funding,  is term ended in FY10.

75 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

LORI E. ALLEN, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Star and planet formation; infrared astronomy

FY10 Accomplishments: Allen (along with former student X. Koenig) submitted a paper to ApJ on circumstellar disk evolution around intermediate mass stars in W5, demonstrating the possibility of planet formation around 2–4 solar mass stars. Allen continued leading the Spitzer Gould Belt Legacy program, resulting in two more papers on that survey (Peterson et al. and Spezzi et al.) submitted to the ApJ. Allen collaborated with scientists at the University of Exeter, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Uni- versity of Texas, the University of Toledo, and Smith College resulting in three papers: one submitted to MNRAS (Bressert et al.) and two to the ApJ (Heiderman et al., Gutermuth et al.) on the subjects of observed stellar surface density and star formation laws. In addition, Allen collaborated on three papers appearing in the Astronomy and Astrophysics special issue on Early Results from Herschel (Ali et al., Stanke et al., Fischer et al.). Allen also collaborated on the first paper on results from the Spitz- er Exploration Class program on variable young stars (Morales et al., submitted to ApJ Letters). At the January 2010 AAS meeting, Allen presented results on global correlations in the Spitzer c2d and Gould Belt Legacy surveys, then held a two-day working group meeting for Gould Belt team members (at the University of Maryland). She gave an invited talk on star formation in nearby molecular clouds at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in March 2010. Allen attended a team meeting of her Herschel Key Time Project (HOPS) in Toledo, Ohio, in July 2010. Allen chaired the Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC) for the NOAO 50th Anniversary meeting in Tucson on star formation, ―From First Light to Newborn Stars.‖ She also chaired the SOC for the annual Spitzer Science meeting, ―Stormy Cosmos: the Evolving Interstellar Medium, from Spitzer to Herschel and Beyond,‖ to be held in November 2010 in Pasadena. Allen was awarded a Spitzer Cycle 7 project to image massive star-forming regions in the fourth Galactic quadrant. In May/June 2010 she obtained deep near-infrared data on these regions using NEWFIRM on the Blanco 4-m telescope.

FY11 Plans About six more papers are planned to report results from the Spitzer Gould Belt Survey, so Allen will continue leading her survey team to complete those. She will also develop and build (or hire someone to develop and build) a database for the Herschel Key Project, ―Herschel Orion Protostar Survey‖ (HOPS). She will continue working with graduate student S. Willis (Iowa State University) on the reduction and analysis of NEWFIRM and Spitzer data from her 4th Galactic quadrant survey. She will also resume her long-term spectroscopic study of the L1641 molecular cloud in Orion, now with the help of graduate student T. Hsu (University of Michigan) who has taken on the task of completing the survey and analyzing the data. Allen will give an Invited Review Talk at the meeting ―Origins of the Stellar IMF‖ in October 2010 (in Tenerife).

AMOKRANE BERDJA, Postdoc Research Associate

ROBERT BLUM, Associate Astronomer (Deputy Director, NOAO)

Research Interests The Galactic Center; formation of massive stars, Galactic and Local Group resolved stellar populations

FY10 Accomplishments Blum continued to work with collaborators A. Damineli (Universidade de São Paulo), C. Barbosa (UNIVAP), E. Figueredo (Universidade de São Paulo), and A. Moisés (Universidade de São Paulo) on star formation regions in the Milky Way with an emphasis on embedded clusters and massive star

76 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

birth. A catalog of clusters in giant HII regions was accepted for publication in the MNRAS. Blum worked with K. Cunha (NOAO) and K. Sellgren (OSU) on observations of luminous cool stars in the Galactic Center. Several atomic and molecular species were observed in high resolution using the Gemini South telescope and the Phoenix spectrometer; analysis is in progress.

FY11 Plans Blum plans to continue studies of massive stars in collaboration with Barbosa and Damineli using the SOAR telescope.

TODD BOROSON Astronomer

Research Interests Structural and physical properties of active galactic nuclei; stellar populations and their evolution; O/IR instrumentation; analysis and mining of large astronomical data sets

FY10 Accomplishments Boroson completed and published his work with T. Lauer (NOAO) on spectral principal component analysis of low-redshift quasar spectra. One outcome of this study was a list of quasars with shifted broad emission lines. Together with M. Eracleous (Pennsylvania State University), Boroson began a program of monitoring the spectra of 87 such objects to isolate those that are best explained as bound supermassive black hole binaries. The first year of observations identified 12 objects in which the peak of the broad lines had shifted with respect to earlier spectra. Working with local high school student Erika Tinley, Boroson compiled a new sample of low redshift objects with high radio luminosity. An analysis of the size distributions of those with and without broad optical emission lines produces a result inconsistent with the conventional unification scheme.

FY11 Plans Boroson will continue his work with M. Eracleous (Pennsylvania State U.) monitoring quasars that are candidate supermassive black hole binaries. Further observations, to be obtained in FY11, will begin to provide constraints on orbits as well as implications for the number of objects that are in the process of binary black hole coalescence. Boroson will also complete his study of the new sample of high-luminosity radio sources associated with low-redshift radio galaxies and quasars. By request, he will also write a chapter of a book, ―Fifty Years of Quasars: Questions about Observations and Ideas.‖

RYAN CAMPBELL, Postdoc Research Associate (CTIO Director of Student Programs Director)

Research Interests Cataclysmic variables; cyclotron emission; Zeeman effect in secondary stars; stellar activity

FY10 Accomplishments: As CTIO director for student programs, Campbell administered the CTIO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program and worked with the KPNO REU director, K. Mighell, to resubmit a proposal to NSF to continue the CTIO REU program. Campbell, attended two conferences: one in Kyoto and the other in Mykonos. During FY10, Campbell worked as primary author on a paper accepted for publication ―A New Look at HU Aquarii,‖ Campbell et al., 2010, ApJ and was a co-author on a published paper, ―Deciphering the Low State of EF Eridanus with HST Ultraviolet Spectra,‖ Szkody et al., 2010, ApJ, 716, 1531.

FY11 Plans In FY11, Campbell will observe in December 2010 using time awarded by NOAO for the program ―Addressing Fundamental Issues in LARPS.‖ He hopes to receive observing time in semester 2011A through the NOAO TAC for the proposal ―Direct Detection of Magnetic Fields in CV Secondaries.‖ The paper on HU Aquarii (noted above) will be published. Campbell plans to work with Fulbright

77 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

student Owen Boberg, who will be spending a year at CTIO beginning in January 2011, on an X-ray project. Campbell will continue his work on the Zeeman effect in secondary stars and work on expanding his teaching repertoire.

CHARLES F. CLAVER, Scientist

Research Interests Large imaging surveys; disk and halo white dwarf populations; stellar evolution; Galactic structure and history

FY10 Accomplishments Claver worked as the Systems Engineer for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), where he is currently assigned. Claver developed a model-based, systems-engineering flow-down of requirements for the LSST starting with the Science Requirements Document through to the LSST subsystems. Claver presented the use of the System Modeling Language in the LSST at the 2010 SPIE conference on Astronomical Instrumentation. Claver was a significant contributor to the LSST Science book in the areas of technical description of the LSST and the simulation of ~13 million white dwarfs that would be found in the LSST survey. Claver worked with REU student Michelle Kislak analyzing data taken at the Calypso Telescope on Kitt Peak to characterize on the LSST prototype CCD sensors.

FY11 Plans Claver plans to continue with his systems engineering work on the LSST; however, as the systems engineering activities come to closure, he plans to spend more time focused on activities specific to the telescope and site development. He plans to develop and validate the wavefront sensing techniques that are required to keep the LSST optical aligned and controlled. Claver also plans to develop the LSST Commissioning Plan over the coming year.

KATIA CUNHA, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; Galactic and extragalactic stellar abundances; Galactic metallicity gradients and chemical evolution

FY10 Accomplishments Cunha edited the Proceedings for IAU Symposium 265: ―Chemical Abundances in the Universe: from First Stars to Planets,‖ published by Cambridge University Press in March 2010. Cunha worked on research related to the chemistry of stars hosting planets and was advisor for one PhD student who defended a thesis on a related theme.

FY11 Plans Cunha plans to continue with the analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data in different stellar populations of the Milky Way, as well as to analyze abundance patterns of M giants and AGB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud. She also plans to study the chemistry of stars in obscured fields in the inner Galactic bulge and Galactic center.

ROBERTO DE PROPRIS, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy formation; galaxy luminosity function; merger rates; structure of the galaxy

FY10 Accomplishments De Propris published a stringent estimate of the dry merger rate, showing that dry mergers do not contribute to galaxy assembly at z < 0.7. He produced a deep 4-D map of the Galactic halo using archival

78 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

data from the 2QZ survey, showing that the outer halo is dynamically young. Together with collaborators, De Propris produced a kinematic study of the Galactic Bulge, showing that it is a bar and has no classical spheroidal component. De Propris also published a number of papers on other subjects.

FY11 Plans De Propris has a data set in hand to elucidate the origin of the multiple main sequences in NGC 2808. He and collaborators also will try to relate this to the Oosterhoff effect in NGC 1851 and NGC 2808. De Propris has data in hand to study the K-selected Butcher-Oemler effect from Spitzer data. De Pro- pris is part of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and will study the merger rate from dynamically close pairs. De Propris will also use XMM data to establish or refute the merger-AGN connection.

DAVID DE YOUNG, Astronomer

Research Interests Theoretical astrophysics, especially non-linear phenomena; active galactic nuclei; galaxy clusters; extragalactic radio sources; MHD and hydrodynamic phenomena

FY10 Accomplishments In FY10, De Young completed a series of theoretical studies that examine the detailed interaction of active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflows with their surroundings. The objective of this work was to test the feasibility of the proposals that ―Radio AGN Feedback‖ can inject enough energy into the interstellar and circumgalactic medium to suppress star formation. If this can occur, then this feedback mechanism may explain why the most massive galaxies in clusters, groups. and in the field are red galaxies with little or no current star formation, contrary to what is predicted by currently fashionable hierarchical cosmologies. The major issues are whether or not the energy of the AGN outflow can be converted into heating the surrounding medium and if this can occur in a time less than the local cooling time and over a sufficiently large volume. Three-dimensional (3-D) time-dependent magnetohy- drodynamic (MHD) calculations were carried out to study the evolution of a trans-sonic turbulent MHD outflow from an FR-I AGN to examine the evolution of the turbulence and to calculate its eventual conversion to heat. In non-dimensional terms, a steady state turbulent cascade into the dissipation region (in wavenumber space) is reached in about one hundred large-scale eddy turnover times. Converting this to ―real‖ units via the use of radio and X-ray observations of nearby FR-I outflows shows that the injection of outflow energy into heat can begin after about 100 million years from the onset of the fully turbulent flow. This number is comparable to the X-ray cooling times in the gas in and around such galaxies, and it demonstrates that the proposed radio AGN feedback mechanism may begin to work on timescales that can permit suppression of star formation. The required large-scale spatial extent of the heat injection remains as an unsolved problem.

FY11 Plans De Young plans to continue the study of the detailed evolution of both FR-I and FR-II outflows and their interaction with the surrounding medium. In particular, he is assembling a large sample of FR-I galaxies with radio data of sufficient resolution to test for the appearance of opening angles of the outflow that are consistent with the flow from fully turbulent jets. In addition, a program to carry out high-resolution 3-D MHD numerical simulations of the late stages of these outflows will continue to be developed. On a related topic, De Young, in collaboration with T. Boroson (NOAO), will pursue further the optical and radio properties of a sample of nearby radio galaxies in order to better constrain their evolutionary properties. Finally, De Young is collaborating with J. Wardle (Brandeis) to use recent VLBA polarization data to investigate the detailed evolution of the outflowing material associated with the well known galactic object SS 433.

79 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

ARJUN DEY, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; high-redshift galaxies; large-scale structure; AGN evolution and clustering

FY10 Accomplishments During FY10, Dey managed the NOAO telescope time allocation process; served as Chair of the WIYN Science Advisory Committee; participated in the BigBOSS project as a member of the Steer- ing Committee; co-authored the BigBOSS proposal, which was submitted to NOAO on 1 October 2010 in response to the Large Science Call; and served on the NASA Astrophysics Subcommittee. Dey studied the clustering and evolution of galaxies. In particular, he investigated the properties and evolutionary state of a sample of extremely luminous dusty galaxies at z ~ 2 that appear to be undergoing an active phase of star and active galactic nuclei (AGN) formation. These galaxies may represent a subsequent evolutionary phase of some sub-mm galaxies. Dey also studied the nature and evolution of strong Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies at redshifts z ~ 2. His thesis student, Dr. Shane Bussmann, completed his dissertation and received a PhD in Astronomy from the University of Ari- zona in September 2010. Dey was a visiting scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory during June 2010.

FY11 Plans Dey will continue to manage the NOAO telescope time allocation process during FY11 and serve as the NOAO liaison to the BigBOSS project. He will continue to work primarily on galaxy evolution and clustering, using the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) and related survey data. He plans to study the clustering and evolution of the red envelope galaxy population, investigating the growth of the central black holes in these systems. He will continue projects studying the most ultraviolet-luminous galaxy population at high-redshift, specifically the very bright star-forming galaxies at redshifts 3.5

MARK DICKINSON, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; high redshift galaxies; active galactic nuclei

FY10 Accomplishments Dickinson‘s research focuses on observational studies of galaxy formation and evolution from deep, multiwavelength surveys. He has been the principal investigator (PI) for two Spitzer Legacy science programs, The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), and the Far-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL), and in FY10 became the NASA primary investigator (PI) for the GOODS Herschel Open Time Key Program, whose program PI is D. Elbaz (CEA/Saclay, France). These Spitzer and Herschel observations are sensitive to the bulk of the energy from star formation and supermassive black hole growth at high redshift, which is obscured by dust and reradiated in the infrared. Dickinson was on sabbatical for the first five months of FY10 at CEA/Saclay (also at the Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Italy). The GOODS-Herschel observations, taken from April through September 2010, were completed and are being reduced and analyzed. Dickinson was instrumental in the development of a successful HST Multi-Cycle Treasury program (―CANDELS‖ with Sandy Faber and Harry Ferguson as co-PIs), which was awarded 902 orbits to carry out deep near-infrared imaging with the new HST WFC3 in five premier deep survey fields, including both GOODS areas. Dickinson was co-PI (with Anthony Gonzalez, University of Florida) for a successful NOAO Survey proposal to use the Gemini South telescope and the FLAMINGOS-2

80 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

near-infrared multiobject spectrograph to obtain spectra for approximately 1000 galaxies at 1.4 < z < 2.5 in GOODS South. In FY10, Dickinson supervised NOAO postdoctoral researcher Jeyhan Kartaltepe, who is working on the GOODS-Herschel and CANDELS programs, and was NOAO staff contact for Spitzer Fel- low Alexandra Pope and Hubble Fellow Naveen Reddy. He continued to supervise the PhD thesis research of University of Arizona (UA) graduate student Stéphanie Juneau, and began to supervise another UA PhD student, Kyle Penner.

FY11 Plans In FY11, Dickinson will mainly focus his attention on the analysis and interpretation of the GOODS- Herschel data, as well as the HST WFC3 CANDELS data, studying infrared-luminous galaxies and AGN at z ~ 2–4, as well as Lyman-break selected galaxies at 4 < z < 9 (and perhaps beyond).

GREGORY DOPPMANN, Research Associate

Research Interests Young stellar objects; circumstellar disks; star and planet formation; spectral synthesis modeling; infrared instrumentation

FY10 Accomplishments Last April, Doppmann received a NASA origins grant to characterize water, OH, and organic emission in T Tauri stars. Doppmann spent time in FY10 writing up the results from the initial analysis of water and OH emission in V1331 Cyg, and plans to submit this paper shortly after the beginning of FY11. Also during FY10, Doppmann co-authored two papers. In the first paper, lead by J. Eisner (Steward Observatory), the time variable accretion of TW Hydra was reported from the ARIES spectra taken with the MMT last year. In the second paper, with co-authors S. Mohanty (Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) and K. Stassun (Vanderbilt University), an analysis of a substellar eclipsing binary, 2MASS 0535-0546, was presented. Doppmann also developed an automated fitting routine to spectral type optical spectra of stars that are candidate hosts to planets based on a Kepler program lead by S. Howell (NOAO). Doppmann received a grant from the Research Corpora- tion through the Arizona Partners in Science program to mentor a high school teacher (R. Hobbins) in an observing project designed to monitor the photometric variability of T Tauri stars. Observing time was applied for and awarded this fall on the WIYN 0.9-m telescope to obtain the data needed for this project.

FY11 Plans Following the submission of the V1331 Cyg paper showing the detailed water and OH emission modeling, characterizing or setting detection limits on the organic emission in the T Tauri sample is the next goal of the Origins research project, working with J. Najita (NOAO) and J. Carr (Naval Research Laboratory). Doppmann will also continue to collaborate with S. Brittain (Clemson University) on two projects. In the first project, probing the isotopic abundances of oxygen in the disks around young stars, Doppmann will reduce the data now in hand and provide the analysis needed to write up these results. A second project to observe OH emission in the disks of transition objects was granted telescope time on Gemini South. Doppmann will be collecting and reducing this data in December and January. Doppmann will continue to mentor R. Hobbins into the second and final year of this project to monitor photometric variability of T Tauri stars.

JONATHAN H. ELIAS, Astronomer

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; Magellanic Clouds; supernovae and novae

81 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

FY10 Accomplishments Elias provided scientific oversight of the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT) Program Of- fice. Elias also provided support to the Gemini Observatory for its repairs to the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrometer (GNIRS). Elias acted as Project Manager and systems engineering lead on the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph and Cerro Tololo Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS/COSMOS) project, which will provide new, efficient multi-object spectrographs for the Mayall and Blanco telescopes, respectively. These instruments are adapted from the successful OSMOS on the MDM 2.4-m Hiltner telescope. The project, funded under ReSTAR, is a joint effort with The Ohio State University where the PI is Paul Martini.

FY11 Plans Elias will continue his work on KOSMOS and COSMOS as his primary activity. KOSMOS is expected to arrive at KPNO late in the fiscal year, with development for COSMOS continuing into FY12. Additional scientific activities planned for FY11 will be largely in support of GSMT and development of the Optical/Infrared System, including activities under both NSSC and NSTC.

KATY GARMANY, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Formation and evolution of massive stars; astronomy education

FY10 Accomplishments During FY10, Garmany collaborated with K. Cunha on the chemical composition of outer galactic disk B stars; a poster on the preliminary work was presented at the January 2010 AAS meeting.

FY11 Plans Garmany will continue her collaboration on the outer disk B stars with Cunha and S. Oey, University of Michigan. Oey will spend several months of sabbatical time at NOAO in the spring of 2011. Gar- many will focus on determining accurate distances to stars she observed with Magellan as part of this collaboration. Garmany will collaborate with H. Bond, STSCI, on a search for reflection nebulae around galactic Cepheids.

JOHN GLASPEY, Visiting Scientist

BROOKE GREGORY, Scientist

Research Interests Telescopes and optics; cryogenics; adaptive optics; infrared systems

FY10 Accomplishments While being on 50% retirement, Gregory worked on the implementation of the new cleanroom at the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope for the NEWFIRM wide-field infrared imager and the Dark Energy Cameral (DECam). He worked with various communities to assure safe operation of lasers associated with the Andes Lidar Observatory, Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope instrument SOAR Adaptive-optics Module, and Gemini.

FY11 Plans Gregory will continue his involvement in laser operation safety issues as well as the reception, installation, and operation of the cryogenic system for DECam. He also plans a future instrumentation concept for the multi-fiber fed infrared spectrograph (Hibis) with R. de Propris (CTIO).

CRAIG HARRISON, Research Associate

82 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

STEPHEN R. HEATHCOTE, Astronomer (Director, SOAR)

KENNETH H. HINKLE, Scientist

Research Interests Peculiar and late-type stars; circumstellar and interstellar matter; molecular spectroscopy; instrumentation

FY10 Accomplishments Hinkle produced two papers on instrumentation: one coauthored with S. T. Ridgway (NOAO) on Fourier spectroscopy with very large telescopes and a second with R. Joyce (NOAO) and J. Najita (NOAO) on design inputs for next-generation near-infrared spectrographs. Hinkle continued his work on AGB and post-AGB evolution. With T. Lebzelter‘s (University of Vienna) group, Hinkle coauthored a paper on velocity effects in dynamic model atmospheres. In a collaboration lead by A. García-Hernández (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), Hinkle published a study of oxygen isotope ratios in cool R CrB stars. Hinkle also participated in a study led by C. Abia (Universidad de Grana- da) on fluorine abundances in carbon stars. Hinkle‘s collaboration on binary evolution with F. Fekel (Tennessee State University.) and R. Joyce (NOAO) resulted in a paper on the orbits of three S-type symbiotic binary systems. Two publications resulted from his collaborations on laboratory spectroscopy. One with a team led by R. Hargreaves (University of York) was on FeH in M dwarfs. The second was a laboratory study of CN led by R. Ram (University of Arizona). With N. Indriolo (Uni- versity of Illinois) and coworkers, Hinkle continued his work on the ISM with a paper on the interstellar cosmic-ray ionization rate.

FY11 Plans Research on post-AGB binary systems with circumbinary disks is underway with S. Margheim (Ge- mini), J. Rajagopal (NOAO), S. Brittain (Clemson) and S. T. Ridgway (NOAO). In collaboration with a team led by M. Troutman (Clemson), Hinkle is working on a paper on the  Pic debris disk. A paper with Fekel and Joyce is underway on the AGB binary systems containing Mira variables with white dwarf companions. Further work is planned with T. Lebzelter (U. Vienna) on AGB evolution. Hinkle plans a publication with L. Wallace (NOAO), M. Richter (UC Davis) and J. Cernicharo (DAMIR, CSIC) on the circumstellar chemistry of ethylene. Hinkle will continue his work with Joyce and others on high-resolution near-infrared spectrographs.

STEVE B. HOWELL, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Interacting binary stars; variable sources; exoplanets; CCD instrumentation

FY10 Accomplishments Howell worked as project scientist for the 4-m Mosaic upgrade project. He continued his work with the NASA Kepler mission as a member of the Kepler Science Team concentrating on follow-up observations. Howell began a large spectroscopic and speckle imaging program for the Kepler project in order to help refute/confirm exoplanet candidates. He also used Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescope observations of Epsilon Aur to supplement ground-based observations obtained as part of the Educa- tion and Public Outreach group‘s Citizen Sky project.

FY11 Plans Howell will continue his NASA Kepler Mission research concentrating on light curves, variable stars, and exoplanets in FY11. After the Mosaic upgrade commissioning in late October 2011, Howell plans to begin work on Large Synoptic Survey Telescope light curve simulations and his plans for early science/deep drilling field observations.

83 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

GEORGE JACOBY, Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy populations; extragalactic distance scale; planetary nebulae; Type Ia supernovae; instrumentation

FY10 Accomplishments Jacoby continued his work with a group of amateur astronomers to survey the Galaxy for previously unknown, faint, old planetary nebulae (PNe) that have escaped detection. Very patient amateurs review the digital sky surveys for objects that may be PNe, and Jacoby has used KPNO facilities for follow-up observations to spectroscopically ascertain the validity for 51 of the 78 candidates. He also worked with a European team to determine the chemical composition and the abundance gradients in the relatively nearby galaxy NGC 5128 (Cen A) using spectra of 50 PNe obtained at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (ESO VLT). A paper describing the results was submitted. Working with De Marco, Bond, and Harrington to study the details of the four PNe found in the Galactic globular cluster system, Jacoby has been analyzing the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images to assess the likelihood that all PNe found in globular clusters are derived from binary progenitor stars.

