A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion, by Epictetus
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Citations in Classics and Ancient History
Citations in Classics and Ancient History The most common style in use in the field of Classical Studies is the author-date style, also known as Chicago 2, but MLA is also quite common and perfectly acceptable. Quick guides for each of MLA and Chicago 2 are readily available as PDF downloads. The Chicago Manual of Style Online offers a guide on their web-page: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html The Modern Language Association (MLA) does not, but many educational institutions post an MLA guide for free access. While a specific citation style should be followed carefully, none take into account the specific practices of Classical Studies. They are all (Chicago, MLA and others) perfectly suitable for citing most resources, but should not be followed for citing ancient Greek and Latin primary source material, including primary sources in translation. Citing Primary Sources: Every ancient text has its own unique system for locating content by numbers. For example, Homer's Iliad is divided into 24 Books (what we might now call chapters) and the lines of each Book are numbered from line 1. Herodotus' Histories is divided into nine Books and each of these Books is divided into Chapters and each chapter into line numbers. The purpose of such a system is that the Iliad, or any primary source, can be cited in any language and from any publication and always refer to the same passage. That is why we do not cite Herodotus page 66. Page 66 in what publication, in what edition? Very early in your textbook, Apodexis Historia, a passage from Herodotus is reproduced. -
The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
The meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Originally translated by Meric Casaubon About this edition Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Emperor of Rome from 161 to his death, the last of the “Five Good Emperors.” He was nephew, son-in-law, and adoptive son of Antonius Pius. Marcus Aurelius was one of the most important Stoic philosophers, cited by H.P. Blavatsky amongst famous classic sages and writers such as Plato, Eu- ripides, Socrates, Aristophanes, Pindar, Plutarch, Isocrates, Diodorus, Cicero, and Epictetus.1 This edition was originally translated out of the Greek by Meric Casaubon in 1634 as “The Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius,” with an Introduction by W.H.D. Rouse. It was subsequently edited by Ernest Rhys. London: J.M. Dent & Co; New York: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1906; Everyman’s Library. 1 Cf. Blavatsky Collected Writings, (THE ORIGIN OF THE MYSTERIES) XIV p. 257 Marcus Aurelius' Meditations - tr. Casaubon v. 8.16, uploaded to www.philaletheians.co.uk, 14 July 2013 Page 1 of 128 LIVING THE LIFE SERIES MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS Chief English translations of Marcus Aurelius Meric Casaubon, 1634; Jeremy Collier, 1701; James Thomson, 1747; R. Graves, 1792; H. McCormac, 1844; George Long, 1862; G.H. Rendall, 1898; and J. Jackson, 1906. Renan’s “Marc-Aurèle” — in his “History of the Origins of Christianity,” which ap- peared in 1882 — is the most vital and original book to be had relating to the time of Marcus Aurelius. Pater’s “Marius the Epicurean” forms another outside commentary, which is of service in the imaginative attempt to create again the period.2 Contents Introduction 3 THE FIRST BOOK 12 THE SECOND BOOK 19 THE THIRD BOOK 23 THE FOURTH BOOK 29 THE FIFTH BOOK 38 THE SIXTH BOOK 47 THE SEVENTH BOOK 57 THE EIGHTH BOOK 67 THE NINTH BOOK 77 THE TENTH BOOK 86 THE ELEVENTH BOOK 96 THE TWELFTH BOOK 104 Appendix 110 Notes 122 Glossary 123 A parting thought 128 2 [Brought forward from p. -
Humanism and Neo-Stoicism." War and Peace in the Western Political Imagination: from Classical Antiquity to the Age of Reason
Manning, Roger B. "Humanism and Neo-Stoicism." War and Peace in the Western Political Imagination: From Classical Antiquity to the Age of Reason. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. 181–214. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 26 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474258739.ch-004>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 26 September 2021, 04:18 UTC. Copyright © Roger B. Manning 2016. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 4 H u m a n i s m a n d N e o - S t o i c i s m No state . can support itself without an army. Niccolò Macchiavelli, Th e Art of War , trans. Ellis Farneworth (Indianapolis, IN : Bobbs-Merrill, 1965; rpr. New York: Da Capo, 1990), bk. 1, p. 30 Rash princes, until such times as they have been well beaten in the wars, will always have little regard for peace. Antonio Guevara, Bishop of Guadix, Th e Diall of Princes , trans. Th omas North (London: John Waylande, 1557; rpr. Amsterdam: Th eatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1968), fo. 174v Th e Humanist response to the perpetual problems of war and peace divided into the polarities of a martial ethos and an irenic or peace- loving culture. Th ese opposing cultures were linked to an obsession with fame or reputation, honor, and the military legacy of ancient Greece and Rome on the one hand, and on the other, a concern with human dignity, freedom, and a stricter application of Christian morality. -
