DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Cultural Discourse on Female Reproductive Rights Aneela Sultana Department of Anthropology Quaid-I-Azam University, Islam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Cultural Discourse on Female Reproductive Rights Aneela Sultana Department of Anthropology Quaid-I-Azam University, Islam Socio-Cultural Discourse on Female Reproductive Rights (A Case Study of Pothohar Village, District Attock) Dissertation submitted as fulfillment of the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology at the Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad BY Aneela Sultana Department of Anthropology Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017 i Socio-Cultural Discourse on Female Reproductive Rights (A Case Study of Pothohar Village, District Attock) Summited By: - Aneela Sultana Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Anthropology Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Supervisor: - Prof. Dr. Hafeez-ur-Rehman Department of Anthropology Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Department of Anthropology Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017 ii Dedicated to the dreams of my loving father iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to thank Allah, All Mighty, the most Beneficent and Merciful, Who by His Grace bestowed me with the ability, courage and means to complete this piece of work. It would not have been possible without His blessings and approval. Great acknowledgement is extended to my thesis supervisor Prof. Dr. Hafeez-ur-Rehman whose guidance, support and encouragement made it possible for me to complete the arduous process of writing this dissertation. He enabled me to think critically about my work and his insightful comments and valuable feedback helped me to review my work again and again. I deeply appreciate his help and support through tough times, personal and professional, during this entire journey. I would like to thank my foreign referees Dr. Werbner and Dr. Spooner for their comments and appreciation that helped me to proofread my work. Enormous thanks goes to Dr. Saadia Abid, Incharge Department of anthropology and Dr. Waheed Chaudhry for all their kindness and cooperation. I am also thankful to other Faculty Members and Colleagues of Anthropology Department for their cooperation and encouragement. I would like to acknowledge the support that I received from other staff members Rafique Sahib, Mr. Khalid Tanveer, Sajjad, Basir, Aftab and Shahzada Aftab. I am deeply indebted to my family, especially my parents for their unconditional support, continuous prayers and love. I would never be able to thank them enough for investing in my life and bringing me close to my dreams. It is difficult to express in words how much they have contributed to make me the kind of woman I aspire to be, their unwavering support has helped me to become what I am today and I owe my every success to them. I also appreciate the contributions of my husband Imran Aslam and other family members in the completion of this task. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my sincere friend Dr. Sadia Saeed for her moral support throughout this dissertation writing. Last but not the least, I am also profoundly thankful to my key informants and host family who assisted me during my data collection. Their enthusiasm, kindness and interest in the subject made it a pleasure to work with them. Undoubtedly, they deserve a special mention. I owe heartfelt thanks to my maid Ruqayya for her help, limitless encouragement and above all for showing real curiosity about finalizing my dissertation. Shortly, I want to thank all my well-wishers who understand me, pray for me and encourage me whenever I accomplish any goal. Aneela Sultana iv ACRONYMS AAA American Anthropological Association BHU Basic Health Units CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate FPAP Family Planning Association of Pakistan FWCW Fourth World Conference on Women IUD Intrauterine Device ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICCPR The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICASC International Campaign on Abortion, Sterilization and Contraception LHW Lady Health Workers LHV Lady Health Visitor MMR Maternal Mortality Rate MNCH Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health NGO Non-governmental organization NIPS National Institute of Population Studies PHC Primary Health Care PDHS Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys TV Television UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund WHO World Health Organization WPPA World Population Programme of Action. v ABSTRACT This thesis mainly explores the association between the socio-cultural context and women‘s perception and practice of their reproductive rights. Meeting reproductive needs of rural women living in a traditional culture of Pakistan is no less than a challenge where sexuality is a taboo subject. There is little known about the sexual and reproductive practices and behaviour of women. The issues pertaining to female‘s reproductive rights remain unacknowledged