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CERN Courier April 2014 Viewpoint Cividec Instrumentation CERN Courier April 2014 Viewpoint cividec Instrumentation CIVIDEC Instrumentation is a R&D company born from the cutting-edge technology of CERN. We specialise in turn-key The 1980s: spurring collaboration solutions for beam diagnostics based on CVD diamond technology. Herwig Schopper recalls a transferred to new assignments. Another element of “anti-growth” had decade of growth at CERN. long-term consequences. Council was Diamond Detectors convinced that the scientifi c programme was fi rst class, but had doubts about the effi ciency of management. An evaluation committee The 1980s were characterized was established to assess the human and by two outstanding material resources, with a view to reducing achievements that were to the CERN budget. In the end, the committee infl uence the long-term declined to consider a lower material future of CERN. First came the discovery budget because this would undoubtedly of the W and Z particles, the carriers of the jeopardize the excellent scientifi c record of weak force, produced in proton–antiproton Herwig Schopper in 1982: with LEP a “new CERN. They proposed instead a reduction collisions at the Super Proton Synchrotron ‘sociology’ for international scientifi c of staff from about 3500 to 2500, through (SPS) and detected by the UA1 and UA2 co-operation was born”. (Image credit: an early retirement programme, and during experiments. These were the fi rst, now-typical CERN-PHOTO-8205525.) the construction of the LHC this was even collider experiments, covering the full lowered to 2000. However, to cope with solid angle and requiring large groups the time with Israel and Turkey failed, for the increasing tasks and the rising number of collaborators from many countries. different reasons. of outside users, many activities had to be The production of a suffi cient number of But the 1980s also saw “anti-growth”. outsourced, so considerable reduction of the antiprotons and their handling in the SPS Previously, CERN had received special budget was not achieved. underlaid these successes, which were allocations to the budget for each new Yet despite these limiting conditions, Beam Loss Monitors crowned by the Nobel Prize awarded to Carlo project, leading to a peak around 1974 LEP was built within the foreseen time Our beam loss monitors provide bunch-by-bunch loss information with 1 ns time resolution. Single particles can be re- Rubbia and Simon van der Meer in 1984. and declining afterwards. When LEP was and budget, thanks to the motivation and Then came the construction and proposed in 1981, the budget was 629 million ingenuity of the CERN staff. First collisions solved as well as 1E9 particles per bunch. The diamond detectors and the front-end electronics are radiation resistant. commissioning of the Large Electron– Swiss francs. After long and painful were observed on 13 August 1989. Positron (LEP) collider. With its 27 km discussions, Council approved a constant The theme of CERN’s 60th anniversary Alpha-Spectroscopy yearly budget of 617 million Swiss francs for is “science for peace” – from its foundation, tunnel, it is still the largest collider of We provide state-of-the-art solutions for alpha-spectroscopy and use them for neutron detection as Helium-3 replacement. this kind ever built. Four experiments the construction of LEP, under the condition CERN had the task not only to promote were approved – ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 that any increase – including automatic science but also peace. This was emphasized and OPAL – representing again a new compensation for infl ation – across the at a ceremony for the 30th anniversary Fast Neutron Monitoring step in international co-operation. More construction period of eight years was in 1984, by the American physicist and Our diamond detectors are proven to operate at cryogenic as well as high temperatures for the detection of fast neutrons. than 2000 physicists and engineers from excluded. The unavoidable consequence of co-founder of CERN, Isidor Rabi: “I hope that 12 member states and 22 non-member states these thorny conditions was the termination the scientists of CERN will remember…[they Electronics participated in the experiments. Moreover, of many non-LEP programmes (e.g. are] as guardians of this fl ame of European most of the funding of several hundred the Intersecting Storage Rings and the unity so that Europe can help preserve the We provide Broadband Current Amplifiers with 2 GHz analogue bandwidth, a noise figure of 3.5 dB and a gain of 20 dB or 40 dB, million Swiss francs had to come from bubble-chamber programme) and a “stripped peace of the world.” Indeed during the 1980s, Fast Charge Amplifiers with a gain of 4 mV/fC, a Gaussian pulse shape with 10 ns FWHM and 1000 electrons noise, and outside the organization. CERN contributed down” LEP project. The circumference CERN continued to fulfi l this obligation, the famous