No One Errs Willingly: the Meaning of Socratic Intellectualism
Created on 21 September 2000 at 13.38 hours page 1 NO ONE ERRS WILLINGLY: THE MEANING OF SOCRATIC INTELLECTUALISM HEDA SEGVIC κν κν µαρτον, ο κ ρνσοµαι. (Willingly, willingly I erred;I won’t deny it.) [Aeschylus], Prometheus Bound, 266 Video meliora proboque, deteriora sequor. (I see what is better and approve of it, but pursue what is worse.) Ovid, Metamorphoses,7.20 Concepts, just like individuals, have their history and are no more able than they to resist the dominion of time, but in and through it all they nevertheless harbour a kind of homesickness for the place of their birth. Sren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Irony, 13. 106 I The Western philosophical tradition is deeply indebted to the fig- ure of Socrates. The question ‘How should one live?’ has rightly been called ‘the Socratic question’. Socrates’ method of cross- examining his interlocutors has often been seen as a paradigmatic form of philosophical enquiry,and his own life as an epitome of the philosophical life. What philosophers and non-philosophers alike have often found disappointing in Socrates is his intellectualism. A prominent complaint about Socratic intellectualism has been mem- orably recorded by Alexander Nehamas: ‘And George Grote both expressed the consensus of the ages and set the stage for modern ã Heda Segvic 2000 I am grateful to Myles Burnyeat, David Furley, John McDowell, and Julius Morav- csik for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. I also wish to thank the editor of Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy for his generous criticisms and corrections. Created on 21 September 2000 at 13.38 hours page 2 2 Heda Segvic attitudes toward Socrates when he attributed to him “the error . -
The Stoics and the Practical: a Roman Reply to Aristotle
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 8-2013 The Stoics and the practical: a Roman reply to Aristotle Robin Weiss DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Weiss, Robin, "The Stoics and the practical: a Roman reply to Aristotle" (2013). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 143. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/143 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE STOICS AND THE PRACTICAL: A ROMAN REPLY TO ARISTOTLE A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August, 2013 BY Robin Weiss Department of Philosophy College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, IL - TABLE OF CONTENTS - Introduction……………………..............................................................................................................p.i Chapter One: Practical Knowledge and its Others Technê and Natural Philosophy…………………………….....……..……………………………….....p. 1 Virtue and technical expertise conflated – subsequently distinguished in Plato – ethical knowledge contrasted with that of nature in -
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Ancient Greek Philosophy but didn’t Know Who to Ask Edited by Patricia F. O’Grady MEET THE PHILOSOPHERS OF ANCIENT GREECE Dedicated to the memory of Panagiotis, a humble man, who found pleasure when reading about the philosophers of Ancient Greece Meet the Philosophers of Ancient Greece Everything you always wanted to know about Ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask Edited by PATRICIA F. O’GRADY Flinders University of South Australia © Patricia F. O’Grady 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Patricia F. O’Grady has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi.ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask 1. Philosophy, Ancient 2. Philosophers – Greece 3. Greece – Intellectual life – To 146 B.C. I. O’Grady, Patricia F. 180 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meet the philosophers of ancient Greece: everything you always wanted to know about ancient Greek philosophy but didn’t know who to ask / Patricia F. -
EPICTETUS AS SOCRATIC MENTOR1 in Tom Wolfe's Most Recent Novel, a Man in Full, a Young Californian, Down on His Luck, Converts A
