DOCSLIB.ORG

Credit Services for the Osaifu-Keitai Mobile Payment System on Open OS Terminals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Credit Services for the Osaifu-Keitai Mobile Payment System on Open OS Terminals Smartphones Contactless IC Cards Credit Cards Credit Services for the Osaifu-Keitai Mobile Payment System on Open OS Terminals †0 Smartphones have grown in popularity and their OSs have Credit Card Business Division Nobuyuki Miura been published as open-source. Although open-source soft - Jin Hoshino†0 †0 ware is useful, it is at risk of being attacked based on the dis - Services Platform Department Jin-ichi Hirose covery of vulnerabilities by techniques such as reverse engi - Takashi Fukuzono†† neering. To run credit services based on our Osaifu-Keitai mobile payment system on an open-source OS terminal, a different architecture from that of conventional feature phones must be used. We have therefore developed a credit service for open OS terminals that mitigates the impact asso - ciating with revisions of existing systems while maintaining the security level achieved by feature phones. secure on terminals with this sort of 2. Architecture of Feature 1. Introduction open-source OS than on conventional Phones and Open OS Smartphones have grown in popu- feature phones (conventional i-mode Terminals larity and some of them now use OSs terminals in this case). Also, when The most important function for the that have been published as open- adapting an existing system built for implementation of credit services in source*1. Although the publication of an feature phones so that it can run on this Osaifu-Keitai is the function for secure- OS as open source software helps it to sort of new architecture, it is essential to ly writing credit card information to the become more mature and more widely consider how to mitigate the impact of contactless IC chip *3 (FeliCa®*4 chip) in used and encourages the development system revisions and reduce the costs Osaifu-Keitai. When writing informa - of applications for this OS, open source and development time associated with tion, a secure communication channel may place the OS at risk of being these improvements. We have therefore between a contactless IC chip server attacked based on the discovery of vul - developed a credit service for open OS (FeliCa server) and the FeliCa chip is nerabilities by techniques such as terminals that mitigates the impact on used to minimize the risk of tampering NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal reverse engineering*2. A new system existing systems while maintaining the or eavesdropping. After the card infor - architecture is needed to ensure that security level achieved by feature mation has been written into the FeliCa credit services using our Osaifu-Keitai phones. In this article we describe how chip, the hardware security configura - mobile payment system are no less the service was implemented. tion of the FeliCa chip is designed to NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal ©2011 NTT DOCOMO, INC. † Currently Frontier Services Department author, or source code that has been published Copies of articles may be reproduced only for per- †† Currently Credit Card Business Division in this way. sonal, noncommercial use, provided that the name *2 Reverse engineering: A process of analyz- NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal, the name(s) of *1 Open source: A generic term for a software ing the configuration and operation of software the author(s), the title and date of the article appear license that allows source code to be published or hardware to clarity manufacturing methods in the copies. while protecting the copyright of the software and operating principles. NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal Vol. 13 No. 2 43 Credit Services for the Osaifu-Keitai Mobile Payment System on Open OS Terminals prevent the credit card information information is also written to the FeliCa ten to the FeliCa chip. We therefore from being tampered with. chip by issuing a write request to the adopted an architecture where an inter - Figure 1 compares the architecture FeliCa server. On the other hand, the mediary server that is less susceptible to of a feature phone with that of an open terminal application memory on an attack is placed between the terminal OS terminal. In a feature phone, the open OS terminal is liable to be exploit- application and the FeliCa server or card information written to the FeliCa ed in an attack, and if it is used for the other server used for the storage of card chip is downloaded from a server that temporary storage of credit card infor - information, so that the card informa - manages card information and the like mation on an open OS terminal then tion and other such data is temporarily (hereinafter referred to as “card infor - this information is at risk of being stored on the intermediary server. Since mation server”), and is temporarily held forged or tampered with so that unau - the existing servers for card information in memory. Furthermore, the credit card thorized credit card information is writ - and the like have been built for use with (a) Feature phone Feature phone Terminal application Request for card information, etc. Card information Response containing card server