FY11 Plans Jacoby plans to work with PhD student Anna Kovacevic and Professor Quentin Parker of Macquarie University to study the detailed nature of the brightest PNe in the Milky Way bulge. This is the only sample of PNe for which the origin, composition, masses, and luminosities of the nebula and star can be explored to the degree required to understand the reasons why the planetary nebula luminosity function has a sharp, bright-end cutoff that can be used to derive distances to galaxies with high accuracy. Jacoby will complete the HST study initiated with De Marco.

BUELL T. JANNUZI, Astronomer (KPNO Director, NOAO Associate Director until 10 June 2010)

Research Interests Observational cosmology; formation and evolution of large-scale structure; quasars and quasar absorption line systems; evolution of properties of galaxies; instrumentation for surveys

FY10 Accomplishments Jannuzi continued as the principal investigator of MIPS AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (MAGES), a Spitzer Space Telescope Cycle 5 Legacy program. During FY10, the source catalogs from the January 2009 MIPS imaging observations of the Boötes Field of the NOAO Deep Wide- Field Survey (a deep optical and near IR imaging survey, co-PIs Jannuzi and A. Dey) were successfully merged with data available at other wavelengths in preparation for publication of science results in FY11. MAGES enables the study of the far-infrared (IR) emission of obscured and unobscured quasi-stellar objects; the determination of the properties of z < 1 luminous infrared galaxies, ultralumin- ous infrared galaxies, and active galactic nuclei (AGN); the measurement of the spectral energy distributions of IR-luminous galaxies; and the characterization of the clustering of IR-selected source populations. Preliminary results were presented at the January 2010 AAS meeting. Jannuzi was a co-investigator on successful Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) proposals for programs that will be carried out in FY11 to study, respectively, the properties of AGN and the intergalactic medium (IGM). Additionally, Jannuzi continued his studies of the physical properties of Lyman-alpha absorption line systems using HST/STIS ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and galaxy redshift surveys. One paper from this work appeared during FY10. New observations in support of this research were successfully undertaken at Keck Observatory. These data have been reduced, analyzed, and prepared for publication in FY11. Jannuzi coauthored 16 publications, six in refereed journals, during FY10.

84 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

FY11 Plans Jannuzi stepped down as Director of Kitt Peak National Observatory and Associate Director of NOAO in June 2010, returning to the scientific staff of NOAO. Jannuzi anticipates using his increased time for science research to complete the publication of the results from MAGES described above. He remains involved in the analysis of the completed surveys AGES (AGN Galaxy Evolution Survey; PIs C. Kochanek and D. Eisenstein) and the Spitzer Deep-Wide Field Survey (PI Stern). He will continue to study the physical properties of Lyman-alpha absorption line systems using HST/STIS UV spectroscopy of intermediate redshift quasars. Collaborating with J. Bechtold, S. Mor- ris, N. Crighton, R. Dave, and others, he will compare measurements of the spatial distribution of gas in the IGM to the distribution of galaxies in order to study the physical relationship between these two populations of baryons in the Universe. These studies will be aided by an accepted HST program to use COS to obtain improved UV spectroscopy along some of the lines-of-sight being studied. With P. Smith and G. Schmidt, Jannuzi will continue to be involved in the ground-based observations necessary to support their successfully renewed Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope program to study the physical properties of AGN through the combined use of optical spectropolarimetry and Fermi LAT observations.

RICHARD R. JOYCE, Scientist

Research Interests Late-type stars; mass loss; infrared detector and instrumentation development

FY10 Accomplishments Joyce continued a long-term project with K. Hinkle (NOAO), F. Fekel (Tennessee State U.), and P. Wood (Australian National University) to determine orbits of symbiotic stars by measurement of their radial velocities at infrared wavelengths, emphasizing the largely unstudied southern sky. The results for three S-type symbiotics have been published, and an additional three have sufficient data for an orbital determination. Stars unobservable from Kitt Peak are being observed using Phoenix on Gemi- ni South and the fiber-fed echelle on the 1.5-m telescope at CTIO operated by the SMARTS Consor- tium. Several final flash stars, observed through narrowband infrared filters using WHIRC on the WIYN telescope, were also observed using NIRI/Altair on Gemini North to search for emission at 1083 nm from He I, an emission line diagnostic of a high-velocity wind flowing from the star.

FY11 Plans Joyce will continue the infrared radial velocity measurements of the southern symbiotic stars and the abundance studies of globular cluster stars. The extended emission detected around V605 Aql with NIRI/Altair in the Ks band will be compared with that in images obtained in 2001 with Hoku- paa/QUIRC on Gemini North to measure the expansion of the ejecta from the original 1919 outburst.

JEYHAN KARTALTEPE, Postdoc Research Associate (NASA)

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; merging and interacting galaxies; luminous infrared galaxies; submillimeter galaxies; active galactic nuclei; galaxy morphology; starbursts; spectral energy distributions

FY10 Accomplishments Kartaltepe‘s research prior to coming to NOAO in FY09 resulted in two published, first-author papers in FY10 on the properties of 70-micron selected galaxies in the COSMOS field. As a new member of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) collaboration, Kartaltepe, along with many others on the team, reduced data from Herschel at 100 and 160 microns as it was taken in both the GOODS North and GOODS South fields. Kartaltepe also reduced shared risk Submillimetre Com- mon User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) observations of the COSMOS field (at 450 and 850 microns). The analysis of this data set is ongoing and will form the basis of a paper to be submitted in

85 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

FY11. Additionally, Kartaltepe analyzed the near-infrared morphology of high-redshift, BzK-selected galaxies in GOODS South using early release science data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and is currently working on a paper based on this analysis. Kartaltepe was a co-I on the successful Cosmic Assembly Near Infra-red Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) HST Multi-cycle Treasury Program to observe five different fields in the near infrared with Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). As a member of this collaboration, Kartaltepe took a leading role in the morphology working group to begin analyzing the visual morphologies of high-redshift objects in these fields as the data is taken. Kartaltepe was the successful PI of two observing proposals to study the properties of high-redshift, extremely luminous, infrared galaxies in the COSMOS field using Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRSPEC. These observations will take place in FY11.

FY11 Plans Kartaltepe will continue the analysis of SCUBA-2 and Early Release Science (ERS) data and will submit papers based on each of these data sets. Kartaltepe will also lead the COSMOS NIR spectroscopy working group, coordinate the large FMOS observing campaign (to begin in December 2010), and work on reducing the data as it is taken. Kartaltepe will continue the analysis of GOODS- Herschel and CANDELS data and will begin to work on a paper combing both of these data sets to study the morphology of high-redshift luminous infrared galaxies detected by Herschel. Kartaltepe also will continue the analysis of high-redshift targets in COSMOS using the scheduled observations on Gemini and Keck.

TOM KINMAN, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Galactic structure; Galactic Halo; Horizontal Branch Stars; RR Lyrae stars

FY10 Accomplishments Kinman and W. R. Brown (Smithsonian) published a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of low- amplitude variables from the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) survey and showed that many of the RR Lyrae variables are eclipsing binaries. Kinman and Brown also published spectroscopic and photometric data for 12 previously unobserved RR Lyrae stars (to be discussed in a larger Anticenter kinematic survey that is in preparation). Kinman re-observed 105 early- type stars found by Rodgers et al. (1993) and identified 14 as blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars. The results agree with the overlapping BHB survey of Brown et al. (2008) but not that of Beers et al. (2007).

FY11 Plans Kinman plans to publish the work based on the Rodgers et al. (1993) fields noted above and also work on the kinematics of halo stars in the Anticenter. He also plans to continue comparisons of the BHB stars found in these surveys and at the north Galactic pole (NGP) with those found from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) by Smith et al. (2010). Kinman hopes to continue the reduction of recent photometry of RR Lyrae stars in the Lick Survey fields.

PATRICIA KNEZEK, Associate Scientist (Deputy Director, WIYN)

Research Interests Star formation in galaxies; evolution of galaxies; dwarf galaxies; stellar populations in nearby galaxies

FY10 Accomplishments Knezek continued to work with collaborators on the NOAO ―Outer Limits‖ survey (PIs A. Saha, and E. Olszewski) of the Magellanic Clouds. The second paper was just accepted for publication. Knezek continued as a member of the ―Search for Ionization in Gaseous Galaxies‖ (SINGG; PI G. Meurer).

86 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

She is leading the effort to follow up the initial imaging with spectroscopy of the sample available to WIYN in order to obtain kinematics. A paper using some of this data was drafted by graduate student Z. Zheng and should be submitted by the end of the year.

FY11 Plans Knezek will continue her work on both projects mentioned above. She is now a co-investigator on three planned science programs with the One Degree Imager (ODI): the Yale/ODI Survey (PI C. Bailyn), the Living Galaxy (PIs M. Orio and R. Townsend), and Evolution of Galaxy Groups with ODI (EGGO; PI J. Gallagher). Knezek will be working with her collaborators to finalize the science cases and plan the observing strategies of these programs. She will also continue serving as the Project Director of the ODI Pipeline, Portal, and Archive project (ODI-PPA).

ANDREA KUNDER, Postdoc Research Associate

Research Interests Observational stellar astronomy; stellar populations and stellar evolution; RR Lyrae stars; distance indicators; Galactic bulge and Milky Way globular clusters

FY10 Accomplishments Kunder worked with the BRAVA collaboration and obtained ~4000 radial velocities for M giants in the Galactic bulge using the HYDRA spectrograph. As evidence of a bar in the Milky Way has grown, it has become clear that the Galactic bulge offers a potential laboratory to investigate the dynamics of the nearest bar in detail with radial velocities and eventually with proper motions as well as abundances. The resulting dynamics have been used to constrain N-body models of the Galaxy, and it was found that the Galactic bulge is likely part of the disk and not a separate component made in a prior merger. Kunder also worked on the evolution of RR Lyrae stars in the Milky Way globular cluster IC 4499.

FY11 Plans As a member of the BRAVA team surveying the Galactic bulge with the Hydra spectrograph, Kund- er, with R. de Propris (NOAO), will be looking for potential streams in the Galactic bulge as well as the double clump population in the Galactic bulge. She will obtain more insight into Milky Way stellar populations using new photometry of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 2808 and the Galactic bulge that she has collected to constrain the properties of these populations.

TOD R. LAUER, Astronomer

Research Interests Extragalactic astronomy; normal galaxies; nuclear black holes; stellar populations; cosmology; astronomical image processing; space-based dark energy investigations

FY10 Accomplishments Lauer and collaborators completed a major Hubble Space Telescope (HST) project to obtain the deepest ever probe of the stellar population of the nearby dwarf elliptical galaxy M32. This is a ―stand-in‖ for distant elliptical galaxies. The results show that M32 is of intermediate age. With T. Boroson (NOAO), Lauer completed work to characterize the set of spectra for Sloan Digital Sky Sur- vey quasi-stellar objects through a principle components representation. This allows automated searches for unusual objects in a large population. With other collaborators, Lauer used adaptive optics to measure black hole masses in M87 and NGC 6086, a brightest cluster galaxy. This work is to investigate a hypothesis of Lauer‘s that the most massive galaxies in the Universe may have black hole masses more in line with the galaxies‘ luminosities than stellar velocity dispersions. Lauer continued to support the NOAO Survey program and led a full review of the Survey program with the goals of improving the scientific impact of the program. Lauer led the workshop ―The

87 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Eventful Universe,‖ which was part of the National Observatory‘s 50th anniversary celebration. Lauer supported the NOAO role as the conduit for LSST to the community and served on the WIYN Board of Directors.

FY11 Plans Lauer will be taking a key part in a recently selected HST multi-cycle treasury proposal to use HST to map out a third of the great Andromeda galaxy, M31. This is an extremely ambitious program. Lauer will be developing algorithms to achieve the highest possible spatial resolution of the completed imaging. Lauer will continue to work with his collaborators in mapping the local population of black holes in galaxy centers.

JENNIFER LOTZ, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

C. ROGER LYNDS, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; galaxy mergers; cosmology

FY10 Accomplishments Because the galaxy NGC 6745 is clearly experiencing one or more merging encounters, Lynds is involved with an extensive study done of possible interacting companions in the surrounding volume of space. Only one candidate has been found. In that one case, the HI distribution for NGC 6745 is strongly suggestive of a past interaction with that galaxy. Optical evidence supporting that interpretation was provided by images obtained with the Mosaic camera on the Mayall 4-m telescope at Kitt Peak, but satisfactory reduction of those images has been troubled by clouds during the observational sequences.

FY11 Plans Lynds plans to bring the reduction of the Mosaic observations to completion and to complete the ma- nuscript on all NRAO Very Large Array, Hubble Space Telescope, and Kitt Peak telescope observations.

THOMAS MATHESON, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Supernovae; novae; gamma-ray bursts; cosmology

FY10 Accomplishments Matheson was a co-author on two refereed publications in FY10. One looked at the velocity widths of emission lines in nebular-phase spectra of a large sample of core-collapse SNe. The other paper explored the use of Type II supernovae (SNe) as distance indicators, in this case using them as standard candles.

FY11 Plans Matheson will continue work on low-redshift Type Ia SNe looking for spectroscopic correlations with intrinsic luminosity and will work on a project with L. Dessart (Observatoire Astronomique de Mar- seille Provence) to determine a precise value of the Hubble constant using Type II SNe. Matheson‘s Gemini/European Southern Observatory collaboration on Type Ib/c SNe, with an emphasis on the nebular phase, will continue. Work on the light echoes of ancient SNe, including Cas A and Tycho‘s SN in our galaxy, will also take up his time in FY11. Matheson will be involved with discoveries made by the Palomar Transient Factory, observing transient events in order to classify them and analyzing core-collapse objects. Another project will spectroscopically confirm double white dwarf binary candidates found by the Sloan Survey.

88 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

K. MICHAEL MERRILL, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; interstellar/circumstellar dust; IR detectors; data acquisition and reduction

FY10 Accomplishments Merrill provided scientific oversight of the Monsoon Array Controller for the Mosaic 1.1 upgrade at KPNO and during the development of the TORRENT Array Controller. He refereed several papers pertaining to site characteristics and infrared (IR) arrays and continued to actively support the KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program at NOAO by lecturing the students on IR astrophysics and supporting their observations with SQIID on the KPNO 2.1-m telescope.

FY11 Plans Merrill will continue to support the KPNO REU program at NOAO. In an effort to further improve data quality from NEWFIRM and WHIRC, Merrill will research acquisition and post-detection techniques for improving the global DC stability of array output and develop techniques for employing the reference pixels to correct for slowly varying (in time and space) DC levels within the individual outputs. Merrill will continue to stay abreast of developments in IR array technology in support of the detector program at NOAO.

KENNETH J. MIGHELL, Scientist (REU Site Director, KPNO) (NASA)

Research Interests Stellar populations in Local Group galaxies; precision stellar photometry and astrometry; parallel- processing astronomical image-analysis applications

FY10 Accomplishments Mighell was promoted to Scientist retroactive to May 1, 2009. As Site Director for the KPNO Re- search Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program, Mighell managed six bright undergraduate students: D. Barringer (Union College), E. Byler (Wellesley College), K. Hawkins (Ohio University), M. Kislak (University of California Berkeley), A. Merritt (University of California Berkeley), S. Mor- rison (Appalachian State University). Mighell started a new one-year NASA Astrophysics Data Anal- ysis Program (ADP) project ―Improving the Precision of Stellar Photometry and Astrometry of IRAC Channel 1 and 2 Observations‖ to develop new calibration procedures for IRAC Ch1 and Ch2 BCD images. Mighell started analyzing 30-min Kepler light curves from his one-year Kepler Cycle-1 Guest Observer project ―A Calibration Study of Variable Stars in the Kepler Field.‖ REU summer student S. Morrison, S. Howell, and Mighell analyzed Kepler light curves of 56 eclipsing binary systems from that project and developed 3-D models for most of those systems. Acting as a NASA consultant to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mighell participated in the Dependable Multiprocessor (DM) Technology Infusion meeting at the Honeywell facility in Clearwater, Florida, on 19 November 2009; this meeting was part of the DM Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 Technology Validation Effort. B. Harker-Lundberg (NSO) and Mighell began writing an article about a new high-speed Stokes inversion procedure for mapping solar photospheric vector magnetic fields, utilizing a massively parallel, GPU-computing architecture to harness the different tiers of parallelism implicit in the inversion problem itself.

FY11 Plans As part of his ADP research project, Mighell will develop a graphical user interface (GUI) for his new IRAC calibration procedures to help astronomers get better photometry and astrometry from IRAC Ch1 and Ch2 BCD images in the Spitzer Data Archive; he will test those procedures with archival observations of transiting extrasolar planets. Mighell will write an article describing systematic centroid errors in undersampled nearly-diffraction-limited space-based imagers. Mighell, Howell, J. Holberg

89 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

(University of Arizona) and W. Sherry (National Solar Observatory) will write an article describing the results from their Kepler Cycle-1 Guest Observer project. Mighell will continue his development work of the computational framework of his CRBLASTER cosmic-ray rejection application; some of that work will be done with one of the first available development systems for the new 49-core MAESTRO processor.

CHRISTOPHER J. MILLER, Assistant Astronomer

JOAN R. NAJITA, Associate Astronomer (Head of Program, OS)

Research Interests Star and planet formation; infrared spectroscopy

FY10 Accomplishments Najita continued a Spitzer study of organic molecules and water in the planet formation region of disks. Using detailed modeling, Najita and collaborators characterized the temperatures, emitting radii, and molecular abundances of the inner disk region in a small sample of young stars (Carr & Naji- ta 2010, in preparation). They also reported initial work on a larger sample (Pontoppidan et al. 2010; see also Salyk et al. 2010, in preparation) and showed the possibility of using lower resolution Spitzer spectra to characterize molecular emission from disks (Teske et al. 2010, submitted). Najita leads a Spitzer study of transition objects, young stellar systems whose SEDs indicate significant disk evolution, possibly as a result of planet formation. In a first paper, they show how the unusual emission line spectra of these objects suggest that the disk has evolved away from the T Tauri norm in a way that is consistent with planet formation (Najita et al. 2010).

FY11 Plans Najita is leading a study (with K. Pontoppidan, C. Salyk, G. Blake, and E. van Dishoeck) of the demographics of water and organic emission among Taurus T Tauri stars to determine if properties such as accretion rate, X-ray luminosity, and dust settling are predictors for molecular emission strength. To provide a theoretical context in which to interpret these results, Najita is leading a thermal- chemical study (with A. Glassgold and M. Adamkovics) of the formation of water and organics in disk atmospheres. Other ongoing projects for FY11 include (1) Spitzer and ground-based spectroscopy of transitional disks, (2) Spitzer spectroscopy of Ne II emission as a tracer of the dissipation of gaseous disks, and (3) using stellar accretion rates and disk emission lines to explore the nature of transition disks (with S. Strom and J. Muzerolle).

DARA J. NORMAN, Assistant Scientist

Research Interests Quasars and their environments; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure

FY10 Accomplishments Norman‘s primary duties continued to include supporting the US astronomy community in pursuit of Gemini data and serving as AURA diversity co-advocate at NOAO. She continued to co-organize the Friday Lunch Astronomy Science Hour (FLASH) talks, and she served on the CTIO search committee. Norman attended the AAS meeting in Washington, DC, where she organized two special sessions titled, ―Mentoring Astronomers: Students to Faculty I & II,‖ jointly sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Minorities in Astronomy and the Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy, AAS standing committees. At the June AAS meeting in Miami, she organized a special session that was a repeat of the second session mentioned above. She also attended meetings of the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers and the National Society of Black Physicists (NSBP) for which she serves as chair of the Astro section and co-chair of the 2011 conference committee. She was recently appointed to the AAS‘s Demographics Committee. Along with the other AURA diversity advocates,

90 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Norman received an AURA service award. Norman gave colloquium talks at Gemini South and Uni- versity of Texas at Austin on research done with R. DePropris (CTIO) and additional talks titled, ―Tough Talk: Women Giving Colloquia‖ based on data collected for a poster for the Women in As- tronomy 2009 meeting.

FY11 Plans Norman will continue projects started with collaborators. Plans are to obtain Gemini observations of quasars in a unique lensing-discovered galaxy cluster in January. She also plans to complete a paper on correlations of quasars and IRAC clusters in the NDWFS Boötes field. She will be organizing a special session at the AAS 2011 meeting titled, ―Strategies for Addressing Harassment and Preju- dice.‖

KNUT A. OLSEN, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar populations and star formation histories of nearby galaxies; star clusters; Magellanic Clouds

FY10 Accomplishments Olsen was co-author of nine refereed papers in FY10. His research continued its focus on high spatial resolution studies of nearby galaxies, including ground-based adaptive optics (AO), and imaging and spectroscopic surveys of nearby galaxies. Olsen completed analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud‘s (LMC‘s) kinematics based on a spectroscopic survey of ~5000 LMC stars, in which he discovered a counter-rotating population of stars that probably originated in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). He continued to participate in the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Nearby Galaxy Treasury collaboration, in particular providing joint supervision of University of Wyoming graduate student David Cook in a project to understand the star cluster population of the Local Volume of galaxies, and participating actively in a Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics (LGSAO) project to understand the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) population of the Local Group. Olsen joined the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) project, an 825-orbit HST multicycle treasury program, where he is responsible for developing an automated star cluster detection method. Olsen contributed scientifically to the proposal to build the BigBOSS spectrograph for the Kitt Peak 4-m telescope, providing detailed analysis of the five-year survey operations strategy.

FY11 Plans Olsen will continue his research in stellar populations as described above, in particular using high spatial resolution observations and surveys to investigate the stellar populations of nearby galaxies. Olsen is writing a paper on the counter-rotating population of stars in the LMC, and aims to publish papers on the evolved stellar content of the Carina dwarf, on the origin of M31‘s 10 kpc ―Ring of Fire,‖ and on an automated star cluster detection method.

SEAN D. POINTS, Assistant Scientist

Research Interests Interstellar medium; Magellanic Clouds; evolved stars; astronomical instrumentation; data reduction pipelines

FY10 Accomplishments Points continued his work calibrating the data obtained by the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Sur- vey (MCELS) with R. C. Smith (NOAO) and a summer student from the Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program. Points and collaborators were able to apply astrometric solutions to all of the data and performed aperture photometry of all of the standard stars observed during the five- year MCELS observing campaign. Points also worked with M. Klimek (Rutgers/CTIO), a 2006 REU

91 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

student, and submitted a paper for publication that detailed the physical properties of diffuse X-ray emission from supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

FY11 Plans Points plans to finish the flux calibration of the MCELS data during FY11. This involves flux- calibrating the individual images, performing a continuum subtraction, and then mosaicing the data. Points will complete the observing documentation for the Optical Imager and Goodman spectrograph that are in use on the SOAR telescope. Finally, Points is the project scientist for the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS) and the Cerro Tololo Ohio State Multi-Object Spectro- graph (COSMOS). These spectrographs are being built under a cooperative agreement between NOAO and the Ohio State University using ReSTAR funds. KOSMOS integration and commissioning are scheduled to start in mid 2011.

