ATTACHMENT 2 FrankenFish How Genetically Engineered Could Hurt our Health and Environment

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The Food and Drug Administration is about to decide To make matters worse, the agency is likely to follow its pre- whether to unleash genetically engineered (GE) salmon into =8#$-!;#%815!#0!#)*(,!BC!:##&-!/0&!/%%#"!)*8-!+-*!)#!'(!-#%&! our food supply. This GE salmon, which is designed to grow without labeling,4 leaving consumers without a way to make twice as fast as normal salmon,1!"#$%&!'(!)*(!+,-)!.),/0-- an informed choice about the food we eat. genic” animal allowed into the U.S. food supply. But given how hard the industry is pushing genetic The FDA is considering other proposals to commercialize manipulation for the animals we eat, it’s likely not the last. 7(0()81/%%5!<#&8+(&!/08!!! animal agriculture. Unfortunately, the FDA is evaluating GE animals under a process used to approve new animal drugs, The commercialization of GE salmon could threaten public which allows the agency to make very little information pub- health, wipe out wild salmon populations, diminish biodiver- licly available until the decision has been made. sity of marine environments, and further drive the unhealthy ),(0&!#:!;,#&$1807!<#,(!#:!)*(!+-*!"(!(/)!80!#=(,1,#"&(&9! AquaBounty Technologies’ GE reportedly $0*(/%)*5!:/1)#,5!+-*!:/,<->! grows to market size in half the time of normal salmon5 by =8,)$(!#:!)*(!7(0(-!8<;%/0)(&!80)#!8)!:,#6 It is un- That’s all on top of potentially changing the quality of clear if the GE salmon could live up to its rapid-growth hype -/%<#09!#0(!#:!<#-)!;#;$%/,!+-*!80!)*(!?>@>!&8()>3 in large-scale commercial production (many other GE prod- ucts that were promoted as having dramatically increased Unfortunately, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ap- crop yields have failed to live up to these claims when used ;(/,-!)#!*/=(!;$)!23$/4#$0)5A-!-/%<#0!80!)*(!+0/%!-),()1*!#:! on farms7). What is clear is that GE salmon poses risks to the )*(!/;;,#=/%!;,#1(--!)#!'(1#<(!)*(!+,-)!BC!/08

!!!"#$$%&'%!&()*!&(+,"$*-./.0101.2.3(".456.5&7,8'-($'6.9:.;<<=1./.8'#$>#!!&(+,"$*- GE Salmon’s Impact on Human Health Beyond the enormous damage that GE salmon could cause )#!)*(!(0=8,#0<(0)!/0&!+-*807!(1#0#<8(-9!8)!/%-#!;#-(-!/! risk to human health. Long-term studies on the safety of eat- ing transgenic organisms have not been conducted, though scientists recognize and have already documented the ability of genetically engineered organisms to harm human and animal health.

A New England Journal of Medicine study found that soy- beans engineered with Brazil nut proteins caused allergic reactions for consumers with Brazil nut allergies.8 In another case, a harmless protein found in certain beans, which acts as a pest deterrent, became dangerous once it was trans- ferred to a pea, causing allergy-related lung damage and skin problems in mice.9 One study showed high rat pup mortal- 8)5!80!%8))(,-!:,#10 Another found irregularities in the livers of rats, suggesting higher metabolic rates resulting from a GE diet.11!2!FGGH!-)$&5!:#$0&!-8708+- cant liver and kidney impairment in rats fed GE corn with the insecticidal Bt 7(0(!/0&!1#01%$&(&9!."8)*!)*(!;,(-(0)! data it cannot be concluded that GE corn MON863 is a safe product.”12 Even GE livestock feed may have some impact on consumers of animal products. Italian researchers found biotech in the milk from dairy cows fed a GE diet, sug- gesting ’ ability to survive pasteurization.13

