DOCSLIB.ORG

Mya Arenaria Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Myoida Soft-Shelled Clam Family: Myidae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mya Arenaria Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Myoida Soft-Shelled Clam Family: Myidae Phylum: Mollusca Mya arenaria Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Myoida Soft-shelled clam Family: Myidae Taxonomy: Mya arenaria is this species cilia allow the style to rotate and press against original name and is almost exclusively used a gastric shield within the stomach, aiding in currently. However, the taxonomic history of digestion (Lawry 1987). In M. arenaria, the this species includes many synonyms, crystalline style can be regenerated after 74 overlapping descriptions, and/or subspecies days (Haderlie and Abbott 1980) and may (e.g. Mya hemphilli, Mya arenomya arenaria, contribute to the clam’s ability to live without Winckworth 1930; Bernard 1979). The oxygen for extended periods of time (Ricketts subgenera of Mya (Mya mya, Mya arenomya) and Calvin 1952). The ligament is white, were based on the presence or absence of a strong, and entirely internal (Kozloff 1993). subumbonal groove on the left valve and the Two types of gland cells (bacillary and goblet) morphology of the pallial sinus and pallial line comprise the pedal aperture gland or (see Bernard 1979). glandular cushion located within the pedal gape. It is situated adjacent to each of the Description two mantle margins and aids in the formation Size: Individuals range in size from 2–150 of pseudofeces from burrow sediments; the mm (Jacobson et al. 1975; Haderlie and structure of these glands may be of Abbott 1980; Kozloff 1993; Maximovich and phylogenetic relevance (Norenburg and Guerassimova 2003) and are, on average, Ferraris 1992). 50–100 mm (Fig. 1). Mean weight and length Exterior: were 74 grams and 8 cm (respectively) in Byssus: Wexford, Ireland (Cross et al. 2012). Gills: Individual weight varies seasonally and is Shell: Shell is soft, thin, fragile (hence “soft greatest just before spawning and the shell clam”, Kozloff 1993; Coan and smallest just after (range, 100–200 mg ash- Valentich-Scott 2007), and composed free dry weight, Wadden Sea, Zwarts 1991). completely of aragonite (MacDonald and Color: White with gray or dark, yellowish Thomas 1980). The valves have an oval and brown periostracum on shell edges, creating rounded anterior and a pointed posterior a rough outermost layer. Siphons are dark (Kozloff 1993) and gape at each end (Haderlie and Abbott 1980; Kozloff 1993; see (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). External shell Fig. 3, Zhang et al. 2012) sculpture is with concentric rings (Fig. 1). General Morphology: Bivalve mollusks are Interior: Deep pallial sinus and bilaterally symmetrical with two lateral valves spoon-shaped chondrophore, or triangular or shells that are hinged dorsally and projection, is present on the left valve only surround a mantle, head, foot and viscera (Haderlie and Abbott 1980; Kozloff 1993). (see Plate 393B, Coan and Valentich-Scott Left and right adductor muscle scars are the 2007). Myoid bivalves are burrowers and same size but very different in shape (Fig. 2). borers, with long siphons and hinges with few Exterior: Left and right valves are of teeth (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). similar morphology, which is long and egg- Body: Body is egg-shaped in outline (Fig. 1; shaped, with shells convex, thin and brittle Ricketts and Calvin 1952) (see Fig. 305, (Fig. 4). Low concentric growth striae on Kozloff 1993). anterior and posterior ends are different: Color: anterior are more blunt and posterior are Interior: A crystalline style (consisting pointed, but both ends gaping (Packard of a gelatinous cortex and liquid core, Lawry 1918). Beaks small, bent posteriorly, and 1987) resides in a sac lined with cilia. The slightly anterior of center (Fig. 2). Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Mya arenaria. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12910 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Hinge: Valve areas dissimilar and periostracum. It also bores into rock and hard with spoon-shaped chondrophore in left valve. clay while M. arenaria and C. californica Right valve is with tooth in opposition to burrow into sand or mud. The shells of the chondrophore (Fig. 3). No hinge plate teeth two latter species are relatively thin. In M. (cardinal or lateral). arenaria, the pallial sinus is deep and Eyes: individuals reach sizes of 150 mm, while in C. Foot: californica the pallial sinus is shallow, Siphons: Long, large siphons are fused, inconspicuous and individuals tend to be non-retractable (Coan and Valentich-Scott smaller (30 mm) (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007; Tan and Beal 2015), and