information, etc. Card information, Request for writing of card etc. information, etc. FeliCa server FeliCa chip Card information writing process Card information, etc. (b) Open OS terminal Open OS terminal Absorbs differences from Intermediary the interface with existing servers server (smartphone GW Request for card Attacks server for iD) information, etc. probing for Terminal Card information vulnerabilities application Response containing card server information, etc. Card information, Request for writing of card etc. information, etc. FeliCa server FeliCa chip Card information writing process NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal Card information, etc. Figure 1 Comparison of the architectures of feature phones and open OS terminals NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal *3 Contactless IC chip: A semiconductor inte- mark of Sony Corp. grated circuit that exchanges information by radio communication with an IC card reader/writer. *4 FeliCa®: A contactless IC card technology developed by Sony Corp. A registered trade - 44 NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal Vol. 13 No. 2 feature phones, the intermediary server server for iD. FeliCa chip is read out to the server to loads a function for ironing out the The smartphone GW server for iD prevent forgery and tampering. interfaces differences of terminal appli - chiefly provides four functions: 2) Interface Conversion Function cations running on open OS terminals 1) FeliCa Chip Update/referencing Communication to card information so as to minimize the impact on exist - Function servers (DOCOMO credit card system ing servers. A framework for securely writing to (Credit Mobile Gateway System the FeliCa chip is offered as a FeliCa (CREMO)), card information download 3. Implementing the server. In the smartphone GW server center, brand download center) that is Intermediary Server and for iD, the FeliCa server is used to write next to the smartphone GW server for Terminal Applications credit card information directly to the iD, is all collected into a single session 3.1 Smartphone GW Server for iD FeliCa chip, thereby eliminating the when card information is written to a The smartphone GW server for iD *5 deployment of credit card information FeliCa chip. And, interface messages is an intermediary server for securely into the memory of the open OS termi - between the systems are issued accord - writing credit card information to a Fel - nal and securing the information against ing to requests from the terminal appli - iCa chip mounted in an open OS termi - forgery or tampering. In the same way, cation. nal. Figure 2 shows the functional this framework is also used when credit In the smartphone GW server for configuration of the smartphone GW card information that has been set in the iD, interface messages from the termi - nal application for open OS terminals FeliCa server Card information server are converted into the same format as interface messages for the feature phone interface, thereby minimizing the scope of revisions that need to be made to the system that replaces the smart - Smartphone GW server for iD phone GW server for iD. In this way, Interface conversion we aim to reduce the costs and develop- function ment time associated with introducing FeliCa chip update/ referencing function the new system. Sequence management function 3) Sequence Management Function Requests from open OS terminals *6 Access control function are stored as session information to prevent the generation of interrupts from fraudulent terminals. When opera- sp-mode tions to write credit card information are configured by multiple interface NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal Open OS terminal messages from a terminal application, coordinating information about man - Figure 2 Configuration of smartphone GW server for iD agement information (IP addresses, passwords, etc.) is stored on the smart - NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal *5 iD: “iD” and the “iD” logo are trademarks or *6 Session: A meaningful episode of communi- registered trademarks of NTT DOCOMO. cation between a server and client. Here, the sequence of communication involved in writ - ing card information is treated as a session. NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal Vol. 13 No. 2 45 Credit Services for the Osaifu-Keitai Mobile Payment System on Open OS Terminals phone GW server for iD, and is carried 1) FeliCa Chip Update/referencing tion stored in the terminal’s memory is around until one session has ended. Function liable to be tampered with. Consequent- When interface messages from the ter - With this function, users are able to ly, instead of transmitting credit card minal application are not coordinated in settle payments with an open OS termi - information to the terminal application, the prescribed order, a sequence error is nal by allowing the FeliCa chip to per - this information is terminated at the deemed to have occurred and the fraud - form all access tasks such as issuing smartphone GW server for iD so that it ulent application is prevented from and deleting areas, adding, deleting and can be written directly to the FeliCa issuing interrupts.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sony Corporation – Restructuring Continues, Problems Remain
