DOCSLIB.ORG

N\~G\\~\' Am)Ricautafricanlstudies Unl Versl Y O:R '1'0 Ed'o .~ 21 University Hall (2100) 2801 Bancrof~Ave6· Toledo, 0 H ~360

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
N\~G\\~\' Am)Ricautafricanlstudies Unl Versl Y O:R '1'0 Ed'o .~ 21 University Hall (2100) 2801 Bancrof~Ave6· Toledo, 0 H ~360 " AFRAM newservices REPRINTS 271 West 125 St., #310 Village of Harlem, NY 10027-4424 Brutha Abdul AlkaljmatAmerican African studies N\~G\\~\' Am)ricaUtAfricanlstudies Unl verSl y o:r '1'0 ed'o .~ 21 university Hall (2100) 2801 Bancrof~Ave6· Toledo, 0 H ~360 Haven't forgotten about you. Brother Malcolm and our plight won't allow iJ to happen. :::~:::;6i:.;:::'"··}-~::~::28 LluiuHHBHH1!!tUHHHH.Hu!LHHLHUHuHll!:H '", Deares t AFRAMily Melfv}~: 5/10/00 Many. of· you had b~en advi~'ld by TIle that Twas. to undergo a Biopsy Surglcal Explor2_tlon re: 1JIO s trate Cancer. 'I 'have be-~n '8n a- capsul a day for, perhaps,the pa~t four years. ' My only son, David, accompanied IT-::> - as is required for Ambula­ tory Suggery. He aided me pSy"Chologic2lly, spiritually ml, praye2 fully in preparing for the future - good news; bad uews, etc. As I sat with him, Italked about my childhood of having been raiSE on Harlem st. in Your..gstown, 0 E a:r;d the Village nature of the relationships CD that one block long eytended family; 7 Blacks, L~ whites. My granc.par--nts on my mother's side resided on the a. SaMe block. My granhnother Wei,S, like the Queen Mother ()fJil the block. She could ,qet anvbod-v credit at Grf;enblat's store ever~ though she didh't ~ave the m;~ey to pay, if required. She was Royalty. e fo r c~ 1,- ~1..:J t' " W'-' U 1 -ller ,:eat:- 0:r: ne Ll ~lng Room Couch on Xmas Day, 1936 w~e~ we went ~o lDvlte her ~o our house for breakfast and festi­ vltles. She was Mattie Fitzpatrick Rousseau. Her husband, Bud Rousseau and I spent a great deal of time together. He was watching me practise basketball - u~ing a rubber ball and a buck: -~ w~en I 100k8d over and h~washa~ing a stroke! I carried his t bible to church every Sl.lr~day ~ , - , I shared lliuch rr~cre _with. David who'- s eem?d to have '"3. keen interes t in the roots of his today's achievement. But, after dressing for the surgery, it turns out that I had not takeU_l a Chest X-Ray, a Urine Test, an Electro cardiograph test (Heart) and a :3loocTest. Th:-:.refore the Surgery - for which I now emotionally, prepared was postponed until 7:30 A.M7 Tues., May 30, 2000- 28 days later - to wait, worry, etc. Naturally, I was pissed but David stepped in, to~k over, met my Dr. - while I COi<L8C~ • ~he whits man would have us ed an 'Amos n Andy' episode to describe it, partirularJy, after .they dis­ covered that the above traditionally - required tests had not been givven. David was heading off to orlando, FL to a Black Enterprise Entreprenmers Conference He C2,lled GwynEe, Liana and Susan on his portable phone to tell them of the delay 0 /l / . k, [/ Continue to PRAY for yourself and Me! Dlg It. f. ~'v 5/10/00 q?O(~ AJc6lh~UG ~52·~ p)jj)}J rVfj-1ft I , " , FORTY LIVES FOR FREEDOM n the Civil Rights Memorial are in~cribed the names of 40 people who lost their those who, in the sacrifice of their own lives, brought anew awareness of the struggle to O lives in the struggle for freedom between 1954 and 1968. people all over the,wo.rld. " . They include those who were targeted for death because of their civil'rights activities;, Thechr~mology below briefly describes their lives anc.i liSts the key events of the those who were random victims of yigilantes determined to halt the movement; and movement. ' - . ' ' 1954 ENFORCE SCHOOL DESEGRE­ IN SCHOOLHOUSE DOOR TO JULY 2,1964 1966 .' GATION - lITTLE ROCK, AR STOP UNIVERSITY INTEGRATION PRESIDENT JOHNSON SIGNS MAY 17,1954 SAMUEL LEAMON: YOUNGE JR., CIVil RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 Sl.JPREME,COURIOUTLAWS 1959 MEDGAREVERS, who directed a student civil rights activist, was ' SCHOOL SEGREGATION IN NAACP operatkms in Mississippi, LT. COL. LEMUEL PENN, a Wash­ fatally shot by a white gas station BROWN VS. BOARD OF MACK CHARLES PARKER, 23, was. was leading a campaign for integra~ ington, D.C., educator, was driving owner following an argument over EDUCATION accused of raping a white woman. tion in Jackson when he was shot , home from U.S. Army Reserves , ' segregafed