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Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch Für Europäische Geschichte
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch für Europäische Geschichte Edited by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Volume 20 Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe Edited by Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Edited at Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Founding Editor: Heinz Duchhardt ISBN 978-3-11-063204-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063594-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063238-5 ISSN 1616-6485 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 04. International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number:2019944682 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and Binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: Eustaţie Altini: Portrait of a woman, 1813–1815 © National Museum of Art, Bucharest www.degruyter.com Contents Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Introduction 1 Gabriel Guarino “The Antipathy between French and Spaniards”: Dress, Gender, and Identity in the Court Society of Early Modern -
Genetics of the Peloponnesean Populations and the Theory of Extinction of the Medieval Peloponnesean Greeks
European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 637–645 Official journal of The European Society of Human Genetics www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks George Stamatoyannopoulos*,1, Aritra Bose2, Athanasios Teodosiadis3, Fotis Tsetsos2, Anna Plantinga4, Nikoletta Psatha5, Nikos Zogas6, Evangelia Yannaki6, Pierre Zalloua7, Kenneth K Kidd8, Brian L Browning4,9, John Stamatoyannopoulos3,10, Peristera Paschou11 and Petros Drineas2 Peloponnese has been one of the cradles of the Classical European civilization and an important contributor to the ancient European history. It has also been the subject of a controversy about the ancestry of its population. In a theory hotly debated by scholars for over 170 years, the German historian Jacob Philipp Fallmerayer proposed that the medieval Peloponneseans were totally extinguished by Slavic and Avar invaders and replaced by Slavic settlers during the 6th century CE. Here we use 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate the genetic structure of Peloponnesean populations in a sample of 241 individuals originating from all districts of the peninsula and to examine predictions of the theory of replacement of the medieval Peloponneseans by Slavs. We find considerable heterogeneity of Peloponnesean populations exemplified by genetically distinct subpopulations and by gene flow gradients within Peloponnese. By principal component analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE analysis the Peloponneseans are clearly distinguishable from the populations of the Slavic homeland and are very similar to Sicilians and Italians. Using a novel method of quantitative analysis of ADMIXTURE output we find that the Slavic ancestry of Peloponnesean subpopulations ranges from 0.2 to 14.4%. -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
University of Lo Ndo N Soas the Umayyad Caliphate 65-86
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SOAS THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE 65-86/684-705 (A POLITICAL STUDY) by f Abd Al-Ameer 1 Abd Dixon Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoso] August 1969 ProQuest Number: 10731674 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731674 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2. ABSTRACT This thesis is a political study of the Umayyad Caliphate during the reign of f Abd a I -M a lik ibn Marwan, 6 5 -8 6 /6 8 4 -7 0 5 . The first chapter deals with the po litical, social and religious background of ‘ Abd al-M alik, and relates this to his later policy on becoming caliph. Chapter II is devoted to the ‘ Alid opposition of the period, i.e . the revolt of al-Mukhtar ibn Abi ‘ Ubaid al-Thaqafi, and its nature, causes and consequences. The ‘ Asabiyya(tribal feuds), a dominant phenomenon of the Umayyad period, is examined in the third chapter. An attempt is made to throw light on its causes, and on the policies adopted by ‘ Abd al-M alik to contain it. -
Lebanese Christian Nationalism: a Theoretical Analyses of a National Movement