Long-term studies have yet to be conducted to assess hu-

To date, the FDA has not done anything to clear up these questions. Critical studies used by the FDA in its analysis of the food safety of GE salmon were conducted by AquaBoun- signed for the rigors of life outside of captivity — mean that ty or its contractors.15!6*(!IJ2!(=(0!-/5-!80!8)-!/0/%5-8-9!.K,8- the GE salmon may only last long enough in the wild to pre- mary deference was given to controlled studies submitted by vent natural populations from reproducing, leading to a total 20 ABT [AquaBounty Technologies].”16 This is not good enough extinction of salmon in open waters. when the stakes are so high, especially since the studies did -*#"!)*/)!BC!-/%<#0!&8-;%/5(&!-#<(!-)/)8-)81/%%5!-8708+1/0)! AquaBounty’s promises to prevent escapes seem especially differences in its composition and nutrition.17 weak given the widespread problem of regular farmed salmon escapes from existing farms. In March of 2010, nearly 100,000 farmed Atlantic salmon escaped into the GE Salmon’s Impact on Wild Fish "8%&!)*,#$7*!#0(!*#%(!80!/!0()!/)!/!?N!+-*!:/,<>21 Glob- ally, these numbers are much higher, with an estimated 2 FrankenSalmon on the Lam million farmed salmon escaping into North Atlantic waters every year22!"*8%(!<8%%8#0-!#:!#)*(,-!(-1/;(!80)#!)*(!K/18+1>23 AquaBounty intends to sell GE salmon eggs to commercial One biotech corporation doing experimental GE breeding farms to grow out to full size, claiming that these operators in New Zealand is even suspected of accidentally releasing "8%%!,/8-(!+-*!80!1#0)/80(&!/3$/1$%)$,(!:/18%8)8(-!)*/)!%8<8)!)*(! 7(0()81/%%5!<#&8+(&!-/%<#0!(77-!80)#!)*(!"8%&924 demonstrat- 18 possibility of escape. The potential impact from escaping 807!)*(!%#78-)81/%!&8:+1$%)8(-!#:!;,(=(0)807!(-1/;(-9!(=(0!80! GE salmon could be severe, with researchers suggesting that tightly controlled, experimental settings. AquaBounty, in the /!-!!4$)! the catch is that their own weak constitutions — not de- Elsewhere in GE food production, such as with soybeans Currently, non-GE farmed salmon are naturally bred for faster and corn, industry promises have failed to keep control of growth, which often means bigger appetites. Once they genetically engineered traits, causing enormous disruptions escape in the wild, they exhibit greater aggression and risk- in international food markets. The U.S. Government Ac- taking than wild species.29 This competitive pressure would 1#$0)/'8%8)5!P:+1(!:#$0&!-8L!D0#"0!$0/$)*#,8Q(&!,(%(/-(-! likely increase with GE salmon, which reportedly grow twice of GE crops from the United States by 2008. 26 As just one as fast as other salmon. example, in August 2006, the U.S. Department of Agriculture admitted that unapproved GE rice had been found in non-GE In addition to out-competing their wild cousins for food and rice stocks.27 Japan immediately halted all U.S. rice imports space, GE salmon could interfere with breeding in a vari- and Europe imposed heavy restrictions; in total, the event ety of ways, pushing wild stocks toward extinction. Added cost the U.S. rice industry $1.2 billion.28 Biotechnology cor- 1#<;()8)8=(!;,(--$,(!:,# population could eventually lead to the extinction of both "8%&!/0&!),/0-7(081!+-*!80!)*/)!,(78#0>31 Competitive Advantage AquaBounty claims that it will test each commercial batch Because AquaBounty’s GE salmon is genetically designed of eggs it produces to ensure their sterility; however, this to eat more and grow faster, its escape into the wild would batch testing only needs to show a higher than 95 percent <(/0!)*(!80),#&$1)8#0!#:!-8708+1/0)!0("!1#<;()8)8=(!;,(-- sterility rate, meaning that the company may be producing sure on wild populations for food and space, as these large, -#<(!:(,)8%(!+-*>32 Additionally, the FDA has called Aqu- voracious transgenic salmon attempt to quell their hunger by /4#$0)5A-!1%/8

Disease An additional concern about escaping GE salmon is the dis- ease they could spread to wild populations. Farmed salmon, which are raised in stressful, densely crowded environments, have already been linked to the spread of disease. Infectious hematopoictic necrosis, sea lice and furunculosis disease are three serious ailments that are believed to have been spread by farmed salmon into wild populations.34 Adding larger, possibly more aggressive GE salmon to this system adds an- #)*(,!"/5!)#!-;,(/&!)*(!&8-(/-(-!:#$0&!#0!:/1)#,5!+-*!:/,<-! )#!"8%&!+-*!;#;$%/)8#0->!!