    BSTR/361 IBS Center for Management Research Sony Corporation – Restructuring Continues, Problems Remain This case was written by Indu P, under the direction of Vivek Gupta, IBS Center for Management Research. It was compiled from published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. 2010, IBS Center for Management Research. All rights reserved. To order copies, call +91-08417-236667/68 or write to IBS Center for Management Research (ICMR), IFHE Campus, Donthanapally, Sankarapally Road, Hyderabad 501 504, Andhra Pradesh, India or email: [email protected] www.icmrindia.org BSTR/361 Sony Corporation – Restructuring Continues, Problems Remain “Seven out of eight years, Sony has failed to meet its own initial operating profit forecast. This is probably the worst track record amongst most major exporters. That means that either management is not able to anticipate challenges … or they fail on execution almost every time. Either way, it does not reflect well on Sony’s management.”1 - Atul Goyal, Analyst, CLSA2, in January 2009. SONY IN CRISIS, AGAIN In May 2009, Japan-based multinational conglomerate, Sony Corporation (Sony) announced that it posted its first full year operating loss since 1995, and only its second since 1958, for the fiscal year ending March 2009. Sony announced annual loss of ¥ 98.9 billion3, with annual sales going down by 12.9% to ¥ 7.73 trillion. Sony also warned that with consumers worldwide cutting back on spending in light of the recession, the losses could be to the extent of ¥ 120 billion for the year ending March 2010 (Refer to Exhibit IA for Sony‘s five year financial summary and Exhibit IB for operating loss by business segment).
    [Show full text]
  • Technology, Media & Telecommunications Predictions 2015
    Technology, Media & Telecommunications Predictions 2015 Southeast Asia Edition Contents Foreword 3 Technology 5 The Internet of Things really is things, not people 6 Drones: high-profile and niche 10 3D printing is a revolution: just not the revolution you think 14 Click and collect booms in Europe 17 Smartphone batteries: better but no breakthrough 20 Nanosats take off, but they don’t take over 25 The re-enterprization of IT 28 Media 33 Short form video: a future, but not the future, of television 34 The ‘generation that won’t spend’ is spending a lot on media content 37 Print is alive and well – at least for books 41 Telecommunications 44 One billion smartphone upgrades 45 The connectivity chasms deepen: the growing gap in broadband speeds 51 Contactless mobile payments (finally) gain momentum 56 Endnotes 60 Recent Deloitte thought leadership 76 Contacts at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL) and its member firms 77 Foreword Welcome to the 2015 edition of Deloitte’s predictions for the technology, media and telecommunications (TMT) sectors. Our objective with this report is to analyze the key market developments over the next 12-18 months. Our points of view are built around hundreds of meetings with industry executives and commentators from around the world, as well as our proprietary programs of research with tens of thousands of consumers worldwide. Our endeavor is to provide a considered point of view on key industry trends. In some cases we seek to identify the drivers behind major inflection points and milestones, such as the first billion-unit year for the smartphone sector, or the take-off of contactless mobile payments.
    [Show full text]
  • UTAC Appointed As an Official Partner of Sony to Produce and Deliver Modules Embedded with Sony’S Felica IC
    Media Release UTAC appointed as an official partner of Sony to produce and deliver modules embedded with Sony’s FeliCa IC Singapore, 19 December 2018 – UTAC Holdings Ltd (“UTAC”), a global semiconductor test and assembly services provider based in Singapore announced today that it was appointed as an official partner of Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (“Sony”) to manufacture FeliCa1 IC module products. After module verification on testing, Sony released an acknowledgement letter that UTAC was its official partner to produce module products embedding Sony’s RC-SA01 IC chip in accordance with the FeliCa and IC chip inspection guidelines set by FeliCa Business Division. The FeliCa module products embedding Sony’s RC-SA01 IC chip are essential parts in smart card applications such as transport ticketing and payment. Sony’s FeliCa modules are currently used in various applications globally, for instance, electronic / mobile payment and transport ticketing in Japan and Hong Kong, and transport ticketing in Indonesia. Dr John Nelson, President and Chief Executive Officer, UTAC said, “We provide our customers with a complete suite of high quality engineering services including package design, smart card module assembly and high-volume manufacturing. We are honoured to be officially Sony’s FeliCa IC Module Manufacturer and look forward to supporting its needs in the future.” -END- For media enquiries, please contact: Carol Chiang Senior Manager, Marketing E: [email protected] Tel: (65) 6714 2220 1 FeliCa is a contactless IC card technology developed by Sony Corporation. FeliCa system supports the entire life cycle of IC cards including application development, card issuance, personalisation, and daily operation.