EPICTETUS AS SOCRATIC MENTOR1 In Tom Wolfe's most recent novel, A Man In Full, a young Californian, down on his luck, converts a macho sixty-year old tycoon, facing financial ruin, to Stoicism.2 The young man, Conrad, has miraculously escaped from the Santa Rita gaol as a result of an earthquake. Shortly before, he had discovered Epictetus in a book called The Stoics, a book he had been sent mistakenly in place of a riveting thriller by his favourite author with the title, The Stoics' Game. He rapidly comes across this passage: T [Zeus] gave you a portion of our divinity, a spark from our own fire, the power to act and not to act, the will to get and the will to avoid. If you pay heed to this, you will not groan, you will blame no man, you will flatter none' (p. 398). Conrad is hooked. An innocent among a bunch of hideous felons, he asks himself: 'What would Epictetus have done with this bunch? What could he have done? How could you apply his lessons two thousand years later, in this grimy gray pod, this pigsty full of beasts who grunted about mother-fuckin this and mother-fuckin that?' (p. 410). Conrad memorises chunks of Epictetus. He refers a series of challenges to Zeus, overcomes a thug twice his size, and radiates Stoic strength. At the end, hired as a male nurse in Atlanta for the massive but now ailing Croker, the about-to-be ruined tycoon, Conrad tells Croker about the Stoic Zeus and Epictetus. -
DIVINE SPARKS in the Course of Some Earlier Remarks on Epictetus
CHAPTER SIX DIVINE SPARKS In the course of some earlier remarks on Epictetus, we had occasion to mention a further source of value, in the theory that man or a part of man is some sort of "segment" or "portion" ofthe divine. We observed that, although this theory normally identifies the "divine spark" with a par ticular aspect of the human being-the mind is usually the prime ClPl didate for such an identification-it also suggests that all human beings are in a similar or identical relation to the divine; and in this respect it differs basically and "democratically" from, for example, Aristotle's ver sion which insists that it is the quality or capacity of a mind which deter mines what, if anything, we are worth. It is unfortunate that we began the discussion of "divine sparks" with Epictetus. It was necessary to do so, however, because we observed that this theory cut across and correspondingly modified the Cynic-Stoic attitude to freedom, and we could not avoid introducing it at that point. But the thesis in various forms is older than the Stoics and Cynics, older than Socrates in his role as the inspirer of Cynicism. I do not intend to pursue its origins into the murky regions lying behind Greek philosophical enquiry; I shall content myself only with a few comments on Heraclitus, before returning again to Socrates and Plato. My justifica tion for this procedure is that almost nothing of pre-Socratic thought was "historically" understood in the later period of Greek philosophy with which we are presently concerned. -
Arrian the Personal Historian
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Arrian the Personal Historian Version 1.0 December, 2005 Kyle Lakin Stanford Department of Classics & Stanford Law School Abstract: Current scholarship ignores the personal nature of the second preface of Arrian's Anabasis. This preface reveals that the Anabasis can be read as a work about Arrian's own personal identity. Arrian's biographical history allows us to speculate that his identity was in flux throughout his life. By understanding the Anabasis as Arrian's way to claim to be a Greek, we can better interpret his characterization of Alexander. © Kyle Lakin. [email protected] Lakin 2 Arrian the Personal Historian In his Anabasis, Arrian claims his work about Alexander as a peculiarly personal triumph for a historian. He does not claim it to be a defining work for all mankind but rather to fulfill a personal goal that he has held since childhood. …a)ll0 e)kei~no a0nagra&fw, o3ti e0moi\ patri&j te kai\ ge&noj kai\ a0rxai\ oi#de oi( lo&goi ei)si& te kai\ a0po\ ne&ou e!ti e)ge0nonto. (I.12.5) ...But I write this because these words are country, family, and offices and have been since I was a child. Arrian claims that oi#de oi( lo&goi has been a work connected to his personal life unlike any other. Much discussion over the meaning of oi#de oi( lo&goi has shown that its interpretation depends mostly upon the view that an individual scholar holds concerning Arrian’s trustworthiness. It has been interpreted as everything from “this history” to “these writings” to “writing history” in an abstract sense.1 But the interpretation of this passage is crucial to our interpretation of the work, for if Arrian’s history was intensely personal, then this raises questions about his historiographical aims and method. -
The Socratic Handbook: the Enchiridion As a Guide for Emulating Socrates1