Spectroscopic Shaping Amplifiers with a gain of 8 mV/fC, a Gaussian pulse shape with 180 ns FWHM and only about 10% and had practically no of the tunnel had to be reduced, but was with many examples such as co-operation reserves in case of fi nancial overruns. maintained at 27 km in view of a possible with East European countries (in particular (300 + 40/pF) electrons noise. Therefore the collaborations had to achieve proton–proton collider in the same tunnel – via JINR, Dubna) and with countries from a certain independence, and had to learn which indeed proved to be a valuable asset. the Far East (physicists from Mainland China Readout Systems to accept common responsibilities. A new A precondition to building LEP with and Taiwan were allowed to work together Our digital readout system ROSY® uses a 5 GS/s ADC with 8 bit resolution, a FPGA-driven real-time processing unit “sociology” for international scientifi c decreasing resources was the unifi cation in the same experiment, L3, on LEP). Later, co-operation was born, which later became a of CERN. CERN II had been established CERN became the cradle of SESAME, an and an embedded Linux server with Ethernet connection. model for the LHC experiments. in 1971 for construction of the SPS, international laboratory in the Middle East. A result of the worldwide attraction of with its own director-general, staff and Unavoidably, CERN’s growth into a world LEP was that from 1987 onwards, more US management. From 1981, CERN was united laboratory is changing how it functions at all physicists worked at CERN than particle under one director-general, but staff tended levels. However, we can be confi dent that it physicists from CERN member states at to adhere to their old groups, showing will perform its tasks in the future with the US laboratories. In Europe, two more states solidarity with their previous superiors and same enthusiasm, dedication and effi ciency WE PIONEER CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS joined CERN: Spain, which had left CERN colleagues. However, for the construction as in the past. in 1968, came back in 1983, and Portugal of LEP, all of CERN’s resources had to ● Herwig Schopper, CERN director-general, joined in 1985. However, negotiations at be mobilized, and about 1000 staff were 1981–1988. CIVIDEC Instrumentation GmbH | Vienna 50 Schottengasse 3A/1/41 | A-1010 Vienna, Austria | phone: +43 1 9229307 | contact: [email protected] | www.cividec.at | Untitled-1 1 13/03/2014 10:04 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 4 N UMBER 3 A PRIL 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier April 2014 Viewpoint cividec Instrumentation CIVIDEC Instrumentation is a R&D company born from the cutting-edge technology of CERN. We specialise in turn-key The 1980s: spurring collaboration solutions for beam diagnostics based on CVD diamond technology. Herwig Schopper recalls a transferred to new assignments. Another element of “anti-growth” had decade of growth at CERN. long-term consequences. Council was Diamond Detectors convinced that the scientifi c programme was fi rst class, but had doubts about the effi ciency of management. An evaluation committee The 1980s were characterized was established to assess the human and by two outstanding material resources, with a view to reducing achievements that were to the CERN budget. In the end, the committee infl uence the long-term declined to consider a lower material future of CERN. First came the discovery budget because this would undoubtedly of the W and Z particles, the carriers of the jeopardize the excellent scientifi c record of weak force, produced in proton–antiproton Herwig Schopper in 1982: with LEP a “new CERN. They proposed instead a reduction collisions at the Super Proton Synchrotron ‘sociology’ for international scientifi c of staff from about 3500 to 2500, through (SPS) and detected by the UA1 and UA2 co-operation was born”. (Image credit: an early retirement programme, and during experiments. These were the fi rst, now-typical CERN-PHOTO-8205525.) the construction of the LHC this was even collider experiments, covering the full lowered to 2000. However, to cope with solid angle and requiring large groups the time with Israel and Turkey failed, for the increasing tasks and the rising number of collaborators from many countries. different reasons. of outside users, many activities had to be The production of a suffi cient number of But the 1980s also saw “anti-growth”. outsourced, so considerable reduction of the antiprotons and their handling in the SPS Previously, CERN had received special budget was not achieved. underlaid these successes, which were allocations to the budget for each new Yet despite these limiting conditions, Beam Loss Monitors crowned by the Nobel Prize awarded to Carlo project, leading to a peak around 1974 LEP was built within the foreseen time Our beam loss monitors provide bunch-by-bunch loss information with 1 ns time resolution.
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