DOCSLIB.ORG

Overview of the Worldwide Best Practices for Rape Prevention and for Assisting Women Victims of Rape

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overview of the Worldwide Best Practices for Rape Prevention and for Assisting Women Victims of Rape DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS GENDER EQUALITY Overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape Study Abstract The study provides an overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape. It reviews the international literature and offers selected examples of promising practices. It addresses the comprehensive range of policies in the fields of gender equality; law and justice; economy, development and social inclusion; culture, education and media; and health. It presents a wide-ranging set of examples of best practice. It concludes with a series of recommendations, based on the social scientific evidence presented in the study. PE 493.025 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality. AUTHORS Sylvia Walby, UNESCO Chair in Gender Research, Sociology, Lancaster University, UK Philippa Olive, Sociology, Lancaster University Jude Towers, Sociology, Lancaster University Brian Francis, Professor of Social Statistics, Lancaster University Sofia Strid, Lecturer, Gender Studies and Political Science, Örebro University, Sweden Andrea Krizsán, Centre for Policy Studies, Central European University, Budapest Emanuela Lombardo, Political Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Corinne May-Chahal, Professor of Social Work, Lancaster University Suzanne Franzway, Professor, Sociology & Gender Studies, University of South Australia David Sugarman, Professor of Law, Lancaster University Bina Agarwal, Professor, University of Delhi and University of Manchester Contact: Sylvia Walby, Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT. E-mail: [email protected] RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Erika Schulze Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Bruxelles E-mail: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] European Parliament, manuscript completed in October 2013. © European Union, Brussels, 2013. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. 2 Overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape _________________________________________________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the following people for their help and contributions: Health case studies: Rachel Belk, Research Officer, St. Mary’s Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester. Jennifer Holly, Stella Project Mental Health Initiative Coordinator, AVA (Against Violence and Abuse), London. Jackie Patiniotis, reVision (formerly The Joint Forum), Liverpool, England. Bill Roberts, Locate Investigations Ltd. Bernie Ryan, Service Manager, St. Mary’s Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester. Dr. Kylee Trevillion, Visiting Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Section of Women’s Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London. Dr Cath White, Clinical Director, St. Mary’s Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester. Liz Willows, Specialist Mental Health Independent Sexual Violence Advisor, The Haven, Paddington Sexual Assault Referral Centre, London. Australia case study: Bec Neill Comprehensive rape crisis services case study: Bobbi Grange (SACT) and Michelle Barry (Southampton Rape Crisis Centre) Cyber-rape case study: Awais Rashid Mexican law case study: Deysi Cheyne, Ana de Mendoza, Ana María Moreno, Lorena Pajares, Guadalupe Portillo, Charo Rubio #talkaboutit case study: Gustav Almestad Commenting on the draft report: Liz Kelly (CWASU, London Metropolitan University) 3 Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs _________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .........................................................................12 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................15 LIST OF BOXES .........................................................................................15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................16 CASE STUDY EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE .............................................19 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................22 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................26 1.1 The purpose of the study ................................................................. 26 1.2 Policy developments in the European Union and in international bodies .. 26 1.3 Methodology .................................................................................. 27 1.4 Definition of rape ........................................................................... 27 1.4.1 Limitations of the definition of rape ........................................................ 30 1.5 Causes of rape ............................................................................... 30 1.6 Links between preventing rape and assisting the victims of rape ........... 31 1.7 Introduction to an integrated approach to prevent rape and to assist victims of rape ............................................................................... 32 1.8 Evaluating practices ........................................................................ 33 1.9 Criteria of best practice ................................................................... 34 1.10 Structure of the report .................................................................... 34 2 PLANNING AND COORDINATION .......................................................35 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 35 2.2 Strategic planning .......................................................................... 35 2.2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 UN Women 16 Steps ............................................................................ 