STEPHEN POMPEA, Scientist (Manager, EPO)

Research Interests Inquiry- and research-based science education; informal education program design, astronomical instrumentation

FY10 Accomplishments Pompea continued his educational program design and management work with the formal and informal science education communities as well as his technical work on stray light in optical systems, optical properties of surfaces for instrumentation, and astronomical optical systems analysis and op- timization. In science education, Pompea supported the GLOBE at Night light pollution education program and the completion of the Spitzer Space Telescope Teacher and Student Observing Program (a spinoff of RBSE), which has trained 32 teachers to conduct astronomical research with Spitzer. The program was successfully transitioned to JPL for long-term sustainability. Pompea maintained strategic professional development efforts related to the now completed, NSF-funded Hands-On Op- tics project (Informal Science, with SPIE and OSA) for which Pompea was Co-PI and Project Direc- tor. This year, the Investigating Astronomy high-school textbook was published. Pompea served as Co-PI on this NSF-supported Instructional Materials Development project. Pompea continued to serve as PI of the Science Foundation Arizona project to bring the Hands-On Optics project to rural Boys & Girls Clubs in Arizona, which is in its final year. Pompea was also active as Co-PI in the NSF-funded programs: Collaboration to Advance Teaching Technology and Science (Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education) and Astronomy From the Ground Up (Informal Science Educa- tion). Both programs ended successfully this fiscal year. He worked with R. Sparks (NOAO) on GSMT education and outreach efforts on adaptive optics. Pompea led the US International Year of Astronomy (IYA) Working Group on telescope kits, which produced a low-cost, educational telescope kit (the prize-winning Galileoscope) and distributed 200,000 units thus far. He also served as the Project Director and Co-PI for the US IYA project funded by NSF AST, which was successfully concluded this year and featured a White House Star Party. Pompea also served as public information officer for NOAO.

FY11 Plans Pompea will continue his work to support science education efforts in Arizona and IV Región de Co- quimbo in Chile, as well as support for various national initiatives in science education, including work exploring how best to work with Native Americans in science education settings. He will support professional development related to the Galileoscope in FY11 as part of the Teaching with Tele- scopes program. Support for NOAO‘s innovative light pollution education program will be a major area of concentration. A major focus of his efforts in Chile will be program support for the guide training program for tourist observatories. Pompea will continue research on developing high contrast/low stray light imaging and spectroscopic systems and in aiding NOAO and its partners on opti- mizing new and existing telescopes for better stray light performance.

92 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

ALEXANDRA POPE, Research Associate (Spitzer Fellow)

RONALD G. PROBST, Scientist

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation for large telescopes; star formation; extrasolar planet imaging searches

FY10 Accomplishments Probst led the successful relocation of the NEWFIRM wide-field infrared imager to CTIO for its first deployment in the Southern Hemisphere. He was principal investigator for a successful NOAO Sur- vey proposal to do a deep H2 imaging survey of star-forming regions in the Magellanic Clouds. In this role, he provided large-telescope observing experience for Chilean students from Universidad de Chile and Universidad de La Serena. He was also an active co-investigator on other galactic and extragalactic NEWFIRM proposals.

FY11 Plans Probst will take a six-month sabbatical to work on the NEWFIRM Survey mentioned above. He will continue his active involvement with other NEWFIRM observational programs and will lead the relocation of NEWFIRM back to KPNO toward the end of FY11. Probst will continue his NOAO user support activities for NICI on the Gemini South telescope and TripleSpec on the Palomar Hale 200-in (5-m) telescope. He also will continue as Chair of the Gemini Planet Finding Scientific Working Group, an advisory panel.

JAYADEV RAJAGOPAL, Assistant Scientist

Research Interests Circumstellar dust, debris disks; high angular resolution techniques in optical/infrared; atmospheric turbulence

FY10 Accomplishments Rajagopal completed the first phase of a study of circumstellar disks around evolved stars that are likely in binary systems. In collaboration with S. T. Ridgway (NOAO), he completed an observing program for these targets with the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) interferometer at Mt. Wilson to successfully resolve the sizes of the disks in the near-IR. Imaging of the environments of a sample of these objects was completed with the Near-Infrared Coronagraphic Imager (NICI), an adaptive optics (AO) coronagraph at Gemini South.

FY11 Plans Rajagopal plans to work on interpreting data from a high-resolution, mid-IR spectroscopic survey of a similar sample of southern stars with the Phoenix instrument on Gemini South, in collaboration with K. Hinkle (NOAO). Rajagopal is planning a systematic, high spatial resolution study of the clustering of Herbig-Ae/Be stars using the new Spartan IR camera, and possibly the soon-to-be commissioned optical ground layer AO system at SOAR.

NAVEEN A. REDDY, Research Associate (Hubble Fellow)

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; multiwavelength star formation indicators; stellar populations; evolution of the intergalactic medium at high redshift; feedback processes in starburst galaxies

FY10 Accomplishments Reddy published a large paper on the dust attenuation and metallicities of a large sample of typical star-forming galaxies at redshift z~2. Reddy recently finished a draft of a paper extending this analy-

93 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

sis based on newly acquired Herschel Telescope data. Reddy focused much of his research recently on an extensive analysis of the Lyman-alpha and interstellar absorption line properties of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and how such features correlate with UV slope, dust attenuation, metallicity, and bolometric luminosity. Reddy was awarded Spitzer Cycle 6 and Hubble Cycle 18 time to measure the stellar populations and stellar masses of a sample of z ~ 1.9 Lyman-alpha emitters, selected using KPNO/Mosaic imaging. Reddy is leading a faint spectroscopy program to follow up sub-L* galaxies at z ~ 2–3 to measure their redshifts, dust attenuation, and stellar populations. Reddy was awarded Spitzer Cycle 7 time to measure the stellar populations in galaxies that lie in the foreground to bright QSOs. The goal of this program is to measure the fundamental galaxy characteristics (e.g., star formation rate, stellar mass) responsible for modulating the outflows in high-redshift galaxies.

FY11 Plans Reddy‘s plans for FY11 include the acquisition, data reduction, and analysis of the data from the Spitzer Cycle 6 and 7 and Hubble Cycle 18 programs, as well as a detailed analysis of the properties of sub-L* galaxies based on his pilot spectroscopic survey of faint galaxies at z ~ 2-3.

STEPHEN T. RIDGWAY, Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar physics and exoplanetary systems; high contrast imaging; high angular resolution techniques; application of infrared methods to astronomy; synoptic survey strategy

FY10 Accomplishments Ridgway concentrated his research efforts in the area of optical interferometry, primarily with collaborators at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) and Keck observatories. He collaborated on several science papers based on measurements of stellar diameters and circumstellar material. He contributed several sections to the LSST Science book and coordinated the development of science-based metrics for synoptic survey scheduling.

FY11 Plans He plans to continue work in high angular resolution stellar measurements by interferometry and development of related measurement techniques. He also will continue work in development of LSST science operations scheduling tools.

SUSAN E. RIDGWAY, Assistant Astronomer

ABHIJIT SAHA, Astronomer (Interim KPNO Director, NOAO Associate Director as of 10 June 2010)

Research Interests Variable stars; stellar populations in nearby galaxies; distance scale; absolute calibration of Type Ia supernovae as distance indicators; galactic structure; assembly and star formation history in nearby galaxies

FY10 Accomplishments Saha continued to lead the NOAO ―Outer Limits‖ survey collaboration of the Magellanic Clouds, a research collaboration across several institutions. The observational and data reduction phase of this project was completed and reported in a publication, along with early results. Work on early data with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as a member of the Science Oversight Committee for that instrument led to papers on an assortment of topics as early demonstration of the science capability of that instrument.

94 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

FY11 Plans Saha will focus primarily on the analysis of data from the NOAO ―Outer Limits‖ survey. Additional observations to examine apparent contra-indications regarding the extent of the Large Magellanic Cloud from prior work by others will be carried out and analyzed. Work will ramp up on the HST treasury program on imaging of M31.

SIMON SCHULER, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; stellar physics; stellar abundances; Galactic chemical evolution; planetary host stars

FY10 Accomplishments Schuler continued his work on research projects focusing on open cluster abundances, Galactic chemical evolution, and chemical signatures of planetary host stars. Papers on the Fe abundances of Pleiades dwarfs and Li abundance scatter in the Pleiades were published. Schuler attended the 11th Conference on Nuclei in the Cosmos in Heidelberg, Germany, and presented the results of his research on CNO abundances in the Hyades open cluster. In conjunction with the conference, Schuler worked with collaborator N. Christlieb (University of Heidelberg) on 19F abundances of carbon- enhanced metal-poor stars; a paper is expected to be submitted for publication during FY11. Schuler‘s work on the formation and evolution of planetary systems continued with collaborators K. Cunha, V. Smith (NOAO), and L. Ghezzi (Observatório Nacional, Brazil), and resulted in one paper published and another submitted. Schuler mentored undergraduate student K. Hawkins (Ohio University) as part of the 2010 KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates program; Hawkins worked on the CNO abundances of dwarfs and giants in the open cluster NGC 752. Schuler attended the 215th Meeting of the AAS in Washington, DC, and presented the results of his work on 6Li/7Li ratios in stars with planets.

FY11 Plans Schuler will continue analyzing the large amount of data obtained during fiscal years 2007–2010. He will continue his work with a Pleiades long-term observing program, studying possible correlations between Li line strength and activity variations with the expectation of submitting at least two papers related to this project. Work with the CEMP star collaboration will also continue, focusing on completing the analysis of 19F in CEMP stars, with a paper expected in early FY11. Schuler also will continue to work on the abundances of open cluster dwarfs, including the CNO project in collaboration with J. King and L.-S. The (Clemson University), and on the abundances of exoplanetary host stars with K. Cunha, V. Smith, and L. Ghezzi. Also, in collaboration with S. Howell (NOAO), Schuler will continue to develop an observing program targeting planetary host stars discovered by the highly successful NASA Kepler Mission. Schuler plans to attend the 217th Meeting of the AAS in Seattle, WA, as well as a yet-to-be-determined conference.

RICHARD A. SHAW, Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of stellar evolution; planetary nebulae; Magellanic Clouds; astrophysical plasmas; variable and transient phenomena; astronomical software and data standards

FY10 Accomplishments Shaw completed a study of the physical and chemical properties of Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) planetary nebulae (PNe) and their central stars. With T.-H. Lee (Western Kentucky University), L. Stanghellini (NOAO), and others, Shaw derived the most accurate gas-phase abundances to date of a sample of SMC PNe using a combination of high-dispersion optical and space-based infrared (IR) spectra. Shaw and collaborators prepared the latest version of the FITS (v3.0) standard for publica-

95 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

tion. Shaw and collaborators A. Garcia Hernandez (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC), L. Stanghellini (NOAO) and others, reported on the discovery of fullerene molecules in four PNe, including one in the SMC. Fullerene had been detected previously in only one other PN, but the present study showed the variety of by-products in the formation process, including abundant hydrogen, that co-exist with the fullerenes. Shaw and collaborators A. Rest and G. Damke (Harvard University) continued a study of variability of LMC PNe and their central stars. The fraction of Galactic PNe with variable central stars (which is often a strong indicator of binarity) is unknown, and the LMC offers both a large and complete sample to address this question.

FY11 Plans Shaw will work in collaboration with A. Manchado and V. Luridiana (IAC) to update and extend the popular ―nebular‖ analysis package and to port it to a popular programming environment for distribution to the community. Shaw, with PI L. Stanghellini (NOAO) and others, will analyze an extensive imaging and IR spectroscopic survey of angularly small Galactic PNe using new HST images and Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectra in an effort to understand the earliest phase of PN evolution and, in particular, the evolution of dust properties. In collaboration with L. Stanghellini and T.-H. Lee, Shaw will complete a detailed abundance analysis of LMC PNe, which will greatly improve the accuracy of the extant chemical analyses of these objects.

WILLIAM H. SHERRY, Research Associate (50% NOAO)

Research Interests Young stars and clusters; variable stars; OB associations; extrasolar planets

FY10 Accomplishments Sherry, working with S. Howell (NOAO), participated in an ongoing program of speckle interferometric follow-up observations of Kepler extrasolar planet candidates. These ground-based observations are the best way to eliminate false-positives due to background eclipsing binaries that blended with foreground Kepler target stars in the 6-arcsecond Kepler point spread function (PSF). As part of this program, Sherry wrote an automated data processing and reduction pipeline which allowed him, S. Howell, and collaborators to completely reduce each night‘s speckle data at the telescope within 24 hours of the observations being made. This is critical for the Kepler follow-up program because targets eliminated by a 10-minute period of speckle observations do not need to have other, more time intensive, follow-up observations made. Sherry continued to work on the data reduction for his 7- square-degree optical and near-infrared survey of Orion OB1b. This survey aims to compare the observed spatial distribution of brown dwarfs with the spatial distributions predicted by several compet- ing models of brown dwarf formation.

FY11 Plans Sherry plans to complete the final modifications to his speckle data reduction pipeline. He also plans to complete his analysis of his Orion survey data. He intends to publish his Orion survey in late 2011, and he and S. Howell intend to publish the results of the 2009 and 2010 speckle observations in early 2011.

DAVID SILVA, Senior Scientist (Director, NOAO)

Research Interests Formation and evolution of early-type galaxies; extragalactic stellar populations; observatory operations; end-to-end data management systems

FY10 Accomplishments With various collaborators, Silva continued his long-term study of the coolest stellar components in early-type galaxies through observations of near-IR spectral features. In Astronomy & Astrophysics,

96 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

M. Lyubenova (European Southern Observatory/Garching) et al. confirmed the model-predicted age/metallicity dependencies of near-IR spectral features near 2 μm in Large Magellanic Cloud globular clusters except for CO, which becomes less strong in younger populations, contrary to predictions. We attributed this empirical effect to the presence of carbon giant stars and argued that the interpretation of CO index measurements from the integrated spectra of more distant systems is problematic at best. In a different area, Silva continued to collaborate with P. Massey (Lowell Obser- vatory) et al. in the study of evolved vs. unevolved high-mass stars in different environments throughout the Local Group. Their focus during FY10 was on obtaining optical spectroscopy for a large sample of unevolved OB stars in M31 and M33 using MMT/Hectospec. Working with S. Ho- well (NOAO/Tucson) et al., Silva also obtained optical spectroscopy to determine the physical properties of stars with exoplanet candidates discovered by Kepler in order to investigate how exoplanet properties are related to the physical properties for their parent stars. Finally, Silva is part of a Euro- pean collaboration to construct the ―X-Shooter Spectral Library‖ (XSL) a moderate resolution (R ~ 10,000), wide-wavelength (0.3–2.4 μm) digital stellar library broadly covering TZG parameter space. This work builds on the “Next Generation Spectral Library‖ (NGSL) previously constructed using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Very Large Telescope (VLT) by Silva and collaborators.

FY11 Plans H. Kuntschner (ESO/Garching) and Silva plan to finish and publish their investigation of the radial behavior of near-IR spectral features in early-type galaxies. With R. Hanuschik (ESO/Garching) and others, Silva will publish a digital library of high spectral resolving power spectra obtained with VLT/UVES for more than 300 NGSL stars previously observed at low spectral resolving power with HST STIS. If a complete sample is obtained, an analysis of the Massey et al. M31 and M33 spectroscopy will be published. Data collection will continue for the XSL and Kepler follow-up programs described above.

MALCOLM G. SMITH, Astronomer

Research Interests Global environmental impact of light pollution; galaxy and quasar formation and evolution

FY10 Accomplishments Following on from his invited article in ―Nature‖ at the beginning of the International Year of As- tronomy 2009 (IYA2009), Smith continued work on increasing research cooperation between astronomers and biologists in the protection of the nighttime environment. With the EPO group at CTIO, he has been working with schools in the Los Vilos area of IV Región de Coquimbo, Chile, in the use of Sky Quality Meters to measure and document night-sky brightness from inside the only Ramsar wetlands site in the Coquimbo Region. Smith was awarded a second distinction by the Municipality of Vicuna ―for his decisive support of the construction and functioning of the Cerro Mamalluca Ob- servatory.‖ He also was awarded a distinction by the XIIth International Amateur Astronomy Con- gress in recognition ―of his outstanding work in Astronomy teaching and outreach in the Coquimbo Region.‖ The Chilean Astronomical Society (SOCHIAS) awarded one of two of its distinctions for 2010 (the first in their series) for Smith‘s ―outstanding contribution…to Chilean Astronomy.‖ He was awarded an IYA2009 certificate of appreciation by the International Astronomical Union. Smith was also awarded one of three diplomas at the International Light Pollution Seminar in Antofagasta in August 2010 ―for his distinguished trajectory in the protection and care of the night sky.‖ The UNESCO World Heritage Committee included a contribution by Smith on the AURA Observatories in Chile in its thematic study of Astronomy and World Heritage. The thematic study was adopted by UNESCO—as an acceptable framework for future World Scientific Heritage proposals—at a meeting in Brasilia in August 2010.

97 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

FY11 Plans Smith will be taking a first step towards retirement, moving to half-time status with NOAO, as of the beginning of FY11. He expects to work on a long-term project directly with biologists and other astronomers that will be aimed at characterizing and mitigating the ecological consequences of artificial night lighting in the regions around several major observatories as a contribution to the UNESCO ―Astronomy and World Heritage Initiative.‖ This work will aid in the long-term protection of these observatories against light pollution, thereby gaining decades of additional, useful scientific life for each of them. Smith expects to continue his work with several collaborators on exploration of the environment around quasars and different types of galaxies; he has been involved in providing samples for spectroscopy of faint, high-redshift quasars with 8-m-class telescopes. He also expects to work with collaborators on writing up the data he has helped obtain over the last decade as part of the Chandra Multi-wavelength Project (CHAMP).

R. CHRIS SMITH, Astronomer (Associate Director for CTIO; AURA Head of Mission in Chile)

Research Interests Supernovae; optical transients; supernova remnants; the interstellar medium

FY10 Accomplishments During FY10, Smith continued his participation in the study of light echoes of Galactic supernovae discovered by a large-scale observational project targeted at young, Galactic supernova remnants (Rest et al., 2008, ApJL; Rest et al., 2010, ApJ submitted). Smith also continued participation in a new NOAO survey led by A. Saha (NOAO), the Outer Limits Survey (OLS), to investigate the stellar populations at the extremities of the Magellanic Clouds (Saha et al., 2010, AJ in press). Finally, Smith‘s initial leadership and later continued participation in the efforts to define effective calibration methods for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) resulted in the publication of a paper on atmospheric extinction (Burke et al., 2010, ApJ, 720, 811).

FY11 Plans Smith will continue his participation in various NOAO survey projects, wrapping up work on OLS and working to get the results of the SuperMACHO and ESSENCE surveys into the NOAO Science Archive. He also plans to push forward in mining the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) data set, extracting new samples of supernova remnants and planetary nebulae, and investigating the evolution of these objects. He will continue to participate in the search for light echoes from ancient supernovae, in particular in our own Galaxy. Smith is also participating in the supernova working groups for both the Dark Energy Survey, due to start in September 2012, and the LSST.

VERNE V. SMITH, Astronomer (Associate Director for NOAO System Science Center)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; cosmochemistry; nuclear astrophysics; chemical evolution; stellar populations; stellar atmospheres; stellar evolution; planet-hosting stars

FY10 Accomplishments Research efforts in FY10 included detailed chemical abundance studies of a large sample of stars (including dwarfs, subgiants, and giants) consisting of both stars with and without known planetary systems. On another front, Smith was involved in a number of studies of stellar populations within possible tidal streams that originate from captures of small galaxies; these include the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and streams from the captured remnant system omega Centauri.

FY11 Plans Smith‘s goals in FY11 will be to continue probing the chemistry of stars with planets by including spectroscopy of the stellar-hosts of transiting planetary systems found by the Kepler mission. In addi-

98 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

tion, abundance studies will be carried out for red giants lying within obscured regions of the inner Galaxy, in the inner disk and the bar, as well as the Galactic center (these studies utilize high- resolution near-infrared spectra). Smith‘s participation in the Apache Point Galactic Evolution Expe- riment (APOGEE), which is part of the third extension of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS III), will increase in April 2011 when the APOGEE near-IR multi-object spectrograph will begin its commissioning phase on the Sloan 2.5-m telescope.

DAVID SPRAYBERRY, Senior Scientist (Head of Program, NOAO System Technology Center)

Research Interests Instrumentation and observing techniques; galaxy formation and evolution; properties of QSOs and AGNs; early universe

FY10 Accomplishments Within the NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC), Sprayberry led the System Instrumentation (SI) Program‘s efforts to implement the first year of funding under the ReSTAR program. SI entered into a partnership with The Ohio State University (OSU) to build a modified version of OSU‘s recent OSMOS instrument, to be called KOSMOS, for the Kitt Peak Mayall 4-m telescope. KOSMOS passed its design review and the construction effort just got underway at the end of FY10. SI also nearly completed by the end of FY10 an upgrade of the detectors and controllers for the Mosaic-1 prime focus imaging camera for the Mayall 4-m telescope, funded under the ReSTAR program. Sprayberry led SI‘s successful efforts to secure a second year of funding, in the amount of $3.9M, for ReSTAR implementation; this award was received as FY10 ended. Sprayberry oversaw SI‘s efforts on the SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM); the main Adaptive Optics module was integrated in the lab with the Laser Guide Star (LGS) system and the wavefront sensor needed for use with the LGS. The entire system will be ready for deployment at the SOAR telescope early in FY11. The design phase for the TORRENT detector controller, a miniaturized version of the MONSOON system, was completed and the Production Readiness Review was held in August under Sprayberry‘s guid- ance. Finally, Sprayberry continued acting as AURA Technical Representative in AURA‘s funding of technology risk reduction for the Giant Magellan Telescope as an Alternative GMST Technology program.

FY11 Plans Sprayberry plans to lead the efforts for building and deploying the KOSMOS spectrograph at Kitt Peak. Delivery of that instrument is currently expected in August 2011. Sprayberry also plans to lead the effort to construct a copy of KOSMOS, to be called COSMOS, for the CTIO 4-m telescope, with part of the second year of ReSTAR funding. COSMOS is planned for deployment in FY12, but all of the components will be purchased or made in FY11 in parallel with KOSMOS. The second year of ReSTAR funding will also enable launch of a three-year program to build a near-infrared spectrograph called TripleSpec for the CTIO 4-m telescope in partnership with Cornell University. Sprayber- ry plans to oversee the deployment and commissioning of the complete SAM system at the SOAR telescope during FY11.

LETIZIA STANGHELLINI, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar structure and evolution; Galactic and extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe); stellar populations

FY10 Accomplishments Stanghellini and M. Haywood (Observatoire de Paris) analyzed the Galactic structure based on its planetary nebula (PN) population, finding the alpha-element radial metallicity gradients evolving with the age of the population. Stanghellini, L. Magrini (Arcetri), and collaborators obtained gradient variation also in the external galaxy M81, based on MMT fiber spectroscopy. Stanghellini, R. Shaw

99 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

(NOAO), and collaborators have acquired ~60 WFC3/HST images of Galactic compact PNe from the same target base of their Spitzer/IRS spectra, with the intent of completing the morphology/central stars/dust correlative analysis as already achieved in the Magellanic Clouds. Stanghellini with A. Manchado, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), were selected as Chairs of the next Internation- al Astronomical Union symposium on PNe to be held in 2011. Stanghellini with A. Garcia-Hernandez (IAC) and collaborators detected fullerene emission in four PNe, including the first extragalactic detection of fullerene.