at the policy level and lack implementation. Studies that were conducted In Pakistan before had mostly focused on the issues of maternal health from the service delivery aspect and very few attempts have been made to empirically assess linkages between socio-cultural factors and Reproductive Rights. In order to have a clear picture of the state of females reproductive rights, this study was conducted in village Choha Shah Ghareeb of District Attock, in the Province of Punjab with the prime objective to understand the perception and practices of reproductive rights among females of the reproductive age group (15-49 years). The study employed anthropological methods including participant observation, in-depth interviews, illness narratives to provide a comprehensive analysis of reproductive with an emic perspective. The study explored their participation in Fertility Decision Making and utilization of reproductive health services such as antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care. Furthermore, it investigated those traditional practices which affect female‘s reproductive rights such as early marriages, inability to access modern health care facilities, nutritional taboos, consequences of infertility, son preferences and unsafe induce abortion etc. The study elaborated key aspects linked to the notion of female sexuality and fertility. The findings show that socio-cultural norms inhibit discussion related to sexuality and reproductive health and young girls‘ receive little information about puberty prior to menarche which becomes the foundation for their incapacity to safeguard their future reproductive health. Marriage is considered a religious duty and an inevitable act. Field findings reflect the importance of marriage to protect the honor of women and also for the formation of a family unit. The right to marry and form a family was more recognized vi in terms of parental responsibility and obligation to arrange timely marriage of their children. Among married women interviewed in this study, 45% were asked to give their opinion in spouse selection and more than one third of respondents were married to their cousins. Women were also aware of their right to seek divorce yet the majority of them (47%) disagreed and urged the necessity to avoid dissolution of marriage due to the fear of social disgrace, family pressure, being separated from children and due to the limited opportunities to marry again. Sexuality for married women is an area of compromise, obligation, and lack of control. Sexual obedience is considered an essential characteristic of a good and successful wife. The majority of the respondents agreed that they would never like to refuse their husbands and perceived sex as a ‗wife‘s duty & religious obligation‖. Furthermore, good women are expected to be ignorant and passive in sexual matters and sexual subservience is used as a strategy to gain love and respect from their husbands and also to secure their present and future well-being. Women‘s understanding of their reproductive health comes from their socialization pattern, configuration of gender roles and sense of motherhood and identity based on their norms and traditions. Women placed safe motherhood as an important element of their expressed meaning of reproductive rights and strongly emphasized their right to have good reproductive health care particularly during pregnancy and post-partum period. But practically, the majority of them considered conception and the act of giving birth as ‗natural‘ and received antenatal care mostly in case having some health problem. There was a clear preference for home delivery and hospitals were chosen in case of emergency or health risk or in the absence of family member to assist home delivery. Women perceived childlessness as a curse because children strengthened the marital bond and raised their status in the family. Having a quick pregnancy meant compliance with social norms and family expectations. Successful childbearing gives them respect and decision making authority in reproductive matters. Women also discussed the deteriorating effect of excessive births for their reproductive health and the majority of vii them acknowledged their right to space births and determine family size. Many women mentioned their limited decision making authority with regards to keeping their family size smaller and also accepted the covert use of contraceptives and induced abortion without consent of their husbands in case of having closely spaced pregnancies, health concerns, or under extreme economic misery etc. The majority of women had knowledge of modern contraceptives and apart from them they also knew and practiced traditional
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introducing Women's and Gender Studies: a Collection of Teaching