36 2.2.3 Council of Europe ................................................................................ 36 2.2.4 European Union .................................................................................. 37 2.3 National plans of action................................................................... 37 2.4 Local coordination .......................................................................... 39 2.4.1 Advantages of coordination ................................................................... 40 2.4.2 Criteria for best practice for coordination ................................................ 40 2.4.3 Victims and women’s rights at the centre of interventions ......................... 41 2.5 Conclusions ................................................................................... 42 4 Overview of the worldwide best practices for rape prevention and for assisting women victims of rape _________________________________________________________________________ 3 SPECIALISED SERVICES FOR VICTIM-SURVIVORS ............................43 3.1 Comprehensive service provision ...................................................... 43 3.2 Centres......................................................................................... 44 3.2.1 Services offered by centres and shelters ................................................. 44 3.2.2 Transformative effects of centres ........................................................... 45 3.3 Conclusions ................................................................................... 46 4 HEALTH .............................................................................................47 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 47 4.2 Health consequences of sexual violence and rape ................................ 47 4.3 Establishing best practice in conflict and non-conflict zones .................. 48 4.3.1 Humanitarian Emergency situations ....................................................... 49 4.3.2 Health services for victims of rape in non-disaster zones ........................... 50 4.4 Capable and care conducive environment .......................................... 51 4.4.1 Situations of humanitarian emergencies ................................................. 51 4.4.2 Services for victims of rape in non-disaster zones .................................... 52 4.4.3 Best practice standards of capable and care conducive environments .......... 54 4.5 Health and medical care .................................................................. 55 4.5.1 Situations of humanitarian emergencies ................................................. 55 4.5.2 Services for victims of rape in non-disaster zones ...................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SDAI Phase 1 – Funded Projects
    SDAI Phase 1 – funded projects The health and wellbeing of grandparents caring for grandchildren: The role of cumulative advantage/disadvantage Dr Karen Glaser, King's College London Email: [email protected] Social connections and wellbeing in older adults Professor Andrew Steptoe, University College London Email: [email protected] Pensions, health and wellbeing of older people in developing countries: insights from the WHO SAGE survey Professor Peter Lloyd-Sherlock, University of East Anglia Email: [email protected] Disability and care needs in the older population: disability benefits, social care and wellbeing Professor Ruth Hancock, University of East Anglia Email: [email protected] Loneliness in later life: a longitudinal analysis using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Professor Christina Victor, Brunel University Email: [email protected] Alcohol consumption, life course transitions and health in later life Professor Clare Holdsworth, Keele University Email: [email protected] Sleep disturbances and mild cognitive impairment in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Dr Michelle Miller, University of Warwick Email: [email protected] Older people's experiences of dignity and nutrition during hospital stays: Secondary data analysis using the Adult Inpatient Survey Dr Polly Vizard, London School of Economics and Pol Science Email: [email protected] Flexible aging: new ways to measure and explore the diverse experience of population aging in Scotland, using the Scottish
    [Show full text]
  • Eliminating Violence Against Women
    ELIMINATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN PERSPECTIVES ON HONOR-RELATED VIOLENCE IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION, SULAIMANIYA GOVERNORATE By Tanyel B. Taysi With Contributions from Norul M. Rashid Martin Bohnstedt ASUDA & UNAMI HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE: ELIMINATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................3 I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................4 II. INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORKS .......................8 III. HONOR-RELATED VIOLENCE..................................................................................................14 IV. CONTEXTUAL OVERVIEW OF WOMEN’S POSITION IN IRAQI KURDISTAN ............................16 V. FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................................19 VI. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................41 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................43 APPENDIX.......................................................................................................................................48 Honor-related Violence in the Kurdistan Region Page 2 ASUDA & UNAMI HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE: ELIMINATING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FOREWORD Honor-related
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for the Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts
    Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Guidelines for the Forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts United Nations publication Printed in Austria ST/NAR/45 *1186331*V.11-86331—December 2011 —300 Photo credits: UNODC Photo Library, iStock.com/Abel Mitja Varela Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Guidelines for the forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 ST/NAR/45 © United Nations, December 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. List of abbreviations . v Acknowledgements .......................................... vii 1. Introduction............................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................ 1 1.2. Purpose and scope of the manual ...................... 2 2. Investigative and analytical challenges ....................... 5 3 Evidence collection ...................................... 9 3.1. Evidence collection kits .............................. 9 3.2. Sample transfer and storage........................... 10 3.3. Biological samples and sampling ...................... 11 3.4. Other samples ...................................... 12 4. Analytical considerations .................................. 13 4.1. Substances encountered in DFSA and other DFC cases .... 13 4.2. Procedures and analytical strategy...................... 14 4.3. Analytical methodology .............................. 15 4.4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Author(S): Christopher P
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Author(s): Christopher P. Krebs, Ph.D. ; Christine H. Lindquist, Ph.D. ; Tara D. Warner, M.A. ; Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D. ; Sandra L. Martin, Ph.D. Document No.: 221153 Date Received: December 2007 Award Number: 2004-WG-BX-0010 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. October 2007 The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Final Report NIJ Grant No. 2004-WG-BX-0010 Performance Period: January 2005 through December 2007 Prepared for National Institute of Justice 810 Seventh Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 Prepared by Christopher P. Krebs, Ph.D. Christine H. Lindquist, Ph.D. Tara D. Warner, M.A. RTI International 3040 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D. University of Cincinnati Sandra L.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and the Violence(S) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES in CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM and SOCIAL CHANGE
    Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict EMERALD STUDIES IN CRIMINOLOGY, FEMINISM AND SOCIAL CHANGE Series Editors Sandra Walklate, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia. Kate Fitz-Gibbon, School of Social Sciences at Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. Jude McCulloch, Monash University and Monash Gender and Family Violence Prevention Centre, Australia. JaneMaree Maher, Centre for Women’s Studies and Gender Research, Sociology, Monash University, Australia. Emerald Studies in Criminology, Feminism and Social Change offers a platform for innovative, engaged, and forward-looking feminist-informed work to explore the interconnections between social change and the capacity of criminology to grap- ple with the implications of such change. Social change, whether as a result of the movement of peoples, the impact of new technologies, the potential consequences of climate change, or more commonly identified features of changing societies, such as ageing populations, inter-genera- tional conflict, the changing nature of work, increasing awareness of the problem of gendered violence(s), and/or changing economic and political context, takes its toll across the globe in infinitely more nuanced and inter-connected ways than previously imagined. Each of these connections carry implications for what is understood as crime, the criminal, the victim of crime and the capacity of criminology as a disci- pline to make sense of these evolving interconnections. Feminist analysis, despite its contentious relationship with the discipline of criminology, has much to offer in strengthening the discipline to better understand the complexity of the world in the twenty-first century and to scan the horizon for emerging, possible or likely futures.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Drug/Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault
    Chapter 3 Drug/Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault “No drug, not even alcohol, causes the fundamental ills of society. If we’re looking for the source of our troubles, we shouldn’t test people for drugs, we should test them for stupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.” ~ P.J. O’Rourke (1947- ) American humorist & journalist OBJECTIVES FOR THIS CHAPTER . Increase awareness and knowledge about alcohol, drugs and sexual assault . Understand the link between alcohol and sexual assault . Know the appropriate actions to take if a drugging is suspected ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND SEXUAL ASSAULT: AN INTRODUCTION1, 2 “I woke up and I wasn’t in my bed. I had no idea how I had got there, or if I have been with someone. I wondered what had happened to me, and I wondered why I couldn’t remember…” Alcohol and drugs are often weapons used by perpetrators to facilitate sexual assault. With all the news about predatory drugs, we sometimes forget that alcohol is the most common drug associated with sexual assault. Since alcohol is cheap, readily and legally available, and common among adolescents and young adults, it is important to understand the connection between alcohol and sexual assault. Note: Alcohol does not cause sexual violence nor does it give an offender an excuse to commit a sex crime. 1 Quinn, Kathleen M. “Drugs and Sexual Assault: A Dangerous Mix.” Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault Fall 2002 Coalition Commentary (Fall 2002.) Web. 23 September 2010. 2Predatory Drugs: Don’t Let Your Guard Down. Saint Louis Park, MN: Bacchus & Gamma. 2002. Print.
