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Military Power Revue Der Schweizer Armee De L’Armee Suisse

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Military Power Revue Der Schweizer Armee De L’Armee Suisse Nr.2-2008 Herausgeber: Chef der Armee August MILITARY POWER REVUE DER SCHWEIZER ARMEE DE L’ARMEE SUISSE Sicherheitspolitik NATO und Europäische Union – Wo bleibt die strategische Zusammenarbeit? Klaus Olshausen Strategie/Doktrin Zur Entstaatlichung organisierter Gewalt: Der Einfluss von Söldnertruppen auf die moderne Kriegsführung Etienne Huber Armee Effects-Based … what? Sylvain Curtenaz Sûreté sectorielle – une réponse à des défis sécuritaires complexes Alain Vuitel Geschichte Militärstrategie im Lichte der Kuba-Krise von 1962 Matthias Kuster Beilage zur ASMZ 8/2008 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Jürg Kürsener 3 Editorial Sicherheitspolitik Klaus Olshausen 4 NATO und Europäische Union – Wo bleibt die strategische Zusammenarbeit? Strategie /Doktrin Etienne Huber 10 Zur Entstaatlichung organisierter Gewalt: Der Einfluss von Söldnertruppen auf die moderne Kriegsführung Armee Sylvain Curtenaz 21 Effects-Based … what? Alain Vuitel 29 Sûreté sectorielle – une réponse à des défis sécuritaires complexes Geschichte Matthias Kuster 32 Militärstrategie im Lichte der Kuba-Krise von 1962 Die hier dargelegten Analysen, Meinungen, Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen sind ausschliesslich die Ansichten der Autoren. Sie stellen nicht notwendigerweise den Standpunkt des Eidgenössischen Departementes für Verteidigung, Bevölkerungsschutz und Sport oder einer anderen Organisation dar. Die Artikel der Military Power Revue können unter Angabe der Quelle frei kopiert und wiedergegeben werden. Die Military Power Revue ist eine Beilage zur Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Militärzeitschrift ASMZ, August 2008. Verlag: ASMZ,Allgemeine Schweizerische Militärzeitschrift c/o Verlag Equi-Media AG, Brunnenstrasse 7, 8604 Volketswil, Chefredaktor Dr. Roland Beck, Oberst i Gst unter Leitung von Jürg Kürsener, Oberst i Gst aD,Chefredaktor Military Power Revue, im Auftrage des Chefs der Armee, Bundeshaus Ost, 3003 Bern Adresse Chefredaktion MPR: Kasernenstrasse 7, 3003 Bern, oder Sonnenbergstrasse 14, 4573 Lohn-Ammannsegg Telefon G: 031 323 16 02,Telefon P:032 677 18 63 E-Mail: [email protected] Redaktionskommission: Oberst iGst aD Jürg Kürsener Chefredaktor Military Power Revue Oberst iGst Alain Vuitel Chef Militärdoktrin der Armee und Redaktor für die Stufe Armee Oberst iGst Eduard Hirt Chef Heeresdoktrin und Redaktor Bereich Heer Oberst iGst Wolfgang Hoz Chef Doktrin Luftwaffe und Redaktor Bereich Luftwaffe Colonel EMG Yvon Langel Chef Planung und Projekte Heer Druck: Druckerei Flawil AG, Burgauerstrasse 50, 9230 Flawil ISSN 1661-9250 STRATEGIE/DOKTRIN Literatur BRAUN, EBERHARD,FELIX HEINE und UWE OPOLKA MÜNKLER, HERFRIED (1987b), Staatsraison und politische (1998), Politische Philosophie. Ein Lesebuch, Hamburg: Reinbek Klugheitslehre, in: FETSCHER, INGRID und HERFRIED Verlag. MÜNKLER (Hrsg.), Pipers Handbuch der Politischen Ideenge- schichte Bd. 3, München: Piper, S. 23–72. BROOKS, DOUGLAS (2000), Write a Cheque, End a War, Conflict Trends 3 (1), pp. 33–35. O’BRIEN KEVIN A. (2000a), Private Military Companies and African