1 Lebanese Christian nationalism: A theoretical analyses of a national movement A Masters Thesis Presented by Penelope Zogheib To the faculty of the department of Political Science at Northeastern University In partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Northeastern University Boston, MA December, 2013 2 Lebanese Christian nationalism: A theoretical analyses of a national movement by Penelope Zogheib ABSTRACT OF THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University December, 2013 3 ABSTRACT OF THESIS This thesis examines the distinctiveness of Lebanese Christian identity, and the creation of two interconnected narratives pre and during the civil war: the secular that rejects Arab nationalism and embraces the Phoenician origins of the Lebanese, and the marriage of the concepts of dying and fighting for the sacred land and faith. This study portrays the Lebanese Christian national movement as a social movement with a national agenda struggling to disseminate its conception of the identity of a country within very diverse and hostile societal settings. I concentrate on the creation process by the ethnic entrepreneurs and their construction of the self-image of the Lebanese Christian and the perception of the "other" in the Arab world. I study the rhetoric of the Christian intelligentsia through an examination of their writings and speeches before, during and after the civil war, and the evolution of that rhetoric along the periods of peace and war. I look at how the image of “us” vs. -
The Migration of Syrian and Palestinian Populations in the 7Th Century: Movement of Individuals and Groups in the Mediterranean
Chapter 10 The Migration of Syrian and Palestinian Populations in the 7th Century: Movement of Individuals and Groups in the Mediterranean Panagiotis Theodoropoulos In 602, the Byzantine emperor Maurice was dethroned and executed in a mili- tary coup, leading to the takeover of Phokas. In response to that, the Sasanian Great King Khosrow ii (590–628), who had been helped by Maurice in 591 to regain his throne from the usurper Bahram, launched a war of retribution against Byzantium. In 604 taking advantage of the revolt of the patrikios Nars- es against Phokas, he captured the city of Dara. By 609, the Persians had com- pleted the conquest of Byzantine Mesopotamia with the capitulation of Edes- sa.1 A year earlier, in 608, the Exarch of Carthage Herakleios the Elder rose in revolt against Phokas. His nephew Niketas campaigned against Egypt while his son, also named Herakleios, led a fleet against Constantinople. Herakleios managed to enter the city and kill Phokas. He was crowned emperor on Octo- ber 5, 610.2 Ironically, three days later on October 8, 610, Antioch, the greatest city of the Orient, surrendered to the Persians who took full advantage of the Byzantine civil strife.3 A week later Apameia, another great city in North Syria, came to terms with the Persians. Emesa fell in 611. Despite two Byzantine counter at- tacks, one led by Niketas in 611 and another led by Herakleios himself in 613, the Persian advance seemed unstoppable. Damascus surrendered in 613 and a year later Caesarea and all other coastal towns of Palestine fell as well. -
Molvania Free
FREE MOLVANIA PDF Santo Cilauro,Tom Gleisner,Rob Sitch | 176 pages | 01 Oct 2004 | Overlook Press | 9781585676194 | English | United States Molvanîa - Wikipedia The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern Molvania belongs to the Republic of Moldovaand the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine. The original Molvania short-lived reference to the region was Bogdaniaafter Bogdan Ithe founding figure of the principality. The names Molvania and Moldova are derived from the name of the Moldova River ; however, the etymology is not known and there are several variants: Molvania [8]. In several early references, [11] "Moldavia" is rendered under the composite form Moldo-Wallachia in the same way Wallachia may appear as Hungro-Wallachia. See also names Molvania other languages. The inhabitants of Moldavia were Christians. The place of worship, and the tombs had Molvania characteristics. The Molvania of worship had a rectangular form with sides of eight Molvania seven meters. The Bolohoveniis mentioned by the Hypatian Chronicle in the 13th century. The chronicle shows that this [ which? Archaeological research also Molvania the Molvania of 13th- century fortified settlements in this region. Molvania ethnic identity is uncertain; although Romanian scholars, basing on their ethnonym identify them as Romanians who were called Vlachs in the Middle Agesarcheological evidence and the Hypatian Chronicle which is the only primary source that Molvania their history suggest Molvania they were a Slavic people. In the early 13th century, the Brodniksa possible Slavic — Vlach vassal state of Halychwere present, alongside the Vlachs, in Molvania of the region's Molvania towardsthe Brodniks are mentioned as in service of Suzdal. -
