CERN Courier April 2014 Viewpoint Cividec Instrumentation

CERN Courier April 2014 Viewpoint cividec Instrumentation

CIVIDEC Instrumentation is a R&D company born from the cutting-edge technology of CERN. We specialise in turn-key The 1980s: spurring collaboration solutions for beam diagnostics based on CVD diamond technology.

Herwig Schopper recalls a transferred to new assignments. Another element of “anti-growth” had decade of growth at CERN. long-term consequences. council was Diamond Detectors convinced that the scientifi c programme was fi rst class, but had doubts about the effi ciency of management. An evaluation committee The 1980s were characterized was established to assess the human and by two outstanding material resources, with a view to reducing achievements that were to the cern budget. in the end, the committee infl uence the long-term declined to consider a lower material future of cern. First came the discovery budget because this would undoubtedly of the W and Z particles, the carriers of the jeopardize the excellent scientifi c record of weak force, produced in proton–antiproton Herwig Schopper in 1982: with LEP a “new cern. They proposed instead a reduction collisions at the Super Proton Synchrotron ‘sociology’ for international scientifi c of staff from about 3500 to 2500, through (SPS) and detected by the UA1 and UA2 co-operation was born”. (Image credit: an early retirement programme, and during experiments. These were the fi rst, now-typical CERN-PHOTO-8205525.) the construction of the LHc this was even collider experiments, covering the full lowered to 2000. However, to cope with solid angle and requiring large groups the time with Israel and Turkey failed, for the increasing tasks and the rising number of collaborators from many countries. different reasons. of outside users, many activities had to be The production of a suffi cient number of But the 1980s also saw “anti-growth”. outsourced, so considerable reduction of the antiprotons and their handling in the SPS Previously, cern had received special budget was not achieved. underlaid these successes, which were allocations to the budget for each new Yet despite these limiting conditions, Beam Loss Monitors crowned by the nobel Prize awarded to carlo project, leading to a peak around 1974 LeP was built within the foreseen time Our beam loss monitors provide bunch-by-bunch loss information with 1 ns time resolution. Single particles can be re- Rubbia and Simon van der Meer in 1984. and declining afterwards. When LeP was and budget, thanks to the motivation and Then came the construction and proposed in 1981, the budget was 629 million ingenuity of the cern staff. First collisions solved as well as 1E9 particles per bunch. The diamond detectors and the front-end electronics are radiation resistant. commissioning of the Large electron– Swiss francs. After long and painful were observed on 13 August 1989. Positron (LEP) collider. With its 27 km discussions, council approved a constant The theme of cern’s 60th anniversary Alpha-Spectroscopy yearly budget of 617 million Swiss francs for is “science for peace” – from its foundation, tunnel, it is still the largest collider of We provide state-of-the-art solutions for alpha-spectroscopy and use them for neutron detection as Helium-3 replacement. this kind ever built. Four experiments the construction of LeP, under the condition CERN had the task not only to promote were approved – ALePH, DeLPHi, L3 that any increase – including automatic science but also peace. This was emphasized and oPAL – representing again a new compensation for infl ation – across the at a ceremony for the 30th anniversary Fast Neutron Monitoring step in international co-operation. More construction period of eight years was in 1984, by the American physicist and Our diamond detectors are proven to operate at cryogenic as well as high temperatures for the detection of fast neutrons. than 2000 physicists and engineers from excluded. The unavoidable consequence of co-founder of cern, isidor rabi: “i hope that 12 member states and 22 non-member states these thorny conditions was the termination the scientists of CERN will remember…[they Electronics participated in the experiments. Moreover, of many non-LEP programmes (e.g. are] as guardians of this fl ame of European most of the funding of several hundred the intersecting Storage rings and the unity so that europe can help preserve the We provide Broadband Current Amplifiers with 2 GHz analogue bandwidth, a noise figure of 3.5 dB and a gain of 20 dB or 40 dB, million Swiss francs had to come from bubble-chamber programme) and a “stripped peace of the world.” Indeed during the 1980s, Fast Charge Amplifiers with a gain of 4 mV/fC, a Gaussian pulse shape with 10 ns FWHM and 1000 electrons noise, and outside the organization. cern contributed down” LEP project. The circumference CERN continued to fulfi l this obligation, the famous Spectroscopic Shaping Amplifiers with a gain of 8 mV/fC, a Gaussian pulse shape with 180 ns FWHM and only about 10% and had practically no of the tunnel had to be reduced, but was with many examples such as co-operation reserves in case of fi nancial overruns. maintained at 27 km in view of a possible with East European countries (in particular (300 + 40/pF) electrons noise. Therefore the collaborations had to achieve proton–proton collider in the same tunnel – via Jinr, Dubna) and with countries from a certain independence, and had to learn which indeed proved to be a valuable asset. the Far East (physicists from Mainland China Readout Systems to accept common responsibilities. A new A precondition to building LeP with and Taiwan were allowed to work together Our digital readout system ROSY® uses a 5 GS/s ADC with 8 bit resolution, a FPGA-driven real-time processing unit “sociology” for international scientifi c decreasing resources was the unifi cation in the same experiment, L3, on LeP). Later, co-operation was born, which later became a of cern. cern ii had been established cern became the cradle of SeSAMe, an and an embedded Linux server with Ethernet connection. model for the LHc experiments. in 1971 for construction of the SPS, international laboratory in the Middle east. A result of the worldwide attraction of with its own director-general, staff and unavoidably, cern’s growth into a world LEP was that from 1987 onwards, more US management. From 1981, CERN was united laboratory is changing how it functions at all physicists worked at CERN than particle under one director-general, but staff tended levels. However, we can be confi dent that it physicists from cern member states at to adhere to their old groups, showing will perform its tasks in the future with the uS laboratories. in europe, two more states solidarity with their previous superiors and same enthusiasm, dedication and effi ciency WE PIONEER CuSTOMIzED SOLuTIONS joined CERN: Spain, which had left CERN colleagues. However, for the construction as in the past. in 1968, came back in 1983, and Portugal of LeP, all of cern’s resources had to ● Herwig Schopper, CERN director-general, joined in 1985. However, negotiations at be mobilized, and about 1000 staff were 1981–1988. CIVIDEC Instrumentation GmbH | Vienna