dark in color 2007). Mya arenaria is found as deep as 40 (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). cm and is not necessarily near Callianassa Burrow: Unlike the other local member of the californiensis burrows, where one might find Myidae, Cryptomya californica (see Cryptomya californica. The siphons are M. description in this guide), M. arenaria has arenaria are also longer than those of C. long siphons and can be found in relatively californica (see C. californica, Figs. 1, 6 in this deep burrows up to 40 cm (Haderlie and guide). Additionally, Sphenia luticola is a myid Abbott 1980; Kozloff 1993; Coan and species that may occur in our area, but is Valentich-Scott 2007; González et al. 2015). found offshore in rocks and within kelp holdfasts (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). Possible Misidentifications Juvenile Mya are not easily distinguished There are five bivalve subclasses based on from Sphenia species, but Mya can be morphology and fossil evidence and one of recognized by a large continuous pallial sinus those is the diverse Heterodonta. Recent (Coan 1999). molecular evidence (18S and 28S rRNA) Mya arenaria may be confused with suggests that the heterodont order Myoida is other local common clams, e.g. Saxidomus, non monophyletic (Taylor et al. 2007). The Tresus, Tellina or Macoma species. These family Myidae includes 25–40 species genera do not have an internal ligament or a worldwide, which can be divided into groups chondrophore. Small Tresus can otherwise such as those that are burrowing (Mya), those be mistaken for M. arenaria. Small Tellinid that are attached to shells or stone (Sphenia) clams have an external ligament without a or those utilizing the burrows of other species nymph, and lateral hinge teeth, which M. (Cryptomya, Paramya) (Zhang et al. 2012). arenaria lack. Macoma species (see Characters of the Myidae include a shell that descriptions in this guide) are very like is not cemented to the substratum, valves that Tellina, but their shells are always a bit are (relatively) morphologically similar, a flexed, they have no lateral teeth, and no dorsal margin without ears, a hinge with an internal coloration. Furthermore, where M. internal ligament in a distinct resilifer or arenaria is abundant is in upper reaches of chondrophore that is spoon shaped and estuaries where salinity is reduced, species present on the left valve (Coan and Valentich- in the genera Saxidomus and Tresus are not Scott 2007). Cryptomya species are usually found. characterized by hinge without tooth-like process anteriorly on the right valve. Mya, on Ecological Information the other hand, have thin shells, gaping Range: Type locality is Europe (Zhang et al. anteriorly and posteriorly and commarginal 2012). Current eastern Pacific distribution growth lines (Zhang et al. 2012). from Alaska to San Diego, California (Haderlie There are only three local myid and Abbott 1980). Current populations species including Platyodon cancellatus, Mya introduced from the Atlantic coast with oyster arenaria and Cryptomya californica (“the false spat in 1874 in San Francisco (Coan and Mya” see description in this guide). Platydon Valentich-Scott 2007), although it appears in cancellatus can be distinguished from the the fossil record (Ricketts and Calvin 1971) in latter two species because its shells are California and Vancouver (Packard 1918). heavy and with wavy commarginal sculpture However, M. arenaria is not represented in and a round anterior. It has a truncate, local Native American mounds (Kozloff 1993). gaping posterior end covered with The palaeontological history of M. arenaria Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Mya arenaria. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. was described by Fujie (1957, 1962), as the (Clements and Hunt 2014). Thermal stress species originated in the Pacific in the (e.g., associated with climate change) is Miocene, spread to the Atlantic into the accompanied by oxidative stress in marine Pliocene, became extinct in the Pacific mollusks, including M. arenaria, and leads to northwest by the Pleistocene was re- the mitochondrial production of reactive established and introduced from Atlantic oxygen species (Abele et al. 2002). Mya populations in 1880s and was re-introduced arenaria individuals respond to hypoxia by to the eastern Atlantic and Pacific during the reducing burrow depth and increasing siphon Pleistocene (Rasmussen and Heard 1995; extension (Taylor and Eggleston 2000). Zhang et al. 2012). Following introduction, M. Salinity: Tolerates brackish water and arenaria spread northward to Willapa Bay, reduced salinity, as well as full salt water Washington in 1880 and Alaska in 1950s (Haderlie and Abbott 1980; Kozloff 1993). (Haderlie and Abbott 1980; Ricketts and Temperature: Range limited to cool areas, Calvin 1952). Common on the Atlantic Coast although this species can also tolerate and Europe in areas of low salinity (e.g. Baltic temperatures below freezing (Ricketts and Sea, Kozloff 1993). It has crowded out the Calvin 1952). Eastern Atlantic southern native Macoma spp. on the Pacific coast in distribution set by critical maximum some areas (Keep and Longstreth 1935).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Shelled Molluscs
