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Walby, Sylvia, Olive, Philippa, Towers, Jude, Francis, Brian, Strid, Sofia, Krizsan, Andrea, Lombardo, Emanuela, May-Chahal

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Walby, Sylvia, Olive, Philippa, Towers, Jude, Francis, Brian, Strid, Sofia, Krizsan, Andrea, Lombardo, Emanuela, May-Chahal Walby, Sylvia, Olive, Philippa, Towers, Jude, Francis, Brian, Strid, Sofia, Krizsan, Andrea, Lombardo, Emanuela, May-Chahal, Corinne, Franzway, Suzanne, Sugarman, David, Agarwal, Bina and Armstrong, Jo (2015) Stopping rape: towards a comprehensive policy. Policy Press, Bristol, UK. Downloaded from: http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/4106/ Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria’s institutional repository ‘Insight’ must conform to the following fair usage guidelines. 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Alternatively contact the University of Cumbria Repository Editor by emailing [email protected]. STOPPING RAPE TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE POLICY Sylvia Walby Philippa Olive Jude Towers Brian Francis Sofia Strid Andrea Krizsan Emanuela Lombardo Corinne May-Chahal Suzanne Franzway David Sugarman Bina Agarwal Jo Armstrong STOPPING RAPE Towards a comprehensive policy Sylvia Walby, Philippa Olive, Jude Towers, Brian Francis, Sofia Strid, Andrea Krizsán, Emanuela Lombardo, Corinne May-Chahal, Suzanne Franzway, David Sugarman, Bina Agarwal and Jo Armstrong i First published in Great Britain in 2015 by Policy Press North America office: University of Bristol Policy Press 1-9 Old Park Hill c/o The University of Chicago Press Bristol BS2 8BB 1427 East 60th Street UK Chicago, IL 60637, USA t: +44 (0)117 954 5940 t: +1 773 702 7700 [email protected] f: +1 773 702 9756 www.policypress.co.uk [email protected] www.press.uchicago.edu The digital PDF version of this title is available Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits adaptation, alteration, reproduction and distribution for non-commercial use, without further permission provided the original work is attributed. The derivative works do not need to be licensed on the same terms. © Policy Press 2015 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested. ISBN 978 1 4473 2209 2 paperback ISBN 978 1 4473 2212 2 ePub ISBN 978 1 4473 2211 5 Kindle ISBN 978 1 4473 5156 6 OA pdf The right of Sylvia Walby, Philippa Olive, Jude Towers, Brian Francis, Sofia Strid, Andrea Krizsán, Emanuela Lombardo, Corinne May-Chahal, Suzanne Franzway, David Sugarman, Bina Agarwal and Jo Armstrong to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Policy Press. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the authors and not of the University of Bristol or Policy Press. The University of Bristol and Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design by Qube Design, Bristol Front cover: image kindly supplied by iStock Printed and bound in Great Britain by CMP, Poole Policy Press uses environmentally responsible print partners Contents List of abbreviations iv Notes on authors vi Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Strategy, planning and coordination 21 3 Victim services and healthcare systems 59 4 Law and the criminal justice system 111 5 Conflict zones 173 6 Culture, media and education 191 7 Economy 211 8 Conclusions 225 References 241 Index 293 iii Stopping rape List of abbreviations A&E Accident and Emergency ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics ADT androgen deprivation therapy BME black and minority ethnic CBT cognitive behavioural therapy CJS Criminal Justice System CPA cyproterone acetate CVTV closed circuit television DFID Department for International Development EIGE European Institute for Gender Equality EP European Parliament ESF European Structural Fund EU European Union EWL European Women’s Lobby FOI Freedom of Information FRA (European Union) Fundamental Rights Agency GRIP Greater Rape Intervention Program HEFCE Higher Education Funding Council for England IAFN checklist for disaster planning IAPT Improving Access to Psychological Therapies IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee IAWG Inter-Agency Working Group ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia IMAGE Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equality IRC International Rescue Committee ISVA independent sexual violence advisor LEA local education authority LGBTQ lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans or questioning MARAC multi-agency risk assessment conference MHPSS mental health and psychosocial support system MISP minimum initial service package MPA medroxyprogesterone NAP national action plan NGO non-governmental organisation NPA National Prosecuting Authority iv List of abbreviations NSOR National Sex Offender Registry PATH Psychological Advocacy Towards Healing PFA psychological first aid PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder RCNE Rape Crisis Network Europe Roks Riksorganisationen För Kvinnojourer och Tjejjourer i Sverige SACT Sexual Assault Crisis Team SAME sexual assault medical examiner SANE sexual assault nurse examiner SARC sexual assault referral centre SART sexual assault response team SORN sex offender registration and notification Star Southampton Talking About Relationships SVRI Sexual Violence Research Initiative UN United Nations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution VAWG Violence Against Women and Girls WHO World Health Organization WWC SA Working Women’s Centre South Australia v Stopping rape Notes on authors Sylvia Walby is Distinguished Professor of Sociology and UNESCO Chair in Gender Research, Lancaster University, UK. She has conducted research on gender-based violence for the UK Home Office, published as Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey (with Allen, Home Office, 2004); the UK Women and Equality Unit, The cost of domestic violence (2004); the UK Equality and Human Rights Commission, Physical and legal security and the criminal justice system (with Armstrong and Strid, 2010); Trust for London/ Northern Rock Foundation, Cuts in public expenditure on services to prevent violence against women (with Towers, 2012); the European Institute for Gender Equality, Estimating the costs of gender-based violence in the European Union (with Olive, 2014); and for the Economic and Social Research Council on the changing rate of domestic violence with Brian Francis and Jude Towers, European Commission on the gender dimension of trafficking in human beings, European Parliament, Council of Europe on the Istanbul Convention, United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. She has an OBE for services to equal opportunities and diversity. Further publications include Sex crime in the news (with Soothill, Routledge 1991), Globalization and inequalities: Complexity and contested modernities (Sage, 2009), The future of feminism (Polity, 2011), and an edited special issue of Current Sociology, 2013, vol 61, no 2, on ‘Violence and society’. Philippa Olive is Senior Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Health and Professional Practice, University of Cumbria and Senior Researcher affiliated with the UNESCO, and Chair in the Gender Research Group, Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, UK. Philippa’s research is concerned with gender- based violence, its impacts and health systems responses, and she recently completed a project with Sylvia Walby on the costs of gender-based violence in the European Union. Philippa’s previous research examined the classification of forms of gender- based violence in health systems, and the sociology of domestic violence diagnosis during emergency department consultations. vi Notes on authors Her current research projects involve analysis of health systems domestic violence incidence data and the development of better measures of the health impacts of gender-based violence. Jude Towers is Senior Research Associate in the Sociology Department at Lancaster University, UK. She has a PhD in Applied Social Statistics. Her research concentrates on
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