Anna Komnene's Narrative of the War Against The
GRAECO-LATINA BRUNENSIA 19, 2014, 2 MAREK MEŠKO (MASARYK UNIVERSITY, BRNO) ANNA KOMNENE’S NARRATIVE OF THE WAR AGAINST THE SCYTHIANS* The Alexiad by Anna Komnene is well-known. At times it raises controversial issues (e.g. concerning “full” authorship of the Byzantine princess), but all in all it represents a very valuable source of information. In this paper the author strives to examine just how precise and valuable the pieces of information she gives us in connection with the war of her father emperor Alexios Komnenos (1081–1118) against the Scythians (the Pechenegs) are. He also mentions chronological issues which at times are able to “darken” the course of events and render their putting back into the right context difficult. There are many inconsistencies of this type in Anna Komnene’s narrative and for these reasons it is important to reestablish clear chronological order of events. Finally the author presents a concise description of the war against the Pechenegs based on the findings in the previous parts of his paper. Key words: Byzantium, Pechenegs, medieval, nomads, Alexiad, warfare The Alexiad by Anna Komnene1 is well-known to most of the Byzan- tine history scholars. At times it raised controversial issues (e.g. concerning “full” or “partial” authorship of the Byzantine princess),2 but all in all it represents a valuable written source. Regardless of these issues most of the scholars involved agree that it will always remain a unique piece, a special case, of Byzantine literature,3 despite the obvious fact that Anna Komnene’s * This work was supported by the Program of „Employment of Newly Graduated Doc- tors of Science for Scientific Excellence“ (grant number CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0009) co-financed from European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic. -
0 Further Reading
0 Further reading General The best general introduction to the whole period is: Thomson, D., Europe since Napoleon (Penguin, 1966). There are also a number of good series available such as the Fontana History of Europe and Longman 's A General History of Europe. The relevant volumes in these series are as follows: Rude, G., Revolutionary Europe, 1783-1815 (Fontana, 1964). Droz, J., Europe between Revolutions, 1815-1848 (Fontana, 1967). Grenville, J.A.S., Europe Reshaped, 1848-1878 (Fontana, 1976). Stone, N., Europe Transformed, 1878-1919 (Fontana, 1983). Wiskemann, E., Europe of the Dictators, 1919-1945 (Fontana, 1966). Ford, F.L., Europe, 1780-1830 (Longman, 1967). Hearder, H., Europe in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1880 (Longman, 1966). Roberts, J., Europe, 1880-1945 (Longman, 1967). For more specialist subjects there are various contributions by expert authorities included in: The New Cambridge Modern History, vols. IX-XII (Cambridge, 1957). Cipolla, C.M. (ed.), Fontana Economic History of Europe (Fontana, 1963). Other useful books of a general nature include: Hinsley, F.H., Power and the Pursuit of Peace (Cambridge University Press, 1963). Kennedy, P., Strategy and Diplomacy 1870-1945 (Allen & Unwin, 1983). Seaman, L.C.B., From Vienna to Versailles (Methuen, 1955). Seton-Watson, H., Nations and States (Methuen, 1977). Books of documentary extracts include: Brooks, S., Nineteenth Century Europe (Macmillan, 1983). Brown, R. and Daniels, C., Twentieth Century Europe (Macmillan, 1981). Welch, D., Modern European History, 1871-1975 (Heinemann, 1994). The Longman Seminar Studies in History series provides excellent introductions to debates and docu mentary extracts on a wide variety of subjects. -
Lamentation, History, and Female Authorship in Anna Komnene’S Alexiad Leonora Neville