The Socratic Handbook: The Enchiridion as a Guide for Emulating Socrates1 Chad E. Brack February 8, 2020 Abstract: In this paper, I argue that the works of Epictetus are best understood as a guide for living like Socrates. On my view, we can think of the Enchiridion as a Socratic handbook, meaning it is less about the philosophy of Epictetus himself than it is about Epictetus’s prescription for achieving a Socratic disposition. In other words, Epictetus tells us how to live our lives as Socrates did. He believes doing so will lead us to the Good Life and the tranquility that accompanies it. I begin by discussing Socratic ethics and Socrates’s influence on Stoicism, then I suggest that the content and structure of Epictetus’s work points to Socrates as the prime focus for Epictetus’s teachings. Socrates is not just an example of sagacity—he is the subject of study. After offering the reasoning for my view, I address what I believe to be the most likely objections to my interpretation and conclude with final thoughts about Stoicism as a Socratic philosophy of life. I. Introduction In recent years Stoicism has reemerged as an attractive philosophy of life. It has also become a tool for self-help and cognitive behavioral therapy. Founded over 2000 years ago, Stoicism has touched the lives of countless people. The Stoics taught a philosophy based on building the right mental state to deal with life’s challenges and to achieve contentment regardless of circumstances. It is a philosophy based on well-being. -
MINEOLA BIBLE INSTITUTE and SEMINARY Philosophy II Radically
MINEOLA BIBLE INSTITUTE AND SEMINARY Page | 1 Philosophy II Radically, Biblical, Apostolic, Christianity Bishop D.R. Vestal, PhD Larry L Yates, ThD, DMin “Excellence in Apostolic Education since 1991” 1 Copyright © 2019 Mineola Bible Institute Page | 2 All Rights Reserved This lesson material may not be used in any manner for reproduction in any language or use without the written permission of Mineola Bible Institute. 2 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7 Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) ........................................................................................... 8 Philip II of Macedonia (382-336 B.C.) ....................................................................................... 12 Page | 3 “Olympias the mother of Alexander was an evil woman. .......................................... 13 Philip II (of Macedonia) (382-336 BC) .............................................................................. 13 Aristotle (384-322 BC) ............................................................................................................... 15 Works .................................................................................................................................... 16 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 17 Doctrines ............................................................................................................................ -
Imitation of Greatness: Alexander of Macedon and His Influence on Leading Romans
Imitation of Greatness: Alexander of Macedon and His Influence on Leading Romans Thomas W Foster II, McNair Scholar The Pennsylvania State University Mark Munn, Ph.D Head, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies College of Liberal Arts The Pennsylvania State University Abstract This paper seeks to examine the relationship between greatness and imitation in antiquity. To do so, Alexander the Great will be compared with Romans Julius Caesar and Marcus Aurelius. The question this paper tries to answer concerns leading Romans and the idea of imitating Alexander the Great and how this affected their actions. It draws upon both ancient sources and modern scholarship. It differs from both ancient and modern attempts at comparison in distinct ways, however. This paper contains elements of the following: historiography, biography, military history, political science, character study, religion and socio-cultural traditions. Special attention has been given to the socio-cultural differences of the Greco-Roman world. Comparing multiple eras allows for the establishment of credible commonalities. These commonalities can then be applied to different eras up to and including the modern. Practically, these traits allow us to link these men of antiquity, both explicitly and implicitly. Beginning with Plutarch in the 1st/2nd century CE1, a long historical tradition of comparing great men was established. Plutarch chose to compare Alexander the Great to Julius Caesar. The reasons for such a comparison are quite obvious. Both men conquered swaths of land, changed the balance of power in the Mediterranean and caused many to either love them or plot to kill them. Scholars have assessed this comparison continuously.