Untitled-1 1 13/03/2014 10:04 cerncourier www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier April 2014 Viewpoint cividec Instrumentation

Untitled-1 1 13/03/2014 10:04 cerncourier www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4

CAEN Electronic Instrumentation I nternatIonal J o u r n a l o f H I g H - e n e r g y P H y s I c s

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V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4 Available in three form factors: VME, NIM, Desktop

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• Pulse Height Analysis

image ©: https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/ShowDocument?docid=12101 - Author: Michael Hoch Hoch Michael Author: - https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/ShowDocument?docid=12101 ©: image • Pulse Shape Discrimination

• Zero Length Encoding

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CCApr14-Cover.inddUntitled-2 1 1 07/03/201412/03/2014 13:3415:28 cerncourier www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4

CAEN Electronic Instrumentation I nternatIonal J o u r n a l o f H I g H - e n e r g y P H y s I c s

Multichannel Waveform Digitizers The 730 Family 8/16 Ch. 14-bit 500 MS/s CERNCOURIER

V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4 Available in three form factors: VME, NIM, Desktop

On Line Digital Pulse Processing (DPP)

• Pulse Height Analysis

• Zero Length Encoding

NEW software

CAEN Multi-Board CAEN Oscilloscope Tool Tools for Discovery 730 Digit Family web page >>> Small details… Great differences

www.caen.it

CCApr14-Cover.inddUntitled-2 1 1 07/03/201412/03/2014 13:3415:28 cerncourier www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier December 2012 Contents

Covering current developments in high-energy physics and related ﬁ elds worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories afﬁ liated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN cerncourier management.