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Status of Women in Taiwan: 1945-2010
    The Changing Status of Women in Taiwan: 1945-2010 by Mei-Lien Lu A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 7, 2012 Key words: women, status, Taiwan, culture, development, democratization Copyright 2012 by Mei-Lien Lu Approved by Cal Clark, Chair, Alumni Professor of Political Science, Director of the MPA Program Cynthia J. Bowling, Associate Professor of Political Science and Ph.D. Program Director Linda F. Dennard, Professor of Political Science at Auburn University-Montgomery Murray Jardine, Jane Dickerson Lanier Professor of Political Science Abstract This dissertation analyzes the economic, social, and political status of women in Taiwan from 1945 to 2010. This research was guided by a theoretical model of how the status of women worldwide is influenced by the extent of patriarchal culture, the level of economic development, and the degree of democratization. Hypotheses drawn from the theoretical model were tested by using data collected from 174 developing and developed nations. Overall, the statistical analysis found that patriarchal culture, economic development, and democratization exert fairly strong influences over some dimensions of women’s status but have little association with others. This implies that the nature of women’s status is complex and complicated because each nation has its own circumstances that are shaped by its historical background, traditional culture, geographic location, and so on. Therefore case studies of individual countries should provide valuable insights into the dynamics of women’s changing status in the contemporary world. This dissertation presents such a case study that analyzes the status of Taiwanese women in terms of social conditions, human and social capital, economic activities, and political participation and power.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquaintance Rape Is a Sexual Assault Crime Committed by Someone Who Knows the Victim
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. ~ ___________________________________ -L~~D WHEN THE RAPIST IS SOMEONE YOU KNOW 146610 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Natlonallnstilute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the copyright owner. • Published by the Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault Updated 1993 "I " , illinoiS Coalillon Agaiml Sexual Assault (J123 South Seventh Streel, Swto 500 Sprlngfiald. IL 62701-1302 (217) 753-41~7 TERMS Victim - The words "victim" and "survivor" are both commonly used to describe a person who is raped. In this booklet, the word "victim" is used, as it is more often associated with a person who • was recently assaulted. Attacker - In this booklet, the person who raped the victim is referred to as the "attacker." "She" - In this booklet, the sexual assault victim is referred to as "she" because women are most commonly the victims of sexual assault. Men are also sexual assault victims, and this booklet is for both male and female victims. Sexual Assault and Rape - The terms "sexual assault" and "rape" are used interchangeably in this booklet. Photos by Ginny Lee ILLINOIS CRlMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION AUTHORITY Funding for the printing of this booklet was provided through the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 by the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Date Rape Drugs in Sexual Assaults: a Threat to Indian Society
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 07, 2020 Date Rape Drugs in Sexual Assaults: A Threat to Indian Society Gaurav Singh1, Pratik Singh2, Piyush Jyoti3 1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Forensic Science & Toxicology Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 2,3Students of M.Sc. Forensic Science, Department of Forensic Science & Toxicology Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab Email: [email protected] Abstract: The increasing cases of sexual assaults and rape worldwide have made it very challenging for the various nations to deal with it. We are witnessing a huge technological advancement all over the seas. But so far, we have not been able to find any proper solution to deal with these types of crimes. If we talk about India, one of the fastest growing crimes are rape and sexual crimes of women and children. Rape is prevalent in both rural as well as urban areas, and now the cases of sexual assaults are being increasing in the group of high class and literate people. One of the major reasons for that is the increasing drug and alcohol abuse, which have a direct relation with increasing cases of sexual assault cases in the nation. About 70% of the sexual assault cases in India are reported which is committed while the Accused, victim or both are under the intoxication of some kind of drug or alcohol. The use of one such drug called the ‘Date Rape Drugs’ is becoming very prevalent in India. These drugs are used for exploiting the victim for the drug facilitated sexual intercourse.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquaintance Rape
