Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(2): 206–218. Submitted: 28 February 2012; Accepted: 30 April 2012; Published: 10 September 2012. AN OCEANIC ISLAND REPTILE COMMUNITY UNDER THREAT: THE DECLINE OF REPTILES ON CHRISTMAS ISLAND, INDIAN OCEAN 2 1 MICHAEL J. SMITH , HAL COGGER , BRENDAN TIERNAN, DION MAPLE, CHRISTOPHER BOLAND, FIONNUALA NAPIER, TANYA DETTO, AND PETER SMITH Christmas Island National Park, Christmas Island, Western Australia, Indian Ocean, 6798, 1John Evans Memorial Fellow, The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2Corresponding author, e-mail:
[email protected] Abstract.—Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean is home to a terrestrial reptile community that includes five endemic species; Lepidodactylus listeri, Cyrtodactylus sadleiri, Emoia nativitatis, Cryptoblepharus egeriae, and Ramphotyphlops exocoeti, and one native species Emoia atrocostata. Over the last 30 or so years, five of the six species have declined to near extinction with the remaining species, C. sadleiri, still reasonably common. A further five species are exotic introductions, the most recent being the Asian Wolf Snake (Lycodon capucinus) in the 1980s. Here, we document the declines in the native species and discuss possible causal factors in view of the available knowledge. We conclude that predation by introduced species is likely to be the key factor in the declines of the native reptiles, but other processes, such as inter-specific competition, may also be important. We briefly describe the current management efforts and suggest several additional management actions that could be useful to conservation of the Island’s terrestrial reptile community. Key Words.—Christmas Island; competition; decline; introduced species; island reptile community; predation INTRODUCTION Christmas Island is inhabited by six native terrestrial reptile species, five of which are endemic; Lister’s Alarmingly, reptile declines are now recognized as a Gecko (Lepidodactylus listeri Boulenger 1889), Giant global phenomenon (Gibbons et al.