Do GE Salmon Still Want to Swim Upstream? 23$/4#$0)5!1%/8<-!)*/)!)*(8,!BC!-/%<#0!"8%%!'(!.,(/,(&! in physically contained facilities … mitigating any poten- tial risk of a negative impact on genetic diversity of wild stocks.”35 It is unclear how, or if, AquaBounty or the FDA will dictate to companies how they must raise the GE salmon. The dominant method of raising salmon is in open net pens in the ocean, which have led to millions of salmon escaping.36

AquaBounty has publicly noted the great interest it has received from salmon growers in China, Southeast Asia and Chile,37 where regulations and oversight on aquaculture are notoriously weak. Given the large number of operators worldwide that would likely use GE salmon GE Salmon’s Impact on our Food System A disconcerting irony of GE salmon is that the worst case scenario for the environment and consumers — wild stocks going extinct because of an accidental release of GE stock — could be the best case scenario for AquaBounty. Because AquaBounty will own the intellectual property rights to GE salmon, a decline in wild stocks would boost its market share, spurring the company to increase production to make $;!:#,!%#-)!"8%&!+-*>!I#,!1#0-$<(,-!)*8-!"#$%&!<(/0!:("(,! choices and more GE salmon.

Other markets where GE products have been introduced have experienced this effect, with enormous concentration of power. In 2009, nearly all (93 percent) soybeans and four- +:)*-!VWG!;(,1(0)X!#:!1#,0!1$%)8=/)(&!80!)*(!?08)(&!@)/)(-!"(,(! grown from seeds containing traits covered by patents.42

GE Salmon’s Impact on Fishing Communities A reduction in wild stocks due to escapes of GE salmon "#$%&!*$,)!)*(!+-*807!80&$-),5!/0&!1#$%&!-(,=(!)#!1#0-#%8- &/)(!+-*!;,#&$1)8#0!80!1#,;#,/)(M#"0(&!+-*!:/,<->!6*(!+-*- eggs (AquaBounty at one point boasted it had orders for ing industry could suffer, too, if exports of American wild and 15 million eggs38), it seems inconceivable to think that GE farmed, non-GE salmon became contaminated with GE traits. salmon won’t end up in open-net production or other models American rice and corn farmers have witnessed huge eco- where escape is almost guaranteed. nomic losses from the inadvertent intermingling of GE crops and non-GE crops destined for foreign markets in countries Even closed facilities face myriad challenges in containing with stricter rules on GE food.43 :/,<(&!+-*>!R0!)*(!IJ2A-!,(=8("!#:!23$/4#$0)5A-!(0=8,#0- mental assessment, it noted that the company gave scant at- AquaBounty has proposed growing its GE salmon eggs in tention to the potential for natural disaster at its farm facilities U/0/&/9!)*(0!-*8;;807!)*(39 them to the United States for sale.44 With this arrangement, foreign producers, which may not operate under the same These gaps in the safety assessment for GE salmon are cru- regulatory guidelines as in the United States, would be the cially important because a single GE-salmon escape event — producers of this controversial new product. 80=#%=807!#0%5!/!:("!+-*!S!1/0!&(1840

In the mid-1990s, AquaBounty’s research manager authored Little Information, Lots of Secrets a risk assessment that included a hypothetical scenario involving the commercial production of GE salmon that AquaBounty posted zero sales and almost 5 million dol- lars in net losses in 2009; the entire company appears to be 80=#%=(&!"*/)!8)!1/%%(&!)*(!.$-$/%!0$<'(,!#:!+-*!(-1/;807>T! 45 AquaBounty projected that the GE salmon escape would ",/;;(&!$;!80!)*(!;,#-;(1)-!#:!BC!+-*!:#,!/3$/1$%)$,(> have no negative impact on wild salmon populations, but Getting FDA approval is a do-or-die situation for AquaBounty )*(#,8Q(&!)*/)!)*(!80&$-),5!"#$%&!*/=(!/!'(0(+18/%!(::(1)!#0! — not a great environment for doing a rigorous and impartial (<;%#5<(0)!'5!78=807!2'#,8780/%!U/0/&8/0-!"#,D!/-!+-*807! analysis of the risks posed by this new technology. guides for the trophy-sized salmon.41 This cavalier approach Unfortunately for consumers, the FDA’s guidelines for to risk assessment seems totally out of synch with the well- reviewing GE salmon fail to adequately protect consumers. $<(0)(&!&/07(,-!/--#18/)(&!"8)*!BC!+-*9!/0&!,(7$%/)#,-! The FDA does not require a full examination of risks and should take heed. unintended consequences, including mandatory pre-market safety testing, full pre-market environmental review of all im- pacts, or public disclosure of the studies and data considered Endnotes in agency decision-making. Y! !23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!!.200$/%!Z(;#,)!/0&!211#$0)->T!!FGG[!/)!\>!! Available at *));]^^""">/3$/'#$0)5>1#<^80=(-)#,-^+0/018/%M\G\>/-;L!/0&!#0!+%(>!! The FDA currently is not assessing GE salmon as a human Accessed September 2, 2010. :##&!;,#&$1)9!'$)!,/)*(,!,(=8("807!)*(!;,#;#-/%!:#,!BC!+-*! 46 F! !23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!!.23$/4#$0)5!I/1)!@*(()>T!!2=/8%/'%(!/)!*));]^^ as though it were a new animal drug. Clearly, this is an www.aquabounty.com/documents/press/2010/AquaBounty%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf inadequate risk-assessment procedure. /0&!#0!+%(>!!211(--(&!@(;)(<'(,!F9!FGYG> 3 Knapp, B$00/,>!.P=(,=8("!#:!?>@>!@/%<#0!U#0-$<;)8#0>T!:,#Salmon Run: Competition Between Wild and Farmed Salmon. A report prepared :#,!6Z2IIRU!O#,)*!2<(,81/!/0&!)*(!_#,%&!_8%&%8:(!I$0&9!)#7()*(,!"8)*!K,#:(--#,-! regulations do not require the agency to release important U/)*5!Z#*(8!20&(,-#0!#:!)*(!?08=(,-8)5!#:!Z*#&(!R-%/0&9!`/0$/,5! details regarding AquaBounty’s GE salmon as part of the new FGGH>!2=/8%/'%(!/)!*));]^^""">8-(,>$//>/%/-D/>(&$^8-(,^;(#;%(^N0/;;^!/0&!#0!+%(>!! animal drug approval process; therefore little information is Accessed September 8, 2010. available for public review.47 Given the grave impact that GE b! !I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0>!!.4/1D7,#$0&!J#1$<(0)]!K$'%81!c(/,807!#0!)*(! Labeling of Food Made from the AquAdvantage Salmon.” August 2010. Avail- salmon may have on the environment and human health — /'%(!/)!*));]^^""">:&/>7#=^I##&^a/'(%807O$),8)8#0^I##&a/'(%807B$8&/01(Z(7$- and the impact it may have as a precedent for other GE ani- %/)#,5R0:#,*)!! 211(--(&!@(;)(<'(,!\9!FGYGe!2OJ!I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0>!.U#0-$<(,! mals entering the food supply — the FDA’s risk-assessment fg2]!B(0()81!C0780((,807>T!!K/7(!$;&/)(&!P1)#'(,!FW9!FGG[>!!2=/8%/'%(!/)!http:// approach to GE salmon is wholly inadequate and leaves """>:&/>7#=^208!!.200$/%!Z(;#,)!/0&!211#$0)->T!/)!\>

d! !.23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!.2&<8--8#0!)#!6,/&807!#0!2Rj>T!!j/,1*!Yi9! Say No to GE Salmon! 2006. At 18 and 124. Tell the FDA not to allow GE salmon into the food supply. Go 7 Gurian-Sherman9!J#$7>!.I/8%$,(!)#!k8(%&]!C=/%$/)807!)*(!K(,:#,!!.R&(0)8+1/)8#0!#:!/!4,/Q8%MO$)!2%%(,7(0!80!6,/0-7(081!@#5- beans.” The New England Journal of Medicine. March 14, 1996. ?*.+$'(&+(.(,).@9A.&(B. [! !k#$079!C<!!.BC!;(/!1/$-(-!/%%(,781!&/T!!New Scientist. No- Food and Drug Administration vember 21, 2005. 10903 New Hampshire Ave YG! !C,!!.B(0()81/%%5!<#&8+(&!#,7/08-<-!1#$%&!'(!,(/%!)*,(/)!)#!)*(!%8:(e! Z(;%5!)#!?N!2&=8-#,5!U#<<8))((!#:!O#=(%!I##&-!/0&!K,#1(--(-!#0!)*(!l@)/)(<(0)! Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 on the effect of GE soy on newborn rats.’” September 18, 2006.

1-888-INFO-FDA YY! !j/%/)(-)/9!j/0$(%/!()!/%>!!.?%),/-),$1)$,/%!j#,;*#<(),81/%!/0&!R<<$0#15)#- 1*(<81/%!20/%5-(-!#:!c(;/)#15)(!O$1%(8!:,#!.O("!20/%5-8-!#:!/!Z/)!I((&807!@)$&5!"8)*!/!B(0()81/%%5! \Y! !c(&,81D9!K*8%8;!_>!!.R0=/-8#0!#:!6,/0-7(0(-!:,#T!Archives of Environmen- j#&8+(&!P,7/08-<-!80)#!O/)$,/%!K#;$%/)8#0->T!!Canadian Journal of tal Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 52. 2007. At 596 and 601. and Aquatic Sciences.!iW!VFGGYX!/)!WbFM\e!/0&!j$8,9!_8%%8/!/0&!Z81*/,&!J>! c#"/,&>!!.2--(--<(0)!#:!K#--8'%(!C1#%#781/%!Z8-D-!/0&!c/Q/,&-!#:!6,/0-7(081! Y\! !27#&89!20)#0(%%/!()!/%>!!.J()(1)8#0!#:!7(0()81/%%5!<#&8+(&!JO2!-(3$(01(-!80! I8-*!"8)*!R<;%81/)8#0-!:#,!#)*(,!@(L$/%%5!Z(;,#&$1807!P,7/08-<->T!!Transgenic milk from the Italian market.” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmen- Research 11 (2002) at 107. tal Health. January 10, 2006. \F! !23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!.C0=8,#0<(0)/%!2--(--<(0)!:#,!23$2&=/0)/7(® Yb! !J$0*/<9!Z(L>!!.@)/)$-!#:!B(0()81/%%5!j#&8+(&!V6,/0-7(081X!I8-*]!!Z(-(/,1*!/0&! Salmon.” at 72; AND Application. UN FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Safety Assessment of Foods I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0!U(0)(,!:#,!h()(,80/,5!j(&8180(!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]! J(,8=(&!:,#!!2=/8%/'%(!/) ftp://ftp. AquAdvantage Salmon.” At 126. !"#$#%&'()'()*'!##+',-.#/012$/+!3"*+3#*345($33611())(+37(/.(89(%32:32;<;3".3 <<=<2. \\! !I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0!U(0)(,!:#,!h()(,80/,5!j(&8180(>!!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]! AquAdvantage Salmon.” At 115. 15 Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Medi- 180(!2&=8-#,5!U#<<8))((>!!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]!23$2&=/0)/7(!@/%<#0>T!!@(;)(<'(,! \b! !Z>!O/5%#,!()!/%> 20, 2010 (pre-released September 3, 2010) at 67 and 77. \i! !23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!.I,(3$(0)%5!2-D(&!f$(-)8#0->T!2=/8%/'%(!/)!*));]^^ 16 Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Medi- """>/3$/'#$0)5>1#<^)(1*0#%#75^:/3MF[H>/-;L!/0&!#0!+%(>!!211(--(&!@(;)(<'(,! 180(!2&=8-#,5!U#<<8))((>!!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]!23$2&=/0)/7(!@/%<#0>T!!@(;)(<'(,! 3, 2010. 20, 2010 (pre-released September 3, 2010) at 108. \d! !Z>!O/5%#,!()!/%>!2)!R0),#&$1)8#0!/0&!b\\> 17 Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine Veterinary j(&8180(!2&=8-#,5!U#<<8))((>!!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]!23$2&=/0)/7(!@/%<#0>T!/)!\G9! \H! !N/$:!.AI,/0D(0+-*A!#,!6#<#,,#"A-!J800(,>T!! Post. Octo- 88-89. ber 17, 2000.

YW! !!23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!.C0=8,#0<(0)/%!2--(--<(0)!:#,!23$2&=/0)/7(® 38 Ibid. Salmon.” Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. August 25, 2010 at 6.0, Steps to mitigate hazards. \[! !I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0!U(0)(,!:#,!h()(,80/,5!j(&8180(!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]! AquAdvantage Salmon.” At 120-121. Y[! !j$8,9!_8%%8/!!.!K#--8'%(!C1#%#781/%!Z8-D-!#:!6,/0-7(081! P,7/08-!.K#--8'%(!C1#%#781/%!Z8-D-!#:!6,/0-7(081! the Trojan Hypothesis.” Ecology. November 23, 1999. P,7/08-!!.C0=8,#0<(0)/%!Z8-D-!R0!?-807!Bc!6,/0-7(081!2)%/0)81! FY! !.YGG9GGG!@/%<#0!C-1/;(>T!6*(I8-*@8)(>!j/,1*!YF9!FGYG>!*));]^^""">)*(+-*-8)(> @/%<#0!20&!Z/80'#"!6,#$)!I#,!U#<<(,18/%!j/,80(!K,#&$1)8#0!R0!U/0/&/>T! 1#<^+-*0("-^YYW[F^YGGGGGM-/%<#0M(-1/;( Z8-D!2--(--<(0)!Z(-(/,1*!@5<;#-8$<9!R0:#,!! Virginia Tech Extension. 1996. Available at http://www.isb.vt.edu/brarg/brasym96/ FF! !Z>!O/5%#,!()!/%>!.I$78)8=(!@/%<#0]!2--(--807!)*(!Z8-D-!#:!C-1/;(&!I8-*!:,#*)!!211(--(&!@(;)(<'(,!F9!FGYG>!!2)!U*/;)(,!YGe!2OJ! K(0!23$/1$%)$,(9T!Bioscience. May 2005 at Introduction. 23$/4#$0)5>!.!I/-)(,!B,#"807!@/%<#0!U#$%&!B8=(!B,#"(,-!U#<;()8)8=(!C&7(>T!! 2=/8%/'%(!/)!*));]^^""">/:;,#)(80>1#<^;(8&#:>*)!!211(--(&!@(;)(<- 23 Ibid. ber 2, 2010.

Fb! !J(!4#089!J8)/>!!.AI,/0D(0+-*A!K,#7,/<<(!U/00(&>T!!New Zealand Herald. Feb- bF! !_*#,8-D(59!K()(,>!.j#0-/0)#A-!&#<80/01(!&,/"-!/0)8),$-)!803$8,5>T!Washington ruary 25, 2000. Post. November 29, 2009.

Fi! !23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!.C0=8,#0<(0)/%!2--(--<(0)!:#,!23$2&=/0)/7(® b\! !!B#=(,0<(0)!211#$0)/'8%8)5!P:+1(>! Salmon.” at 72. bb! !I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0!U(0)(,!:#,!h()(,80/,5!j(&8180(!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]! Fd! !B#=(,0<(0)!211#$0)/'8%8)5!P:+1(>!.B(0()81/%%5!C0780((,(&!U,#;-]!27(018(-! AquAdvantage Salmon.” At 110. 2,(!K,#;#-807!U*/07(-!)#!R<;,#=(!P=(,-87*)9!4$)!U#$%&!6/D(!2&&8)8#0/%!@)(;-!)#! Enhance Coordination and Monitoring.” November 2008. At 14. bi! !23$/4#$0)5!6(1*0#%#78(-9!R01>!!.200$/%!Z(;#,)!/0&!211#$0)->T!2)!Y\9!Yi>

FH! !c#"807)#09!c/,=(5>!.@)/)(<(0)!'(:#,(!)*(!J#<(-)81!K#%815!@$'1#<<8))((!#:!)*(! bd! !I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0!U(0)(,!:#,!h()(,80/,5!j(&8180(!.4,8(+07!K/1D()]! ?>@>!c#$-(!P=(,-87*)!/0&!B#=(,0<(0)!Z(:#,T!j/,1*!Y\9!FGGW!/)! 23$2&=/0)/7(!@/%<#0>T!!2)!K,(:/1(e!2OJ 1. I##&!/0&!J,$7!2&<808-),/)8#0>!.U#0-$<(,!fg2]!B(0()81!C0780((,807>T!!

28 Howington at 3. bH! !FY!UIZ!niYb>YY

F[! !Z>!O/5%#,!()!/%>!!2)!R0),#&$1)8#0>

30 Ibid.

AC$D(.@$$%.E.5&()*.5&(+,B.I##&!g!_/)(,!_/)1*!8-!/!0#0;,#+)!1#0-$<(,!#,7/08Q/)8#0!)*/)! works to ensure clean water and safe food. Food & Water Watch works with grassroots organiza- tions around the world to create an economically and environmentally viable future. Through research, public and policymaker education, media and lobbying, we advocate policies that guarantee safe, wholesome food produced in a humane and sustainable manner, and public, rather than private, control of water resources including oceans, rivers and groundwater.

Copyright © September 2010 by Food & Water Watch. All rights reserved. This issue brief can be viewed or downloaded at www.foodandwaterwatch.org.