“A much needed anthology of bi+ research and theory, beyond the standard Anglo- American focus. This book brings together a wealth of exciting and important chapters from a diverse range of locations and perspectives, with a particularly rich exploration of bi+ relationships of all kinds. A must- read for sexuality and relationship scholars.” – Meg- John Barker, author of The Bisexuality Report, The Psychology of Sex, and Sexuality: A Graphic Guide. Bisexuality in Europe Bisexuality in Europe offers an accessible and diverse overview of research on bisexuality and bi+ people in Europe, providing a foundation for theorising and empirical work on plurisexual orientations and identities, and the experiences and realities of people who desire more than one sex or gender. Counteracting the predominance of work on bisexuality based in Anglo- American contexts, this collection of 15 contributions from both early-career and senior academics reflects the current state of research in Europe on bisexuality and people who desire more than one sex or gender. The book is structured around three interlinked themes that resonate with the international research frontiers of bisexual theorising: bisexual citizenship, intimate relationships, and bisexual+ identities. This book is the first of its kind to bring together research from various European coun- tries including Austria, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Scandinavian countries, as well as from Europe as a wider geographical region. Topics include pansexual identity, non- monogomies, asylum seekers, and youth cultures. This is an essential collection for students and researchers in LGBTQI Studies and Sexuality Studies. Emiel Maliepaard is a researcher at Atria: Institute on Gender Equality. His work on the lived experiences of bisexual people has been published in, among other publications, Social and Cultural Geography, Sexualities, the Journal of Bisexuality, and Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. Emiel has a special interest in social ontologies and theories such as practice theories. He organised (with Dr Caroline Walters) the First European Bisexuality Research Conference (2016), edited a special issue of the Journal of Bisexuality on (inter)national research frontiers in Europe, and wrote guidelines for bi inclusivity in Dutch (LGBT) organisations, healthcare services, and (government) policies. He is also involved in projects on sexual and (ex)partner violence. Renate Baumgartner is a sociologist and pharmacist. She currently works in the soci- ology of sexualities and sociology of science and technology. Her work on bisexu- ality has been published in Psychology of Sexualities Review. She was a lead author of the research corner in Robyn Ochs’ magazine Bisexual Women Quarterly. Renate has published in various fields, including pharmacology and medicine. She currently works as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Tübingen (Germany), where she is engaged in a project on discrimination and fairness in artificial intelligence in medicine. Global Gender The Global Gender series provides original research from across the human- ities and social sciences, casting light on a range of topics from international authors examining the diverse and shifting issues of gender and sexuality on the world stage. Utilising a range of approaches and interventions, these texts provide a lively and accessible resource for both scholars and upper level students from a wide array of fields, including Gender and Women’s Studies, Sociology, Politics, Communication, Cultural Studies and Literature. Nordic Gender Equality Policy in a Europeanisation Perspective Edited by Knut Dørum Gender- Based Violence in Latin American and Iberian Cinemas Edited by Rebeca Maseda García, María José Gámez Fuentes, and Barbara Zecchi Queering the Migrant in Contemporary European Cinema Edited by James S. Williams Bisexuality in Europe: Sexual Citizenship, Romantic Relationships, and Bi+ Identities Edited by Emiel Maliepaard and Renate Baumgartner Men in the American Women’s Rights Movement 1830– 1890: Cumbersome Allies Hélène Quanquin The Women’s International Democratic Federation, the Global South and the Cold War: Defending the Rights of Women of the ‘Whole World’? Yulia Gradskova Gender and Australian Celebrity Culture Edited by Anthea Taylor and Joanna McIntyre https:// www.routledge.com/ Global- Gender/ book- series/ RGG Bisexuality in Europe Sexual Citizenship, Romantic Relationships, and Bi+ Identities Edited by Emiel Maliepaard and Renate Baumgartner First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Emiel Maliepaard and Renate Baumgartner; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Emiel Maliepaard and Renate Baumgartner to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non Commercial- No Derivatives 4.0 licence. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data A catalogue record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978- 0- 367- 40922- 7 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 0- 367- 80988- 1 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Newgen Publishing UK Contents Acknowledgements ix 1 Bisexuality in Europe: Introduction to the field and this book 1 EMIEL MALIEPAARD AND RENATE BAUMGARTNER PART I Sexual citizenship 19 2 The untellable bisexual asylum stories 21 ZEYNAB PEYGHAMBARZADEH 3 The bisexual movement in the Netherlands: Developments and experiences of key bi activists since the 1990s 36 EMIEL MALIEPAARD 4 Monosexual church policies and plurisexual youth cultures 51 CAROL A. SHEPHERD 5 Bifeminist anti- monogamy and the politics of erotic autonomy 67 CHRISTIAN KLESSE PART II Romantic relationships 83 6 The becoming of family relationships and friendship circles after a bisexual breakup 85 ANNUKKA LAHTI viii Contents 7 Bisexual women and monogamy 100 SARAH JANE DALY 8 “I think that I’m not a relationship person”: Bisexual women’s accounts of (internalised) binegativity in non- monogamous relationship narratives 115 RENATE BAUMGARTNER 9 Plurisexualities and consensual non- monogamies: Challenging normativities in Italy 131 NICOLE BRAIDA PART III Bi+ identities 147 10 Forms of bisexual injustice: Bi, being, and becoming a knower 149 ROBIN ROSE BREETVELD 11 Bisexuality as an identity and a conceptual tool in sexual politics in Finland 163 JENNY KANGASVUO 12 The invisibility of bisexual and pansexual bodies: Sexuality, appearance norms, and visual identities 178 NIKKI HAYFIELD 13 Concluding remarks: Proposing future directions 192 RENATE BAUMGARTNER AND EMIEL MALIEPAARD List of contributors 205 Index 209 newgenprepdf Acknowledgements It was a great pleasure for us to edit this anthology on bisexuality in Europe. We really enjoyed working together on this book, which we think is well- needed to show the progress of bisexuality research and theorising in Europe, the challenges we are facing, and the potential of bisexuality theory and research for the wider social sciences. The idea of editing a book on bisexuality in Europe has been lingering in Emiel’s mind for quite some time and a couple of conversations with Renate (in Vienna, Manchester, and online) was just the start of a wonderful and exciting journey. We would like to thank all the authors for their inspirational contributions. Their work very much reflects the current state of research in Europe: We have done a lot and there is still a lot to do. Above all, we really appreciate the time, patience, and (above all) the trust of the contributors. We would also like to thank our proofreader Merl Storr for her amazing work and our additional anonymous reviewer for insightful comments on two of the contributions. Furthermore, we are really grateful for the help of Renate’s two wonderful student assistants, Lukas Haeberle and Manuela Schmidt, and the Center for Gender and Diversity Research (ZGD) of the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen for providing us with additional financial support. We are excited to publish this book with Routledge and would like to thank the editor and editorial assistant for their help during the process. Finally, as it took quite some time and energy to write and edit this book, Emiel would like to thank his partner and family for their continuous support throughout the process. Renate would like to thank her family and her queer family of choice for supporting her throughout her journey. 1 Bisexuality in Europe Introduction to the field and this book Emiel Maliepaard and Renate Baumgartner Introduction This anthology reflects the current state of research in Europe on bisexuality and people who desire more than one sex or gender. It makes work access- ible that is grounded in expertise beyond the Anglo- American world, which still dominates academia in general and the field of bisexuality research and theorising in particular (Monro, 2015; see