    Mar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs Fre´de´ric Gazeau • Laura M. Parker • Steeve Comeau • Jean-Pierre Gattuso • Wayne A. O’Connor • Sophie Martin • Hans-Otto Po¨rtner • Pauline M. Ross Received: 18 January 2013 / Accepted: 15 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Over the next century, elevated quantities of ecosystem services including habitat structure for benthic atmospheric CO2 are expected to penetrate into the oceans, organisms, water purification and a food source for other causing a reduction in pH (-0.3/-0.4 pH unit in the organisms. The effects of ocean acidification on the growth surface ocean) and in the concentration of carbonate ions and shell production by juvenile and adult shelled molluscs (so-called ocean acidification). Of growing concern are the are variable among species and even within the same impacts that this will have on marine and estuarine species, precluding the drawing of a general picture. This organisms and ecosystems. Marine shelled molluscs, which is, however, not the case for pteropods, with all species colonized a large latitudinal gradient and can be found tested so far, being negatively impacted by ocean acidifi- from intertidal to deep-sea habitats, are economically cation. The blood of shelled molluscs may exhibit lower and ecologically important species providing essential pH with consequences for several physiological processes (e.g. respiration, excretion, etc.) and, in some cases, increased mortality in the long term. While fertilization Communicated by S. Dupont. may remain unaffected by elevated pCO2, embryonic and Fre´de´ric Gazeau and Laura M.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoenvironmental Interpretation of Late Glacial and Post
    PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION OF LATE GLACIAL AND POST- GLACIAL FOSSIL MARINE MOLLUSCS, EUREKA SOUND, CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geography University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Shanshan Cai © Copyright Shanshan Cai, April 2006. All rights reserved. i PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Geography University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 i ABSTRACT A total of 5065 specimens (5018 valves of bivalve and 47 gastropod shells) have been identified and classified into 27 species from 55 samples collected from raised glaciomarine and estuarine sediments, and glacial tills.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Paleoecology of a New Species of Sphenia (Bivalvia; Myidae) from the Pleistocene of Florida Jackson E
    TAXONOMY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF A NEW SPECIES OF SPHENIA (BIVALVIA; MYIDAE) FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF FLORIDA JACKSON E. LEWIS TULANE UNIVERSITY CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ------------------------- ----------- -- --- --· ---- ----------· --- --- ------------- ---· --- -----· ·-- 23 I. INTRODUCTION ______________________ ________________ __ -------------------------------------- ·---- ____________ ____ _ 2 3 II. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY __________________ _________________ __________________________ __ ___ ___________ 24 III. pALEOECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS ___________________________________________________________________ 30 IV. LITERATURE CITED _ _______________ ___________________ ______ ___________ ________________ ___ _ ___ ___ 31 ABSTRACT T 12 S, R 29 E; this site, designated Uni­ The new species, Sphenia tumida} is de­ versity of Florida Locality 5, is approxi­ scribed from the Pleistocene of Flagler mately eight miles west of Bunnell. Al­ County, Florida, an occurrence believed to though the specimens were assigned tenta­ represent the last known appearance of the tively to the genus Cuspidaria in the original genus in the western Atlantic waters im­ report (Lewis, 1964), their true affinities mediately adjacent to the North American are with species of Sphenia} a genus whose continent. Taxonomic characters of the genus living representatives are found in the west­ are reviewed, as are the geographic distribu­ ern Atlantic only in the vicinity of Puerto tion and ecology of living species and the Rico. It is known in eastern North America,
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Hydraulic Blade Dredging on a Benthic Megafaunal Community in the Clyde Sea Area, Scotland