Security 1990-1998, in: FAYEMI, KAYODE J. and AB- CULLEN, PATRICK (2000), Keeping the New Dog of War on DEL-FATAU MUSAH (Hrsg.), Mercenaries.An African Security a Tight Leash,Conflict Trends 3 (1), S. 36–39. Dilemma, London: Pluto Press. pp. 43–75. DOWLING,MARIA J.and VINCENT J.FECK (2000),A Joint O’BRIEN, KEVIN A. (2000b), PMCs, Myths and Mercenaries: Logistic and Engineering Contract, in: JAMES C. RAINEY, The Debate on Private Militaries Companies, Royal United Ser- BETH E. SCOTT and JEANETTE O. REICHHARD (Hrsg.), vice Institute Journal 145 (1), pp. 59–64. Air Force Journal of Logistics, Issues an Strategy 2000; Contractors on the Battlefield, Collection of Articles, pp. 60–71. PARET,PETER (1976), Clausewitz and the State, Oxford: Cla- www.aflma.hq.af.mil/lgj/cob.pdf rendon Press. (Seitenaufruf vom 30.April 2008). PETERS, JAN (1993), Ein Söldnerleben im Dreißigjährigen FAYEMI, KAYODE J. and ABDEL-FATAU MUSAH (2000), Krieg, Berlin:Akademie Verlag. Mercenaries. An African Security Dilemma, London: Pluto Press. SCAHILL, JEREMY (2008), Blackwater, Der Aufstieg der mächtigsten Privatarmee der Welt,München:Antje Kunstmann. FEICHTINGER, WALTER und WOLFGANG BRAU- MANDL (2008), Private Militärfirmen - Geschäft mit dem Krieg, SHEARER, DAVID (1998), Private Armies and Military Inter- IKF Aktuell II/2008,Broschüre des Instituts für Friedenssicherung vention,Adelphi Paper No. 316, Oxford:The International Institu- und Konfliktmanagement der Landesverteidigungsakademie te for Strategic Studies. Wien. SINGER, PETER W.(2003), Corporate Warriors:The Rise of FLASCH, KURT (2000), Das philosophische Denken im Mit- the Privatized Military Industry,Ithaca: Cornell University Press. telalter, Ditzingen: Reclam. STRAYER,JOSEPH R. (1975), Die mittelalterlichen Grundla- HOBBES,THOMAS (1651), Leviathan, Ditzingen: Reclam. gen des modernen Staates, Köln: Böhlau-Studien-Bücher. HOLSTI,KALEVI J.(1996),The State,War and the State of War, VAN CREVELD, MARTIN (1991), The Transformation of Cambridge: University Press. War, New York:Maxwell Macmillan International. KALDOR, MARY (1999),New and Old Wars: Organized Vio- WEINGARTNER, GEORG (2004), Krieg als Geschäftsfeld, lence in a Globalized Era, Stanford: University Press. Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift 196 (2), S. 149–156. www.bundesheer.at/omz/ausgaben/arti KERSTING, WOLFGANG (1996), Thomas Hobbes: Levia- kel.php?id=188 than, Reihe: Klassiker Auslegen. Bd.5, Berlin:Akademie Verlag. (Seitenaufruf vom 24.April 2008). KÜMMEL, GERHARD (2004), Die Privatisierung der Sicher- WESTENFELDER, FRANK (2008), Kriegsreisende. Artikel- heit: Fluch oder Segen?, SOWI-Arbeitspapier No. 137, Strausberg: sammlung zur Sozialgeschichte von Söldnern, Glücksrittern und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut der Bundeswehr. Abenteurern. www.kriegsreisende.de (Seitenaufruf vom 20.April 2008). MÜNKLER, HERFRIED (2002a), Die neuen Kriege, Ham- Titel der Artikel werden im Textfluss angegeben. burg: Rowohlt Verlag. ZAMPARELLI, STEVEN J. (2000), What have we signed up MÜNKLER, HERFRIED (2002b), Über den Krieg,Weilers- for?, in: JAMES C. RAINEY,BETH E. SCOTT and JEANETTE wist:Velbrück Wissenschaft. O.REICHHARD (Hrsg.),Air Force Journal of Logistics, Issues an Strategy 2000; Contractors on the Battlefield, Collection of Ar- MÜNKLER, HERFRIED (1987a), Im Namen des Staates, Die ticles. Begründung der Staatsraison in der frühen Neuzeit, Frankfurt am www.aflma.hq.af.mil/lgj/cob.pdf, Main: S. Fischer Verlag. pp. 8–25 (Seitenaufruf vom 20.April 2008). 