    [Show full text]
  • A 65 Nm Single-Chip Application and Dual-Mode Baseband Processor
    IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 44, NO. 1, JANUARY 2009 83 A 65 nm Single-Chip Application and Dual-Mode Baseband Processor With Partial Clock Activation and IP-MMU Masayuki Ito, Kenichi Nitta, Koji Ohno, Member, IEEE, Masahito Saigusa, Masaki Nishida, Shinichi Yoshioka, Takahiro Irita, Takao Koike, Tatsuya Kamei, Member, IEEE, Teruyoshi Komuro, Toshihiro Hattori, Member, IEEE, Yasuhiro Arai, and Yukio Kodama Abstract—Supporting both WCDMA with HSDPA and GSM/ is superior in performance, power consumption, and cost, P GPRS/EDGE, the 9.3 9.3 mm SoC fabricated in triple-Vth 65nm such SoC is widely adopted especially for high performance CMOS, has three CPU cores and 20 separate power domains. Un- cellular phone system [1]–[3]. For the SoCs targeted at cel- used power domains can be powered down to reduce the leakage power. Partial clock activation scheme especially focused on music lular phone system, efficient power control is mandatory to playback scene dynamically stops a PLL and clock trees when not satisfy the handset’s requirements. As for the leakage power necessary and reduces power consumption from 33.6 mW to 19.6 reduction, power domain separation to shut down power supply mW. IP-MMU translates virtual address to physical address for of unnecessary power domains is very important [4], [5]. In 18 hardware-IPs and virtual address space can be allocated when necessary and can be freed after its operation, reducing external addition, lower power consumption and longer battery time for memory by 43 MB. Video performance of D1 (720 520) size with a certain scene such as music playback is one of the biggest 30 frames per second for MPEG/AVC decoding and encoding can key features for the handsets and is strongly required.
    [Show full text]
  • Smartphone Trend and Evolution in Japan
    Smartphone Trend and Evolution in Japan Smartphone Trend and Evolution in Japan MCPC / Impress R&D joint survey conducted in September 2010 January 28, 2011 Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium Smartphone Committee Yoshinari Shiraishi Daiji Ishikawa Shinya Sano Keiichi Sakurai Copyright © Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium. Smart Phone Promotion Committee .All rights reserved. 1 Smartphone Trend and Evolution in Japan Table of Contents 1. Smartphone Trend and Market Forecasts 1.1 Smartphone Definition and Recognition………………………………………………......3 1.1.1 Smartphone Definition -MCPC-……………………………………………………3 1.1.2 Smartphone Recognition………………………………………………................ 4 1.1.3 Intended Adoption of Smartphone………………………………........................4 1.2 Medium-Term Smartphone Market Forecasts……………………………………............6 1.2.1 Overview of Smartphone Market Forecasts………………………………………6 1.2.2 Tablet PC Market Forecasts………………………………………………….........7 2. Smartphone Evolution and Future Prospects 2.1 Evolution toward Cloud Computing…………………………………………………………8 2.1.1 Integration of 2nd Generation Smartphones and Cloud 2.0……………………8 2.2 Smartphone Technology Developments…………………………………………………..11 2.2.1 Web Technology Issues and the Shift toward HTML5………………………….11 2.2.2 FeliCa and NFC (Near Field Communication)…………………………………..11 2.3 Future Prospects…………………………………………………………………………….12 2.3.1 2011Market Overview……………………………………………………………...12 Copyright © Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium. Smart Phone Promotion Committee .All rights reserved. 2 Smartphone Trend and Evolution in Japan 1. Smartphone Trend and Market Forecasts 1.1 Smartphone Definition and Recognition 1.1.1 Smartphone Definition -MCPC- MCPC defined the smartphone in the 2009 market forecast we published in March 2009. Smartphones have become more and more prevalent across the globe, and we believe that as defined the smartphone is a universal term that contributes to the promotion of open utilization.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2003 Report Annual