restrooms. ' Three days before his case was set for and killed by a sniper at.his home. Jraining when he.was shot and killed 'J~ARY 3; 196~ 1955 trial, a masked mob took him from JUNE 12,1963 ' . by Klansmen ill a passing car. Tuskegee;Alab~a ; his jail cell, beat him, shot him, and Jackson, Mississippi JULY 11, 1964 ' ' REV. GEORGE LEE, one o'f the first , , VERNON FERDINAND DAHMER, threw him in the Pearl River. Colbert, Georgia black peopl~registered to vote in AUGUST 28,1963 'Wealthy businessman; Qffered to , APRIL 25,1959 a Humphreys County, used his pulpit 250,000 AMERICANS MARCH, pay poll taxesJor-Qiose ~ho 'couldn't POlllarville, Mississippi ·1965 and his pripting press to urge others ON \\(ASHINGTON FOR CIVil afford-the fee reqO,k~dto_vote,Tl1e to vote. White officials offered Lee 1960· RIGHTS JIMMIE LEE' JACKSON was beaten night afte~ a,J!ldlo'~tatlon broad~- , protecti~m on the condition he 'end and shot by'state troopers as he tried cast~tD;h~;r~ ~ff~r, his home wa,s ADDIE MAE COLLINS,DENISE his voter registration efforts,but Lee FEBRUARY 1, 1960 to protect his grandfather and mother' firebombed. Dahmer died later frem ' McNAIR, CAROLE ROBERTSON refused ancJ. was murdered. BLACK STUDENTS STAGE SIT-IN from a trooper attack on civil rights severe burns. and CYNTHIA WESLEY were get­ MAY 7, 1955 AT 'WHITES ONLY' LUNCH marchers. His death led to the Selma­ JANUARY 10, 1966 ting ready for church services when a Belzoni, Mississippi COUNTER - GREENSBORO, NC Montgomery ma.rch and the eventual Hatt;iesburg, Mississippi bomb exploded at the Sixteenth passage of the Voting Rights Act. LAMAR SMITH was shot dead on DECEMBER 5, 1960 , Street Baptist Church, killing all four BEN CHESTER WHITE, who had FEBRUARY 26,1965 the courthouse lawn by a white man . SUPREME COURT OUTlAWS ofthe school-age girls. The church , worked most of his life as a caretaker Marion, Alabama in broad daylight while dozens of SEGREGATION IN BUS had been a center for ciyil rights on a plantation, had no involvement people watched. The killer was never TERMINALS meetings and marches. MARCH 7, 1965 in civil rights work. He was murdered indicted because no one would SEPTEMBER 15,1963 ' STATE TROOPERS BEAT BACK bYKlansmeri who thought they could admit they saw a white man shoot a 1961 Birmingham, Alabama, MARCHERS AT EDMUND' divert attention from a civil rights black man. Smith had organized PETTUS BRIDGE - SELMA, AL , march 'by killing a black person. MAY 14,1961 VIRGIL LAMAR WARE, 13, was blacks to vote ina recent electio~. JUNE 10, 1966 FREEDOM RIDERS ATTACKED riding on the handlebars of his REV. JAMES REEB, a Unitarian AUGUST 13, 1955 Natchez, Mississippi IN ALABAMA WHILE TESTING brother's bicycle when he was fatally minister from Boston, was among Brookhaven" Mississippi COMPLIANCE WITH BUS shot by white teen-agers. The white many white clergymen who joined CLARENCE TRIGGS was a brick­ EMMETT LOUIS TILL, a 14-year­ DESEGREGATION LAWS youths had come from a segregation­ the Selma marchers after the attack layer who had attended civil rights oM boy on vacation from Chicago, ist rally held in the aftermath of the by state troopers at the Edmund meetings sponsored by_ the Congress HERBERT LEE, who worked with reportedly flirted with a white Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Pettus Bridge. Reeb was beaten to of Racial Equality. He was found civil rights leader Bob Moses to help woman in a store. That night, two bombing. death by white men while he walked dead on a roadside, shot through the register black voters, was killed bra men took Till from his bed, beat SEPTEMBER 15, 1963 down a Selma street. head. state legislator who claimed self­ him, shot him, and dumped his body . Birmingham, Alabama MARCH 11, 1965 JULY 30, 1966 defense and was never arrested. Louis in the Tallahatchie River. An all- Selma, Alabama Bogalusa, Louisiana Allen, a black man who witnessed white jury found the men innocent 1964 the murder, was later also killed. MARCH 2~, 1965 of murder. 