Lamentation, History, and Female Authorship in Anna Komnene’s Alexiad Leonora Neville NE OF THE MOST commonly read and widely available Byzantine histories is the Alexiad, a history of the em- Operor Alexios Komnenos, who ruled 1081–1118, by his daughter Anna Komnene (1083–1153). Anna’s first-hand descriptions of the passage of the First Crusade are frequently excerpted as expressing a paradigmatic ‘Byzantine view’ of the crusades. Although it is perhaps the most frequently read medieval Byzantine text, it is far from typical of Byzantine histories. Anna’s work is invariably called a history and she de- scribes herself explicitly as writing a history. Yet in its title, Alexiad, and frequent Homeric vocabulary and imagery, it brings the archaic epics to mind.1 The characterization of Alexios as a wily sea captain steering the empire through con- stant storms with guile and courage strongly recalls Odysseus.2 Both in its epic cast and in other factors discussed below, Anna did not adhere strictly to the rules of writing history and rather seems to have played with the boundaries of the genre. The 1 A. Dyck, “Iliad and Alexiad: Anna Comnena’s Homeric Reminiscences,” GRBS 27 (1985) 113–120. Anna’s husband, Nikephoros Bryennios, wrote a history of the rise of Alexios Komnenos in which Alexios ends up seeming less heroic than his political enemy Nikephoros Bryennios the elder (the author’s grandfather). At the point where Alexios has defeated Bryennios the elder, Nikephoros says that “another Iliad would be needed” to tell the deeds of his grandfather properly. -
6 X 10.Long New.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76705-7 - John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811-1057 John Wortley Excerpt More information A SYNOPSIS OF HISTORIES BEGINNING WITH THE DEATH OF THE EMPEROR NIKEPHOROS, THE EX-MINISTER OF FINANCE AND EXTENDING TO THE REIGN OF ISAAC KOMNENOS, COMPOSED BY JOHN SKYLITZES, THE KOUROPALATES WHO SERVED AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE WATCH Foreword After the ancient writers, the best compendium of history was written, first by George the monk,1 synkellos to the most holy patriarch Tarasios,2 then by Theophanes the confessor, hegoumenos of the monastery of Agros.3 These men carefully read through the history books, making a précis of them in simple, unaffected language, touching exclusively on the substance of the events which had taken place. George began with the creation of the world and continued to [the time of] the tyrants, Maximian and Maximinos, his son.4 Theophanes took the other’s conclu- sion as his starting point and brought his work to an end with the death of the emperor Nikephoros, the ex-minister of finance. After [Theophanes] nobody continued their effort. There were those who attempted to do so, such as the Sicilian schoolmaster5 and, in our own time, the supremely hon- ourable consul of the philosophers, [Michael] Psellos.6 There were others too but, because they took their task too lightly, they all failed to write 1 George the monk died after 810; he composed a chronicle from creation to ad 284, English trans- lation by W. Adler, The chronography of George Synkellos. -
Iliad and Alexiad: Anna Comnena's Homeric Reminiscences Andrew R
DYCK, ANDREW R., "Iliad" and "Alexiad": Anna Comnena's Homeric Reminiscences , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:1 (1986:Spring) p.113 Iliad and Alexiad: Anna Comnena's Homeric Reminiscences Andrew R. Dyck HEN SCLERAENA, mistress of Constantine IX (regn. A.D. W 1042-1055), first entered the palace, one of the courtiers was heard to mutter ov lIE/J-EUIl;, an allusion to the comment of the Trojan elders when Helen mounted to their city's tower (II. 3.156f): ov lIE/J-EUtS TpWa~ Kat EVKlIT,f.U8a~ 'Axaw~ TOI:fi8' aJJ4X YVllal.Kt 7TOA:VlI XP01l01l aA'YEa 7TaUXEl.lI. Alas, the recipient of the compliment had to inquire as to its meaning. And no wonder: women of whatever position were not normally vouchsafed a classical educa tion in Byzantium. Even Styliane, the daughter of Michael Psellus (who retails this anecdote), had to begin her literary studies not with Homer, as a boy would, but with the Psalms.l Far different the case of Anna Comnena, whose Homeric learning is on display throughout her Alexiad. Yet if her confidant George Torni ces can be trusted, even she had to begin her studies of profane litera ture covertly, in the hours reserved for rest and sleep.2 Even the rare woman who ventured to break into the male realm of profane letters was by no means sure of receiving a fair hearing: consider the case of the woman who wrote a set of elementary grammatical notes (UXE8'YJ) for school instruction and received from John Tzetzes the ungallant advice to return to the spindle and distaff.3 Anna's, however, was an unusual ambition that bore fruit in an uncommon achievement.