    Acquaintance Rape Information for Parents and Caregivers What is acquaintance rape? Acquaintance rape is when somebody a teen knows—a boyfriend or girlfriend, a friend, a classmate, or even someone they just met—uses coercion (including drugs or alcohol), violence, or threats to force unwanted oral, vaginal, or anal sex. When this happens in a dating relationship, it is commonly known as “date rape.” How common is acquaintance rape? As many as one in four Unfortunately, acquaintance rape is very common. In some young women reported surveys, as many as one in four young women reported being being verbally or verbally or physically pressured into having sex during the past physically pressured year,1 while one in 10 high school girls—and one in 20 boys— reported being forced into sex at some point in their lives.2 into having sex during More than one third of acquaintance rape victims are between the past year. the ages of 14 and 17.3 How can I help protect my teen from acquaintance rape? Although the blame for rape always lies with the rapist, there are some factors that can increase a teen’s risk of acquaintance rape. These include:1, 4-7 ■ Frequently drinking to the point of being drunk or unable to resist sexual advances ■ Using recreational drugs that impair judgment or make it difficult to resist sexual advances ■ Outdated beliefs about sexual roles, such as thinking that someone who pays for a date has the right to expect sex ■ Prior history of rape or sexual victimization Parents can help teens stay safe by giving them the information and Books That Can Help support they need to make smart choices and avoid risky situations.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeting of Women in Conflict a Global Issue That Demands Action
    FEMICIDE TARGETING OF WOMEN IN CONFLICT A GLOBAL ISSUE THAT DEMANDS ACTION VOLUME III “Conflict-related sexual violence is an issue of pressing importance. This grave human rights abuse is as destructive as any bomb or bullet. It inflicts unimaginable suffering on women and men, girls and boys. It destroys families and communities and tears the social fabric of nations. […] Prevention is our collective responsibility.” Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations The Thailand Institute of Justice’s (TIJ) mission is to promote the culture of justice, the rule of law and human rights in the administration of justice within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) community and beyond. Under its mandate, TIJ undertakes research, capacity building and regional and international cooperation in the areas of crime and justice, and gears towards important cross-cutting issues on the UN agenda such as the rule of law, development, human rights, peace and security. One of TIJ’s primary objectives is to support the implementation of United Nations standards and norms in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice. The promotion and protection of human rights of vulnerable groups, especially women and children, in the criminal justice system is one of TIJ’s priorities. The sub-themes under this issue include child justice, women’s corrections and the implementation of the Bangkok Rules, gender justice, particularly violence against women and femicide. With regard to femicide, TIJ has attached great importance to this global issue and organized a number of activities related to this. One of them was a high-level panel discussion entitled ‘Taking Action against the Gender-related Killings of Women and Girls,’ which TIJ co-hosted together with the Permanent Missions of Thailand, Argentina and Austria and the Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) in New York on 18 October 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquaintance and Marital Rape Juror Decision Making in Acquaintance
    Acquaintance and marital rape Juror decision making in acquaintance and marital rape: The influence of clothing, alcohol and pre-existing stereotypical attitudes Kirsty Osborn, 1 Josh P Davis, 1 Susan Button, 2 & John Foster 1 1 Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling, University of Greenwich, London UK 2 Adult Nursing and Paramedic Practice, University of Greenwich, London, UK Correspondence should be directed to: Dr Josh P Davis Reader in Applied Psychology Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling University of Greenwich London, UK, [email protected] The authors would like to thank Luiza-Diandra Bretfelean, Hava Sokoli, Donata Andriuskeviciute, and Monika Durova for help with data collection, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This research was partly funded by an internal University of Greenwich Research Excellence Framework Grant (2015-2016) awarded to the second, third and fourth authors. Both experiments received University of Greenwich, Department of Psychology and Counselling Research Ethics Panel ethical approval. Keywords: Juries, marital rape; acquaintance rape; victim clothing; rape myths. 1 Acquaintance and marital rape Abstract Stereotypical biases about women’s roles in intimate relationships including their marital status and lifestyle choices such as clothing and alcohol use influence juror attributions of rape case defendant guilt, potentially reducing access to justice for victims. Across two mock-juror decision making experiments, participants read identical fictitious sexual assault vignettes varying in intoxicated defendant-complainant relationship (married vs. acquaintance), accompanied by photographs of complainant clothing at the crime (body revealing vs. plain) and in court (smart vs.
    [Show full text]