Editor Christine Sutton V o l u m e 5 2 N u m b e r 1 0 D e C e m b e r 2 0 1 2 News editor Kate Kahle Editorial assistant Carolyn Lee CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] 5 N E W s Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web cerncourier.com • De-squeezed beams for ALFA and TOTEM • The Republic of Cyprus becomes CERN associate member state First results from Advisory board Luis Álvarez-Gaumé, James Gillies, Horst Wenninger • proton–lead colliding beams Measurement of photons stimulates Laboratory correspondents: • Argonne National Laboratory (US) Cosmas Zachos quest for QGP temperature Leptons on the trail of the unexpected Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin • Cornell University (US) D G Cassel CMS homes in on the heaviest quark LHCb reports fi rst 5σ DESY Laboratory (Germany) Till Mundzeck • • EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini observation of charm mixing • XMM-Newton discovers new Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino source of cosmic rays RIKEN gets clear view of element 113 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Katie Yurkewicz • Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter 10 CiENCEWatCh IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu s IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov INFN (Italy) Romeo Bassoli Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen 11 a s t r O W a t C h JINR Dubna (Russia) B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan) Youhei Morita Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US) Spencer Klein 12 a r C h i v E Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) Rajan Gupta NCSL (US) Ken Kingery Nikhef (Netherlands) Paul de Jong F E a t u r E s Novosibirsk Institute (Russia) S Eidelman Orsay Laboratory (France) Anne-Marie Lutz 15 One CP-violating phase, three beautiful results PSI Laboratory (Switzerland) P-R Kettle Saclay Laboratory (France) Elisabeth Locci Three experiments converge in their quest to measure γ. Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) Julia Maddock SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Farnaz Khadem TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada) Marcello Pavan 19 ENLIGHT: catalysing hadron therapy in Europe

Produced for CERN by IOP Publishing Ltd As a pioneering multidisciplinary IOP Publishing Ltd, Temple Circus, Temple Way, network celebrates its 10th anniversary, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK Tel +44 (0)117 929 7481 some of the founders recall how it all

Publisher Susan Curtis started. Production editor Jesse Karjalainen Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Group advertising manager Chris Thomas 22 The three lives of DORIS: from charm quarks to cell biology Advertisement production Katie Graham DESY’s pioneering and productive ring retires. Marketing & Circulation Angela Gage Head of B2B & Marketing Jo Allen 25 Accelerators, light sources and all that jazz Art director Andrew Giaquinto A report from IPAC’12 held in New Orleans. Advertising Tel +44 (0)117 930 1026 (for UK/Europe display advertising) or +44 (0)117 930 1164 (for recruitment advertising); 28 F ACES &P LACES E-mail: [email protected]; fax +44 (0)117 930 1178

General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 33 ECRUITMENT E-mail: [email protected] R In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 37 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: desypr@desy.de 41 I NSIDE S TORY Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, I NTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L O F H I G H - E N E R G Y P H Y S I C S St Charles, IL 60174, US cerncourier

V O L U M E 5 2 N U M B E R 1 0 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 2 Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Tel +41 (0) 22 767 61 11. Telefax +41 (0) 22 767 65 55

Printed by Warners (Midlands) plc, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK DORIS: from charm The DORIS machine at DESY retires this year after a long career © 2012 CERN ISSN 0304-288X On the cover : to cell biology that went from particle physics to becoming a synchrotron light source, supplying experiments at HASYLAB, a dedicated laboratory on the DESY site. The image IPAC’12 CERN ENLIGHT Accelerator people Art and science: shows the Laue diffraction pattern of an enzyme called catalase, which splits get together in strange collisions NETWORK New Orleans in the library Catalysing European p25 p32 hadron therapy p19 hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. (Image Credit: Max Plank Society.)