    Journal of Sea Research 50 (2003) 45–56 www.elsevier.com/locate/seares The impact of hydraulic blade dredging on a benthic megafaunal community in the Clyde Sea area, Scotland C. Hauton*, R.J.A. Atkinson, P.G. Moore University Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM), Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland, KA28 0EG, UK Received 4 December 2002; accepted 13 February 2003 Abstract A study was made of the impacts on a benthic megafaunal community of a hydraulic blade dredge fishing for razor clams Ensis spp. within the Clyde Sea area. Damage caused to the target species and the discard collected by the dredge as well as the fauna dislodged by the dredge but left exposed at the surface of the seabed was quantified. The dredge contents and the dislodged fauna were dominated by the burrowing heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum, approximately 60–70% of which survived the fishing process intact. The next most dominant species, the target razor clam species Ensis siliqua and E. arcuatus as well as the common otter shell Lutraria lutraria, did not survive the fishing process as well as E. cordatum, with between 20 and 100% of individuals suffering severe damage in any one dredge haul. Additional experiments were conducted to quantify the reburial capacity of dredged fauna that was returned to the seabed as discard. Approximately 85% of razor clams retained the ability to rapidly rebury into both undredged and dredged sand, as did the majority of those heart urchins Echinocardium cordatum which did not suffer aerial exposure. Individual E. cordatum which were brought to surface in the dredge collecting cage were unable to successfully rebury within three hours of being returned to the seabed.
    [Show full text]
  • Bankia Setacea Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Euheterodonta
    Phylum: Mollusca Bankia setacea Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Euheterodonta Order: Imparidentia, Myida The northwest or feathery shipworm Family: Pholadoidea, Teredinidae, Bankiinae Taxonomy: The original binomen for Bankia the presence of long siphons. Members of setacea was Xylotrya setacea, described by the family Teredinidae are modified for and Tryon in 1863 (Turner 1966). William Leach distiguished by a wood-boring mode of life described several molluscan genera, includ- (Sipe et al. 2000), pallets at the siphon tips ing Xylotrya, but how his descriptions were (see Plate 394C, Coan and Valentich-Scott interpreted varied. Although Menke be- 2007) and distinct anterior shell indentation. lieved Xylotrya to be a member of the Phola- They are commonly called shipworms (though didae, Gray understood it as a member of they are not worms at all!) and bore into many the Terdinidae and synonyimized it with the wooden structures. The common name ship- genus Bankia, a genus designated by the worm is based on their vermiform morphology latter author in 1842. Most authors refer to and a shell that only covers the anterior body Bankia setacea (e.g. Kozloff 1993; Sipe et (Ricketts and Calvin 1952; see images in al. 2000; Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007; Turner 1966). Betcher et al. 2012; Borges et al. 2012; Da- Body: Bizarrely modified bivalve with re- vidson and de Rivera 2012), although one duced, sub-globular body. For internal anato- recent paper sites Xylotrya setacea (Siddall my, see Fig. 1, Canadian…; Fig. 1 Betcher et et al. 2009). Two additional known syno- al. 2012. nyms exist currently, including Bankia Color: osumiensis, B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Environment on Arctica Islandica Shell Formation and Architecture
    Biogeosciences, 14, 1577–1591, 2017 www.biogeosciences.net/14/1577/2017/ doi:10.5194/bg-14-1577-2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The effects of environment on Arctica islandica shell formation and architecture Stefania Milano1, Gernot Nehrke2, Alan D. Wanamaker Jr.3, Irene Ballesta-Artero4,5, Thomas Brey2, and Bernd R. Schöne1 1Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Joh.-J.-Becherweg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany 2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 3Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3212, USA 4Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands 5Department of Animal Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Correspondence to: Stefania Milano ([email protected]) Received: 27 October 2016 – Discussion started: 7 December 2016 Revised: 1 March 2017 – Accepted: 4 March 2017 – Published: 27 March 2017 Abstract. Mollusks record valuable information in their hard tribution, and (2) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was parts that reflect ambient environmental conditions. For this used to detect changes in microstructural organization. Our reason, shells can serve as excellent archives to reconstruct results indicate that A. islandica microstructure is not sen- past climate and environmental variability. However, animal sitive to changes in the food source and, likely, shell pig- physiology and biomineralization, which are often poorly un- ment are not altered by diet. However, seawater temperature derstood, can make the decoding of environmental signals had a statistically significant effect on the orientation of the a challenging task.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NAUTILUS [Vol
