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United Nations: Developing Gender Statistics: a Practical Tool

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United Nations: Developing Gender Statistics: a Practical Tool United Nations Economic Commission for Europe DEVELOPING GENDER STATISTICS: A Practical Tool Reference manual prepared by the UNECE Task A PRACTICALForce on Gender Statistics TOOL Training for Statisticians with contributions from various experts United Nations Geneva 2010 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontier or boundaries. ECE/CES/8 Preface Gender statistics is not a discrete or isolated field. It cuts across traditional fields of statistics, such as economics, agriculture, health and employment, to explore the differences that exist between women and men in society. Such information is vital to inform policy and decision-makers and to make advances towards achieving gender equality. The manual Developing Gender Statistics: A Practical Tool aims to guide statistical organizations in the production and use of gender statistics, building upon the seminal work Engendering Statistics: A Tool for Change by Statistics Sweden (Hedman et al., 1996). Chapters 1 and 2 of the manual explain the importance of producing and analyzing statistics on gender differences. Chapter 3 provides guidance on data production and Chapter 4 looks in detail at selected topics relevant to gender statistics and the implications for data collection. Chapter 5 examines methods for improving the use of gender statistics through communication strategies and dissemination platforms such as interactive databases and websites. An important component of any initiative to develop statistics on gender is advocacy and partnership building. Chapter 6 provides guidance on ‘making it happen’ through campaigning for top management support, creating legislation and defining a gender statistics program. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe wishes to acknowledge the cooperation with the World Bank Institute in preparing this manual. I hope that the manual will serve as a consolidated reference for any institution or individual interested in producing high quality information about gender differences, provide valuable guidance to producers and eventually contribute to evidence-based policy-making for accelerating progress towards gender equality. Ján Kubiš Executive Secretary United Nations Economic Commission for Europe iii Acknowledgements This manual represents the result of several years of productive cooperation among the members of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Task Force on Gender Statistics Training for Statisticians with contributions from various experts. The Conference of European Statisticians (CES) would like to thank all who contributed papers and provided valuable feedback during the course of this work. In particular, the CES would like to acknowledge the contribution of the following members of the UNECE Task Force on Gender Statistics Training for Statisticians: • Gerry Brady Development Programme) (Central Statistics Office, • • Marjut Pietiläinen Ireland) George Kavelashvili (National Statistics Office (Statistics Finland) • John Curry of Georgia) • Dragana Djokovic Papic (Food and Agriculture • (Statistical Office of the Organization) Vladimir Magnaradze (National Statistics Office Republic of Serbia) • Gulnara Febres of Georgia) • Maria Giuseppina (World Bank Institute) • Robert Mayo Muratore • Cristina Freguja (Food and Agriculture (ISTAT) (ISTAT) Organization) • Tare Noori • Riet Groenen (United • Marina Mijovska (Statistics Sweden) Nations Population Fund) (State Statistical Office of • the Republic of Ko Oudhof • Maria Hartl Macedonia) (Statistics Netherlands) (International Fund for • Victoria Velkoff Agricultural Development) • Susanne Milcher (United States Census (United Nations Bureau) This manual has benefited from contributions by independent experts as well as experts from Eurostat, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank Institute (WBI) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). They include: Asush Aghabalyan, Petteri Baer, Julie Ballington, Giorgina Brown, Debbie Budlender, Nadja Dolata, Heather Dryburgh, Barbara Dunlop, Marge Fauvelle, Peter Gardner, Hermann Habermann, Ralf Hussmanns, Diane Herz, Karen Hurrell, Seppo Kouvonen, Edith Kuiper, Sophia Lawrence, María Eugenia Gómez Luna, Adriana Mata-Greenwood, Iiris Niemi, Mihail Peleah, Camilla Gidlöf Regnier, Maria Clelia Romano, Elena Sannikova, Manfred Schmiemann, Diane Steel, Kristian Rose Tronstad, Joann Vanek, Elizabeth Villagomez, Sylvia Walby, Julia Weinmann, and Vesna Zajc. The design and layout of this publication was prepared by Dianne Andrysiak. The CES Bureau has provided constructive guidance and assistance throughout the development of this publication. Special thanks go to the staff of the UNECE and the World Bank Institute, whose leadership and substantive contributions have made this publication a reality. They are Gulnara Febres from the World Bank Institute and Elisa Benes, Enrico Bisogno, Jessica Gardner, Linda Hooper, Nato Kurshitashvili, Tiina Luige and Angela Me from the UNECE. The preparation of this manual has benefited from the financial support from the World Bank Development Grant Facility. iv Contents Preface .......................................... iii 4.4 Unpaid work ................................ 56 4.5 Reconciliation ofwork and family life .. 59 4.6 Entrepreneurship .......................... 63 Acknowledgements.............................iv 4.7 Decision-making............................ 69 4.8 Agriculture.................................. 76 4.9 Access to assets ............................ 80 ChapterC 1 4.10 Information and communication What is gender statistics and gender technology .................................. 87 analysis ........................................... 1 4.11 Education, research and science ........ 93 4.12 Health ......................................100 4.13 Gender-based violence...................105 1.1 Introduction ..................................1 4.14 Gender attitudes .........................110 1.2 The importance of a gender perspective in 4.15 Minority groups............................114 statistics ......................................1 4.16 Social exclusion ...........................121 1.3 Intersection ofgender with other social groups ....................2 1.4 Gender statistics topics.....................3 Chapter 5 1.5 Making gender visible in statistics.........4 Improving the use of gender statistics...127 1.6 Gender equality..............................5 5.1 Communication of statistics.............127 5.2 Dissemination..............................129 Chapter 2 5.3 UNECE Gender Statistics Database and Why do we need gender statistics?.......... 7 website.....................................134 2.1 Introduction .................................7 2.2 Importance ofgender statistics...........7 Chapter 6 2.3 Gender statistics Making it happen.............................139 in the policy-making process...............7 2.4 Gender statistics to inform general public 6.1 Dynamics ofgetting started .............139 ............................................... 10 6.2 Building alliances .........................139 2.5 Gender statistics to improve national 6.3 Top management .........................141 statistical systems ......................... 10 6.4 Develop funding...........................142 6.5 Legislation .................................142 6.6 Defining agender statistics program...144 Chapter 3 6.7 Organization of the gender statistics How to produce gender statistics: general program ....................................144 issues.............................................11 3.1 Introduction ................................ 11 Abbreviations.................................148 3.2 Statistical production process........... 11 3.3 Data sources................................ 24 3.4 Time Use Surveys .......................... 33 References ....................................149 Chapter 4 Annex 1 Selected topics relevant to gender statistics UNECE Gender Statistics Database: and implications for data collection .......41 List of indicators .............................160 4.1 Introduction ................................ 41 4.2. Size, structure and characteristics ofthe Annex 2 labour force ................................ 42 Case study on participatory gender statistics 4.3 Informal employment ..................... 49 training ........................................163 v Chapter 1 Gender statistics and gender analysis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The importance of a gender Gender statistics is not a discrete or isolated field. perspective in statistics It relates to all fields of statistics and is a tool to The first challenge faced by advocates of a gender facilitate the change needed to address gender perspective in statistics is to convince issues. Identifying the information required to statisticians, and sometimes even some potential inform and understand the problems and goals users, of the importance and feasibility of this connected with gender issues is essential to the field of work. Many argue that gender is already production of gender statistics. Therefore, a fully incorporated
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