1 December 1993 1141 OFFICIAL RECORD of PROCEEDINGS
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Modern Hong Kong
Modern Hong Kong Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History Modern Hong Kong Steve Tsang Subject: China, Hong Kong, Macao, and/or Taiwan Online Publication Date: Feb 2017 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.280 Abstract and Keywords Hong Kong entered its modern era when it became a British overseas territory in 1841. In its early years as a Crown Colony, it suffered from corruption and racial segregation but grew rapidly as a free port that supported trade with China. It took about two decades before Hong Kong established a genuinely independent judiciary and introduced the Cadet Scheme to select and train senior officials, which dramatically improved the quality of governance. Until the Pacific War (1941–1945), the colonial government focused its attention and resources on the small expatriate community and largely left the overwhelming majority of the population, the Chinese community, to manage themselves, through voluntary organizations such as the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. The 1940s was a watershed decade in Hong Kong’s history. The fall of Hong Kong and other European colonies to the Japanese at the start of the Pacific War shattered the myth of the superiority of white men and the invincibility of the British Empire. When the war ended the British realized that they could not restore the status quo ante. They thus put an end to racial segregation, removed the glass ceiling that prevented a Chinese person from becoming a Cadet or Administrative Officer or rising to become the Senior Member of the Legislative or the Executive Council, and looked into the possibility of introducing municipal self-government. -
Hong Kong's Endgame and the Rule of Law (Ii): the Battle Over "The People" and the Business Community in the Transition to Chinese Rule
HONG KONG'S ENDGAME AND THE RULE OF LAW (II): THE BATTLE OVER "THE PEOPLE" AND THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY IN THE TRANSITION TO CHINESE RULE JACQUES DELISLE* & KEVIN P. LANE- 1. INTRODUCTION Transitional Hong Kong's endgame formally came to a close with the territory's reversion to Chinese rule on July 1, 1997. How- ever, a legal and institutional order and a "rule of law" for Chi- nese-ruled Hong Kong remain works in progress. They will surely bear the mark of the conflicts that dominated the final years pre- ceding Hong Kong's legal transition from British colony to Chinese Special Administrative Region ("S.A.R."). Those endgame conflicts reflected a struggle among adherents to rival conceptions of a rule of law and a set of laws and institutions that would be adequate and acceptable for Hong Kong. They unfolded in large part through battles over the attitudes and allegiance of "the Hong Kong people" and Hong Kong's business community. Hong Kong's Endgame and the Rule of Law (I): The Struggle over Institutions and Values in the Transition to Chinese Rule ("Endgame I") focused on the first aspect of this story. It examined the political struggle among members of two coherent, but not monolithic, camps, each bound together by a distinct vision of law and sover- t Special Series Reprint: Originally printed in 18 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. 811 (1997). Assistant Professor, University of Pennsylvania Law School. This Article is the second part of a two-part series. The first part appeared as Hong Kong's End- game and the Rule of Law (I): The Struggle over Institutions and Values in the Transition to Chinese Rule, 18 U. -
Laws Governing Homosexual Conduct
THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF HONG KONG REPORT LAWS GOVERNING HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT (TOPIC 2) LAWS GOVERNING HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT WHEREAS : On 15 January 1980, His Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong Sir Murray MacLehose, GBE, KCMG, KCVO in Council directed the establishment of the Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong and appointed it to report upon such of the laws of Hong Kong as may be referred to it for consideration by the Attorney General and the Chief Justice; On 14 June 1980, the Honourable the Attorney General and the Honourable the Chief Justice referred to this Commission for consideration a Topic in the following terms : "Should the present laws governing homosexual conduct in Hong Kong be changed and, if so, in what way?" On 5 July 1980, the Commission appointed a Sub-committee to research, consider and then advise it upon aspects of the said matter; On 28 June 1982, the Sub-committee reported to the Commission, and the Commission considered the topic at meetings between July 1982 and April, 1983. We are agreed that the present laws governing homosexual conduct in Hong Kong should be changed, for reasons set out in our report; We have made in this report recommendations about the way in which laws should be changed; i NOW THEREFORE DO WE THE UNDERSIGNED MEMBERS OF THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF HONG KONG PRESENT OUR REPORT ON LAWS GOVERNING HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT IN HONG KONG : Hon John Griffiths, QC Hon Sir Denys Roberts, KBE (Attorney General) (Chief Justice) (祈理士) (羅弼時) Hon G.P. Nazareth, OBE, QC Robert Allcock, Esq. -