    2 2 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 69 (1) separated from each other by five centimeters. The snail was expanded with its head oriented away from the clam. When placed on the sand, the clam showed no activity during the next 30 minutes after which observations were discontinued. All but the lower (anterior) end of the body of the clam was covered by an envelope of slime secreted by the foot of the snail. It seems clear that P. duplicatus capturesEnsis directus by approaching it below the surface of the substratum and by ir­ ritating the lower portion so that it retreats upward. The snail then coats the razor clam with an envelope of slime which ap­ pears to have anesthetic properties. Successful capture proba­ bly depends on the ability of the snail to maintain contact with its prey until anesthesia takes place. ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE NUDIBRANCH ALDERIA MODESTA (LOVÉN, 1844) ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIAN COAST By CADET HAND and JOAN STEINBERG Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844) has long been known from the coasts of northern Europe. It has been recorded from as far north as the Trondheim Fjord in Norway (Norman, 1893), south to Skibbereen in Ireland (Allman, 1845) and on the French coast (Gollien, 1929). Therefore, it has been of con­ siderable interest to us to find well-established populations of an Alderia in two localities on the central Californian coast. Through the kindness of Monsieur G. Van Put of the Royal Institute of Natural Sciences of Belgium in Brussels and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Options for an Olympic Coast Ocean Acidification Sentinel Site (Oases)
    Exploring Options for an Olympic Coast Ocean Acidification Sentinel Site (OASeS) Workshop Proceedings September 2016 Contents Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Olympic Coast ............................................................................................................................ 1 Ocean Acidification .................................................................................................................... 1 Ocean Acidification Sentinel Site (OASeS) Workshop Background ......................................... 2 Workshop Goals.......................................................................................................................... 3 Panel Discussion Summaries .......................................................................................................... 3 Science in National Marine Sanctuaries and OCNMS ............................................................... 3 i. i.Panelists: Steve Giddings, Liam Atrim, Scott Noakes, Lee Whitford Partners and Activities ................................................................................................................ 5 i. Panelists: Libby Jewett, Jan Newton, Richard Feely, Steve Fradkin, Paul McElhany, Joe Shumacker Education and Communication ................................................................................................... 7 i. Panelists: Laura Francis, Christopher Krembs, Jacqueline Laverdure, Angie
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Variability in Recruitment of an Infaunal Bivalve
    Spatial Variability in Recruitment of an Infaunal Bivalve: Experimental Effects of Predator Exclusion on the Softshell Clam (Mya arenaria L.) along Three Tidal Estuaries in Southern Maine, USA Author(s): Brian F. Beal, Chad R. Coffin, Sara F. Randall, Clint A. Goodenow Jr., Kyle E. Pepperman, Bennett W. Ellis, Cody B. Jourdet and George C. Protopopescu Source: Journal of Shellfish Research, 37(1):1-27. Published By: National Shellfisheries Association https://doi.org/10.2983/035.037.0101 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2983/035.037.0101 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1–27, 2018. SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN RECRUITMENT OF AN INFAUNAL BIVALVE: EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS OF PREDATOR EXCLUSION ON THE SOFTSHELL CLAM (MYA ARENARIA L.) ALONG THREE TIDAL ESTUARIES IN SOUTHERN MAINE, USA 1,2 3 2 3 BRIAN F.
