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The Founders of Maryland As Portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial

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The Founders of Maryland As Portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial aassJElLi'__3i Book. '39 C^y^^'A 2L, THE FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND. » . U( ',3^ p^ THE FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND AS PORTEAYED IN MAmJSCRIPTS, PROYESTCIAL RECORDS AI^J"D EARLY DOCUMENTS, REV. EDWARD D. NEILL, A. B., Author of "English Colonization op America," "Virginia Compant op London," "Terra Marlb," " Fairfaxes of England and America," "History of Minnesota," etc. \J "Ifec falsa dicere, nee vera reticere." ff ALBANY: JOEL MIJNSELL. 1876. PEEFACE. Every year, the citizens of ancient Padua crowd the costly church, dedicated to their townsman, the Italian Saint Anthony, and hang upon its walls, or around the shrine, sketches in oil, or water colors, commemorative of important events in their lives. One of the many good results of the centennial year of the American Republic j is the taking down from the garrets, the neglected portraits of our forefathers, the removal of the stains and dust, the substitution of new frames, for those battered and worm eaten, and in remembering their labors for posterity. With the aid of manuscripts, brought to light during the last decade, and access to the papers of the British Kecord Office, we can now portray more accurately, and hang in a better light, the Founders of Maryland. The object of this little book, is to state facts, which had become obscured or forgotten, concern- 6 Preface. ing the first European settlers on the shores of the Potomac River, and Chesapeake Bay. Bearing in mind, the sentiment of Hieronymus " in a letter to Epiphanius : Malem aliena vere- cunde dicere, quam jura imprudenter ingerere," I have recorded facts, gleaned from the manuscript Provincial Records at the capital of Maryland, and other documents of the Provincial period, rather than obtruded my own opinions. Edward D. Neill. Macalester College, near Falls of Saint Anthony, Minnesota. CONTENTS. Henry Fleet, ^^"9 Early Indian Trader, - . Fleet's Journal of a Voyage in Ship Warwick, 19 William Claiborne of Kent Island, - - 38 Embarcation of Lord Baltimore's Colony. - 59 Leonard Calvert, First - - Governor, - 65 Thomas Cornwallis, Commissioner, - - . 69 Jerome Hawley, Commission '•r, .... 33 Early Religious History, - . gir Condition of Religion during the Ascendancy op Parliament, -...._ j^o Religious Parties from the Accession of Charles the Second to A.D. - . 1700, . 141 Addenda, ----... i»77 FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND. HENRY FLEET. J3EFORE the charter ofMary land was granted, Eng- lish men, engaged in the beaver trade, had settled upon the isles and shores of the Chesapeake Bay and its tri- butaries. As one turns over the pages of the large manuscript volumes in folio, prepared by the Secretary of the London Company, he reads that on July 21st, 1621, a paper was read from Ensign Savage, relating to the great trade of furs, by Frenchmen, in the Great Bay. The letters of John Pory, Secretary of the Vir- ginia Colony, also informed the Company of a disco- very, by him and others, into the Great Bay northward, where he left " settled, very happily, near an hundred Englishmen, with hope of a good trade of furs." Among the first points, occupied by traders, was the island situated at the head of the Chesapeake Bay, near the mouth of the Susquehanna River, which was called Palmer's Island, after Edward Palmer, a nephew of the unfortunate Sir Thomas Overbury, poisoned by the malicious arrangements of the wanton wife of the Earl of Somerset. Camden speaks of Palmer as a : 10 The Founders of Maryland. curious and diligent antiquary, and the quaint Fuller writes " His plenteous estate afforded him opportunity to put forward the ingenuity implanted by nature, for the public good, resolving to erect an academy in Virginia. In order whereunto he purchased an island, called Palmer's Island unto this day, but in pursuance thereof was at many thousand pounds expense, some instruments employed therein, not discharging the trust reposed in them with corresponding fidelity."^ Another point, occupied by the whites was the junc- tion of Potomac Creek with Potomac River, in what is now Strafford County, Virginia. In the fall of 1621 the ship Warwick and pinnace Tiger, sailed from the Thames with supplies, and thirty-eight young women, selected with care, as wives for Virginia planters. On the voyage, the Captain of the Tiger fell in with a vessel of Turks, and was captured, but at length, was rescued by the coming up of another friendly ship, in company of which, he arrived with the maids, at Jamestown. The Tiger was then sent under Spilman, an experienced trader, with twenty-six men to trade for corn in the upper Potomac, and they ' ^^^^"'i' ^s ™ai-bed upon Augustine Hermann's Map of Vir ginia.