Official Record of Proceedings
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL — 15 December 1993 1453 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 15 December 1993 The Council met at half-past Two o'clock PRESENT THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JOHN JOSEPH SWAINE, C.B.E., LL.D., Q.C., J.P. THE CHIEF SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE MRS ANSON CHAN, C.B.E., J.P. THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE NATHANIEL WILLIAM HAMISH MACLEOD, C.B.E., J.P. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL THE HONOURABLE JEREMY FELL MATHEWS, C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN LEE CHU-MING, Q.C., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, O.B.E., LL.D., J.P. THE HONOURABLE NGAI SHIU-KIT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PANG CHUN-HOI, M.B.E. THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAH THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG THE HONOURABLE ANDREW WONG WANG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EDWARD HO SING-TIN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE RONALD JOSEPH ARCULLI, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN GILBERT BARROW, O.B.E., J.P. 1454 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL — 15 December 1993 THE HONOURABLE MRS PEGGY LAM, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WAH-SUM, O.B.E., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE LEONG CHE-HUNG, O.B.E., J.P. -
OFFICIAL REPORT of PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 2Nd December 1970 the Council Met at Half Past Two O'clock [MR PRESIDENT in the Chair]
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL―2nd December 1970. 209 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 2nd December 1970 The Council met at half past Two o'clock [MR PRESIDENT in the Chair] PRESENT HIS EXCELLENCY THE ACTING GOVERNOR (PRESIDENT) SIR HUGH SELBY NORMAN-WALKER, KCMG, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE THE COLONIAL SECRETARY (Acting) MR DAVID RONALD HOLMES, CMG, CBE, MC, ED, JP THE HONOURABLE THE ATTORNEY GENERAL (Acting) MR GRAHAM RUPERT SNEATH, QC, JP THE HONOURABLE THE SECRETARY FOR HOME AFFAIRS (Acting) MR DENIS CAMPBELL BRAY, JP THE HONOURABLE THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY SIR JOHN JAMES COWPERTHWAITE, KBE, CMG, JP THE HONOURABLE ROBERT MARSHALL HETHERINGTON, DFC, JP COMMISSIONER OF LABOUR THE HONOURABLE DAVID RICHARD WATSON ALEXANDER, MBE, JP DIRECTOR OF URBAN SERVICES THE HONOURABLE DONALD COLLIN CUMYN LUDDINGTON, JP DISTRICT COMMISSIONER, NEW TERRITORIES THE HONOURABLE JOHN CANNING, JP DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION DR THE HONOURABLE GERALD HUGH CHOA, JP DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES THE HONOURABLE PAUL TSUI KA-CHEUNG, OBE, JP COMMISSIONER FOR RESETTLEMENT THE HONOURABLE RICHARD CHARLES CLARKE, ISO, JP DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS (Acting) THE HONOURABLE ERNEST IRFON LEE, JP DIRECTOR OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (Acting) THE HONOURABLE KAN YUET-KEUNG, CBE, JP THE HONOURABLE WOO PAK-CHUEN, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAI, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE WILFRED WONG SIEN-BING, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE ELLEN LI SHU-PUI, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE WILSON WANG TZE-SAM, JP THE HONOURABLE HERBERT JOHN CHARLES BROWNE, JP DR THE HONOURABLE CHUNG SZE-YUEN, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE LEE QUO-WEI, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE OSWALD VICTOR CHEUNG, QC, JP THE HONOURABLE GERALD MORDAUNT BROOME SALMON, JP THE HONOURABLE ANN TSE-KAI, OBE, JP THE HONOURABLE LO KWEE-SEONG, JP IN ATTENDANCE THE CLERK TO THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL MR RODERICK JOHN FRAMPTON 210 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL―2nd December 1970. -
Hong Kong: the Impact of 1997 on Academia and the Legal Profession
PRESERVING INSTITUTIONS OF AUTONOMY IN HONG KONG: THE IMPACT OF 1997 ON ACADEMIA AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION Carole J. Petersen I. INTRODUCTION Recently the United Kingdom handed Hong Kong over to China. The Joint Declaration' and the Basic Law 2 provide that the local Hong Kong government shall enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" from the central government in China. However, it is well recognized that such autonomy can only be realized in the presence of strong local institutions -institutions that will resist intervention by China and exercise their powers in the interest of Hong Kong. Thus far, Hong Kong's main governmental institutions-the Chief Executive, the legislature, and the judiciary-hae not established themselves as particularly strong defenders of local autonomy. The first Chief Executive (appointed by the Chinese government) has been criticised for consulting Beijing on matters that are supposed to be outside its supervision.3 The Provisional Legislative Council (appointed because China dissolved Hong Kong's elected legislature) has also been extremely docile and has largely complied with China's wishes. When elections are held in the spring of 1998, Hong Kong can expect more assertive legislators. But as a result of the election law enacted by the Provisional Legislative Council, even the elected Legislative Council will be far less democratic than the one elected in 1995.' Moreover, its power to check the executive branch is quite limited * Associate Professor, School of Professional and Continuing Education, University ofHong Kong. B.A., University of Chicago, 1981; J.D. Harvard Law School, 1984; Postgraduate Diploma in the Law of the People's Republic of China, University of Hong Kong, 1994. -