    Ended March 31, 2003 Ended31, March Year Annual Report 2003 Annual Annual Report 2003 Ye ar Ended March 31 2003 Financial Highlights Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries Year ended March 31 Yen in millions Dollars in except per share amounts and millions* except number of employeesPercent change per share amounts 2002 2003 2003/2002 2003 FOR THE YEAR Sales and operating revenue ¥7,578,258 ¥7,473,633 –1.4% $62,280 Operating income 134,631 185,440 +37.7 1,545 Income before income taxes 92,775 247,621 +166.9 2,064 Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes 9,332 115,519 +1,137.9 963 Net income 15,310 115,519 +654.5 963 Per share data: Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes —Basic ¥ 10.21 ¥ 125.74 +1,131.5% $ 1.05 —Diluted 10.18 118.21 +1,061.2 0.99 Net income —Basic 16.72 125.74 +652.0 1.05 —Diluted 16.67 118.21 +609.1 0.99 Cash dividends 25.00 25.00 0.21 AT YEAR-END Stockholders’ equity ¥2,370,410 ¥2,280,895 –3.8% $19,007 Total assets 8,185,795 8,370,545 +2.3 69,755 Number of employees 168,000 161,100 * U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from yen, for convenience only, at the rate of ¥120=U.S.$1, the approximate Tokyo foreign exchange market rate as of March 31, 2003. Please refer to pages 61 and 62 for detailed footnotes to the table above. Sony Corporation Annual Report 2003 Contents To Our Shareholders .
    [Show full text]
  • Sony Corporation Founded
    Sony Corporation Founded: May 7, 1946 Headquarters: 1-7-1 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan President and CEO: Kazuo Hirai EVP and CFO: Kenichiro Yoshida Major Products Televisions LCD televisions Digital imaging Interchangeable single-lens cameras, compact digital cameras, video cameras Audio / Video Home audio, Blu-ray Disc™ players and recorders, memory-based portable audio devices Semiconductors Image sensors and other semiconductors Electronic components Batteries, recording media, data recording systems Professional solutions Broadcast and professional-use equipment Medical Medical-related equipment Locations of Major Offices and Research Centers (in Japan) : Tokyo, Kanagawa, Miyagi Consolidated net sales ¥7,767.3 billion (fiscal year ended March 2014) Stated capital ¥646.7 billion (as of March 31, 2014) Milestones of some Products & Technologies Television 1960 TV8-301 World's first direct-view portable transistor TV. Comprised of 23 transistors and 19 diodes, this model was developed based on Sony's extensive experience in radio technology. In an age when TVs were assumed to be living room fixtures, this device opened the door to personal television use. Additionally, this model offered three choices for power input. 1962 TV5-303 Developed with the aim of bringing TV entertainment to the automobile environment, this was the world's smallest and lightest monochrome TV, which enjoyed wide popularity under the nickname “micro TV.” The slogan for the device was “Transistors have Changed TV.” 1968 KV-1310 The first in Sony's exclusive line of Trinitron color TVs. This model offered approximately twice the brightness of TVs using conventional shadow-mask tubes. This was a milestone product establishing Sony's superiority in color TVs.