^^^™;"'fand Maryland, published in 1673, which I have examined in the British Museum, is the island now known as Watson's Island, a rods few above the bridge of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Bal imore Fight with Anacostans. 11 erected a stockade at Potomac Creek. On this voyage, with twenty-one men, Spilman landed among the Anacostans, who lived on and near the site of the city of Washington, and five men remained on board, who were attacked by the savages, whom they repulsed, by the discharge of cannon. Those on shore were either killed or made prisoners, and among the latter was Henry Fleet, who became one of the prominent asso- ciates of Governor Calvert, in establishing the Province of Maryland. After a capitivity of several years he returned to England, and magnified the truth in the manner of Hennepin and La Hontan. One of the letter writers of that day says : " Here is one, whose name is Fleet, newly come from Virginia, who being lately ransomed from the Indians, with whom he hath long lived, till he hath left his own language, reporteth that he hath oftentimes been within sight of the South Seas, that he hath seen Indians besprinkle their paintings with powder of gold, that he had likewise seen rare pre- cious stones among them, and plenty of black fox, which of all others is the richest fur."^ By his rose-colored representations, he induced Lon- don merchants, to engage in the Potomac beaver trade. In September, 1627, William Cloberry a prominent London merchant, placed the Paramour, a vessel of ' Mead, in Streeter's Early Maryland Papers. 12 The Founders of Maryland. one hundred tons, in chars^e of Fleet.^ Four years later, Fleet is again in England, and on the 4th day of July, 1631, the ship Warwick with John Dunton as Master, and Henry Fleet factor, sailed for America. After visiting 'Hew England, the vessel, on the 21st of October, arrived at the mouth of James River, in Chesapeake Bay. Five days later, he reached the town of Yowaccomoco, where he had lived with the Indians for several years, and found that they, by reason of his absence, had burned the beaver skins, as was their custom. He then entered into an agree- ment that they should preserve the furs during the winter, and promised that he would come in the spring, and give them merchandize in exchange. Receiving eight hundred bushels of Indian corn, he sailed on the 6th of December, but owing to a storm, was obliged to anchor in James River. Fleet writes to his partners " in London : Divers that seemed to be my friends, advised me to visit the Governor.^ I showed myself ' Bruce's British State Papers. * Governor Jolin Harvey was, in early life, a captain in the East Indies. Late in the year 1639, he succeeded Pott, as Governor of Virginia. On the 15th of September 1634 Lord Baltimore asked Windebank, Secretary of State, to thank Harvey for assistance rendered the Maryland Colony. Three days after the King's Secretary sent a flattering note to the Governor. On the 16th of December Harvey wrote " Desirous to do Lord Baltimore all the service he is able, but his power is not great, being limited by his commission, to the greater number of voices at the Council table, where almost all are against him, especially when it concerns Maryland." In May 1635 he was deposed as Governor and sent to England by Fleet at Accomac. 13 willing, yet watched an opportunity that might be convenient for my purpose, being not minded to adventure my fortunes at the disposing of the Gover- nor." On the 10th of January he slipped away from Point Comfort, and on the 7th of February, was trad- ing with the fishermen of the New England coast. On the 6th of March, he stopped at the Isle of Shoals, near Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and procured pro- visionSj'for a return voyage, and from thence, went to Massachusetts Bay. On the 9th of April, 1632, in company with a pin- nace of twenty tons, Fleet steered for Southern waters. On the 13th of May, he arrived at the Accomac settle- ment, of which Captain William Clayborne was the prominent man. After a visit of three days, Clayborne in a small vessel accompanied him across the Chesa- peake Bay. Eight days after this, he arrived again at Yowaccomoco, and found that one Charles Harman ^ the Council, for the usurpation of power without respect to the vote of the Council,and for upholding the Marylanders in attacking Clayborne's pinnace, and for knocking out some of the teeth of a Capt. Stevens with a cudgel. The King on the 3d of April 1636 gave Harvey a new commission as Governor, and on the 18th of January 1637 returned to Jamestown and resumed his position. He was succeeded by Sir Francis Wyatt in November 1639, and died after much bodily suifering, leaving many debts.
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