    [Show full text]
  • Siliqua Patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Flat Razor Clam Family: Pharidae
    Phylum: Mollusca Siliqua patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida The flat razor clam Family: Pharidae Taxonomy: The familial designation of this (see Plate 397G, Coan and Valentich-Scott species has changed frequently over time. 2007). Previously in the Solenidae, current intertidal Body: (see Plate 29 Ricketts and Calvin guides include S. patula in the Pharidae (e.g., 1952; Fig 259 Kozloff 1993). Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). The superfamily Solenacea includes infaunal soft Color: bottom dwelling bivalves and contains the two Interior: (see Fig 5, Pohlo 1963). families: Solenidae and Pharidae (= Exterior: Cultellidae, von Cosel 1993) (Remacha- Byssus: Trivino and Anadon 2006). In 1788, Dixon Gills: described S. patula from specimens collected Shell: The shell in S. patula is thin and with in Alaska (see Range) and Conrad described sharp (i.e., razor-like) edges and a thin profile the same species, under the name Solen (Fig. 4). Thin, long, fragile shell (Ricketts and nuttallii from specimens collected in the Calvin 1952), with gapes at both ends Columbia River in 1838 (Weymouth et al. (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). Shell smooth 1926). These names were later inside and out (Dixon 1789), elongate, rather synonymized, thus known synonyms for cylindrical and the length is about 2.5 times Siliqua patula include Solen nuttallii, the width. Solecurtus nuttallii. Occasionally, researchers Interior: Prominent internal vertical also indicate a subspecific epithet (e.g., rib extending from beak to margin (Haderlie Siliqua siliqua patula) or variations (e.g., and Abbott 1980). Siliqua patula var. nuttallii, based on rib Exterior: Both valves are similar and morphology, see Possible gape at both ends.
    [Show full text]
  • Embryonic and Larval Development of Ensis Arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) (Bivalvia: Pharidae)
    EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF ENSIS ARCUATUS (JEFFREYS, 1865) (BIVALVIA: PHARIDAE) FIZ DA COSTA, SUSANA DARRIBA AND DOROTEA MARTI´NEZ-PATIN˜O Centro de Investigacio´ns Marin˜as, Consellerı´a de Pesca e Asuntos Marı´timos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 94, 27700 Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain (Received 5 December 2006; accepted 19 November 2007) ABSTRACT The razor clam Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) is distributed from Norway to Spain and along the British coast, where it lives buried in sand in low intertidal and subtidal areas. This work is the first study to research the embryology and larval development of this species of razor clam, using light and scanning electron microscopy. A new method, consisting of changing water levels using tide simulations with brief Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mollus/article/74/2/103/1161011 by guest on 23 September 2021 dry periods, was developed to induce spawning in this species. The blastula was the first motile stage and in the gastrula stage the vitelline coat was lost. The shell field appeared in the late gastrula. The trocho- phore developed by about 19 h post-fertilization (hpf) (198C). At 30 hpf the D-shaped larva showed a developed digestive system consisting of a mouth, a foregut, a digestive gland followed by an intestine and an anus. Larvae spontaneously settled after 20 days at a length of 378 mm. INTRODUCTION following families: Mytilidae (Redfearn, Chanley & Chanley, 1986; Fuller & Lutz, 1989; Bellolio, Toledo & Dupre´, 1996; Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) is the most abundant species of Hanyu et al., 2001), Ostreidae (Le Pennec & Coatanea, 1985; Pharidae in Spain.
    [Show full text]