    Introducing Women’s and Gender Studies: A Teaching Resources Collection 1 Introducing Women’s and Gender Studies: A Collection of Teaching Resources Edited by Elizabeth M. Curtis Fall 2007 Introducing Women’s and Gender Studies: A Teaching Resources Collection 2 Copyright National Women's Studies Association 2007 Introducing Women’s and Gender Studies: A Teaching Resources Collection 3 Table of Contents Introduction……………………..………………………………………………………..6 Lessons for Pre-K-12 Students……………………………...…………………….9 “I am the Hero of My Life Story” Art Project Kesa Kivel………………………………………………………….……..10 Undergraduate Introductory Women’s and Gender Studies Courses…….…15 Lecture Courses Introduction to Women’s Studies Jennifer Cognard-Black………………………………………………………….……..16 Introduction to Women’s Studies Maria Bevacqua……………………………………………………………………………23 Introduction to Women’s Studies Vivian May……………………………………………………………………………………34 Introduction to Women’s Studies Jeanette E. Riley……………………………………………………………………………...47 Perspectives on Women’s Studies Ann Burnett……………………………………………………………………………..55 Seminar Courses Introduction to Women’s Studies Lynda McBride………………………..62 Introduction to Women’s Studies Jocelyn Stitt…………………………….75 Introduction to Women’s Studies Srimati Basu……………………………………………………………...…………………86 Introduction to Women’s Studies Susanne Beechey……………………………………...…………………………………..92 Introduction to Women’s Studies Risa C. Whitson……………………105 Women: Images and Ideas Angela J. LaGrotteria…………………………………………………………………………118 The Dynamics of Race, Sex, and Class Rama Lohani Chase…………………………………………………………………………128
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    GRIFFITH JOURNAL OF LAW & HUMAN DIGNITY Editor-in-Chief Michelle Gunawan Special Issue Executive Editors Deputy Editor Isaac Avery Alexandria Neumann Josephine Vernon Editors Vanessa Antal Kim Johnson Myles Bayliss Leanne Mahly Mark Batakin Juliette Murray Reyna de Bellerose Yassamin Ols n Renee Curtis Isabelle Quinn Elizabeth Englezos o Danyon Jacobs Andrea Rimovetz Consulting Executive Editor Dr Allan Ardill Gender, Culture, and Narrative Special Issue 2017 Published in April 2017, Gold Coast, Australia by the Griffith Journal of Law & Human Dignity ISSN: 2203-3114 We acknowledge and thank Indie Grant Male for creating our Special Issue cover art - and Molly Jackson . We also extend our appreciation to Molly Jackson for her indispensable role in shaping the vision and content of the Special Issue in its early stages. CONTENTS MICHELLE GUNAWAN EDITORIAL 1 6 DR KATHERINE FALLAH RE GEORGIO: AN INTIMATE ACCOUNT OF TRANSGENDER INTERACTIONS WITH LAW AND SOCIETY 40 PIDGEON PAGONIS FIRST DO NO HARM: HOW INTERSEX KIDS ARE HURT BY THOSE WHO HAVE TAKEN THE HIPPOCRATIC OATH 52 DR CARMEN LAWRENCE WOMEN, SEXISM, AND POLITICS: DOES PSYCHOLOGY HELP? RACHEL KUO SCRIPTING RACED AND GENDERED MYTHS OF 68 (UN)BELONGING 91 TUANH NGUYEN AND GENDER, CULTURE, AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION: A REYNAH TANG TRAFFIC JAM AT THE INTERSECTION DR LAUREN ROSEWARNE FROM MEMOIR TO MAKE BELIEVE: BEYONCÉ’S 112 LEMONADE AND THE FABRICATION POSSIBILITY ELISE STEPHENSON, CLIMBING THE ‘STAIRCASE’: DO EEO POLICIES 122 KAYE BROADBENT, AND CONTRIBUTE TO WOMEN ACHIEVING SENIOR GLENDA STRACHAN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN UNIVERSITIES IN AUSTRALIA AND HONG KONG? JUNTAO LYU THE STORY OF A ‘LEFT-BEHIND’ CHILD OF CHINA 153 JUDITH HERRMANN EXPERIENCES, CHALLENGES, AND LESSONS LEARNED 165 — INTERVIEWING RWANDAN SURVIVORS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE HAZAL GACKA LEVELLING THE PLAYING FIELD: DISCRIMINATION 189 AGAINST WOMEN IN SPORT GENDER, CULTURE, AND NARRATIVE: EDITORIAL I INTRODUCTION Stories and narratives have long been used to influence, transform, and drive social change.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Work and Women's Studies, 1973-1974: a Bibliography
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 130 986 SO 009 599 AUTHOR Friedman, Barbara, Ed.; And Others TITLE Women's Work and Women's Studies, 1973-1974: A Bibliography. INSTITUTION Columbia Univ., New York, N.Y., Barnard Coll. PUB DATE 75 NOTE 381p.; For a related document, see ED 096 213 AVAILABLE FROMThe Feminist Press, Box 334, Old Westbury, New York 11568 ($12.50) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Abortions; *Bibliographies; Cross Cultural Studies; Employment; Family (Sociological Unit); *Females; *Feminism; Fine Arts; Health; Literary Criticism; Politics; Rape; Religion; Resources; Seic Differences; Sex Role; Sexuality; Social Status; Womens Education; *Womens Studies; *Working Women ABSTRACT The bibliography lists almost 4,000 books, articles, pamphlets, and research papers about women and feminism. All items in this third volume were published or in progress in 1973-1974. The items are classified by the topics of abortion, arts and media, contemporary women's movement, cultural studies, education, employment, family organization, government and politics, history, legal status, literary criticism, mental and physical health, rape, religion, sex roles and sex differences, sexuality, and bibliographies and resources. Most topics are divided into specific subtopics with each entry listed only once; thus, there are no cross-references. Some of the entries are annotated. A list of related bibliographical sources and an index to authors conclude the bibliography. (ND) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS).