FY11 Plans Stanghellini plans to complete the analysis of 157 spectra of Galactic compact PNe acquired with Spitzer/IRS and publish the spectral atlas. Stanghellini with Magrini (Arcetri) are looking for metallicity gradients in galaxy NGC 2403 to extend/confirm the radial gradient evolution observed in other face-on spiral galaxies. Stanghellini with Shaw (NOAO) and others is analyzing the WFC3 images of Galactic PNe to search for correlations between the intrinsic dust properties and the nebular morphology, and the properties of the central stars. Stanghellini, Manchado (IAC), and A. C. González-García (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) will further explore the properties of intracluster stellar populations with a series of new, dry merger models to extend the parameter space of their previous results.

STEPHEN STROM, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Formation of stars and planetary systems

FY10 Accomplishments Strom continued research aimed at understanding the evolution of disks surrounding stars spanning a range of masses as part of a larger effort to diagnose the signatures of planet building in those disks. In collaboration with S. Wolff (NOAO) and L. Rebull (Spitzer Science Center), Strom completed a study of the intermediate- and high-mass stars in the young, rich, star-forming complex IC 1805, ―The Evolution of Disks Surrounding Intermediate Masss Stars: IC 1805,‖ which was accepted for publication by ApJ. These authors established both the frequency and character of circumstellar disks associated with intermediate- and high-mass stars by combining optical photometry and spectroscopy with mid-IR Spitzer photometry. They find that optically thick accretion disks among stars with masses between 2 and 4 solar masses are rare (~2% of members) and are absent among more massive stars. A larger fraction (~10%) of stars with masses between 2 and 4 solar masses appear to be surrounded by disks that have evolved from the initial, optically thick accretion phase. The authors identify four classes of such disks. These classes are based on spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of excess emsission above photospheric levels: disks that are (1) optically thin based on the magnitude of the observed excess emission from 2 to 24 μm, (2) optically thin in their inner regions (r < 20 AU) and optically thick in their outer regions. (3) exhibit empty inner regions (r < 10 AU) and optically thin emission in their outer regions, and (4) exhibit empty inner regions and optically thick outer regions. They discuss various mechanisms for producing these SEDs and conclude that stars in category (2) are likely forming Jovian mass planets.

FY11 Plans In collaboration with Wolff, Rebull, J. Najita (NOAO), and J. Muzerolle (STScI), Strom will continue to examining the characteristics of disks associated with stars of much lower mass (masses between 0.1 and 0.5 solar masses). They are currently analyzing a large dataset comprising optical photometry, MOS from WIYN, and Spitzer mid-IR photometry with the aim of assessing changes in the frequency distribution of disk properties between regions of age ~1 Myr with those in IC 348 (~2–4 Myr).

100 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

JOHN P. SUBASAVAGE, JR., Postdoc Research Associate (SMARTS Fellow, 50% SMARTS)

Research Interests Nearby stars; white dwarfs; exoplanets around post-main-sequence hosts

FY10 Accomplishments Subasavage remained actively involved with the trigonometric parallax program at the CTIO 0.9-m telescope (CTIOPI). This included observing a total of 18 nights over four observing runs and reducing numerous parallaxes (in particular for white dwarf targets) to be published when a sufficient number of targets are completed. The CTIOPI team, of which Subasavage is a senior member, published two parallax papers this fiscal year. Subasavage acted as mentor to a 2010 Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program student (Conor Sayres) and directed a project to identify new nearby white dwarfs (within 25 pc). This project made use of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database to identify three new systems within 25 pc (including two within 15 pc). The findings were presented by Sayres and Subasavage at the August 2010 European White Dwarf Workshop (EUROWD) conference in Tübingen, Germany.

FY11 Plans Subasavage will continue with the CTIOPI effort. In addition, related to both Sayres‘ project and a new collaboration project, Subasavage will continue to identify new nearby white dwarfs to be added to the parallax program to confirm proximity and ultimately lead to a complete, volume-limited sample. Subasavage has formed a recent collaboration to determine a precise orbital period for a halo dwarf carbon (dC) star plus white dwarf system in the solar neighborhood. The expectation from this is to better understand binary evolution, in particular with respect to this very rare phenomenon.

ANDREI TOKOVININ, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Statistics and origin of multiple stars; astronomical instrumentation; adaptive optics; site testing

FY10 Accomplishments As a project scientist, Tokovinin worked on the SOAR Adaptive Module instrument (SAM) (mainly on its laser system), which is now close to acceptance tests and deployment at the telescope. He also is developing the new echelle spectrometer for exoplanet research, CHIRON, supported by the NSF Major Research Instrumentation grant to D. Fischer (San Francisco State University). Tokovinin has conducted two observational programs aimed at obtaining complete multiplicity statistics of nearby stars. One project is the Adaptive-Optics (AO) survey of wide binaries at Gemini South with the NICI instrument, which resulted in the discovery of six new resolved sub-systems. The second project is a complete census of wide low-mass companions by combining new observations with 2MASS archival data.

FY11 Plans Tokovinin will lead the commissioning of SAM, with the goal of starting science operation in FY11. The deployment and commissioning of CHIRON will be done in FY11 as well, offering a state-of-the art echelle spectrometer to the NOAO community. Tokovinin will continue his observational programs on multiple stars: AO survey at Gemini South, radial-velocity monitoring, and speckle interferometry at SOAR.

FRANCISCO VALDES, Scientist

Research Interests Cosmology; gravitational lensing; stellar spectroscopy; search for solar system objects; astronomical software

101 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

FY10 Accomplishments During FY10, Valdes began a sabbatical to study data mining and catalog moving of lensed sources in public NOAO Mosaic Camera data. During this sabbatical, he developed automated moving object detection software that was incorporated in the NOAO Mosaic Pipeline and applied to a large number of exposures to build a database of sources seen in general primary investigator exposures. He inter- rupted his sabbatical to design and develop the architecture for the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) Tier 1 pipeline, which was presented to Indiana University and various review panels with positive results. Valdes continued leading a team developing science pipelines for the NOAO Mosaic imagers and the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field Infrared Mosaic imager (NEWFIRM). In FY10, he took on the role of NOAO Pipeline Scientist for the CTIO Dark Energy Camera (DECam) Community Pipeline (CP) being developed at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and participated in a design review of this deliverable.

FY11 Plans Valdes‘ primary activities in FY11 will be developing a pipeline for the ODI imager and supporting the installation and testing of the NCSA DECam CP. Both imagers are trying to reach the commissioning phase in FY11. In his research, Valdes plans to work with an NOAO team to participate in addressing some scientific needs of the LSST project. If time allows, he will continue work on the moving and lensed object science he began during his sabbatical.

NICOLE S. VAN DER BLIEK, Scientist (Deputy Director, CTIO)

Research Interests Instrumentation; young stars and cool stars

FY10 Accomplishments Van der Bliek led the second phase of the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) project, the development of the Laser Guide Star (LGS) system, from design through fabrication to integration. First light in the laboratory, with the SAM Main Module in LGS mode was obtained in August, and the adaptive optics (AO) loop was successfully closed. In addition, integration and testing of the remainder of the LGS system was begun. Van der Bliek continued her collaboration with B. Rodgers (Gemini Observatory), S. Thomas (Lick Observatory), and G. Doppmann (NOAO) on multiplicity of Herbig Ae/Be stars, a spectroscopic and photometric study of a large sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars to detect close companions and investigate their properties. The collaboration observed 143 stars, of which 70 are very likely to be binaries or multiples, with a total of 103 likely companions. Together with T. Prusti, L. Spezzi and S. Vincente (ESTEC/ESA), van der Bliek started the analysis of near infrared (NIR) and optical data of the dark cloud Musca, as well as NIR data of some areas in the starforming region IC2118. A pilot study based on data for two pointings in Musca suggests that the number of young stars in this cloud is much higher than previously thought.

FY11 Plans Van der Bliek will continue her collaboration with Rodgers, Thomas, and Doppmann to study the multiplicity of Herbig Ae/Be stars. She will also pursue one or more projects resulting from this survey, such as a detailed study of the Herbig Be binary HD 76534, which consists of two B stars, and the Herbig Ae binary HK Ori, which has at least three Herbig Haro objects associated with it. Van der Bliek will also continue to work with Prusti, Spezzi and Vincente on NIR and optical data of Musca and IC2118. More data will be obtained to create extinction maps of these regions and identify young stellar objects.

102 KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

ALISTAIR R. WALKER, Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar populations; the Magellanic Clouds; the distance scale; astronomical instrumentation

FY10 Accomplishments Under the leadership of R. O‘Connell (University of Virginia), the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (HST WFC3) Science Oversight Committee, of which Walker is a member, began the analysis of 200 orbits of HST observations of both nearby and distant galaxies, with the aim of demonstrating the scientific capabilities of the new panchromatic camera. Papers were published on supernova remnants and planetary nebulae in M83 and NGC 4214, star clusters in M83, star formation in NGC 3603, and UV-dropout galaxies. With a variety of collaborators, work continued on studying aspects of the resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies and galactic globular clusters, with papers published on the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy and several clusters.

FY11 Plans Walker will complete the analysis of HST WFC3 data obtained to demonstrate the camera performance (R. O‘Connell P.I., U. Virginia) and to determine sensitivity of the specialist filters to stellar abundances (J. Holtzman P.I., New Mexico State University). He will continue to lead the analysis of deep Blanco CCD photometry for a number of galactic globular clusters, collaborating on this and associated studies, including deep photometry of fields in the LMC and SMC, with A. Kunder (CTIO), G. Bono (Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy), M. Monelli and C. Gallart (Astrofísica de Canarias, Spain), P. Stetson (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Canada), and others. In a long-term project with J. Nemec (Victoria, Canada) and Y-B Jeon (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Korea), Walker will continue to monitor secular period changes in the RR Lyrae populations of several Large Magellanic Cloud globular clusters.

CONSTANCE E. WALKER, Associate Scientist (Senior Science Education Specialist)

Research Interests Dark skies preservation issues; modeling ground light propagation through the atmosphere; monitoring light pollution locally and near observatories

FY10 Accomplishments Walker was elected to the Board of Directors for the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP). She was invited to chair the International Dark-Skies Association (IDA) Education Committee. She continued to chair the national and global International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) Dark Skies Awareness cornerstone project working groups, with most of the project‘s programs continuing beyond IYA2009. The working groups were awarded IDA‘s Executive Director‘s Award for their efforts. Walker directed the fifth annual worldwide GLOBE at Night campaign promoting social awareness of the importance of a dark sky, with record numbers of light pollution measurements. Walker trained and supervised six undergraduate assistants to provide local astronomy, optics, and physics outreach at a Boys & Girls Club (weekly), dark skies sessions at an environmental center, star parties, school and museum science nights, in-class visits, etc, totaling a few hundred hours for thousands of children and adults. The undergraduate assistants supported at least six events for the Tohono O‘odham, which included a star party at Schuk Toak Day and a week-long astronomy camp at the Sells Recreation Center. Walker gave oral presentations on GLOBE at Night and IYA Dark Skies Awareness at nine major conferences, as well as a number of workshops on GLOBE at Night and the new Dark Skies Rangers activities. Creative training on dark skies education included a 2-week online forum for museum educators, a teleconference with 190 amateur astronomers, and podcasts with the ―Dark Skies Crusader.‖ Paper highlights include a feature story in Physics Today titled ―Lighting and Astronomy,‖ a Focal Point article in Sky and Telescope, and four proceedings articles on optics and dark skies education for SPIE and ASP.

103 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

FY11 Plans Walker will continue to concentrate on educational outreach in Arizona and Chile, focusing on dark sky education programs and building on the legacy of the IYA Dark Skies Awareness cornerstone project. She will enhance the dark skies education program locally at the Cooper Center for Environ- mental Learning. She will begin planning a school program that uses the GLOBE at Night data for comparison of the effects of light pollution on astronomy, human health, wildlife, energy, cost, etc. This would include extending Sky Quality Meter measurements at nature centers and near observatories in Chile and the Tucson area. With the help of M. Newhouse (NOAO), she will evolve the GLOBE at Night program to make it run autonomously at NOAO (assuming ESRI‘s data taking and map-making role). To optimize the data taking process and minimize input errors in location, she and Newhouse will investigate the use of cell phones and iPads to collect GLOBE at Night data. Her goal is to make GLOBE at Night more of a year-round program.

LLOYD WALLACE, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Planetary atmospheric structure, stellar atmospheres

FY10 Accomplishments Wallace, along with several scientists from the University of Liege, Belgium, completed the work on the spectral atlas obtained with the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment. The atlas covers the range 700–4430 cm-1 at a higher signal-to-noise ratio than previous work. Ram (University of Arizona) with Wallace and Bernath (York University) completed detailed analyses of the Red bands of CN in the primary atomic mass form 12C14N as well as the secondary form 13C14N.

FY11 Plans Wallace is reviewing previous analyses of the infrared bands of C2 for possible modifications due to changes in the frequency calibration of the Fourier Transform Spectra. So far, it appears that no modifications are needed. Wallace also is working with Livingston (National Solar Observatory) in a review of solar spectra in narrow bands around the H and K lines of Ca II. The spectra, taken by White (High Altitude Observatory) and Livingston starting in 1974, show weak emission lines mostly of the rare earth ions Cerium II, Lanthanum II and Dysprosium II. The objective is to test for intrinsic long- term variation.

SIDNEY CARNE WOLFF, Astronomer Emerita

Research Interests Star formation; evolution of disks around pre-main sequence stars; astronomy education research

FY10 Accomplishments A paper with S. Strom and L. Rebull (IPAC) describing the time scale for the evolution of disks around intermediate-mass stars in the young association IC 1805 was accepted by the Astrophysical Journal. The paper discusses the various physical processes that might account for the diversity of observed spectral energy distributions and suggests tests to distinguish among the various possibili- ties.

FY11 Plans Wolff and S. Strom, plan to extend their studies to intermediate-mass stars in the North American Nebula and to lower-mass stars in IC 348 in order to further constrain models of the evolution of circumstellar disks.

104

C NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

NOAO Scientific Staff were authors and/or editors on a total of 269 publications in FY10. 

Abbott, T.M.C., … Walker, A.R., Gregory, B., Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7733, ed. Stepp, L.M., Gilmozzi, R., Hall, J.H. (SPIE), p. 773345, ―Improving the Blanco Telescope‘s Delivered Image Quality‖

Abia, C., Cunha, K., … Hinkle, K., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, L94, ―Fluorine Abundances in Galactic Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars‖

Abt, H. 2009, PASP, 121, 1291, ―Reviewing and Revision Times for The Astrophysical Journal‖

Abt, H. 2009, PASP, 121, 1307, ―Stellar Rotation Versus Duplicity in Open Cluster Early-type Stars‖

Abt, H.A. 2010, PASP, 122, 1015, ―The Origin of the Exoplanets‖

Abt, H.A. 2010, PASP, 122, 955, ―Have We Reached a Maximum Astronomical Research Output?‖

Ali, B., … Allen, L., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L119, ―Predicted Colors and Flux Densities of Protostars in the Herschel PACS and SPIRE Filters‖

Antonik, M., … Abbott, T., … Walker, A., et al. 2009, SPIE Proc. 7433, ed. José Sasián, Richard N. Youngworth (SPIE), 74330M, ―The Design and Alignment of the DECam Lenses and Modeling of the Static Shear Pattern and Its Impact on Weak Lensing Measurements‖

Arion, D., … Pompea, S., et al. 2010, Amateur Astronomy, 67, ―Galileoscopes for All‖

Austermann, J., … Pope, A., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 160, ―AzTEC Half Square Degree Survey of the SHADES Fields - I. Maps, Catalogues and Source Counts‖

Baines, E., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1365, ―Angular Diameters and Effective Tempera- tures of 25 K Giant Stars from the CHARA Array‖

Baines, E.K., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 167, ―Ruling Out Possible Secondary Stars to Exoplanet Host Stars Using the CHARA Array‖

Balestra, I., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A12, ―The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/VIMOS Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field: Part II‖

Bañados, E., Hung, L-W., De Propris, R., West, M.J. 2010, ApJ, 721, L14, ―The Faint End of the Galaxy Luminosity Function in A1689: A Steep Red Faint End Upturn at z = 0.18‖

Basri, G., … Howell, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L155, ―Photometric Variability in Kepler Target Stars: The Sun among Stars—A First Look‖

 Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Expe- riences for Undergraduates (REU) program or Practica de Investigación en Astronomía (PIA) program

105 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Batalha, N.M., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L103, ―Pre-spectroscopic False-Positive Elimina- tion of Kepler Planet Candidates‖

Beccari, G., … Saha, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1108, ―Progressive Star Formation in the Young Galactic Super Star Cluster NGC 3603‖

Beerer, I.M., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 679, ―A Spitzer View of Star Formation in the Cygnus X North Complex‖

Bono, G., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, L74, ―On a New Near-Infrared Method to Estimate the Absolute Ages of Star Clusters: NGC 3201 as a First Test Case‖

Bono, G., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 651, ―On the Stellar Content of the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy‖

Boroson, T.A., Lauer, T.R. 2010, AJ, 140, 390, ―Exploring the Spectral Space of Low Redshift QSOs‖

Borucki, W., … Howell, S., … Sherry, W., et al. 2010, Science, 327, 977, ―Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results‖

Borucki, W.J., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L126, ―Kepler-4b: A Hot Neptune-like Planet of a G0 Star Near Main-Sequence Turnoff‖

Bressert, E., … Allen, L., et al. 2010, MNRAS, L143, ―The Spatial Distribution of Star Formation in the Solar Neighbourhood: Do All Stars Form in Dense Clusters?‖

Bruntt, H., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A55, ―The Radius and Effective Temperature of the Binary Ap β CrB from CHARA/FLUOR and VLT/NACO Observations‖

Brusa, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 348, ―The XMM-Newton Wide-Field Survey in the Cosmos Field (XMM-COSMOS): Demography and Multiwavelength Properties of Obscured and Un- obscured Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei‖

Burke, D.L., … Claver, C., … Saha, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 811, ―Precision Determination of Atmospheric Extinction at Optical and Near-Infrared Wavelengths‖

Burke, D.L., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7737, ed. D.R. Silva, A. Peck, B.T. Soifer (SPIE), 77371D, ―Calibration of the LSST Instrumental and Atmospheric Photometric Passbands‖

Bussmann, R., Dey, A. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 461, ―HST Morphologies of z ~ 2 Dust Obscured Galaxies‖

Bussmann, R., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 184, ―Infrared Luminosities and Dust Properties of z ≈ 2 Dust-Obscured Galaxies‖

Cahoy, K., … Ridgway, S., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7440, ed. S. Shaklan (SPIE), 74400G, ―Science Performance of the Pupil-Mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO)‖

Calamida, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1277, ―Strömgren Photometry of Galactic Globular Clusters. II. Metallicity Distribution of Red Giants in ω Centauri‖

106 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Cappellari, M., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, L34, ―Dynamical Masses of Early-Type Galaxies at z ~ 2: Are they Truly Superdense?‖

Carilli, C.L., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1407, ―Imaging the Molecular Gas in a Submilli- meter Galaxy at z = 4.05: Cold Mode Accretion or a Major Merger?‖

Carlberg, J., … Smith, V., Cunha, K., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 408, ―A New Spin on Red Giant Rapid Rotators: Evidence for Chemical Exchange between Planets and Evolved Stars‖

Casey, C., … Pope, A., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 400, 670, ―A Search for Neutral Carbon towards Two z = 4.05 Submillimetre Galaxies, GN20 and GN20.2‖

Cassata, P., … Dickinson, M., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L79, ―The Morphology of Passively Evolving Galaxies at z ~ 2 from Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 Deep Imaging in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field‖

Castellano, M., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, A&A, 511, A20, ―Evidence of a Fast Evolution of the UV Luminosity Function beyond Redshift 6 from a Deep HAWK-I Survey of the GOODS-S Field‖

Chandar, R., … Saha, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 966, ―The Luminosity, Mass, and Age Distributions of Compact Star Clusters in M83 Based on Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 Observations‖

Chapin, E., Pope, A., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1793, ―An AzTEC 1.1mm Survey of the GOODS-N Field - II. Multiwavelength Identifications and Redshift Distribution‖

Chemical Abundances in the Universe, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cam- bridge), 2010.

