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History, Observations and Monitoring of Pediocactus Peeblesianus Var

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History, Observations and Monitoring of Pediocactus Peeblesianus Var History, Observations and Monitoring of Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae on the Arizona Strip Item Type Article Authors Hughes, Lee Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 06/10/2021 05:57:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554196 PediocactusHughes 15 The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has conducted searches for P ediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae since the late 1970s and has found it to be rare and not present in History, Observations andmany limestone areas that appear to be good habitat. P Monitoring of Pediocactuspeeblesianus var. fickeiseniae usually grows near Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea (foxtail cactus). The au- peeblesianus van fickeiseniae onthor has never found this variety in the absence of this com- panion plant. The Coryphantha grows more often in lime- the Arizona Strip stone derived soils, where P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae rarely grows. Lee Hughes Many of the region's professional and amateur botanists The Bureau of Land Management have developed an interest in the conservation and study of 345 East Riverside Drive Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae. A review of the St. George, Utah 84770 records of BLM's Arizona Strip District reveals several dis- coveries of P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae (U.S. Dept. of Introduction the Interior, 1992, 1994). In May of 1977, H. Kuenaler and Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae is a small desert Ralph Gierisch found a small number ofP.. peeblesianus var. grassland cactus commonly known as the Fickeisen plainsfickeiseniae in the Sunshine Ridge area. This was followed cactus. This cactus if one of the plants monitored on theby the discovery of larger populations of P peeblesianus Arizona Strip, a strip of land along the Arizona -Utah border var. fickeiseniae in Sunshine Ridge by Lowell and Dorothy (Figure 1). Like the Brady pincushion cactus which grows Woodbury in September, 1979. In May, 1979, Ralph Gierisch, on the Marble Canyon rim of the Strip, during dry spells thethis time accompanied by D.C. Anderson, found a popula- taproot of Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae con-tion on the west side of House Rock Valley. In that same year, tracts causing the plant to retreat into the soil. It re- emergesArt Phillips located P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae on the in response to precipitation. P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniaerims of Bedrock, Marble, and North Canyons (phillips et al., is a study- friendly cactus, whose soft spines allow it to be 1979). Ralph Gierisch, Dorothy Woodbury, and Lowell measured with few if any punctures. Woodbury found P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae near Toquer Tank in Hurricane Valley and in Mainstreet Valley. In Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae is a Category 1981, the Woodburys found P. peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae one candidate species for federal protection; "taxa for whichon the top of Hurricane Cliffs. BLM records then skip to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has sufficient information 1985 -87 when Lee Hughes and Ralph Gierisch (Gierisch, 1979- on vulnerability and threats to support a proposal to list1987) discovered other populations of P peeblesianus var. them as threatened or endangered" (U.S. Fish and Wildlifefickeiseniae in Hurricane Valley. These two botanists set up Service, 1992). monitoring plots and transects in 1987 at Mainstreet (Dutch- man), Toquer Tank, Clayhole Ridge, Sunshine Ridge and Earle (1963) described Pediocactus peeblesianus var.North Canyon. From 1987 to the present, searches have con- fickeiseniae as follows: tinued for P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae, however, none of the recent findings have been far from populations found " A 7.5 cm (3 inch) tall plant, 4 cm (1 5/8 inches) in diameter; in the late 1970's and early 1980's. All of the above searchers 5 cm (2 inches) of its height is usually underground; thedescribed the species occurrence as scarce and rare, but the prominent tubercles are 5 to 9 mm (3/16 to 3/8 inch) tall andfew plants found were reported as healthy. form 6 to 8 spiralled rows around the plant; central spine is 6 mm (3/16 inch) long, spreading, ashy- white). Flowers appear Habitat Description in April, creamy to yellow, 1.85 cm (3/4 inch) in diameter; fruit greenish- maroon, 0.65 cm (1/4) inch) in diameter; seeds gray- Soils ish- black." (Figures 2,3,4) Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae grows on soils derived from exposed layers of Kaibab limestone on the mar- Benson's (1969) comparison table (Table 1) describesgins of canyons or well- drained hills in the Navajoan Desert Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae and two other at an elevation of 4,000 -5,000 feet. The composition and chem- varieties of Pediocactus peeblesianus. istry of these soils are shown in Table 2. The soil samples were taken from one or two soil pits at each of the localities Occurrences of Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae are listed. The sampling was intended to be cursory and to give geographically disjointed on the Arizona Strip, from Mainstreet a hint of the soil physics and chemistry whereP. peeblesianus Valley on the west to Marble Canyon on the east. This speciesvar. fickeiseniae grows. grows on limestone ridges back from limestone cliffs, and on the toe slopes of limestone- derived.soils. 