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations: Developing Gender Statistics: a Practical Tool
    United Nations Economic Commission for Europe DEVELOPING GENDER STATISTICS: A Practical Tool Reference manual prepared by the UNECE Task A PRACTICALForce on Gender Statistics TOOL Training for Statisticians with contributions from various experts United Nations Geneva 2010 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontier or boundaries. ECE/CES/8 Preface Gender statistics is not a discrete or isolated field. It cuts across traditional fields of statistics, such as economics, agriculture, health and employment, to explore the differences that exist between women and men in society. Such information is vital to inform policy and decision-makers and to make advances towards achieving gender equality. The manual Developing Gender Statistics: A Practical Tool aims to guide statistical organizations in the production and use of gender statistics, building upon the seminal work Engendering Statistics: A Tool for Change by Statistics Sweden (Hedman et al., 1996). Chapters 1 and 2 of the manual explain the importance of producing and analyzing statistics on gender differences. Chapter 3 provides guidance on data production and Chapter 4 looks in detail at selected topics relevant to gender statistics and the implications for data collection. Chapter 5 examines methods for improving the use of gender statistics through communication strategies and dissemination platforms such as interactive databases and websites. An important component of any initiative to develop statistics on gender is advocacy and partnership building.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender College
    University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Dissertations Student Research 8-1-2015 An Exploration of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender College Student Identity Development: Development Through the Early 21st Century’S Increased Politicization of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Civil Rights Tony Ray Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Smith, Tony Ray, "An Exploration of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender College Student Identity Development: Development Through the Early 21st Century’S Increased Politicization of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Civil Rights" (2015). Dissertations. Paper 51. This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2015 TONY R. SMITH ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School AN EXPLORATION OF GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER COLLEGE STUDENT IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT: DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY’S INCREASED POLITICIZATION OF GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER CIVIL RIGHTS A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Tony R. Smith College of Education and Behavioral Sciences Department of Leadership,
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: TRANS SPACE AS CULTURAL
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: TRANS SPACE AS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE—TRANSGENDER WOMEN OF COLOR IN WASHINGTON, D.C. A. Anthony, Doctor of Philosophy, 2019 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Sheri Parks, Department of American Studies, Emeritus Transgender civil rights and public displays of trans visibility have come to the fore of the American imagination. To date, however, little work has thoroughly examined Black and Latinx trans women’s central role as experts in LGBT community-caregiving practices. As a result, scholarship and popular culture concerned with “the transgender tipping point” ( Time May 29, 2014) generally endorse a narrative that characterizes transgender women of color primarily as celebrities, victims of transphobic violence, or historic figures of the LGBT liberation movement, if they are mentioned at all, making their everyday lives marginal or non-existent at a time when their presence in popular culture is exploding. Without an adequate fieldwork model, we undervalue the everyday lives and landscapes of transgender women of color in the United States, ultimately leading to a two-dimensional conceptualization of identity categories such as race, gender, and sexuality. Trans Space as Cultural Landscape—Transgender Women of Color in Washington, D.C, remedies this gap by creating and applying Bodies in spaces— the trans cultural landscape analysis fieldwork model . The trans model extends the work of Americanist Jeremey Korr (2002) to reimagine the study of trans space, place, and gender transition. It is divided into the following components: detailed site description, aesthetics, language and material culture, and community research. At the heart of Trans Space is an ethnographic study of Casa Ruby, a bilingual social service nonprofit in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Intersectional Identities and Microaggressions: the Experience of Transgender Females
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations Counseling & Human Services Summer 2019 Intersectional Identities and Microaggressions: The Experience of Transgender Females Cory Daniel Gerwe Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/chs_etds Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons, Counseling Psychology Commons, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons, Mental and Social Health Commons, and the Personality and Social Contexts Commons Recommended Citation Gerwe, Cory D.. "Intersectional Identities and Microaggressions: The Experience of Transgender Females" (2019). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Counseling & Human Services, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/b56d-ev68 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/chs_etds/113 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Counseling & Human Services at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERSECTIONAL IDENTITIES AND MICROAGGRESSIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF TRANSGENDER FEMALES by Cory Daniel Gerwe B.S May 2009, Old Dominion University M.S.Ed December 2014, Old Dominion University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY July 2019 Approved by: Jeffry Moe, Ph.D. (Director) Radha Horton-Parker, Ph.D. (Member) Alan Schwitzer, Ph.D. (Member) Judith Dunkerly-Bean, Ph.D. (Member) ABSTRACT INTERSECTIONAL IDENTITIES AND MICROAGGRESSIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF TRANSGENDER FEMALES Cory Gerwe Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr.Jeffry Moe Historically, attention given to privileged LGBT minorities such as white LGBT individuals, renders those who experience multiple minority identities as unacknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • Bisexuality in Europe; Sexual Citizenship