28 July 1982 1073
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL―28 July 1982 1073 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 28 July 1982 The Council met at half past two o’clock PRESENT HIS EXCELLENCY THE ACTING GOVERNOR (PRESIDENT) THE HONOURABLE THE CHIEF SECRETARY SIR CHARLES PHILIP HADDON-CAVE, K.B.E., C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY MR. JOHN HENRY BREMRIDGE, O.B.E. THE HONOURABLE THE ATTORNEY GENERAL MR. JOHN CALVERT GRIFFITHS, Q.C. THE HONOURABLE THE SECRETARY FOR HOME AFFAIRS (Acting) MR. DAVID AKERS-JONES, C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE DAVID GREGORY JEAFFRESON, C.B.E., J.P. SECRETARY FOR ECONOMIC SERVICES THE HONOURABLE ALAN JAMES SCOTT, C.B.E., J.P. SECRETARY FOR TRANSPORT THE HONOURABLE ERIC PETER HO, C.B.E., J.P. SECRETARY FOR SOCIAL SERVICES THE HONOURABLE JAMES NEIL HENDERSON, J.P. COMMISSIONER FOR LABOUR THE HONOURABLE JOHN MORRISON RIDDELL-SWAN, O.B.E., J.P. DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES THE HONOURABLE DONALD LIAO POON-HUAI, O.B.E., J.P. SECRETARY FOR HOUSING THE HONOURABLE GRAHAM BARNES, J.P. REGIONAL SECRETARY (HONG KONG AND KOWLOON), CITY AND NEW TERRITORIES ADMINISTRATION THE HONOURABLE COLVYN HUGH HAYE, J.P. SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION (Acting) DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION THE HONOURABLE IAN FRANCIS CLUNY MACPHERSON, J.P. SECRETARY FOR CITY AND NEW TERRITORIES ADMINISTRATION (Acting) REGIONAL SECRETARY (NEW TERRITORIES), CITY AND NEW TERRITORIES ADMINISTRATION THE HONOURABLE MRS. ANSON CHAN, J.P. DIRECTOR OF SOCIAL WELFARE (Acting) THE HONOURABLE CHAN NAI-KEONG, J.P. SECRETARY FOR LANDS AND WORKS (Acting) DR. THE HONOURABLE LAM SIM-FOOK, O.B.E., J.P. -
OFFICIAL RECORD of PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 29
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ― 29 June 1994 4689 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 29 June 1994 The Council met at Nine o’clock PRESENT THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JOHN JOSEPH SWAINE, C.B.E., LL.D., Q.C., J.P. THE CHIEF SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE MRS ANSON CHAN, C.B.E., J.P. THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE SIR NATHANIEL WILLIAM HAMISH MACLEOD, K.B.E., J.P. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL THE HONOURABLE JEREMY FELL MATHEWS, C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE HUI YIN-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN LEE CHU-MING, Q.C., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, O.B.E., LL.D., J.P. THE HONOURABLE NGAI SHIU-KIT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PANG CHUN-HOI, M.B.E. THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAH THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG THE HONOURABLE ANDREW WONG WANG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EDWARD HO SING-TIN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE RONALD JOSEPH ARCULLI, O.B.E., J.P. 4690 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ― 29 June 1994 THE HONOURABLE MARTIN GILBERT BARROW, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS PEGGY LAM, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WAH-SUM, O.B.E., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE LEONG CHE-HUNG, O.B.E., J.P. -
1 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 21 November 1990
1 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 21 November 1990 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 21 November 1990 1 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 21 November 1990 The Council met at half-past Two o'clock PRESENT HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (PRESIDENT) SIR DAVID CLIVE WILSON, K.C.M.G. THE CHIEF SECRETARY THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE SIR PIERS JACOBS, K.B.E., J.P. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL THE HONOURABLE JEREMY FELL MATHEWS, C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE STEPHEN CHEONG KAM-CHUEN, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG YAN-LUNG, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARIA TAM WAI-CHU, C.B.E., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE HENRIETTA IP MAN-HING, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN YING-LUN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS RITA FAN HSU LAI-TAI, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHENG HON-KWAN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHUNG PUI-LAM, J.P. THE HONOURABLE HO SAI-CHU, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN LEE CHU-MING, Q.C., J.P. THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, J.P. THE HONOURABLE NGAI SHIU-KIT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PANG CHUN-HOI, M.B.E. THE HONOURABLE POON CHI-FAI, J.P. PROF. THE HONOURABLE POON CHUNG-KWONG, J.P. THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAH THE HONOURABLE TAI CHIN-WAH, J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS ROSANNA TAM WONG YICK-MING, O.B.E., J.P. -
Biographies of Directors and Officers
Annual Report 2004 17 Qin Jia Yuan Media Services Company Limited BIOGRAPHIES OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Dr. LEUNG Anita Fung Yee Maria, aged 55, is the co-founder and the Chief Executive Officer of the Group. She is responsible for corporate planning, business development strategy and overall direction of the Group. She also participates in the provision of concepts and ideas for TV programme production. Dr. Leung holds a Doctorate degree (major in Chinese History) from The Chinese University of Hong Kong. She has more than 34 years’ experience in media industry in relation to TV programme production, public relations, advertising and marketing. Dr. Leung worked for a number of renowned companies in Hong Kong in senior management position, including Sun Hung Kai Securities Limited, the Hong Kong branch of Ogilvy & Mather Advertising (successor of Michael Stevenson Public Relations Company Ltd.) and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”). Dr. Leung operated one of the first Hong Kong recruitment agencies which took the lead in introducing Filipino domestic helpers for families in Hong Kong during the period from late 70’s to mid 80’s. Dr. Leung is also a renowned novelist in both Hong Kong and the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) and has written more than 100 novels and books since 1989. In 1992, Dr. Leung was awarded the Writer of the Year 1991 Award by the Hong Kong Artist’s Guild and the Novelist of the Year 1992 Award awarded by the Urban Council of Hong Kong and the Artists Alliance. -
Governing Hong Kong ______
GOVERNING HONG KONG _______________________________________________________ AdministrativeAdministrative OcersOfficers from from the the NineteenthNineteenth Century Century toto thethe Handover Handover toto China, China, 1862-19971862–1997 Steve Tsang Hong Kong University Press 14/F Hing Wai Centre 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Aberdeen Hong Kong © Steve Tsang 2007 First published 2007 Reprinted 2008, 2010 ISBN 978-962-209-874-9 This edition published by Hong Kong University Press is available in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, North and South Korea. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher. Secure On-line Ordering http://www.hkupress.org Printed and bound by The Green Pagoda Press Ltd., Hong Kong, China. From camera-ready copy edited and typeset by Oxford Publishing Services, Oxford. CONTENTS ___________________ Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Preface viii 1. Governance in a colonial society 1 Managing the expatriate community 3 Governing the local Chinese 6 Institutional inadequacies 9 2. The cadet scheme 13 Origins 13 From language cadets to bureaucratic high flyers 19 Impact on colonial administration 23 3. Benevolent paternalism 27 Learning about the Chinese 29 Life and work as a cadet 33 The making of an elite 43 4. Effects of the Pacific War 51 End of the colour bar 52 A new outlook 58 5. Expansion 67 From cadets to administrative officers 69 Ever expanding scope of government activities 72 The last of the old guard 75 Rapid growth and changes 84 Contents 6. Meeting the challenges of a Chinese community 87 Life and work of a modern district officer 87 The life and work of a CDO 94 Life and work at the secretariat 99 Life and work in departments 104 Fighting corruption 110 7. -
1 July 1992 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL
1 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 1 July 1992 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 1 July 1992 1 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 1 July 1992 The Council met at half past Two o'clock PRESENT HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (PRESIDENT) LORD WILSON OF TILLYORN, G.C.M.G. THE DEPUTY PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JOHN JOSEPH SWAINE, C.B.E., Q.C., J.P. THE CHIEF SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE SIR DAVID ROBERT FORD, K.B.E., L.V.O., J.P. THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE NATHANIEL WILLIAM HAMISH MACLEOD, C.B.E., J.P. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL THE HONOURABLE JEREMY FELL MATHEWS, C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE STEPHEN CHEONG KAM-CHUEN, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS RITA FAN HSU LAI-TAI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE HUI YIN-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN LEE CHU-MING, Q.C., J.P. THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE NGAI SHIU-KIT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PANG CHUN-HOI, M.B.E. THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAH THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG THE HONOURABLE ANDREW WONG WANG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EDWARD HO SING-TIN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE RONALD JOSEPH ARCULLI, J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN GILBERT BARROW, O.B.E., J.P.