Chou, M.-Y., … Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, L5, ―The Chemical Evolution of the Monoceros Ring/Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure‖

Chou, M.-Y., Cunha, K., … Smith, V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1290, ―A Two Micron All Sky Survey View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. VI. s-Process and Titanium Abundance Variations along the Sa- gittarius Stream‖

Coppin, K., Pope, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 503, ―Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Candidate Active Galactic Nuclei-Dominated Submillimeter Galaxies‖

Coppin, K., Pope, A., et al. 2010, Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation, eds. V. Debattista and C. Popescu (AIP), 80, ―Starburst or AGN Dominance in Submillimetre-luminous Candi- date AGN?‖

Coppin, K.E.K., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 407, L103, ―Detection of Molecular Gas in a Distant Submillimetre Galaxy at z = 4.76 with Australia Telescope Compact Array‖

Correia, S., Zinnecker, H., Ridgway, S.T., McCaughrean, M.J. 2009, A&A, 505, 673, ―The H2 Velocity Structure of Inner Knots in HH 212: Asymmetries and Rotation‖

107 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Coughlin, J.L., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 776, ―Modeling Multi-wavelength Stellar Astrometry. I. SIM Lite Observations of Interacting Binaries‖

Crighton, N., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 1273, ―Galaxies at a Redshift of ~0.5 around Three Closely Spaced Quasar Sightlines‖

Cunha, K. 2010, IAU Symp. 268, eds. C. Charbonnel, et al. (Cambridge), 243, ―Boron Abundances in the Galactic Disk‖

Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 333, ―Manganese Abundances in the Globular Cluster ω Centauri‖

Cunha, K., Spite, M., Barbuy, B. 2010, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cam- bridge), ―Chemical Abundances in the Universe: Connecting First Stars to Planets‖

Daddi, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 686, ―Very High Gas Fractions and Extended Gas Reservoirs in z = 1.5 Disk Galaxies‖

Daddi, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L118, ―Different Star Formation Laws for Disks Versus Starbursts at Low and High Redshifts‖

Daflon, S., Cunha, K., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1577, ―Sulfur Abundances in the Orion Association B Stars‖

Daflon, S., Cunha, K., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 358, ―Sulfur Abundances in Orion B Stars‖

Dawson, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1271, ―An Intensive Hubble Space Telescope Survey for z > 1 Type Ia Supernovae by Targeting Galaxy Clusters‖

De Propris, R., Harrison, C.D., Mares, P.J. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1582, ―Mapping the Galactic Halo with Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Two-Degree Field Quasar Redshift Survey‖

De Propris, R., Rich, R.M., Mallery, R.C. Howard, C.D. 2010, ApJ, 714, L249, ―A Radial Velocity and Calcium Triplet Abundance Survey of Field Small Magellanic Cloud Giants‖

De Propris, R., Christlein, D. 2009, Astron.Nachr., 330, 943, ―A Composite K-Band Luminosity Function for Cluster Galaxies‖

De Propris, R., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 794, ―An Upper Limit to the Dry Merger Rate at ~ 0.55‖

De Young, D. 2010, ApJ, 710, 743, ―How Does Radio AGN Feedback Feed Back?‖

De Young, D. 2010, Proceedings of Astroinformatics 2010, ed. G. Djorgovski, ―New Science—A View from the VO Perspective‖

Dey, A., et al. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 411, ―The Pedigrees of DOGs (Dust- Obscured Galaxies)‖

Di Cecco, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 527, ―On the ∆ V HB bump Parameter in Globular Clusters‖

108 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Di Cecco, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 991, ―On the Absolute Age of the Globular Cluster M92‖

Di Stefano, R., Howell, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 142, ―A Search for Asteroids, Moons, and Rings Orbiting White Dwarfs‖

Diehl, H.T., Abbott, T.M.C., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77353I, ―Testing the Dark Energy Camera on a Telescope Simulator‖

Digby-North, J.A., … Reddy, N.A., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 407, 846, ―Excess AGN Activity in the z = 2.30 Protocluster in HS 1700+64‖

Dokter, E.F.C., Pompea, S.M., Sparks, R.T., Walker, C.E. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7783, ed. G. Groot Gregory (SPIE), 778309, ―The Development of Formative Assessment Probes for Optics Education‖

Dopita, M., … Saha, A., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 964, ―Supernova Remnants and the Interstellar Medium of M83: Imaging and Photometry with the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope‖

Dopita, M.A., … Saha, A., Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, Ap&SS, 330, 123, ―Supernova Remnants, Planetary Nebulae and the Distance to NGC 4214‖

Drory, N., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2009, ApJ, 707, 1595, ―The Bimodal Galaxy Stellar Mass Function in the COSMOS Survey to z ~ 1: A Steep Faint End and a New Galaxy Dichotomy‖

Dunham, E.W., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L136, ―Kepler-6b: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-Rich Star‖

Eisenhardt, P. … Dey, A., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2455, ―Ultracool Field Brown Dwarf Candidates Selected at 4.5 μm‖

Elbaz, D., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L29, ―Herschel Unveils a Puzzling Uniformity of Distant Dusty Galaxies‖

Els, S.G., Abbott, T.M.C., … Berdja, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7733, ed. L.M. Stepp, R. Gilmozzi, Helen J. Hall (SPIE), 77333X, ―Monitoring of the Environmental Conditions inside the Dome of the 4m Telescope at CTIO‖

Erb, D.K., … Reddy, N.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1168, ―Physical Conditions in a Young, Unreddened, Low-Metallicity Galaxy at High Redshift‖

Estrada, J., … Abbott, T., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77351R, ―Focal Plane Detectors for Dark Energy Camera (DECam)‖

Farrington, C.D., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2308, ―Separated Fringe Packet Observations with the CHARA Array. I. Methods and New Orbits for χ Draconis, HD 184467, and HD 198084‖

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P.R. 2010, AJ, 139, 1315, ―Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. VIII. Orbits for Three S-Type Systems: AE Arae, Y Coronae Australis, and SS 73-147‖

109 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Finkelstein, S.L., … Reddy, N.A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1250, ―On the Stellar Populations and Evolution of Star-forming Galaxies at 6.3 < z <= 8.6‖

Fiorentino, G., … Lauer, T., Saha, A., Mighell, K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 817, ―RR Lyrae Variables in M32 and the Disk of M31‖

Fiorentino, G., … Lauer, T.R., Saha, A., Mighell, K.J., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 262, eds. G. Bruzual and S. Charlot (Cambridge), 333, ―M32: Is there an Ancient and Metal-Poor Stellar Population?‖

Fiorentino, G., … Saha, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 808, ―Multi-Epoch Hubble Space Telescope Observa- tions of IZw18: Characterization of Variable Stars at Ultra-low Metallicities‖

Fischer, W.J., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L122, ―Herschel-PACS Imaging of Protostars in the HH 1-2 Outflow Complex‖

Flaugher, B.L., Abbott, T.M.C., … Smith, R.C., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77350D, ―Status of the Dark Energy Survey Camera (DECam) Project‖

Furness, J.P., … Blum, R., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 1433, ―Mid-Infrared Diagnostics of Metal-Rich HII Regions from VLT and Spitzer Spectroscopy of Young Massive Stars in W31‖

Garcia-Hernandez, D.A., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 144, ―Oxygen Isotopic Ratios in Cool R Coronae Borealis Stars‖

Garg, A., … Olsen, K., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 328, ―High-Amplitude δ-Scutis in the Large Magellanic Cloud‖

Ghezzi, L., Cunha, K., … Smith, V., … Schuler, S., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 432, ―Stellar Parameters for a Sample of Stars with Planets‖

Ghezzi, L., Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., … Schuler, S.C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1290, ―Stellar Parameters and Metallicities of Stars Hosting Jovian and Neptunian Mass Planets: A Possible Dependence of Plane- tary Mass on Metallicity‖

Glikman, E., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1498, ―The Faint End of the Quasar Luminosity Function at z ~ 4‖

Gogarten, S.M., … Olsen, K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 858, ―The Advanced Camera for Surveys Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury. V. Radial Star Formation History of NGC 300‖

González-García, A., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1589, ―The Intergalactic Stellar Population from Mergers of Elliptical Galaxies with Dark Matter Halos‖

Gressler, W.J., … Saha, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7739, eds. E. Atad-Ettedgui and D. Lemke (SPIE), 77381P, ―Calibration Dome Screen for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope‖

Greve, T.R., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 483, ―A LABOCA Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South—Submillimeter Properties of Near-Infrared Selected Galaxies‖

110 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Güdel, M., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2010, A&A, 519, A113, ―On the Origin of [Ne II] 12.81 μm Emission from Pre-main Sequence Stars: Disks, Jets, and Accretion‖

Guyon, O., … Ridgway, S., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7440, ed. S. Shaklan (SPIE), 74400F, ―Detecting and Characterizing Exoplanets with a 1.4-m Space Telescope: The Pupil Mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO)‖

Harbeck, D.R., … Jacoby, G.H., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77350G, ―The WIYN One Degree Imager: Project Update 2010‖

Harrison, T.E., Bornak, J., Rupen, M.P., Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 325, ―Additional Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of Three Intermediate Polars: The Detection of a Mid-Infrared Synchrotron Flare from V1223 Sagittarii‖

Harsono, D., De Propris, R. 2009, Astron. Nachr., 330, 937, ―The Evolution of Cluster Dwarfs‖

Hase, F., Wallace, L., et al. 2010, J. Quant Spectros. Rad. Trans., 111, 521, ―The ACE-FTS Atlas of the Infrared Solar Spectrum‖

Hathi, N.P., … Saha, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1708, ―UV-Dropout Galaxies in the Goods-South Field from WFC3 Early Release Science Observations‖

Haubois, X., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 923, ―Imaging the Spotty Surface of Betelgeuse in the H Band‖

Hiner, K.D., … Ridgway, S., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 508, ―An Infrared Comparison of Type-1 and Type-2 Quasars‖

Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., Najita, J.R. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77356U, ―Design Inputs for a High-Performance High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectrograph‖

Hoard, D.W., Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 549, ―Taming the Invisible Monster: System Parame- ter Constraints for ε Aurigae from the Far-Ultraviolet to the Mid-Infrared‖

Hodge, P., … Olsen, K., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 745, ―A Photometric Catalog of 77 Newly Recognized Star Clusters in M31‖

Howell, S.B. 2010, JAAVSO, 38, 141, ―Kepler Observations of Variable Stars‖

Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1771, ―K-band Spectroscopy of (Pre-)Cataclysmic Variables: Are Some Donor Stars Really Carbon Poor?‖

Hung, L-W., Bañados, E., De Propris, R., West, M.J. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1483, ―The Galaxy Alignment Effect in Abell 1689: Evolution, Radial, and Luminosity Dependence‖

Ibar, E., … Pope, A., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 401, L53, ―Deep Multi-frequency Radio Imaging in the Lockman Hole - II. The Spectral Index of Submillimetre Galaxies‖

Indriolo, N., Hobbs, L.M., Hinkle, K.H., McCall, B.J. 2009, ApJ, 703, 2131, ―Interstellar Metastable Helium Absorption as a Probe of the Cosmic-ray Ionization Rate‖

111 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Ivison, R., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 245, ―BLAST: The Far-Infrared/Radio Correlation in Distant Galaxies‖

Jacoby, G.H., et al. 2010, PASA, 27, 156, ―Searching for Faint Planetary Nebulae Using the Digital Sky Survey‖

Jacoby, G.H., Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77353D, ―QUOTA: The Prototype Camera for the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI)‖

Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 572, ―A Multiwavelength Study of a Sample of 70 μm Selected Galaxies in the COSMOS Field. I. Spectral Energy Distributions and Luminosities‖

Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 721, 98, ―A Multiwavelength Study of a Sample of 70 μm Selected Galaxies in the COSMOS Field. II. The Role of Mergers in Galaxy Evolution‖

Kemper, F., … Blum, R.D., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 683, ―The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy Program: The Life Cycle of Dust and Gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud‖

King, J.R., Schuler, S.C., Hobbs, L.M., Pinsonneault, M.H. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1610, ―Li I and K I Scatter in Cool Pleiades Dwarfs‖

Kinman, T.D., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2014, ―Low-Amplitude Variables: Distinguishing RR Lyrae Stars from Eclipsing Binaries‖

Kinman, T.D., et al. 2010, IBVS, 5935, 1, ―Radial Velocities for Twelve Pulsating Variables in the Anticenter‖

Knappenberger, P., Daou, D., Pompea, S.M., Scherrer, D. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 23, ―International Year of Astronomy: Can We Keep the Party Going?‖

Knezek, P., … Glaspey, J., … Jacoby, G., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77357D, ―The Upgraded WIYN Bench Spectrograph‖

Koch, D.G., … Howell, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L131, ―Discovery of the Transiting Planet Kepler-5b‖

Koch, D.G., Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L79, ―Kepler Mission Design, Realized Photometric Performance, and Early Science‖

Kolengber, K. … Kunder, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L198, ―First Kepler Results on RR Lyrae Stars‖

Kornei, K., … Reddy, N., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 693, ―The Relationship between Stellar Populations and Lyα Emission in Lyman Break Galaxies‖

Kotani, T., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7734, eds. W. Danchi, F. Delplancke, J. Rajagop- al (SPIE), 77343O, ―Development of a High-Dynamic Range Imaging Instrument for a Single Telescope by a Pupil Remapping System‖

Kozlowski, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 530, ―Mid-Infrared Variability from the Spitzer Deep Wide-Field Survey‖

112 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Kraemer, K.E., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2319, ―Circumstellar Structure around Evolved Stars in the Cygnus-X Star Formation Region‖

Krisciunas, K., Bogglio, H., Sanhueza, P., Smith, M.G. 2010, PASP, 122, 373, ―Light Pollution at High Zenith Angles, as Measured at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory‖

Krisciuna, K., … Cartier, R., … Knox, E., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1584, ―The Fast Declining Type Ia Supernova 2003gs, and Evidence for a Significant Dispersion in Near-Infrared Absolute Magnitudes of Fast Decliners at Maximum Light‖

Kubik, D., … Abbott, T., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77355C, ―Automated Characterization of CCD Detectors for DECam‖

Lacour, S., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2009, ApJ, 707, 632, ―The Pulsation of χ Cygni Imaged by Optical Interferometry: A Novel Technique to Derive Distance and Mass of Mira Stars‖

Lagarde, N., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 268, eds. C. Charbonnel, et al. (Cambridge), 423, ―Li Survey in Giant Stars: Probing Non-standard Stellar Physics‖

Lah, P, … De Propris, R., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1447, ―The H I Gas Content of Galaxies around Abell 370, a Galaxy Cluster at z = 0.37‖

Laird, E., … Pope, A., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 2763, ―On the X-ray Properties of Sub-mm-selected Galaxies‖

Latham, D.W., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L140, ―Kepler-7b: A Transiting Planet with Unusually Low Density‖

Lawrence, J., … Olsen, K., et al. 2009, PASA, 26, 379, ―The Science Case for PILOT I: Summary and Overview‖

Lawrence, J., … Olsen, K., et al. 2009, PASA, 26, 415, ―The Science Case for PILOT III: The Nearby Universe‖

Lebzelter, T., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2010, A&A, 517, A6, ―Abundance Analysis for Long Period Variables. Velocity Effects Studied with O-Rich Dynamic Model Atmospheres‖

Lee, N., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 175, ―A Far-Infrared Characterization of 24 μm Selected Galaxies at 0 < z < 2.5 using Stacking at 70 μm and 160 μm in the COSMOS Field‖

Lin, L., … Lotz, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 1158, ―Where Do Wet, Dry, and Mixed Galaxy Mergers Occur? A Study of the Environments of Close Galaxy Pairs in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey‖

Lin, Y-T., Ostriker, J.P., Miller, C.J. 2010, ApJ, 715, 1486, ―A New Test of the Statistical Nature of the Brightest Cluster Galaxies‖

Linnell, A.P., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 1183, ―GALEX and Optical Light Curves of WX LMi, SDSSJ103100.5+202832.2, and SDSSJ121209.31+013627.7‖

Lombardi, G., … Tokovinin, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7733, ed. L.M. Stepp., R. Gilmozzi., Hellen J. Hall (SPIE), 77334D, ―Surface Layer Characterization at Paranal Observatory‖

113 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Lotz, J. M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 575, ―The Effect of Mass Ratio on the Morphology and Time- scales of Disc Galaxy Mergers‖

Lotz, J.M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 590, ―The Effect of Gas Fraction on the Morphology and Time- scales of Disc Galaxy Mergers‖

Luginbuhl, C.B., Walker, C.E., Wainscoat, R.J. 2009, Physics Today, 62, 32, ―Lighting and Astronomy‖

Lyubenova, M., … Silva, D.R., et al. 2010, A&A, 510, A19, ―Integrated K-Band Spectra of Old and Intermediate-Age Globular Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud‖

Magdis, G.E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1740, ―A Multi-wavelength View of the Star Formation Activity at z ~ 3‖

Magdis, G.E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, L185, ―A First Glimpse into the Far-IR Proper- ties of High-z UV-Selected Galaxies: Herschel/PACS Observations of z ~ 3 LBGs‖

Magrini, L., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A63, ―Metal Production in M 33: Space and Time Variations‖

Majewski, S., … Cunha, K., Smith, V., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 364, ―Chemical Fingerprinting and Chemical Analysis of Galactic Halo Substruc- ture‖

Maraston, C., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 407, 830, ―Star Formation Rates and Masses of z ~ 2 Galaxies from Multicolour Photometry‖

Marconi, M., … Saha, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 615, ―Pulsation Models for Ultra-low (Z = 0.0004) Metallicity Classical Cepheids‖

Mármol-Queraltó, E., … Silva, D.R., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, L199, ―Evidence for Intermediate-Age Stellar Populations in Early-Type Galaxies from K-Band Spectroscopy‖

Mármol-Queraltó, E., … Silva, D.R., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 262, eds. G. Bruzual and S. Charlot (Cambridge), 85, ―Stellar Population Study in Early-Type Galaxies: An Approach from the K Band‖

Martinez, P., Kolb, J., Tokovinin, A., Sarazin, M. 2010, A&A, 516, A90, ―Atmospheric Image Blur with Finite Outer Scale or Partial Adaptive Correction‖

Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I., Tokovinin, A. 2010, AJ, 140, 735, ―Binary Star Orbits. IV. Orbits of 18 Southern Interferometric Pairs‖

Maurer, J.I., … Matheson, T., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 161, ―Characteristic Velocities of Stripped- Envelope Core-Collapse Supernova Cores‖

McConnell, N.J., … Lauer, T.R., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 267, eds. B. Peterson, R. Somerville, T. Storchi-Bergmann (Cambridge), 208, ―Adaptive Optics-Based Measurements of the Black Hole in Abell 2162-BCG‖

Meixner, M., … Knezek, P., … Joyce, R., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77353N, ―Performance of the WIYN High-Resolution Infrared Camera‖

114 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Meixner, M., … Knezek, P., … Joyce, R.R., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 451, ―Design Overview and Performance of the WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC)‖

Mendez, B.., … Walker, C.E., Pompea, S.M., et al. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 324, ―The Spectrum of Citizen Science Projects in Astronomy and Space Science‖

Mérand, A., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, A&A, 517, A64, ―Interferometric Radius and Limb Darken- ing of the Asteroseismic Red Giant ε Serpentis with the CHARA Array‖

Meurer, G.R., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 695, 765, ―Evidence for a Nonuniform Initial Mass Function in the Local Universe‖

Monachesi, A., … Lauer, T.R., … Mighell, K., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 262, eds. G. Bruzual and S. Charlot (Cambridge), 135, ―The Stellar Populations of M32: Resolving the Nearest Elliptical with HST ACS/HRC‖

Morrison, G.E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 178, ―Very Large Array 1.4 GHz Observa- tions of the GOODS-North Field: Data Reduction and Analysis‖

Muzerolle, J., … Allen, L., … Sherry, W., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, L15, ―Evidence for Dynamical Changes in a Transitional Protoplanetary Disk with Mid-Infrared Variability‖

Muzerolle, J., Allen, L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1107, ―A Spitzer Census of Transitional Protoplanetary Disks with AU-Scale Inner Holes‖

Najita, J., … Strom, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 274, ―Spitzer Spectroscopy of the Transition Object TW Hya‖

Nantais, J., … Olsen, K., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1178, ―Nearby Spiral Galaxy Globular Cluster Systems. II. Globular Cluster Metallicities in NGC 300‖

Narayanan, D., Dey, A., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 407, 1701, ―A Physical Model for z ~ 2 Dust-obscured Galaxies‖

Nemec, J.M., … Walker, A.R., Jeon, Y-B. 2009, AJ, 138, 1310, ―Variable Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster NGC 2257. I. Results Based on 2007–2008 B, V Photometry‖

Neugent, K.F., … Olsen, K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1784, ―Yellow Supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Putting Current Evolutionary Theory to the Test‖

Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems III, SPIE Proc. 7737, eds. D.R. Silva, A. Peck, B.T. Soifer (SPIE), 2010

Okamoto, Y.K., … Najita, J., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77355O, ―The Science Drivers for a Mid-Infrared Instrument for the TMT‖

Olivares E., F., … Matheson, T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 833, ―The Standardized Candle Method for Type II Plateau Supernovae‖

Olszewski, E., Saha, A., Knezek, P., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1570, ―A 500 Parsec Halo Surrounding the Galactic Globular NGC 1851‖

115 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Ouchi, M., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1136, ―Large Area Survey for z = 7 Galaxies in SDF and GOODS-N: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Cosmic Reionization‖

Papovich, C., … Lotz, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 1503, ―A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.62‖

Pellerin, A., … Knezek, P., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 262, eds. G. Bruzual and S. Charlot (Cambridge), 406, ―Young Stellar Populations in the Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922‖

Pellerin, A., … Knezek, P.M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1369, ―The Star Cluster Population of the Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922‖

Pellerin, A., … Knezek, P.M., et al. 2010, ASP Conf. 423, eds. B. Smith, et al. (ASP), 19, ―The Collisional Ring Galaxy NGC 922‖

Pfisterer, R., Ellis, K.S., Pompea, S.M. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7738, eds. G. Angeli and P. Dierickx (SPIE), 773811, ―The Role of Stray Light Modeling and Analysis in Telescope System Engineering, Perfor- mance Assessment, and Risk Abatement‖

Pierce, C.M., Lotz, J.M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 718, ―The Effects of an Active Galactic Nucleus on Host Galaxy Colour and Morphology Measurements‖

Pillitteri, I., … Allen, L., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 266, eds. R. de Grijs and J. Lépine (Cambridge), 509, ―The Population of Young Stars in Orion A: X-rays and IR Properties‖

Pompea, S.M. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7739, eds. E. Atad-Ettedgui and D. Lemke (SPIE), 773921, ―Assess- ment of Black and Spectrally Selective Surfaces for Stray Light Reduction in Telescope Systems‖

Pompea, S.M., … Walker, C.E., et al. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 86, ―Interna- tional Year of Astronomy 2009 Cornerstone Projects: What‘s Available for You‖

Pompea, S.M., Isbell, D. 2009, The Physics Teacher, October, 428, ―The International Year of Astron- omy 2009: New Approaches, Novel Resources for Physics Classrooms‖

Pompea, S.M., Breault, R.P. et al. 2010, Handbook of Optics, 3rd edition, eds. M. Bass, et al. (McGraw Hill), 6.1, ―Characterization and Use of Black Surfaces for Optical Systems‖

Pompea, S.M., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7738, eds. G. Angeli and P. Dierickx (SPIE), 773803, ―Optical and System Engineering in the Development of a High-Quality Student Telescope Kit‖

Pompea, S.M., Norman, D. 2009, Astronomy Beat, 35, ―The White House Star Party: Reports from the South Lawn‖

Pompea, S.M., Sparks, R.T., Walker, C.E., Dokter, E.F.C. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7783, ed. G. Groot Gregory (SPIE), 77830G, ―An Optics Education Program Designed around Experiments with Small Telescopes‖

Pontoppidan, K.M., … Najita, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 887, ―A Spitzer Survey of Mid-Infrared Molecular Emission from Protoplanetary Disks. I. Detection Rates‖

Pope, A., Chary, R.-R. 2010, ApJ, 715, L171, ―Searching for the Highest Redshift Sources in 250– 500 μm Submillimeter Surveys‖

116 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Probst, R.G., Abbott, T.M., … Gregory, B., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77353Z, ―There and Back Again: Sharing a Major Instrument between Hemispheres‖

Ram, R.S., Wallace, L., et al. 2010, J. Molec. Spectros., 263, 82, ―High Resolution Emission Spectros- copy of the A2Π-X2Σ+ (Red) System of 12C14N‖

Ram, R.S., Wallace, L., Hinkle, K., et al. 2010, ApJS, 188, 500, ―Fourier Transform Emission Spectros- copy of the A2Π-X2Σ+ (Red) System of 13C14N‖

Rebull, L., … Allen, L., … Strom, S., et al. 2010, ApJS, 186, 259, ―The Taurus Spitzer Survey: New Candidate Taurus Members Selected Using Sensitive Mid-Infrared Photometry‖

Reddy, N. 2009, ASP Conf. 419, eds. S. Jogee, et al. (ASP), 313, ―A Steep Faint-End Slope of the UV Luminosity Function at z ~ 2–3: Implications for the Missing Stellar Mass Problem‖

Reddy, N.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1070, ―Dust Obscuration and Metallicity at High Redshift: New Inferences from UV, Hα, and 8 μm Observations of z ~ 2 Star-Forming Galaxies‖

Retzlaff, J., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, A&A, 511, A50, ―The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/ISAAC Near-Infrared Imaging of the GOODS-South Field‖

Rhoads, J.E., … Probst, R., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77356C, ―Multiband Filters for Near-Infrared Astronomical Applications‖

Ridgway, S., … Saha, A., … Claver, C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7737, eds. D.R. Silva, A. Peck, B.T. Soifer (SPIE), 77370Z, ―Simulation of Autonomous Observing with a Ground-Based Telescope: The LSST Experience‖

Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7734, eds. W. Danchi, F. Delplancke, J. Rajagopal (SPIE), 77340B, ―Adaptive Optics for the CHARA Array II‖

Ridgway, S.T., Hinkle, K.H. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77356Z, ―Fourier Transform Spectroscopy on Very Large Telescopes‖

Riedel, A.R., … Subasavage, J.P., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 897, ―The Solar Neighborhood. XXII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: Trigonometric Parallaxes of 64 Nearby Systems with 0″.5 ≤ μ ≤ 1″.0 yr‾¹‖

Robotham, A., Phillipps, S., De Propris, R. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 1812, ―The Variation of the Galaxy Luminosity Function with Group Properties‖

Rowe, J.F., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L150, ―Kepler Observations of Transiting Hot Compact Objects‖

Rujopakarn, W., … Jannuzi, B.T., … Dey, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 1171, ―The Evolution of the Star Formation Rate of Galaxies at 0.0 ≤ z ≤ 1.2‖

Sand, D., … Saha, A., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, 898, ―The Star Formation History and Extended Structure of the Hercules Milky Way Satellite‖

117 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Sargent, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, ApJS, 186, 341, ―The VLA-COSMOS Perspective on the Infrared-Radio Relation. I. New Constraints on Selection Biases and the Non-Evolution of the Infra- red/Radio Properties of Star-Forming and Active Galactic Nucleus Galaxies at Intermediate and High Redshift"

Sargent, M.T., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L190, ―No Evolution in the IR-Radio Relation for IR-Luminous Galaxies at z < 2 in the COSMOS Field‖

Sawyer, D.G., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77353A, ―A New Image Acquisition System for the Kitt Peak National Observatory Mosaic-1 Imager‖

Schaefer, G., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofísica Conference Series, 38, 107, ―Modeling the Disk of δ Tau Using the CHARA Array‖

Schneider, D.P., … Boroson, T.A., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2360, ―The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. V. Seventh Data Release‖

Schuler, S.C., Plunkett, A.L., King, J.R., Pinsonneault, M.H. 2010, PASP, 122, 766, ― Fe I and Fe II Abundances of Solar-Type Dwarfs in the Pleiades Open Cluster‖

Schumacher, G., … Abbott, T.M.C, et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7740, ed. N.M. Radziwill, A. Bridger (SPIE), 77402H, ―The Blanco Telescope TCS Upgrade‖

Schwab, C., Spronck, J.F.P., Tokovinin, A., Fischer, D.A. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77354G, ―Design of the CHIRON High-Resolution Spectrometer at CTIO‖

Seth, A., … Olsen, K., Blum, R., et al. 2010, Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation, eds. V. Debattista and C. Popescu (AIP), 227, ―Nuclear Star Clusters & Black Holes‖

Seth, A.C., … Olsen, K., Blum, R.D., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 713, ―The NGC 404 Nucleus: Star Cluster and Possible Intermediate-Mass Black Hole‖

Shaw, R.A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7740, eds. N. Radziwill and A. Bridger (SPIE), 77400H, ―Science Data Quality Assessment for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope‖

Shaw, R.A., Lee, T.-H., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 562, ―A Detailed Look at Chemical Abundances in Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae. I. The Small Magellanic Cloud‖

Sheen, Y.-K., … Lotz, J., Olsen, K., Dickinson, M., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1911, ―Tidal Dwarf Galaxies around a Post-Merger Galaxy, NGC 4922‖

Shen, J., … De Propris, R., Kunder, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, L72, ―Our Milky Way as a Pure-Disk Galaxy—A Challenge for Galaxy Formation‖

Shi, Y., … Lotz, J., et al. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 468, ―Role of Galaxy Mergers in Cosmic Star Formation History‖

Skidmore, W., … Els, S., et al. 2009, PASP, 121, 1151, ―Thirty Meter Telescope Site Testing V: Seeing and Isoplanatic Angle‖

118 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Smith, V. 2010, IAU Symp. 265, eds. K. Cunha, M. Spite, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 476, ―A Summary and Some Concluding Remarks‖

Smith, V.V. 2010, IAU Symp. 268, eds. C. Charbonnel, et al. (Cambridge), 301, ―Observations of Lithium in Red Giant Stars‖

Sparks, R.T., Pompea, S.M. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 389, ―GSMT Education: Teaching about Adaptive Optics and Site Selection Using Extremely Large Telescopes‖

Sparks, R.T., Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 95, ―Building on IYA: The Galileoscope Program‖

Sparks, R.T., Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E., Dokter, E.F.C. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7783, ed. G. Groot Gregory (SPIE), 77830C, ―Teaching Adaptive Optics Concepts in the High School Classroom Using an Active Engagement, Experimental Approach‖

Stanghellini, L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1096, ―The Galactic Structure and Chemical Evolution Traced by the Population of Planetary Nebulae‖

Stanke, T., … Allen, L., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L94, ―Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel. The NGC 1999 Dark Globule Is Not a Globule‖

Stauffer, J.R., … Strom, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1859, ―Debris Disks of Members of the Blanco 1 Open Cluster‖

Steidel, C.C., … Reddy, N., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 289, ―The Structure and Kinematics of the Circumga- lactic Medium from Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of z ~= 2–3 Galaxies‖

Steinfadt, J.D.R., … Howell, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, L146, ―Discovery of the Eclipsing Detached Double White Dwarf Binary NLTT 11748‖

Still, M., Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, L113, ―Quiescent Superhumps Detected in the Dwarf Nova V344 Lyrae by Kepler‖

Stott, J.P., … Miller, C.J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 23, ―The XMM Cluster Survey: The Build-Up of Stellar Mass in Brightest Cluster Galaxies at High Redshift‖

Sturm, B., … Najita, J., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L129, ―First Results of the Herschel Key Program ‗Dust, Ice and Gas In Time‘ (DIGIT): Dust and Gas Spectroscopy of HD 100546‖

Subasavage, J.P., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7737, ed. D.R. Silva, A. Peck, B.T. Soifer (SPIE), 77371C, ―SMARTS Revealed‖

Sukhbold, T., Howell, S. 2009, PASP, 121, 1188, ―Periodic Variables and Gyrochronology in the Open Cluster NGC 2301‖

Szkody, P., … Campbell, R.K., … Howell, S.B., … Dealaman, S., et al 2010, ApJ, 716, 1531, ―Analyz- ing the Low State of EF Eridani with Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Spectra‖

Szkody, P., … Howell, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 64, ―Finding the Instability Strip for Accreting Pulsating White Dwarfs from Hubble Space Telescope and Optical Observations‖

119 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

ten Brummelaar, T.A., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7734, eds. W. Danchi, F. Delplancke, J. Rajagopal (SPIE), 773403, ―An Update on the CHARA Array‖

Tokovinin, A. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7733, ed. L.M. Stepp., R. Gilmozzi., Hellen J. Hall (SPIE), 77331N, ―Where Is the Surface-Layer Turbulence?‖

Tokovinin, A., Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I. 2010, AJ, 139, 743, ―Speckle Interferometry at the Blanco and SOAR Telescopes in 2008 and 2009‖

Tokovinin, A., Bustos, E., Berdja, A. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 1186, ― Near-Ground Turbulence Profiles from Lunar Scintillometer‖

Tokovinin, A., Hartung, M., Hayward, T.L. 2010, AJ, 140, 510, ―Subsystems in Nearby Solar-Type Wide Binaries‖

Tokovinin, A., … van der Bliek, N., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7736, ed. B.L. Ellerbroek, M. Hart, N. Hubin, P.L. Wizinowich (SPIE), 77363L, ―SAM Sees the Light‖

Tokunaga, A.T., … Najita, J., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, eds. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77352C, ―Design Concepts for a Mid-Infrared Instrument for the Thirty-Meter Telescope‖

Tran, K.-V.H., … Lotz, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, L126, ―Reversal of Fortune: Confirmation of an Increasing Star Formation-Density Relation in a Cluster at z = 1.62‖

Treister, E., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, Science, 328, 600, ―Major Galaxy Mergers and the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Quasars‖

van Kempen, T.A., … Najita, J., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L128, ―Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time (DIGIT) Herschel Program First Results. A Full PACS-SED Scan of the Gas Line Emission in Protostar DK Chamaeleontis‖

Vanzella, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2010, A&A, 513, A20, ―The Unusual N IV] -Emitter Galaxy GDS J033218.92-275302.7: Star Formation or AGN-Driven Winds from a Massive Galaxy at z = 5.56‖

Villaver, E., Stanghellini, L., Shaw, R. 2010, The Impact of HST on European Astronomy, ed. F. Macchetto (Springer), 37, ―Planetary Nebulae and Their Central Stars in the Magellanic Clouds‖

Walker, C.E. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 383, ―Involvement in and Sustainability of the Dark Skies Awareness Programs for the International Year of Astronomy‖

Walker, C.E. 2010, Sky and Telescope, 119, 86, ―Our Light or Starlight?‖

Walker, C.E., … Pompea, S.M., et al. 2010, ASP Conf. 431, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 103, ―Building on IYA: The Dark Skies Awareness Program‖

Walker, C.E., Pompea, S.M., Sparks, R.T. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7783, ed. G. Groot Gregory (SPIE), 77830H, ―Teaching Illumination Engineering Using Light Pollution Education Kits‖

Werk, J., … Knezek, P.M., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 279, ―Outlying H II Regions in H I- Selected Galaxies‖

120 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Winston, E., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 266, ―The Properties of X-ray Luminous Young Stellar Objects in the NGC 1333 and Serpens Embedded Clusters‖

Yong, D., … Cunha, K., … Smith, V., et al. 2010, IAU Symp. 266, eds. R. de Grijs and J. Lépine (Cambridge), 157, ―Chemical Abundances in Tidally Disrupted Globular Clusters‖

Zhao, M., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2010, Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofísica Conference Series, 38, 117, ―Imaging and Modeling Rapid Rotators: α Cep and α Oph‖

Ziad, A., … Berdja, A., … Tokovinin, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7733, ed. L.M. Stepp., R. Gilmozzi., Hellen J. Hall (SPIE), 77334J, ―Monitoring of the Atmospheric Turbulence Profiles for the Specification of ELTs Adaptive Optics Systems‖

121

D PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Publications by Data Source Data Source # in FY10 CTIO Telescopes 137 KPNO Telescopes 162 Gemini Telescopes 54 Keck Telescopes 12 HET & MMT 9 Magellan Telescopes 4 CHARA/Hale 0 NOAO Science Archive 23

D.1 TELESCOPES AT CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY 

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 137 publications used data taken at the CTIO telescopes:

Abbott, T.M.C., … Walker, A.R., Gregory, B., Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7733, ed. Larry. M. Stepp., Roberto. Gilmozzi., Helen J. Hall (SPIE), 773345, ―Improving the Blanco Telescope‘s Delivered Image Quality‖

Abdo, A.A., et al. 2009, ApJ, 707, 727, ―Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Enigmatic Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 PMN J0948+0022 in 2009 March-July‖

Amanullah, R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 712, ―Spectra and Hubble Space Telescope Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z < 1.12 and the Union2 Compilation‖

Andrews, J.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 541, ―SN 2007 od: A Type IIP Supernova with Circumstellar Interaction‖

Anthony-Twarog, B.J., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2034, ―WIYN Open Cluster Study. XXXIX. Abundances in NGC 6253 from Hydra Spectroscopy of the Li 6708 Å Region‖

Antia, H.M., Basu, S. 2010, ApJ, 720, 494, ―Solar Rotation Rate during the Cycle 24 Minimum in Activity‖

Aravena, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, L15, ―Identification of Two Bright z > 3 Submillimeter Galaxy Candidates in the Cosmos Field‖

122 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Aravena, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, L36, ―Environment of Mambo Galaxies in the Cosmos Field‖

Audard, M., et al. 2010, A&A, 511, A63, ―A Multi-wavelength Study of the Young Star V1118 Orionis in Outburst‖

Batista, V., et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 467, ―Mass Measurement of a Single Unseen Star and Planetary Detection Efficiency for OGLE 2007-BLG-050‖

Battinelli, P., Demers. S. 2010, PASP, 122, 144, ―Multiband Photometry of V725 Sagittarii‖

Bayless, A.J., Robinson , E.L., Hynes, R.I., Ashcraft, T.A. 2010, ApJ, 709, 251, ―The Structure of the Accretion Disk in the Accretion Disk Corona X-Ray Binary 4U 1822−371 at Optical and Ultraviolet Wave- lengths‖

Bennett, D.P., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 837, ―Masses and Orbital Constraints for the OGLE-2006-BLG- 109Lb,c Jupiter/Saturn Analog Planetary System‖

Birlan, et al. 2010, A&A. 511, A40, ―More than 160 Near Earth Asteroids Observed in the EURONEAR Network‖

Bono, G., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 651, ―On the Stellar Content of the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy‖

Bono, G., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, L74, ―On a New Near-Infrared Method to Estimate the Absolute Ages of Star Clusters: NGC 3201 as a First Test Case‖

Boss, A.P., et al. 2009, PASP, 121, 1218, ―The Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search Program‖

Boudreault, S., Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1484, ―A Constraint on Brown Dwarf Formation via Ejection: Radial Variation of the Stellar and Substellar Mass Function of the Young Open Cluster IC 2391‖

Brun, A.S., Antia, H.M., Chitre, S.M. 2010, A&A, 510, A33, ―Is the Solar Convection Zone in Strict Thermal Wind Balance?‖

Brusa, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 348, ―The XMM-NEWTON Wide-Field Survey in the Cosmos Field (XMM-Cosmos): Demography and Multiwavelength Properties of Obscured and Unobs- cured Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei‖

Burke, D.L., … Claver, C., … Saha, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 811, ―Precision Determina- tion of Atmospheric Extinction at Optical and Near-Infrared Wavelengths‖

Burke, D.L., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7737, ed. D.R. Silva, A. Peck, B.T. Soifer (SPIE), 77371D, ―Calibration of the LSST Instrumental and Atmospheric Photometric Passbands‖

Cargile, P.A.., James, D.J. 2010, AJ, 140, 677, ―Employing a New, BVIс Photometric Survey of IC4665 to Investigate the Age of this Young Open Cluster‖

Chandar, R., Fall, S., Whitmore, B.C. 2010, ApJ, 711, 1263, ―New Tests for Disruption Mechanisms of Star Clusters: the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds‖

123 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Chatterjee, P., Antia, H.M. 2009, ApJ, 707, 208, ―Solar Flows and Their Effect on Frequencies of Acoustic Modes‖

Cid Fernandes, R., Gonzalez, R.M. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 780, ―Testing Spectral Models for Stellar Popula- tion with Star Clusters—I. Methodology‖

Clem, J.L., Landolt, A.U. 2010, PASP, 122, 27, ―The Eclipsing Binary PG 1323−086A (GSC 05544−00493)‖

Cobb, B.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, L150, ―Discovery of SN 2009nz Associated with GRB 091127‖

Collazzi, A.C., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1846, ―The Behavior of Novae Light Curves before Eruption‖

Corbet, U.H.D., Pearlman., A.B., Buxton, M., Levine, A.M. 2010, ApJ, 719, 979, ―Properties of the 24 Day Modulation in GX 13+1 from Near-Infrared and X-Ray Observations‖

Davidson Jr., J.W., Baptista, B.J., Horch, E.P., Franz, O., van Altena, W.F. 2009, AJ, 138, 1354, ―A Photometric Analysis of Seventeen Binary Stars Using Speckle Imaging‖

Davis, C.J., Gell, R., Khanzadyan, T., Smith, M.D., Jenness, T. 2010, A&A, 511, A24, ―A General Catalogue of Molecular Hydrogen Emission-Line Objects (MHOs) in Outflows from Young Stars‖

De Propris, R., Rich, R.M., Mallery, R.C. Howard, C.D. 2010, ApJ, 714 , L249, ―A Radial Velocity and Calcium Triplet Abundance Survey of Field Small Magellanic Cloud Giants‖

De Propis, R., Christlein, D. 2009, Astronomische Nachrichten, 330, 943, ―A Composite K-Band Lumi- nosity Function for Cluster Galaxies‖

Desai, K.M., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 584, ― Supernova Remnants and Star Formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud‖

Dessart, L., Hillier, D.J. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 2141, ―Supernova Radiative-Transfer Modeling: A New Approach Using Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium and Full Time Dependence‖

Diehl, H.T., Abbott, T.M.C., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77353I, ―Testing the Dark Energy Camera on a Telescope Simulator‖

Elias-Rosa, N., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L254, ―The Massive Progenitor of the Type II-Linear Supernova 2009kr‖

Elias-Rosa, N., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1174, ―On the Progenitor of the Type II-Plateau SN 2008cn in NGC 4603‖

Estrada, J., … Abbott, T., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77351R, ―Focal Plane Detectors for Dark Energy Camera (DECam)‖

124 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Faúndez-Abans, M., Fernandes, I.F., de Oliveira-Abans, M., Poppe, P.C.R., Martin, V.A.F. 2009, A&A, 507, 1303, ―The Ring Galaxy HRG 54 103: A First Study‖

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P.R. 2010, AJ, 139, 1315, ―Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. VIII. Orbits for Three S-Type Systems AE Arae, Y Coronae Australis, and SS 73-147‖

Finch, C.T., Zacharias, N., Wycoff, G.L. 2010, AJ, 139, 2200, ―UCAC3: Astrometric Reductions‖

Fingerhut, R.L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 792, ―Deep Kѕ -Near-Infrared Surface Photometry of 80 Dwarf Irregular Galaxies in the Local Volume‖

Fleener, C.E., Payne, J.T., Chu, Y-H., Chen, C.-H.R., Gruendl, R.A., 2010, AJ, 139, 158, ―Massive Star Formation in NGC 2074‖

Fouqué, P., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, A51, ―OGLE 2008-BLG-290: An Accurate Measurement on the Limb Darkening of a Galactic Bulge K Giant Spatially Resolved by Microlensing‖

Gamen, R.C., Fernández-Lajús, E., Niemela, V.S., Barbá, R.H. 2009, A&A, 506, 1269, ―The Massive Wolf-Rayet Binary LSS 1964 (=WR 29). II. The V Light Curve‖

Garg, A.., … Olsen, K., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 328, ―High-Amplitude δ-Scutis in the Large Magellanic Cloud‖

Gelino, D.M., Gelino, C.R., Harrison, T.E. 2010, ApJ, 718, 1, ―SPITZER Observations of Black Hole Low- Mass X-Ray Binaries: Assessing the Non-Stellar Infrared Component‖

Gilbert, A.M., Wiegert, P.A., Unda-Sanzana, E., Vaduvescu, O. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 2399, ―Spectroscopic Observations of New Oort Cloud Comet 2006 VZ13 and Four Other Comets‖

Goddard, Q.E., Kennicutt, R.C., Ryan-Weber, E.V. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 2791, ―On the Nature of Star Formation at Large Galactic Radii‖

Gonzalez Hernández, I., Howe, R., Komm, R., Hill, F. 2010, ApJ, L16, ―Meridional Circulation during the Extended Solar Minimum: Another Component of the Torsional Oscillation?‖

Green, P.J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1578, ―SDSS J1254+0846: A Binary Quasar Caught in the Act of Merging‖

Grouchy, R.D., Buta, R.J., Salo, H., Laurikainen, E. 2010, AJ, 139, 2465, ―Ring Star Formation Rates in Barred and Nonbarred Galaxies‖

Guaita, L, et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 255, ―Lyα-Emitting Galaxies at z = 2.1 in ECDF-S: Building Blocks of Typical Present-Day Galaxies?‖

Guijarro, A., et al. 2010, A&A, 519, A53, ―Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Galactic Warps: A Common, Unexplained Feature of Most Discs‖

125 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Hägele, G.F., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 406, 1675, ―Subarcsecond Radio Continuum Mapping in and around the Spiral Galaxy NGC 3351 Using MERLIN‖

Hatsukade, B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 974, ―Unveiling the Nature of Submillimeter Galaxy SXDF 850.6‖

Hillwig, T.C., Bond, H.E., Afsar, M., De Marco, O. 2010, AJ, 140, 319, ―Binary Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae Discovered through Photometric Variability. II. Modeling the Central Stars of NGC 6026 and NGC 6337‖

Honscheid, K., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7740, ed. N.M. Radziwill, A. Bridger (SPIE), 77401K, ―The DECam Data Acquisition and Control System‖

Howell, P.J., Brainerd, T.G. 2010, MNRAS, 407, 891, ―Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing by Non-Spherical Haloes – I. Theoretical Considerations‖

Hsieh, H.H., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 363, ―The Return of Activity in Main-Belt Comet 133P/Elst- Pizarro‖

Hsieh, H.H. 2009, A&A, 505, 1297, ―The Hawaii Trails Project: Comet-Hunting in the Main Asteroid Belt‖

Ilbert, O., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 644, ―Galaxy Stellar Mass Assembly between 0.2 < z < 2 from the S- Cosmos Survey‖

Janczak, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 731, ―Sub-Saturn Planet MOA-2008-BLG-310Lb: Likely to Be in the Galactic Bulge‖

Kann, D.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1513, ―The Afterglows of SWIFT-Era Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Comparing Pre-SWIFT and SWIFT-Era Long/Soft (Type II) GRB Optical Afterglows‖

Karachik, N.V., Pevtsov, A.A., Abramenko, V.I. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1672, ―Formation of Coronal Holes on the Ashes of Active Regions‖

Kocevski, D., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 963, ―Limits on Radioactive Powered Emission Associated with a Short-Hard GRB 070724A in a Star-Forming Galaxy‖

Krisciuna, K., … Cartier, R., … Knox, E., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1584, ―The Fast Declining Type Ia Super- nova 2003gs, and Evidence for a Significant Dispersion in Near-Infrared Absolute Magnitudes of Fast Dec- liners at Maximum Light‖

Krisciunas, K., Bogglio, H., Sanhueza, P., Smith, M.G. 2010, PASP, 122, 373, ―Light Pollution at High Zenith Angles, as Measured at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory‖

Kubik, D., … Abbott, T., … Walker, A., et al. 2010, , SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77355C, ―Automated Characterization of CCD Detectors for DECam‖

Lahav, O., Kiakotou, A., Abdalla, F.B., Blake, C. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 168, ―Forecasting Neutrino Masses from Galaxy Clustering in the Dark Energy Survey Combined with the Planck Measurements ‖

Larsen, J.A., Cabanela, J.E., Humphreys, R.M., Haviland, A. 2010, AJ, 139, 348, ―Mapping the Asymme- tric Thick Disk. I. A Search for Triaxiality‖

126 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Leauthaud, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 97, ―A Weak Lensing Study of X-ray Groups in the Cosmos Survey: Form and Evolution of the Mass-Luminosity Relation‖

Leloudas, G., et al. 2009, A&A, 505, 265, ―The Normal Type Ia SN 2003hv Out to Very Late Phases‖

Looper, D.L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 45, ―The Enigmatic Young, Low-Mass Variable TWA 30‖

Martin, E.L., et al. 2010, A&A, 517, A53, ―Spectroscopic Characterization of 78 DENIS Ultracool Dwarf Candidates in the Solar Neighborhood and the Upper Scorpii OB Association‖

Masetti, N., et al. 2010, A&A, 519, A96, ―Unveiling the Nature of INTEGRAL Objects through Optical Spectroscopy. VIII. Identification of 44 Newly Detected Hard X-ray Sources‖

Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I., McAlister, H.A. 2010, AJ, 140, 242, ―Binary Star Orbits. III. Revisiting the Remarkable Case of Tweedledum and Tweedledee‖

Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I., Tokovinin, A. 2010, AJ, 140, 735, ―Binary Star Orbits. IV. Orbits of 18 Southern Interferometric Pairs‖

Meurer, G.R., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 695, 765, ―Evidence for a Nonuniform Initial Mass Function in the Local Universe‖

Milingo, J.B., Kwitter, K.B., Henry, R.B.C., Souza, S. 2010, ApJ, 711, 619, ―Alpha Element Abundances in a Large Sample of Galactic Planetary Nebulae‖

Muñoz-Mateos, J.C., et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, 1569, ―Radial Distribution of Stars, Gas and Dust in Sings Galaxies. I. Surface Photometry and Morphology‖

Nemec, J.M., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1310, ―Variable Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster NGC 2257. I. Results Based on 2007–2008 B, V Photometry‖

Neugent, K.F., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1784, ―Yellow Supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Putting Current Evolutionary Theory to the Test‖

O‘Dell, C.R., Goss, W.M. 2009, AJ, 138, 1235, ―Scattered Nebular Light in the Extended Orion Nebula‖

Ocvirk, P. 2010, ApJ, 709, 88, ―Fake Star Formation Bursts: Blue Horizontal Branch Stars Masquerade as Young Massive Stars in Optical Integrated Light Spectroscopy‖

Olivares E., F., … Matheson, T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 833, ―The Standardized Candle Method for Type II Plateau Supernovae‖

Palmeirim, P.M., Yun, J.L. 2010, A&A, 510, A51, ―Young Stars and Reflection Nebulae Near the Lower ‗Edge‘ of the Galactic Molecular Disc‖

Parisi, P., et al. 2009, A&A, 507, 1345, ―Accurate Classification of 17 AGNs Detected with Swift/BAT‖

Park, H.S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 377, ―The Globular Cluster System of the Virgo Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636. I. Subaru/Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph Spectroscopy and Database‖

127 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Piatti, A.E., Clariá, J.J., Ahumada, A.V. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 2720, ―New Fundamental Parameters of the Galactic Open Clusters Berkeley 26, Czernik 27, Melotte 72, NGC 2479 and BH 37‖

Piatti, A.E., Clariá, J.J., Ahumada, A.V. 2010, PASP, 122, 516, ―Hogg 12 and NGC 3590: A New Open Cluster Binary System Candidate‖

Piatti, A.E., Clariá, J.J., Ahumada, A.V. 2010, PASP, 122, 288, ―NGC 2309: A Relatively Young Open Cluster Projected onto a Random Stellar Concentration‖

Pierce, C.M., Lotz, J.M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 718, ―The Effects of an Active Galactic Nucleus on Host Galaxy Colour and Morphology Measurements‖

Regnault, N., et al. 2009, A&A, 506, 999, ―Photometric Calibration of the Supernova Legacy Survey Fields‖

Reinard, A.A., Henthorn, J., Komm, R., Hill, F. 2010, ApJ, 710, L21, ―Evidence that Temporal Changes in Solar Subsurface Helicity Precede Active Region Flaring‖

Ribeiro, T., Kafka, S., Baptista, R., Tappert, C. 2010, AJ, 139, 1106, ―Activity on the M Star of QS Vir‖

Rice, E.L., Faherty, J.K., Cruz, K.L. 2010, ApJ, 715, L165, ―The Lowest-Mass Member of the β Pictoris Moving Group‖

Richard, J., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 325, ―LoCuSS: First Results from Strong-Lensing Analysis of 20 Massive Galaxy Clusters at z = 0.2‖

Richardson, N.D., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1534, ―The Hα Variations of ε Carinae during the 2009.0 Spectros- copic Event‖

Robberto, M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 950, ―A Wide-Field Survey of the Orion Nebula Cluster in the Near- Infrared‖

Schaefer, B.E., Collazzi, A.C. 2010, AJ, 139, 1831, ―Novae with Long-Lasting Supersoft Emission that Drive a High Accretion Rate‖

Schaefer, B.E., Pagnotta, A., Shara, M.M. 2010, ApJ, 708, 381, ―The Nova Shell and Evolution of the Recurrent Nova T Pyxidis‖

Schlieder, J.E., Lépine, S., Simon, M. 2010, AJ, 140, 119, ―β Pictoris and AB Doradus Moving Groups: Likely New Low-Mass Members‖

Schumacher, G., … Abbott, T.M.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7740, ed. N.M. Radziwill, A. Bridger (SPIE), 77402H, ―The Blanco Telescope TCS Upgrade‖

128 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Schwab, C., Spronck, J.F.P., Tokovinin, A., Fischer, D.A. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7735, ed. I. McLean, S. Ramsay, H. Takami (SPIE), 77354G, ―Design of the CHIRON High-Resolution Spectrometer at CTIO‖

Schwamb, M.E., Brown, M.E., Rabinowits, D.L., Ragozzine, D. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1691, ―Properties of the Distant Kuiper Belt: Results from the Palomar Distant Solar System Survey‖

Seward, F.D., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 177, ―A CHANDRA Observation of SNR 0540–697‖

Smith, N., Bally, J., Walborn, N.R. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 1153, ―HST/ACS Hα Imaging of the Carina Nebula: Outflow Activity Traced by Irradiated Herbig-Haro Jets‖

Smith, G.H., Langland-Shula, L.E. 2009, PASP, 121, 1054, ―CN Abundance Inhomogeneities among Bright Red Giants in the Globular Clusters NGC 288 and NGC 362‖

Soleri, P., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 406, 1471, ―Investigating the Disc-Jet Coupling in Accreting Compact Objects Using the Black Hole Candidate Swift J1753.5 – 0127‖

Subasavage, J.P., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, SPIE Proc. 7737, ed. D.R. Silva, A. Peck, B.T. Soifer (SPIE), 77371C, ―SMARTS Revealed‖

Subrahmanyan, R., Ekers, R.D., Saripalli, L., Sadler, E.M. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 2792, ―ATLBS: The Australia Telescope Low-Brightness Survey‖

Szkody, P., … Campbell, R.K., … Howell, S.B., … Dealaman, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 1531, ―Analyzing the Low State of EF Eridani with Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Spectra‖

Tokovinin, A., Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I. 2010, AJ, 139, 743, ―Speckle Interferometry at the Blanco and SOAR Telescopes in 2008 and 2009‖

Torres-Flores, S. et al. 2009, A&A, 507, 723, ―Star Formation in the Intragroup Medium and Other Diagnostics of the Evolutionary Stages of Compact Groups of Galaxies‖

Townsend, R.H.D., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L318, ―Discovery of Rotational Braking in the Magnetic Helium- Strong Star Sigma Orionis E‖

Vaidya, K., Chu, Y-H., Gruendl, R.A., Chen, C.-H. R., Looney, L.W. 2009, ApJ, 707, 1417, ―A Hubble Space Telescope View of the Interstellar Environments of Young Stellar Objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud‖

Vazdekis, A, et al. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 1639, ―Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis with MILES – I. The Base Models and a New Line Index System‖

Villanova, S., Randich, S., Geisler, D., Carraro, G., Costa, E. 2010, A&A, 509, A102, ―The Metallicity of the Open Cluster Tombaugh 2‖

Walborn, N.R., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1283, ―The Onfp Class in the Magellanic Clouds‖

Werk, J.K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 656, ―The Metal-Enriched Outer Disk of NGC 2915‖

Werk, J.K., … Knezek, P.M.,… Smith, R.C., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 279, ―Outlying H II Regions in H I- Selected Galaxies‖

129 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Woodley, K.A., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1871, ―The Kinematics of the Globular Cluster System of NGC 5128 with a New Large Sample of Radial Velocity Measurements‖

Woodley, K.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1335, ―The Ages, Metallicities, and Alpha Element Enhancements of Globular Clusters in the Elliptical NGC 5128: A Homogeneous Spectroscopic Study with Gemini/Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph‖

Ybarra, J.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 469, ―Spitzer and Near-Infrared Observations of a New Bipolar Proto- stellar Outflow in the Rosette Molecular Cloud‖

Yee, J.C., Jensen, E.L.N. 2010, ApJ, 711, 303, ―A Test of Pre-Main-Sequence Lithium Depletion Models‖

Zacharias, N. 2010, AJ, 139, 2208, ―UCAC3 Pixel Processing‖

Zacharias, N., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2184, ―The Third US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC3)‖

Zheng, Z.Y., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 52, ―X-Ray Properties of the z ~ 4.5 Lyα Emitters in the Chandra Deep Field South Region‖

Zorotovic, M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 357, ―The Globular Cluster NGC 5286. II. Variable Stars‖

D.2 TELESCOPES AT KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 162 publications used data taken at the KPNO telescopes:

Abia, C., Cunha, K., … Hinkle, K., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, L94, ―Fluorine Abundances in Galactic Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars‖

Anguita, T., et al. 2009, A&A, 507, 35, ―COSMOS 5921+0638: Characterization and Analysis of a New Strong Gravitationally Lensed AGN‖

Aravena, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, L36, ―Environment of MAMBO Galaxies in the COSMOS Field‖

Aravena, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, L15, ―Identification of Two Bright z > 3 Submillimeter Galaxy Candidates in the COSMOS Field‖

Assef, R.J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 970, ―Low-Resolution Spectral Templates for Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxies from 0.03 to 30 μm‖

Barkhouse, W., Yee, H., López-Cruz, O. 2009, ApJ, 703, 2024, ―The Galaxy Population of Low-Redshift Abell Clusters‖

Belokurov, V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, L103, ―Big Fish, Little Fish: Two New Ultra-faint Satellites of the Milky Way‖

Bershady, M.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 198, ―The DiskMass Survey. I. Overview‖

 Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Expe- riences for Undergraduates (REU) program

130 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Bershady, M.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 234, ―The DiskMass Survey. II. Error Budget‖

Boquien, M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 553, ―Star-Forming or Starbursting? The Ultraviolet Conundrum‖

Brammer, G., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, L173, ―The Dead Sequence: A Clear Bimodality in Galaxy Colors from z = 0 to z = 2.5‖

Brown, M. 2009, 5th International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe, eds. C. Balazs and F. Weing (AIP), 57, ―Slow Galaxy Growth within Rapidly Growing Dark Matter Halos‖

Bubar, E.J., King, J.R. 2010, AJ, 140, 293, ―Spectroscopic Abundances and Membership in the Wolf 630 Moving Group‖

Bussmann, R., Dey, A. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 461, ―HST Morphologies of z ~ 2 Dust Obscured Galaxies‖

Bussmann, R., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 184, ―Infrared Luminosities and Dust Properties of z ≈ 2 Dust-Obscured Galaxies‖

Calchi Novati, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 987, ―M31 Pixel Lensing Event OAB-N2: A Study of the Lens Proper Motion‖

Cannon, J.M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2170, ―The Stellar and Gaseous Contents of the Orion Dwarf Galaxy‖

Casetti-Dinescu, D.I., Girard, T.M., Platais, I., van Altena, W.F. 2010, AJ, 139, 1889, ―Detection of a Stellar Stream behind Open Cluster NGC 188: Another Part of the Monoceros Stream‖

Chou, M.-Y., … Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, L5, ―The Chemical Evolution of the Monoceros Ring/Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure‖

Chou, M.-Y., Cunha, K., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1290, ―A Two Micron All Sky Survey View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. VI. s-Process and Titanium Abundance Variations along the Sagitta- rius Stream‖

Clem, J.L., Landolt, A.U. 2010, PASP, 122, 27, ―The Eclipsing Binary PG 1323-086A (GSC 05544- 00493)‖

Cortes, C., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, 750, ―An Overview of the Rotational Behavior of Metal-Poor Stars‖

Currie, T., et al. 2010, ApJS, 186, 191, ―The Stellar Population of h and χ Persei: Cluster Properties, Membership, and the Intrinsic Colors and Temperatures of Stars‖

D‘Andrea, C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 661, ―Type II-P Supernovae from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey and the Standardized Candle Method‖

Davidson, J., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1354, ―A Photometric Analysis of Seventeen Binary Stars Using Speckle Imaging‖

Dey, A., et al. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 411, ―The Pedigrees of DOGs (Dust- Obscured Galaxies)‖

131 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Di Cecco, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 991, ―On the Absolute Age of the Globular Cluster M92‖

Dilday, B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 1026, ―Measurements of the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae at Redshift <~0.3 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II Supernova Survey‖

Dilday, B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 1021, ―A Measurement of the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae in Galaxy Clusters from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey‖

Dufour, P., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 647, ―Multiwavelength Observations of the Hot DB Star PG 0112+104‖

Dunham, … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L136, ―Kepler-6b: A Transiting Hot Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-Rich Star‖

Eisenhardt, P. … Dey, A., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 2455, ―Ultracool Field Brown Dwarf Candidates Selected at 4.5 μm‖

El Bouchefry, K. 2009, Astronomische Nachrichten, 330, 871, ―The K-z Diagram of FIRST Radio Sources Identified in the Boötes and Cetus Fields‖

Faherty, J., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 176, ―The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project. II. Details on Nine Wide Common Proper Motion Very Low Mass Companions to Nearby Stars‖

Fekel, F., Willmarth, D. 2009, PASP, 121, 1359, ―The Spectroscopic Orbit of SAO 167450, Visual Companion of AA Ceti‖

Fekel, F.C., Tomkin, J., Williamson, M.H. 2010, AJ, 139, 1579, ―New Precision Orbits of Bright Double- Lined Spectroscopic Binaries. IV. 66 Andromedae, HR 6979, and HR 9059‖

Fiolet, N., et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 117, ―Multi-wavelength Properties of Spitzer Selected Starbursts at z ~ 2‖

Fischer, W.J., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, L122, ―Herschel-PACS Imaging of Protostars in the HH 1-2 Outflow Complex‖

Fittingoff, A., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 728, ―A Survey of Ultraviolet-Bright Sources behind the Halo of M31‖

Fleming, S.W., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 1186, ―Discovery of a Low-Mass Companion to a Metal-Rich F Star with the MARVELS Pilot Project‖

Floyd, D., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 66, ―Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. III. Radio Galaxies and Quasars in Context‖

Freedman Woods, D., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1857, ―Triggered Star Formation in Galaxy Pairs at z = 0.08– 0.38‖

Freeland, E., Chomiuk, L., Keenan, R., Nelson, T. 2010, AJ, 139, 865, ―Evidence for a Strong End-on Bar in the Ringed ζ-Drop Galaxy NGC 6503‖

132 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Friel, E.D., Jacobson, H.R., Pilachowski, C.A. 2010, AJ, 139, 1942, ―Abundances of Red Giants in Old Open Clusters. V. Be 31, Be 32, Be 39, M 67, NGC 188, and NGC 1193‖

Geller, A.M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1383, ―WIYN Open Cluster Study. XXXVIII. Stellar Radial Velocities in the Young Open Cluster M35 (NGC 2168)‖

Geller, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 832, ―SHELS: Testing Weak-Lensing Maps with Redshift Surveys‖

Gilbert, K., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 1275, ―The Splash Survey: A Spectroscopic Portrait of Andromeda‘s Giant Southern Stream‖

Ginsburg, A., Bally, J., Yan, C.-H., Williams, J. 2009, ApJ, 707, 310, ―Outflows and Massive Stars in the Protocluster IRAS 05358+3543‖

Glikman, E., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1498, ―The Faint End of the Quasar Luminosi- ty Function at z ~ 4‖

Glinski, R., et al. 2009, Ap&SS, 323, 337, ―Current Assessment of the Red Rectangle Band Problem‖

Gorlova, N., Steinhauer, A., Lada, E. 2010, ApJ, 716, 634, ―FLAMINGOS Near Infrared Survey of the Serpens Cloud Main Core‖

Green, P., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1578, ―SDSS J1254+0846: A Binary Quasar Caught in the Act of Merg- ing‖

Gulbis, A., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 350, ―Unbiased Inclination Distributions for Objects in the Kuiper Belt‖

Haas, M., et al. 2009, A&A, 507, 713, ―Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Selected Galaxies‖

Haines, C., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, 126, ―LOCUSS: The Mid-Infrared Butcher-Oemler Effect‖

Hart, Q., Stocke, J., Hallman, E. 2009, ApJ, 705, 854, ―X-ray Point Sources and Radio Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies‖

Hartigan, P., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 1073, ―Laboratory Experiments, Numerical Simulations, and Astronom- ical Observations of Deflected Supersonic Jets: Application to HH 110‖

Hayden, B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 350, ―The Rise and Fall of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves in the SDSS- II Supernova Survey‖

Hennawi, J.F., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1672, ―Binary Quasars at High Redshift. I. 24 New Quasar Pairs at z ~ 3–4‖

Herrmann, K., Ciardullo, R. 2009, ApJ, 705, 1686, ―Planetary Nebulae in Face-on Spiral Galaxies. III. Planetary Nebula Kinematics and Disk Mass‖

Hickox, R., et al. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 341, ―Clustering, Host Galaxies, and Evolution of AGN‖

Honeycutt, R.K., Kafka, S. 2010, AJ, 139, 2706, ―FBS 0107-082: A Symbiotic Binary in a Rare Prolonged Outburst?‖

133 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Hong, S.A., Rosenberg, J.L., Ashby, M.L., Salzer, J.J. 2010, ApJ, 717, 503, ―Infrared Properties of a Complete Sample of Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies‖

Horch, E., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 205, ―CCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars with the WIYN Tele- scope. VI. Measures during 2007-2008‖

Hrivnak, B., Lu, W., Maupin, R., Spitzbart, B. 2010, ApJ, 709, 1042, ―Variability in Proto-planetary Nebulae. I. Light Curve Studies of 12 Carbon-Rich Objects‖

Ilbert, O., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 644, ―Galaxy Stellar Mass Assembly between 0.2 < z < 2 from the S- COSMOS Survey‖

Inada, N., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 403, ―The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. IV. Statistical Lens Sample from the Fifth Data Release‖

James, D.J., et al. 2010, A&A, 515, A100, ―New Rotation Periods in the Open Cluster NGC 1039 (M 34), and a Derivation of Its Gyrochronology Age‖

Jeon, Y., et al. 2009, ASP Conf. 418, eds. T. Onaka, et al. (ASP), 503, ―Optical/NIR Imaging of AKARI NEP-wide Survey Field‖

Jeon, Y., et al. 2010, ApJS, 190, 166, ―Optical Images and Source Catalog of AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field‖

Kalirai, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 671, ―The SPLASH Survey: Internal Kinematics, Chemical Abundances, and Masses of the Andromeda I, II, III, VII, X, and XIV Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies‖

Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 572, ―A Multiwavelength Study of a Sample of 70 μm Selected Galaxies in the COSMOS Field. I. Spectral Energy Distributions and Luminosities‖

Kawka, A., Vennes, S., Vaccaro, T.R. 2010, A&A, 516, L7, ―The Double Degenerate System NLTT 11748‖

Knight, M.M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 926, ―Photometric Study of the Kreutz Comets Observed by SOHO from 1996 to 2005‖

Kobulnicky, H., Gilbert, I., Kiminki, D. 2010, ApJ, 710, 549, ―OB Stars and Stellar Bow Shocks in Cygnus-X: A Novel Laboratory Estimating Stellar Mass Loss Rates‖

Kobulnicky, H.A., Martin, C.L. 2010, ApJ, 718, 724, ―The Diffuse and Compact X-ray Components of the Starburst Galaxy Henize 2-10‖

Koss, M., Mushotzky, R., Veilleux, S., Winter, L. 2010, ApJ, 716, L125, ―Merging and Clustering of the Swift BAT AGN Sample‖

Kozlowski, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 530, ―Mid-Infrared Variability from the Spitzer Deep Wide-Field Survey‖

Krick, J., et al. 2009, ApJS, 185, 85, ―The Infrared Array Camera Dark Field: Far-Infrared to X-ray Data‖

134 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Krug, H., Rupke, D., Veilleux, S. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1145, ―Neutral Gas Outflows and Inflows in Infrared- Faint Seyfert Galaxies‖

Kunder, A., Chaboyer, B., Layden, A. 2010, AJ, 139, 415, ―The Determination of Reddening from Intrinsic VR Colors of RR Lyrae Stars‖

Kuzio de Naray, R., Zagursky, M., McGaugh, S. 2009, AJ, 138, 1082, ―Kinematic and Photometric Evidence for a Bar in NGC 2683‖

Landolt, A. 2010, The Observatory, 130, 33, ―UBV photometry of HD 1‖

Landolt, A.U., Africano, J.L. 2010, PASP, 122, 1008, ―Photometry of a Group of Stars in the Direction of NGC 1746/1750/1758‖

Landolt, A.U., Clem, J.L. 2010, PASP, 122, 541, ―Monitoring R CrB at Minimum Light‖

Latham, D.W., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L140, ―Kepler-7b: A Transiting Planet with Un- usually Low Density‖

Leauthaud, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 97, ―A Weak Lensing Study of X-ray Groups in the Cosmos Survey: Form and Evolution of the Mass-Luminosity Relation‖

Lebzelter, T., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2010, A&A, 517, A6, ―Abundance Analysis for Long Period Va- riables. Velocity Effects Studied with O-Rich Dynamic Model Atmospheres‖

Lee, J.-J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, L146, ―Resolved Shock Structure of the Balmer-Dominated Filaments in Tycho‘s Supernova Remnant: Cosmic-ray Precursor?‖

Lee, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 1083, ―The Globular Cluster System of the Virgo Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636. II. Kinematics of the Globular Cluster System‖

Lewis, K.T., Eracleous, M., Storchi-Bergmann, T. 2010, ApJS, 187, 416, ―Long-Term Profile Variability in Active Galactic Nucleus with Double-Peaked Balmer Emission Lines‖

Lin, H.-W., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 1030, ―On the Detection of Two New Trans-Neptunian Binaries from the CFEPS Kuiper Belt Survey‖

Lintott, C., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 129, ―Galaxy Zoo: ‗Hanny‘s Voorwerp‘, a Quasar Light Echo?‖

Long, K.S., et al. 2010, ApJS, 187, 495, ―The Chandra ACIS Survey of M33: X-ray, Optical, and Radio Properties of the Supernova Remnants‖

Mancone, C.L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 284, ―The Formation of Massive Cluster Galaxies‖

Marsh, A., McSwain, M., Currie, T. 2010, IAU Symp. 266, eds. R. de Grijs and J. Lépine (Cambridge), 462, ―Analysis of the B and Be-Star Populations of the Double Cluster h and χ Persei‖

Martioli, E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 625, ―The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 136118 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities‖

135 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I., McAlister, H.A. 2010, AJ, 140, 242, ―Binary Star Orbits. III. Revisiting the Remarkable Case of Tweedledum and Tweedledee‖

Mason, B.D., Hartkopf, W.I., Tokovinin, A. 2010, AJ, 140, 735, ―Binary Star Orbits. IV. Orbits of 18 Southern Interferometric Pairs‖

Mathieu, R., Geller, A. 2009, Nature, 462, 1032, ―A Binary Star Fraction of 76 per Cent and Unusual Orbit Parameters for the Blue Stragglers of NGC 188‖