    “A much needed anthology of bi+ research and theory, beyond the standard Anglo- American focus. This book brings together a wealth of exciting and important chapters from a diverse range of locations and perspectives, with a particularly rich exploration of bi+ relationships of all kinds. A must- read for sexuality and relationship scholars.” – Meg- John Barker, author of The Bisexuality Report, The Psychology of Sex, and Sexuality: A Graphic Guide. Bisexuality in Europe Bisexuality in Europe offers an accessible and diverse overview of research on bisexuality and bi+ people in Europe, providing a foundation for theorising and empirical work on plurisexual orientations and identities, and the experiences and realities of people who desire more than one sex or gender. Counteracting the predominance of work on bisexuality based in Anglo- American contexts, this collection of 15 contributions from both early-career and senior academics reflects the current state of research in Europe on bisexuality and people who desire more than one sex or gender. The book is structured around three interlinked themes that resonate with the international research frontiers of bisexual theorising: bisexual citizenship, intimate relationships, and bisexual+ identities. This book is the first of its kind to bring together research from various European coun- tries including Austria, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Scandinavian countries, as well as from Europe as a wider geographical region. Topics include pansexual identity, non- monogomies, asylum seekers, and youth cultures. This is an essential collection for students and researchers in LGBTQI Studies and Sexuality Studies. Emiel Maliepaard is a researcher at Atria: Institute on Gender Equality.
    [Show full text]
  • “It's A... Does It Matter?”
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington “It’s a... does it matter?” Theorising “boy or girl” binary classifications, intersexuality and medical practice in New Zealand Geraldine Christmas A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2013 Abstract This thesis investigates the clinical management of intersexuality in New Zealand and support for intersex New Zealanders and their families. My research is informed by the narratives of New Zealanders with intersex conditions, parents of children with intersex conditions, registered nurses, specialist clinicians, representatives from community/support organisations and a former member of parliament. This thesis also investigates medical teaching in New Zealand: not only about intersex anatomy but two key issues which shape society – gender and sexuality. Feminist, postmodern and queer theorising about these issues also inform this thesis in relation to traditional assumptions about gender and sexuality, and medical recommendations for sex assignment and rearing. Historical accounts of societal attitudes and medical thinking towards sex classification, sexuality and intersexuality also inform this thesis. Despite New Zealand‟s reputation as an egalitarian democracy, my findings show that judgemental attitudes towards difference still exist in parts of New Zealand society. This is discussed with reference to poststructuralist and oral history theorising about societal power structures and research on sensitive topics. Undertaking research in New Zealand, on what can be regarded as a sensitive topic, can be difficult in terms of maintaining confidentiality in a small population.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism, Social Change, and Beauty Culture, 1960--2000
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2005 Marketing to the 'liberated' woman: Feminism, social change, and beauty culture, 1960--2000 Elizabeth A. Kreydatus College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Marketing Commons, United States History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kreydatus, Elizabeth A., "Marketing to the 'liberated' woman: Feminism, social change, and beauty culture, 1960--2000" (2005). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623483. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-hfej-p605 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. Furtherowner. reproduction Further reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. MARKETING TO THE ‘LIBERATED’ WOMAN Feminism, Social Change, and Beauty Culture, 1960—2000 A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Elizabeth A. Kreydatus 2005 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Elizabeth A.
    [Show full text]
  • Masculinities and the Far-Right
    OXFAM RESEARCH BACKGROUNDER Masculinities and the Rise of the Far-Right Implications for Oxfam’s Work on Gender Justice Alan Greig CONTENTS Oxfam’s Research Backgrounders ........................................................... 2 Author Information and Acknowledgments ............................................... 2 Citations of this paper ............................................................................... 3 Executive Summary .................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 12 1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 12 1.2 Defining the Far-Right ....................................................................... 14 1.3 Researching the Far-Right ................................................................ 18 1.4 Conceptualizing Far-Right Masculinities ........................................... 22 1.5 Study Aims, Methods and Report Structure ...................................... 29 2. Excluded Men? Far-Right Uses of Crisis Masculinities ....................... 30 2.1 Narratives of Male Exclusion and the Rise of the Far-Right .............. 30 2.2 Gender, Economic Recession and Support for the Far-Right ............ 31 2.3 Crises of Masculinity and their Meanings for the Far-Right ............... 34 2.4 The Use of Crisis Masculinities by the Far-Right ............................... 39 3. Dangerous Men! Far-Right
    [Show full text]