    [Show full text]
  • Contactless Smart Card Schemes in the Asia Pacific Region
    Contactless Smart Card Schemes in the Asia Pacific Region © Asia Pacific Smart Card Association, 2002 The information in this document was accurate when published in August 2002. Asia Pacific Smart Card Association 12A Thomson Commercial Bldg 8 Thomson Road Hong Kong Phone : +852 25919481 Fax: +852 28349748 Email: [email protected] Contactless Smart Card Schemes in the Asia Pacific Region TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................3 TAIPEI’S EASYCARD .................................................................................................6 SINGAPORE’S EZLINK ................................................................................................7 HONG KONG’S OCTOPUS ............................................................................................9 MALAYSIA’S TOUCH’N GO ........................................................................................ 11 KOREA’S METROPOLITAN AFC SCHEME FOR SEOUL ....................................................... 13 KOREA’s MYbi CARD................................................................................................ 15 CHINA’S SHENZHEN TONG CARD................................................................................ 20 CHINA’S SHANGHAI PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CARD ..................................................... 21 JAPAN’S SUICA CARD.............................................................................................. 23 JAPAN’S EDY CARD................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2000 Year Ended March 31, 2000 TABLE of Contents Financial Highlights
    Year Ended March 31, 2000 March Ended Year Annual Report 2000 Sony Corporation Annual Report 2000 TABLE OF contents Financial Highlights . 1 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of To Our Shareholders . 2 Financial Condition and Results of Operations . 39 A Tribute to Akio Morita . 8 Quarterly Financial and Stock Information . 59 Message From the Chief Executive Officer . 10 Five-Year Summary of Selected Financial Data . 60 Business Overview. 16 Composition of Sales and Operating Revenue by Business Review Business and Geographic Segment . 61 Electronics. 18 Consolidated Balance Sheets . 62 Game . 24 Consolidated Statements of Income . 64 Music . 26 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . 65 Pictures . 28 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Insurance . 30 Stockholders’ Equity . 66 Topics . 32 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . 68 Environmental Activities at Sony . 36 Report of Independent Accountants . 97 Management . 38 Investor Information . 98 New Directors, New Statutory Auditors, and Statutory Auditors . 99 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO FORWARD–LOOKING STATEMENTS Statements made in this annual report with respect to Sony’s current plans, estimates, strategies and beliefs and other state- ments that are not historical facts are forward–looking statements about the future performance of Sony. These statements are based on management’s assumptions and beliefs in light of the information currently available to it and therefore you should not place undue reliance on them. Sony cautions you that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward–looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to (i) general economic conditions in Sony’s markets, particularly levels of consumer spending; (ii) exchange rates, particularly between the yen and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sony Creates Environmentally-Conscious Felica Card Using Page 1 of 2
    Sony Global - Press Release - Sony creates environmentally-conscious FeliCa card using Page 1 of 2 Sony creates environmentally-conscious FeliCa card using vegetable-based plastic Tokyo, Japan - In a world-first development, Sony has succeeded in creating a contactless IC card made from vegetable-based plastic (vegetable-based plastics are derived from biomass1). Such cards are based on Sony’s contactless IC card technology “FeliCa” 2 and can run applications like the Edy pre-paid e-money service, or function as ID access cards for companies and organizations. The convenience and security provided by such cards will fuel a rapid expansion of their use and this can now be allied to the environmentally conscious nature of vegetable-based plastic. As a first step, Sony will issue 2000 such cards with the Edy application for distribution within the Sony Group. The cards will also be displayed in the Sony booth at the Eco Products 2006 exhibition taking place at the Tokyo Big Sight from December 14-16 (http://www.vcc.ne.jp/eco2006/english/index.html). In addition, the Sony Health Insurance Union will issue 150,000 health insurance cards based on vegetable-based plastic (please note these are not IC cards). Photo caption: Edy card using vegetable-based plastics. As part its environmental activities Sony has been energetically promoting the use of vegetable plastic and its introduction into products and packaging. Sony already leads the industry with the casings of 7 products in 5 categories based on this kind of plastic as well as two types of packaging.3 Building on these successes, Sony moved on to the application of vegetable-based plastic to contactless IC cards.