CERN Courier December 2012 Contents

General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 33 ECRUITMENT E-mail: [email protected] R In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 37 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 41 I NSIDE S TORY Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, I NTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L O F H I G H - E N E R G Y P H Y S I C S St Charles, IL 60174, US cerncourier

CERN Courier December 2012 Contents

General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 33 ECRUITMENT E-mail: [email protected] R In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 37 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 41 I NSIDE S TORY Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, I NTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L O F H I G H - E N E R G Y P H Y S I C S St Charles, IL 60174, US cerncourier

cerncourier V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4 Contents 5 N ew s 15 A r c h i v e 31 Advanced radiation detectors in industry • LS1: on the home straight • Tevatron experiments find missing The EPS-TIG meeting looked at applications ranging from medicine piece in top-quark puzzle CDMS puts new constraints on dark- F e a t u r e s to materials science. • 16 The Future Circular Collider study matter particles • Beauty-quark decays reveal photon polarization 35 F a ce s &P l a ce s • First observation of Z-boson production via weak-boson fusion • Options for an energy-frontier collider in the post-LHC era. Heavy stable charged particles: an exotic window to new physics • 19 ICTR-PHE: uniting physics, medicine and biology 43 R ec r u i t men t New results mark progress towards polarized ion beams in laser- A conference to discuss advanced techniques to fight cancer. induced acceleration • NOvA experiment sees its first long-distance 47 B oo k s h elf neutrinos New precision reached on electron mass 23 Neutrinos and nucleons • 50 V i ewpo i n t A look back at measurements that helped to reveal quarks. 11 S c i encew a t c h 26 MINERvA searches for wisdom among neutrinos 13 s t r ow a t c h A Precise measurements of cross-sections continue a rich history of neutrino physics at Fermilab. cerncourier www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier December 2012 Contents

General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 33 ECRUITMENT E-mail: [email protected] R In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 37 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 41 I NSIDE S TORY Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, I NTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L O F H I G H - E N E R G Y P H Y S I C S St Charles, IL 60174, US cerncourier

CERN Courier December 2012 Contents

General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 33 ECRUITMENT E-mail: [email protected] R In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 37 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 41 I NSIDE S TORY Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, I NTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L O F H I G H - E N E R G Y P H Y S I C S St Charles, IL 60174, US cerncourier

CERN Courier December 2012 Contents

General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 33 ECRUITMENT E-mail: [email protected] R In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 37 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 41 I NSIDE S TORY Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, I NTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L O F H I G H - E N E R G Y P H Y S I C S St Charles, IL 60174, US cerncourier

Multichannel Waveform Digitizers The 730 Family 8/16 Ch. 14-bit 500 MS/s CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 4 N UMBER 3 A PRIL 2 0 1 4 CERNAvailable Courierin three form – factors: digital VME, edition NIM, Desktop Welcome to the digital edition of the April 2014 issue of CERN Courier.

It is 60 years since a proton beam was first used to treat cancer at the Berkeley Physics in health On Linecyclotron. Digital Since Pulse then, research Processing has spread (DPP) to other countries and other beams, notably carbon ions. In February, experts at the ICTR-PHE 2014 conference and industry in Geneva discussed current progress in using these and other techniques • Pulsederived Height from nuclear Analysis and particle physics in the service of medicine. It is 80 years since two theoretical physicists first calculated the neutrino cross-section and concluded that “there is no practically possible way of image ©: https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/ShowDocument?docid=12101 - Author: Michael Hoch Hoch Michael Author: - https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/ShowDocument?docid=12101 ©: image • Pulseobserving Shape neutrinos”. Discrimination Forty years later, measurements of neutrinos by the Gargamelle team at CERN helped to reveal the quark structure of matter. Now, another 40 years later, the MINERvA experiment at Fermilab continues • Zeroa long Length tradition Encoding at the two labs in studying neutrinos.

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CAEN Multi-Board FERMILAB CERN CAEN Oscilloscope Tool THE FCC Tools for Discovery MINERvA: a new Collaboration 730 Digit Family web page >>> Small details… Great differences step for neutrino and growth in STUDY EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN cross-sections the 1980s Towards a future www.caen.itDIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p26 p50 circular collider p16

Untitled-2 1 07/03/2014 13:34 CCApr14-Cover.indd 2 13/03/2014 17:57 cerncourier www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 4