16 Desert Plants1996 Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae General Locations - Arizona Strip District RIB II Mimi iiiiMISFLOOems 31 F1111111111111111n1P MEW 11111111111111 iv- MINIM ISIII 1/4I IIEl a Ell NM NW Ern Legend - Paved Highway Bureau of Land Management Miles Primary Unpaved Roads St. George, Utah o 510 15 Figure 1. The Arizona Strip Climate mined. Fruiting is noted if plots and transects are monitored The climate of the Arizona Strip is typical for the Southwest.at the proper time of the year. At the Sunshine transect, two The winter precipitation pattern is influenced by large storms plots were established in 1994. off the north Pacific. These slow, steady storms last several days, after which low temperatures give the precipitation time The width ofPediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae has to soak into the soil. Summer brings rain in the form of in-been measured in the Dutchman and North Canyon plots. tense thunderstorms from July into September. These storms Two transects have also been read annually at the Clayhole often result in flash flooding. March and August are gener-and Sunshine locations. These transects give less accurate ally the wettest months (Green and Sellers, 1979). Table 3 is data than the plots and smaller cacti are often missed in for an elevation range of 3500 to 7500 feet above sea level. transect monitoring. However, the data is accurate enough to detect changes in width similar to those changes shown in Vegetation plots. Other small populations in outlying habitats are marked Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae is associated withwith rebar placed in the center of cactus clusters. These rebar vegetation of the desert grasslands. The dominant speciessites are visited once every five to ten years, and the data is are blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), black grama (Boutelouaused to determine if the cactus is still present. eriopoda), galleta ( Hilaria jamesii), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae),Since 1986, Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae has and sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata). When it has long softbeen monitored at four locations across the Strip. Table 4 spines, P peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae often appears like shows annual measurements of width; table 5 shows mortality, the basal leaves of the blue grama or galleta grass. and fruiting is shown in table 6. All data are from 1986 to 1993. Monitoring Studies Discussion At the plots and transects set up to monitor PediocactusOn the Dutchman plot, site of the most dense Pediocactus peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae, the cacti are tagged, mapped,peeblesianus var. fickeiseniae population, the number of and measured. Size is measured by width in millimeters, andplants have fluctuated according to growing conditions (Fig- mortality is noted along with cause of death if it can be deter- ure 5). Data from the first three years shows no very small PediocactusHughes 17 Dutchman Plot 15 40 10 0 -4.9mm 5 -10mm 10.1- 20 mm 20.1-30mm 30.1 +=I Size: Wfdlh Rainfall One Year Previous to Monitoring of the above Plots Seasonal Rainfall Fall Fall WinterWinterSpringSpringSummerSummerTotalTotal Ave. Ave. Ave. Ave. Ave. 1987 1.841.752.32 2.91 2.35 2.43 3.06 3.53 9.57 10.61 1991 .37 1.53 2.81 2.19 .90 2.01 1.53 3.29 5.61 9.02 1993 1.91 1.525.84 2.38 3.45 2.16 2.02 3.24 13.229.30 Figure 5.Width measurements at the Dutchman Plot and rainfall from the season previous to data collection. cacti (0 -9 mm), but good recruitment of very small cacti fromover a 1/4 mile length. Mortality is low, and most deaths result 1989 through 1992. The plot is dominated by the 10 to 20 mm from depredation and rot. Cattle trampling killed three cacti in 1988. width size, which is the size at which fruiting begins. All plant widths outside the 0 -4.9 mm size are well represented in The North Canyon plot is dominated by the 10 -30 mm size the plot. The difficulty of finding the 0 -4.9 mm size on theclass (Figure 6). The very small cacti 0 -4.9 mm, were sought grass- covered site could partially explain the absence of thisbut not found. Timing, however, is crucial for finding very class in the charts. In some dry years for a few months beforesmall cacti, which may be only rarely visible. Quite a few cacti monitoring, small cacti usually retract first (table 4 ). Timingshow up in the 5 -10 mm size.
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