20 Military Power Revue der Schweizer Armee Nr.2-2008, Beilage zur ASMZ 8/2008 EDITORIAL Editorial Die Armee ist in der Tagespolitik präsent. Hin und wieder sogar • Die Ausbildung auf Übungsplätzen im Ausland wird bekämpft, dann, wenn es Lob zu verteilen gilt. Benedikt Weibel, Mister obschon es erwiesen ist, dass unsere Verbände ab Stufe verstärkte Euro 08 und früherer SBB-Boss, hat am 27. Juni 2008 im Radio Kompanie in der Schweiz kaum mehr ausreichend ausgebildet wer- DRS 1 die Dienste der Armee anlässlich des Fussball-Grossereignis- den können. Ausbildung ist integraler Bestandteil der Aufträge an ses explizit gelobt,der Führung höchste Professionalität attestiert und die Armee. ihren Einsatz verdankt. Ich bin mir nicht sicher,hoffe aber natürlich, dass dieser Dank in den übrigen Medien aufgegriffen wird. In unserer demokratischen Staatsform ist es jedem Bürger – selbst- verständlich – unbenommen, in diese Diskussionen einzugreifen. Meistens wird die Armee aber dann erwähnt,wenn sich Unfälle er- Und dabei ist offenbar die Armee ein willkommenes Objekt. Ich eignen oder wenn Fehler mit weitreichenden Folgen passieren. Un- gehe einmal davon aus, dass dies aus echter Sorge um die Zukunft gleich häufiger als bei anderen, vergleichbaren Vorkommnissen in un- unseres wichtigsten sicherheitspolitischen Instrumentes geschieht und serer Gesellschaft entstehen dann aus solchen Mitteilungen Schlagzei- nicht nur aus ideologischen und opportunistischen Gründen. Sicher len.Die Negativberichte dominieren während Tagen die Medien- und bin ich mir allerdings auch hier nicht. Presselandschaft,dann gelegentlich auch die Öffentlichkeit.Eine Zei- tung nach der anderen, der Zyschtigsclub und die Arena greifen die Mit der in einschlägigen Kreisen häufigen, letztlich völlig verant- Ereignisse auf.Manchmal ist dies berechtigt, sogar nötig; oft scheint es wortungslos kolportierten Begründung, der Armee sei seit 1989 der ein willkommener Anlass, die Armee als Prügelknaben hinzustellen. Feind abhanden gekommen, wird fast alles und jedes kritisiert. Un- sere Armee hat seit 1989 enorme Vorleistungen erbracht.Massive Fi- Meistens melden sich auch sehr rasch Politiker – oft die gleichen – nanzreduktionen, happige Bestandesreduktionen und die Eliminie- zu Wort, die das Einzelereignis mehr oder weniger direkt zu einer rung von Teilfähigkeiten sind einige Beispiele. Dabei steht die Existenzfrage der Armee machen oder zumindest einzelne Kompo- Schweiz mit einem Verteidigungsbeitrag von weniger als einem Pro- nenten der Armee in Frage stellen. Man erinnert sich: zent des Bruttosozialproduktes auf der europäischen Rangliste fast an letzter Stelle. Die NATO rät ihren Mitgliedern zu zwei Pro- • Die Frage um die Beschaffung eines neuen Kampfflugzeuges zent, und andere Staaten wie Finnland, Österreich, Indien, China wird zu einer Frage um die Existenz der Luftwaffe gemacht. Dass und Russland liegen teils weit über unserem Anteil. Man erhält fast damit da und dort auch die Armee gemeint ist,wird heute nicht offen den Eindruck,als ob uns die vermeintlich
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