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaikai - Wikipedia Case 3:19-Cv-07027-WHA Document 28-2 Filed 10/14/19 Page 2 of 8 Not Logged in Talk Contributions Create Account Log In
    Case 3:19-cv-07027-WHA Document 28-2 Filed 10/14/19 Page 1 of 8 EXHIBIT B Gaikai - Wikipedia Case 3:19-cv-07027-WHA Document 28-2 Filed 10/14/19 Page 2 of 8 Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Gaikai From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Gaikai (外海, lit. "open sea", i.e. an expansive outdoor space) is an American company which provides technology for the streaming of high- Contents Gaikai Featured content end video games.[1] Founded in 2008, it was acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2012. Its technology has multiple applications, Current events including in-home streaming over a local wired or wireless network (as in Remote Play between the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita), as Random article well as cloud-based gaming where video games are rendered on remote servers and delivered to end users via internet streaming (such as Donate to Wikipedia the PlayStation Now game streaming service.[2]) As a startup, before its acquisition by Sony, the company announced many partners using Wikipedia store [3] the technology from 2010 through 2012 including game publishers, web portals, retailers and consumer electronics manufacturers. On July Founded November 2008 Interaction 2, 2012, Sony announced that a formal agreement had been reached to acquire the company for $380 million USD with plans of establishing Headquarters Aliso Viejo, California, U.S. [4] Help their own new cloud-based gaming service, as well as integrating streaming technology built by Gaikai into PlayStation products, resulting Owner Sony [5] [6] About Wikipedia in PlayStation Now and Remote Play.
    [Show full text]
  • NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan
    NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan Gregor Hohpe OOP Muenchen 2012 © 2010 Google, Inc. All rights reserved, 200M+ Cards 1M+ Stations Gregor Hohpe OOP 2012 1 NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan 65 Million+ Handsets Physical is the Next Frontier Gregor Hohpe OOP 2012 2 NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan Passive Communication Power (Load Modulation) Active Felica Mifare (Sony) (NXP) AES, DES Security NFC IP-1 Read Block File System / Structure Write Block ISO ISO 18092 14443 POL_REQ ATR_REQ Command Set POL_RES ATR_RES Collision Avoidance Miller / Manchester 106 / 212 / 424 kbps Amplitude Shift Keying 13.56MHz, 1/128 1/64 1/32 data Gregor Hohpe OOP 2012 3 NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan Standards and Vendors • Physical Layer, Link Layer: ISO 14443 Parts 1-4 • Phillips Mifare (ISO 14443 Type A) •Sonyy( Felica (~ISO 14443 Typ yp)e C) • FeliCa Networks = “Mobile Felica” • NTT / JR / Sony joint. • Integration with mobile phone. • NFC Forum (http://www.nfc-forum.org) • Tag Type specifications • Record Type specifications • JSR 257: Contactless Communication API NFC RFID Bluetooth Low Energy • Short Range • Longer range • up to 50m (2-5cm) (several meters) • 1:1 (mostly) • Many to one • Many to one • Read / write • Mostly read • Read write • Large Capacity • Relatively dumb • Smart device • AES/DES • Not necessarily • AES • A few Dollars • Extreme low-cost • Embedded in device • Standards, some • Standardized • Core spec fragmentation • Country specific • Widely deployed • iPhone 4s Gregor Hohpe OOP 2012 4 NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan 2001 2006 SUICA (JR) & Edy (Bitwallet) Mobile SUICA (Sony FeliCa) (NTT, Sony, JR) Stages of Adoption Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 2001 2005 2010 • Initial killer app • Broad deployment • Loyalty (transport) • Payment • Points • Technology • Mobile FeliCa • Coupons adoption •Social • Games Education, trust Mainstream use Innovation Gregor Hohpe OOP 2012 5 NFC – Near Field Communication in Japan Payments Payment: 370k Shops + 400k Vending Machines (Prepaid) Phys.
    [Show full text]