McSwain, M., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 857, ―Multiwavelength Observations of the Runaway Binary HD 15137‖

Meisner, A., Romani, R. 2010, ApJ, 712, 14, ―Imaging Redshift Estimates for BL Lacertae Objects‖

Meixner, M., … Knezek, P., … Joyce, R.R., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 451, ―Design Overview and Perfor- mance of the WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC)‖

Meneux, B., et al. 2009, A&A, 505, 463, ―The zCOSMOS survey. The Dependence of Clustering on Luminosity and Stellar Mass at z = 0.2-1‖

Merluzzi, P., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 753, ―ACCESS: NIR Luminosity Function and Stellar Mass Function of Galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster Environment‖

Messineo, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1241, ―Hubble Space Telescope/Near-Infrared Camera and Multi- object Spectrometer Observations of the GLIMPSE9 Stellar Cluster‖

Meusinger, H., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A1, ―J004457+4123 (Sharov 21): Not a Remarkable Nova in M 31 but a Background Quasar with a Spectacular UV Flare‖

Milingo, J., Kwitter, K., Henry, R., Souza, S. 2010, ApJ, 711, 619, ―Alpha Element Abundances in a Large Sample of Galactic Planetary Nebulae‖

Montgomery, M.H., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 84, ―Evidence for Temperature Change and Oblique Pulsation from Light Curve Fits of the Pulsating White Dwarf GD 358‖

Moore, C.A., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 253, ―The Wyoming Survey for Hα. III. A Multi-wavelength Look at Attenuation by Dust in Galaxies Out to z ~ 0.4‖

Morgan, C.W., Kochanek, C.S., Morgan, N.D., Falco, E.E. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1129, ―The Quasar Accretion Disk Size-Black Hole Mass Relation‖

Muchovej, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 521, ―Radio Sources from a 31 GHz Sky Survey with the Sunyaev- Zel‘dovich Array‖

Muñoz-Mateos, J., et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, 1569, ―Radial Distribution of Stars, Gas, and Dust in SINGS Galaxies. I. Surface Photometry and Morphology‖

Noguchi, K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 144, ―Scattered X-rays in Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei and Their Implications for Geometrical Structure and Evolution‖

Oesch, P.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, L47, ―The Buildup of the Hubble Sequence in the Cosmos Field‖

136 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Orio, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 739, ―A Census of the Supersoft X-ray Sources in M31‖

Park, H., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 377, ―The Globular Cluster System of the Virgo Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636. I. Subaru/Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph Spectroscopy and Database‖

Pearson, C.P., et al. 2010, A&A, 514, A8, ―Source Counts at 15 Microns from the AKARI NEP Survey‖

Poleski, R., et al. 2010, ApJS, 189, 134, ―The XO Planetary Survey Project: Astrophysical False Positives‖

Poole, V., Worthey, G., Lee, H., Serven, J. 2010, AJ, 139, 809, ―On the Anomalous Balmer Line Strengths in Globular Clusters‖

Raghavan, D., et al. 2010, ApJS, 190, 1, ―A Survey of Stellar Families: Multiplicity of Solar-Type Stars‖

Raymond, J.C., et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 901, ―Non-Maxwellian Hα Profiles in Tycho‘s Supernova Remnant‖

Rhode, K.L., Windschitl, J.L., Young, M.D. 2010, AJ, 140, 430, ―WIYN Imaging of the Globular Cluster Systems of the Spiral Galaxies NGC 891 and NGC 4013‖

Richards, M.T., Sharova, O.I., Agafonov, M.I. 2010, ApJ, 720, 996, ―Three-Dimensional Doppler Tomo- graphy of the RS Vulpeculae Interacting Binary‖

Roberts, L.C., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 744, ―The Membership and Distance of the Open Cluster Collinder 419‖

Rowe, J.F., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, L150, ―Kepler Observations of Transiting Hot Compact Objects‖

Rujopakarn, W., … Jannuzi, B.T., … Dey, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 1171, ―The Evolution of the Star Formation Rate of Galaxies at 0.0 ≤ z ≤ 1.2‖

Ryan, C., De Robertis, M. 2010, ApJ, 710, 783, ―The Local Environments of Interacting Galaxy Systems‖

Sánchez-Blázquez, P., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 400, 1264, ―Are Dry Mergers Dry, Moist or Wet?‖

Sandquist, E.L., Gordon, M., Levine, D., Bolte, M. 2010, AJ, 139, 2374, ―A Re-evaluation of the Evolved Stars in the Globular Cluster M13‖

Serven, J., Worthey, G. 2010, AJ, 140, 152, ―Emission Corrections for Hydrogen Features of the Graves et al. Sloan Digital Sky Survey Averages of Early-Type, Non-liner Galaxies‖

Stalder, B., Chambers, K., Vacca, W. 2009, ApJS, 185, 124, ―58 Radio Sources Near Bright Natural Guide Stars‖

Strassmeier, K.G., et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A52, ―Rotation and Magnetic Activity of the Hertzsprung-Gap Giant 31 Comae‖

Strazzullo, V., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1305, ―The Deep Swire Field. IV. First Properties of the Sub-mJy Galaxy Population: Redshift Distribution, AGN Activity, and Star Formation‖

Stringfellow, G.S., Bally, J., Ginsburg, A. 2009, Protostellar Jets in Context, eds. K. Tsinganos, T. Ray, M. Stute (Springer), 623, ―Young Stellar Jets and Outflows in the Massive Star Forming Complex W5‖

137 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Szkody, P., … Howell, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 64, ―Finding the Instability Strip for Accreting Pulsating White Dwarfs from Hubble Space Telescope and Optical Observations‖

Tabatabaei, F.S., Berkhuijsen, E.M. 2010, A&A, 517, A77, ―Relating Dust, Gas, and the Rate of Star Formation in M 31‖

Takagi, T., et al. 2010, A&A, 514, A5, ―Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Luminous Galaxies at z ~ 1‖

Tanaka, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1168, ―Structure and Population of the Andromeda Stellar Halo from a Subaru/Suprime-Cam Survey‖

Tantalo, R., et al. 2010, A&A, 518, A43, ―Formation and Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies: Spectro- Photometry from Cosmo-Chemo-Dynamical Simulations‖

Thomas, C., Binzel, R. 2010, Icarus, 205, 419, ―Identifying Meteorite Source Regions through Near-Earth Object Spectroscopy‖

Tollerud, E., Barton, E., van Zee, L., Cooke, J. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1076, ―The WHIQII Survey: Metallicities and Spectroscopic Properties of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies‖

Touhami, Y., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 379, ―Spectral Energy Distributions of Be and Other Massive Stars‖

Tran, K., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 809, ―A Spectroscopically Confirmed Excess of 24 μm Sources in a Super Galaxy Group at z = 0.37: Enhanced Dusty Star Formation Relative to the Cluster and Field Environment‖

Trichas, M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 2243, ―Spectroscopic Identifications of SWIRE Sources in ELAIS- N1‖

Tueller, J., et al. 2010, ApJS, 186, 378, ―The 22 Month Swift-BAT All-Sky Hard X-ray Survey‖

van Dokkum, P., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 1018, ―The Growth of Massive Galaxies Since z = 2‖

van Eyken, J.C., Ge, J., Mahadevan, S. 2010, ApJS, 189, 156, ―Theory of Dispersed Fixed-Delay Interfe- rometry for Radial Velocity Exoplanet Searches‖

van Eymeren, J., et al. 2009, A&A, 505, 105, ―A Kinematic Study of the Irregular Dwarf Galaxy NGC 4861 Using H I and Hα Observations‖

Vennes, S., Kawka, A., Vaccaro, T., Silvestri, N. 2009, A&A, 507, 1613, ―The Double Degenerate LP 400- 22 Revisited‖

Wang, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 474, ―A Chandra Study of the Rosette Star-Forming Complex. III. The NGC 2237 Cluster and the Region‘s Star Formation History‖

Wang, J.-X., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 762, ―Lyα -Emitting Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 4.5 in the LALA Cetus Field‖

Westmoquette, M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1571, ―The Optical Structure of the Starburst Galaxy M82. II. Nebular Properties of the Disk and Inner Wind‖

138 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Westmoquette, M.S., Gallagher, J.S., de Poitiers, L. 2010, MNRAS, 403, 1719, ―Ionized Gas in the Starburst Core and Halo of NGC 1140‖

Westra, E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 534, ―Evolution of the H Luminosity Function‖

Whitaker, K.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1715, ―The Age Spread of Quiescent Galaxies with the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey: Identification of the Oldest Galaxies Out to z ~ 2‖

Wilkes, B., et al. 2009, ApJS, 185, 433, ―The SWIRE/Chandra Survey: The X-ray Sources‖

Windmiller, G., Orosz, J.A., Etzel, P.B. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1003, ―The Effect of Starspots on Accurate Radius Determination of the Low-Mass Double-Lined Eclipsing Binary Gu Boo‖

Winter, L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 503, ―Optical Spectral Properties of Swift Burst Alert Telescope Hard X- ray-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei Sources‖

Yang, Y., Zabludoff, A., Eisenstein, D., Dave, R. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1654, ―Strong Field-to-Field Variation of Lyα Nebulae Populations at z ~= 2.3‖

Yukita, M., Swartz, D., Tennant, A., Soria, R. 2010, AJ, 139, 1066, ―An X-ray View of Star Formation in the Central 3 kpc of NGC 2403‖

Zboril, M. 2010, Ap&SS, 327, 19, ―UZ Lib Extended Atmosphere‖

D.3 GEMINI TELESCOPES (NOAO SYSTEM SCIENCE CENTER)

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 54 publications used data taken at the Gemini telescopes:

Andrews, J.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 541, ―SN 2007od: A Type IIP Supernova with Circumstellar Interaction‖

Arcavi, I., et al. 2010, ApJ, 721, 777, ―Core-Collapse Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Indications for a Different Population in Dwarf Galaxies‖

Bayliss, M.B., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1559, ―Two Lensed Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies at z ~ 5‖

Berger, E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 332, ―Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs. III. X-ray, Radio, and Hα Activity Trends in M and L Dwarfs‖

Berger, E., Cenko, S.B., Fox, D.B., Cucchiara, A. 2009, ApJ, 704, 877, ―Discovery of the Very Red Near- Infrared and Optical Afterglow of the Short-Duration GRB 070724A‖

Biller, B.A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, L82, ―The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign: Discovery of a Close Substellar Companion to the Young Debris Disk Star PZ Tel‖

Botticella, M.T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, L52, ―Supernova 2009kf: An Ultraviolet Bright Type IIP Supernova Discovered with Pan-STARRS 1 and GALEX‖

 Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Expe- riences for Undergraduates (REU) program

139 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Burningham, B., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 406, 1885, ―47 New T Dwarfs from the UKIDSS Large Area Survey‖

Cherinka, B., Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E., Rosenberg, J.L. 2009, AJ, 138, 1714, ―H I Observations of the Ca II Absorbing Galaxies Mrk 1456 and SDSS J211701.26-002633.7‖

Chiboucas, K., et al. 2009, ApJS, 184, 271, ―The Gemini/HST Cluster Project: Structural and Photometric Properties of Galaxies in Three z = 0.28-0.89 Clusters‖

Close, L.M., Males, J.R. 2010, ApJ, 709, 342, ―A Search for Wide Companions to the Extrasolar Planetary System HR 8799‖

Cobb, B.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, L150, ―Discovery of SN 2009nz Associated with GRB 091127‖

Correia, S., Zinnecker, H., Ridgway, S.T., McCaughrean, M.J. 2009, A&A, 505, 673, ―The H2 Velocity Structure of Inner Knots in HH 212: Asymmetries and Rotation‖

De Buizer, J.M., Vacca, W.D. 2010, AJ, 140, 196, ―Direct Spectroscopic Identification of the Origin of ‗Green Fuzzy‘ Emission in Star-Forming Regions‖

Díaz-Santos, T., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 328, ―A High Spatial Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Nuclei and Star-Forming Regions in Luminous Infrared Galaxies‖

Dupuy, T.J., Liu, M.C., Bowler, B.P. 2009 ApJ, 706, 328, ―Dynamical Mass of the M8+M8 Binary 2MASS J22062280 – 2047058AB‖

Fletcher, L.N., et al. 2010, Icarus, 208, 306, ―Thermal Structure and Composition of Jupiter‘s Great Red Spot from High-Resolution Thermal Imaging‖

Fritz, A., Jørgensen, I., Schiavon, R.P., Chiboucas, K. 2009, Astronomische Nachrichten, 330, 931, ―The Evolution of Cluster Early-Type Galaxies over the Past 8 Gyr‖

García-Hernández, D.A., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 144, ―Oxygen Isotopic Ratios in Cool R Coronae Borealis Stars‖

Geballe, T.R., Oka, T. 2010, ApJ, 709, L70, ―Two New and Remarkable Sightlines through the Galactic Center‘s Molecular Gas‖

Graham, M.L., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 594, ―The Type Ia Supernova Rate in Radio and Infrared Galaxies from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Supernova Legacy Survey‖

Harrison, T.E., Bornak, J., Rupen, M.P., Howell, S.B. 2010, ApJ, 710, 325, ―Additional Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of Three Intermediate Polars: The Detection of a Mid-Infrared Synchrotron Flare from V1223 Sagittarii‖

Hynes, R.I., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 2239, ―The Quiescent Spectral Energy Distribution of V404 Cyg‖

140 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Indriolo, N., Hobbs, L.M., Hinkle, K.H., McCall, B.J. 2009, ApJ, 703, 2131, ―Interstellar Metastable Helium Absorption as a Probe of the Cosmic-ray Ionization Rate‖

Jönsson, J., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 535, ―Constraining Dark Matter Halo Properties Using Lensed Supernova Legacy Survey Supernovae‖

Kilic, M., et al. 2010, ApJS, 190, 77, ―A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey‖

Kronborg, T., et al. 2010, A&A, 514, A44, ―Gravitational Lensing in the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS)‖

Kubota, K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 1374, ―Subaru and Gemini Observations of SS 433: New Constraint on the Mass of the Compact Object‖

Levesque, E.M., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 963, ―GRB090426: The Environment of a Rest-Frame 0.35-s Gamma-ray Burst at a Redshift of 2.609‖

Martin, J.C., Davidson, K., Humphreys, R.M., Hehner, A. 2010, AJ, 139, 2056, ―Mid-Cycle Changes in Eta Carinae‖

Maurer, J.I., …. Matheson, T., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 161, ―Characteristic Velocities of Stripped- Envelope Core-Collapse Supernova Cores‖

McLeod, K.K., Bechtold, J. 2009 ApJ, 704, 415, ―Host Galaxies of z = 4 Quasars‖

Mehner, A., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, L22, ―A Sea Change in Eta Carinae‖

Mentuch, E., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1020, ―A Near-Infrared Excess in the Continuum of High-Redshift Galaxies: A Tracer of Star Formation and Circumstellar Disks?‖

Morlok, A., et al. 2010, Icarus, 207, 45, ―Mid-Infrared Spectra of the Shocked Murchison CM Chondrite: Comparison with Astronomical Observations of Dust in Debris Disks‖

Mothé-Diniz, T., et al. 2010, A&A, 514, 86, ―Re-assessing the Ordinary Chondrites Paradox‖

Nielsen, E.L., Close, L.M. 2010, ApJ, 717, 878, ―A Uniform Analysis of 118 Stars with High-Contrast Imaging: Long-Period Extrasolar Giant Planets are Rare around Sun-like Stars‖

Palanque-Delabrouille, N., et al. 2010, A&A, 514, 63, ―Photometric Redshifts for Type Ia Supernovae in the Supernova Legacy Survey‖

Perley, D.A., et al. 2009, AJ, 138, 1690, ―The Host Galaxies of Swift Dark Gamma-ray Bursts: Observa- tional Constraints on Highly Obscured and Very High Redshift GRBs‖

Perrett, K., et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 518, ―Real-Time Analysis and Selection Biases in the Supernova Legacy Survey‖

Rice, E.L., Faherty, J.K., Cruz, K.L. 2010, ApJ, 715, L165, ―The Lowest-Mass Member of the β Pictoris Moving Group‖

141 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Rothberg, B., Fischer, J. 2010, ApJ, 712, 318, ―Unveiling the ζ-Discrepancy in Infrared-Luminous Mer- gers. I. Dust and Dynamics‖

Scarlata, C., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 1241, ―He II Emission in Lyα Nebulae: Active Galactic Nucleus or Cooling Radiation?‖

Sesar, B., Vivas, A.K., Duffau, S., Ivezić, A. 2010, ApJ, 717, 133, ―Halo Velocity Groups in the Pisces Overdensity‖

Seth, A.C., …, Olsen, K., Blum, R.D., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 713, ―The NGC 404 Nucleus: Star Cluster and Possible Intermediate-Mass Black Hole‖

Skemer, A.J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 1280, ―ISM Dust Grains and N-Band Spectral Variability in the Spatially Resolved Subarcsecond Binary UY Aur‖

Smith, N., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 952, ―Massive Star Formation and Feedback in W49A: The Source of Our Galaxy‘s Most Luminous Water Maser Outflow‖

Sullivan, M., et al. 2010, MNRAS 406, 782, ―The Dependence of Type Ia Supernovae Luminosities on Their Host Galaxies‖

Sun, M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 946, ―Spectacular X-ray Tails, Intracluster Star Formation, and ULXs in A3627‖

Tanvir, N.R., et al. 2009, Nature, 461, 1254, ―A γ-ray Burst at a Redshift of z ~ 8.2‖

Thompson, S.E., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 296, ―Pulsational Mapping of Calcium across the Surface of a White Dwarf‖

Tokovinin, A., Hartung, M., Hayward, T.L. 2010, AJ, 140, 510, ―Subsystems in Nearby Solar-Type Wide Binaries‖

Vilardell, F., et al. 2010, A&A, 509, A70, ―The Distance to the Andromeda Galaxy from Eclipsing Binaries‖

D.4 W. M. KECK OBSERVATORY: KECK I AND II

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 12 publications used data taken at the Keck telescopes:

Bakos, G., et al. 2009, ApJ, 707, 446, ―HAT-P-13b,c: A Transiting Hot Jupiter with a Massive Outer Companion on an Eccentric Orbit‖

Bakos, G., et al. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1724, ―HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field‖

Gelino, C., Burgasser, A. 2010, AJ, 140, 110, ―2MASS J20261584 – 2943124: An Unresolved L0.5 + T6 Spectral Binary‖

 Time allocation from Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) award or Facilities Instrumentation Program (FIP).

142 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Hartman, J., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 785, ―HAT-P-12b: A Low-Density Sub-Saturn Mass Planet Transiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf‖

Kacprzak, G.G., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 533, ―Halo Gas and Galaxy Disk Kinematics Derived from Observa- tions and ΛCDM Simulations of Mg II Absorption-selected Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift‖

Latham, D., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, 1107, ―Discovery of a Transiting Planet and Eight Eclipsing Binaries in HATNet Field G205‖

McLeod, K., Bechtold, J. 2009, ApJ, 704, 415, ―Host Galaxies of z = 4 Quasars‖

Pál, A., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 2665, ―Refined Stellar, Orbital and Planetary Parameters of the Eccentric HAT-P-2 Planetary System‖

Rivera, E.J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1492, ―A Super-Earth Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like Star HD 1461‖

Torres, G., et al. 2010, ApJ, 715, 458, ―HAT-P-14b: A 2.2 M J Exoplanet Transiting a Bright F Star‖

Vogt, S.S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 708, 1366, ―A Super-Earth and Two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like Star 61 Virginis‖

Willott, C.J., et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 906, ―The Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey: Nine New Quasars and the Luminosity Function at Redshift 6‖

D.5 HET AND MMT

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 9 publications used data taken at the HET and MMT telescopes:

Friel, E.D., Jacobson, H.R., Pilachowski, C.A. 2010, AJ, 139, 1942, ―Abundances of Red Giants in Old Open Clusters. V. Be 31, Be 32, Be 39, M 67, NGC 188, and NGC 1193‖

Hennawi, J.F., et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, 1672, ―Binary Quasars at High Redshift. I. 24 New Quasar Pairs at z ~ 3–4‖

Israel, H., et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A58, ―The 400d Galaxy Cluster Survey Weak Lensing Programme. I. MMT/Megacam Analysis of CL0030+2618 at z = 0.50‖

King, J.R., Schuler, S.C., Hobbs, L.M., Pinsonneault, M.H. 2010, ApJ, 710, 1610, ―Li I and K I Scatter in Cool Pleiades Dwarfs‖

Lawler, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 711, 1297, ―Gas Absorption in the KH 15D System: Further Evidence for Dust Settling in the Circumbinary Disk‖

Magrini, L., Stanghellini, L., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A63, ―Metal Production in M 33: Space and Time Variations‖

Moran, S.M., et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1126, ―UGC8802: A Massive Disk Galaxy in Formation‖

 Time allocation from Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) award or Facilities Instrumentation Program (FIP).

143 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010

Poleski, R., et al. 2010, ApJS, 189, 134, ―The XO Planetary Survey Project: Astrophysical False Positives‖

Schuler, S.C., Plunkett, A.L., King, J.R., Pinsonneault, M.H. 2010, PASP, 122, 766, ―Fe I and Fe II Abundances of Solar-Type Dwarfs in the Pleiades Open Cluster1‖

D.6 MAGELLAN

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 4 publications used data taken at the Magellan telescopes:

Chen, H.-W., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1521, ―An Empirical Characterization of Extended Cool Gas around Galaxies Using Mg II Absorption Features‖

Papovich, C., … Lotz, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 1503, ―A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.62‖

Tran, K.-V.H., … Lotz, J., et al. 2010, ApJ, L126, ―Reversal of Fortune: Confirmation of an Increasing Star Formation-Density Relation in a Cluster at z = 1.62‖

Wang, J.-X., et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, 762, ―Lyα-Emitting Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 4.5 in the LALA Cetus Field‖

D.7 CHARA AND HALE

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), zero publications used data taken at the CHARA and Hale telescopes from time assigned through the NOAO TAC.

D.8 NOAO SCIENCE ARCHIVE

During FY10 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010), 23 publications used data stored in the NOAO Science Archive:

Assef, R.J., et al. 2010, ApJ, 713, 970, ―Low-Resolution Spectral Templates for Active Galactic Nuclei and Galaxies from 0.03 to 30 μm‖

Brown, M. 2009, 5th International Workshop on the Dark Side of the Universe, eds. C. Balazs and F. Weing (AIP), 57, ―Slow Galaxy Growth within Rapidly Growing Dark Matter Halos‖

Bussmann, R., Dey, A. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 461, ―HST Morphologies of z ~ 2 Dust Obscured Galaxies‖

Bussmann, R., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 184, ―Infrared Luminosities and Dust Properties of z ≈ 2 Dust-Obscured Galaxies‖

Calchi Novati, S., et al. 2010, ApJ, 717, 987, ―M31 Pixel Lensing Event OAB-N2: A Study of the Lens Proper Motion‖

Dey, A., et al. 2009, ASP Conf. 408, eds. W. Wang, et al. (ASP), 411, ―The Pedigrees of DOGs (Dust- Obscured Galaxies)‖

 Time allocation from Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) award or Facilities Instrumentation Program (FIP).

144 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES