The Early Years of Cultivation I Primi Anni Di Coltivazione

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The Early Years of Cultivation I Primi Anni Di Coltivazione Cactus & Co. – cultivation – cultivation – cactus nordamericani north american cacti Pediocactusi primi anni di the early coltivazione years of Text & Photos: Jean Bonnefond cultivation Introduzione Introduction Alla fine del 2007, in seguito alla pubblicazione di un At the end of 2007, following the publication of an ar- articolo sui Pediocactus sulla rivista Succulentes, sono ticle of mine on Pediocactus in the journal Succulentes, stato invitato a tenere presso l’ELK 2009 una confe- I was invited to give a lecture at ELK 2009 dedicated renza dedicata a questo genere. Dopo aver accettato to this genus. I accepted the invitation, but decided l’invito, mi è parso subito logico non ripercorrere straight away not to go back over what I had written quanto già scritto nel precedente articolo. Incomin- in the previous article. I was beginning to have a fair ciavo ad avere una buona conoscenza dei Pediocactus a knowledge of Pediocactus after my numerous trips to seguito dei miei numerosi viaggi negli Stati Uniti e in the United States, where in particular I had travelled particolare nel vasto settore intorno a Four Corners, e in the huge area around Four Corners; and I had long il mio interesse sulla coppia Pediocactus – Sclerocactus been extremely interested in the pair Pediocactus - era vivo ormai da tempo. Sclerocactus. Avevo già sperimentato all’inizio degli anni ’90 la In the early 1990s I had already experimented with semina di queste cactacee, rigorosamente coltivate growing these cacti from seed, rigorously cultivating sulle proprie radici, e, quindi mi proposi di incentra- them on their own roots, and so I thought I would re la conferenza sull’esperienza acquisita in materia. organise the lecture around the experiences I had ac- L’obiettivo era quello di ripercorrere tramite immagi- quired in this field. I aimed to use my slides to illus- ni i primi tre-quattro anni della coltivazione dei Pe- trate the first three or four years of cultivating Pedio- diocactus sulle loro radici. cactus on their own roots. 28 Cactus & Co. – cultivation Pediocactus Perchè i primi anni di coltivazione? Perché que- Why the early years of cultivation? Because to me sti anni mi sono sempre sembrati – e mi sembrano these years have always seemed, and indeed they still ancora adesso – i più difficili da gestire con partico- do, the most difficult ones with regard to this genus of lare riferimento a questo genere di cactacee, ciò che cactaceae, although unfortunately this does not mean non vuol dire, ahimè, che le cose siano molto più that things get too much easier after that. It is gener- facili in seguito. Ritenuti difficili da mantenere sul- ally thought that these are difficult species to grow on le proprie radici nel nostro clima, i Pediocactus sono their own roots in our climate, and Pediocactus are very piante molto “suscettibili” e spesso poco tolleranti delicate plants; even small errors of cultivation that the rispetto ai piccoli errori di coltivazione che l’appas- enthusiast may make are hard for them to withstand. sionato può commettere. Sono anche condizionate They are also conditioned by different growth cycles, da differenti cicli di vegetazione, che occorre segui- that must be followed if we are not to lose them. All in re per non perderle. In ogni caso sono convinto che all, I am convinced that the early years of growth are i primi anni di crescita siano determinanti e rap- determinant and that they represent one of the most presentino una delle tappe più difficili nella vita di difficult stages in the life of these cacti. queste cactacee. My first attempts at growingPediocactus from seed I miei primi anni di semine di Pediocactus sono were problematic and I had many failures, until I was stati per lungo tempo problematici e pieni di insuc- able to find solutions for provide better-controlled cessi, prima di arrivare ad indivi- cultivation conditions. I will duare soluzioni colturali più se- Pediocactus knowltonii, Utah. leave aside the problems I had 29 Cactus & Co. – cultivation rene e controllate. Tralascio volutamente i problemi with germination of the seeds. After germination di germinazione dei semi. Dopo la germinazione e and even if, with luck, everything seemed to be going se, per fortuna, tutto sembrava procedere bene dopo well after one year of growth, the first time I repotted un anno di crescita, dopo il primo trapianto inco- them the losses began. Whereas Mammillaria, Thelo- minciavano le perdite… E se Mammillaria, Thelo- cactus, or Ferocactus carried on growing successfully, cactus o Ferocactus crescevano bene, c’era sempre un there was always a problem with Pediocactus (and “problema” Pediocactus (e anche, nello stesso perio- also, during that same period of time, I had problems do, un “problema” Sclerocactus, i due generi sembra with Sclerocactus: these two genera seem to go hand in vadano di pari passo) … In breve, mi ero accorto che hand). In a word, I realised that it was not enough to non si trattava solo di seminare i semi e farli germi- plant the seeds and see them germinate: the problem nare: il grosso problema era mantenere in vita le gio- was to keep the young seedlings alive. vani plantule. And indeed this is the big problem in cultivating In effetti, riuscire nella coltivazione delle piante, è these plants: ensuring their survival in environments proprio questo: assicurarne la sopravvivenza in am- that are so different from their habitat, until they can bienti così diversi dal loro habitat fino alla fioritura e produce flowers and fruits. Since cultivation condi- alla fruttificazione. Dato che le condizioni di coltiva- tions are different from one enthusiast to another, zione sono diverse da un amatore all’altro, non pos- there can be no standard recipes that hold for us all. sono esistere ricette standard applicabili ovunque. What is certain, though, is that success always involves Ciò che è certo, è che la riuscita implica sempre una some knowledge of the plants themselves and of their qualche conoscenza delle piante natural environment. Although it e del loro ambiente naturale. Pur Scatolette delle Seedboxes is impossible to reproduce all the essendo impossibile riprodurre semine del of the years climatic characteristics of those tutte le caratteristiche climatiche 2004 e 2005 2005 and 2006 environments, some of them can di tali ambienti, se ne possono fotografate nel photographed in be “reconstructed”. These include comunque ‘ricostruire’ alcune, giugno 2008. 2008. the type of soil, the amount of quali il tipo di suolo, la pluvio- Inserto: Plantula Inset: Pediocactus rain and the temperature. Thus, metria e la temperatura. E quin- di Pediocactus peeblesianus ssp. with patience, perseverance and di, con calma, pazienza e perse- peeblesianus ssp. fickeisenii see- a lot of time, I managed to de- veranza sono approdato a una fickeisenii di una dling, one week velop a method that works for metodologia che mi soddisfa e settimana. old. me, giving me excellent results in 30 Cactus & Co. – cultivation mi dà ottimi risultati nella coltivazione in serra. Tale greenhouse cultivation. Th e method is based on four metodologia si basa su quattro principi essenziali. essential principles. Principi di coltivazione Cultivation principles 1) Disturbare il meno possibile le plantule. È fon- 1) Disturb the seedlings as little as possible. It is damentale allocare le plantule nel loro substrato fundamental to give the seedlings their allocation sin dalla germinazione. Perché le plantule produ- right from germination. If we want the seedlings cano un sistema radicale forte e vigoroso, conviene produce a strong and vigorous root system, they non disturbarle durante i primi anni di coltivazio- should not be disturbed during the early years ne. Un trapianto precoce e prematuro potrebbe of cultivation. Premature repotting may weaken renderle deboli e pregiudicare la loro crescita, o them and harm their growth, or even compromise addirittura la loro sopravvivenza. their survival. 2) Lasciare le plantule nella scatola della semina 2) Leave the seedlings in the seed-box for at least two per almeno due anni, ma anche tre o quattro, e years, but even for three or four years, in the same nel terriccio ove sono germinati i semi. Ciò sot- soil where the seeds germinated. Th is obviously tintende ovviamente che il substrato nel quale cre- means that the soil in which the young plants grow scono le plantule e i giovani esemplari deve fornire must provide all the elements they will need during nel tempo tutti gli elementi loro necessari. Donde i this period. Hence the following two principles. due principi seguenti: 3) Develop a cultivation medium that is not too 3) Elaborare un substrato che non sia troppo di- diff erent from that of the natural habitat .... In verso da quello degli habitat naturali... In altre other words, we must adapt the medium as far as parole dovremo adattarci il meglio possibile ai bi- possible to the mineral needs of the plants, and not sogni minerali delle piante, e non il contrario, po- the other way round, taking the greatest care in the nendo la più grande cura nella composizione della composition of the soil that will be used to sow the miscela che sarà utilizzata per le semine e per la seeds and to grow on the seedlings. coltivazione. 4) ... and make sure that the medium is suffi ciently 4) … e fare in modo che il substrato sia suffi cien- rich in nutrients for four years, so as to avoid the temente ricco in nutrimenti per quattro anni, need for chemical fertilisers. Th e growth of the in modo da evitare concimi chimici. La crescita seedlings and of the young plants must be ensured delle plantule e delle piante giovani deve essere ga- for a long period.
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