1967 SEPTEMBER 25,1961 JANUARY.23, 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS MARCH FROM AUGUST 28, )955 Liberty, Mississippi POll TAX OUTlAWED IN . SELMA TO MONTGOMERY WHMLEST JACKSON,'the treasur­ Money, Mississippi FEDERAL ELECTIONS COMPLETED er of his local NAACF chapter, was JOHN EARL REESE, 16, was dancing one of many blacks who received 1962 LOUIS ALLEN, who witnessed tIie' VIOLA GREGG LIUZZO, a house­ in a cafe when white men fired shots threatening Klan notices at his job. APRIL 1, 1962 murder of civil rights workerHer~ wife and mother from Detroit, drove into the windows. Reese was killed After Jackson was promoted to a CIVil RIGHTS GROUPS JOIN bert Lee, endured years of threats, alone to Alabama to help with the and tWo others were wounded. The position previously reserved for FORCES TO LAUNCH VOTER jailings and harassment. He was Selma march after seeing televised shootings were part of an attempt by whites, a bomb was planted in his REGISTRATION DRIVE making final arrangements to mo~e reports of the attack at the Edmund whites to terrorize blacks into giving car. It exploded minutes after he left North on the day he was kille:i.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Architect Nationally Recognized at BEYA-STEM Conference Inside This Issue
    April 2014 Vol. 6, Issue 1 THE MOBILE Architect nationally recognized at BEYA-STEM Conference Inside this issue... Vol. 6, Issue 1 April 04, 2014 COVER STORY Click Here! Commander Col. Jon Chytka Deputy Commander Lt. Col. Thomas Nelson Public Affairs Offi cer E. Patrick Robbins Deputy PAO Lisa Parker Public Affairs Specialist Lorraine Evans Writer-Editor Lance Davis THE MOBILE is an unoffi cial, bi-monthly publication autho- rized under AR 360-1; designed via desktop publishing; and distributed electronically the fi rst Friday of every other month by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mobile District Public Affairs Offi ce. Story ideas, news tips and letters to the editor are welcomed. Editorial views and opinions expressed are not neces- sarily those of the U.S. Department of the Army or U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Please contact the Public Affairs Offi ce: PHONE: 251-690-2505 COVER STORY PHOTO CUTLINE: Lt. Gen. Thomas Bostick, FAX: 251-690-2185 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Commanding General and Chief EMAIL: [email protected] of Engineers, presented Tymon Wallace, an architect in Mobile Address mail to: District’s Engineering Division, with a Special Recognition Award U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mobile District Public Affairs Offi ce for his successful work in the fi eld of Science, Technology, Engi- Attention: Editor neering & Math at the 28th Annual BEYA-STEM Conference held P.O. Box 2288 Mobile, AL 36628-0001 Feb. 8 in Washington. Photo courtesy of Career Communications Group, Inc. THE MOBILE SOCSOUTH opens new headquarters facility built to withstand hurricanes Story by Joseph Armstrong, Construction Division & Lance Davis, Public Affairs Offi ce The Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH) held a ribbon cutting ceremony Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • A a HISTORY of the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT and THOSE WHO DIED in the STRUGGLE
    ' . .. PUBLJSJ!ED BY TllE CIVJl RIGt-iTS Eoucxn oN PROJECT ' \; THE SouTJ 1ER\ PovERW LAw CENTER , .t_ ' .' ." .. ~ ' I• . ' .... } ' ' <J,' ' '" "'. ~' . ' • '• .. -,, <.... '' •' . ., " ,. '. J a A HISTORY OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND THOSE WHO DIED IN THE STRUGGLE I 1' . ' STAFF: Executive Editor: Sara Bullard Civil Rights History Editor: Julian Bond Manuscript Editors: ). Ri chard Cohen Steve Fiffer Design Director: Susan Hulme/ \Xlright One day the South In Montgome1y, Alabama, groundswell of suppon from in 1989, a memorial was built ordina1y people who had Senior Researcher: will recognize its Joseph T Roy Sr. to commemorate the achieve­ never before been politically real heroes. ments of the civil rights era involved. Researchers: and to honor those who died The actions of politicia Jeff Richburg -Martin Luther King Jr., in Charles Blevins "Lette r From Birmillgham City J ail" during that struggl e. A few of and judges helped speed the Ca thy Lane the victims were well known transformation that occurred Nancy Britnell Barbara Blank - Medgar Evers, Martin Luther during those 14 yea rs. But it King Jr. - but there were was the courage of people Ii Pre-Production Manager many whose names you cou ld \Xfha rlest Jackson w ho lost Betty Pmvell not find in the histo1y books: their lives in the struggle that Proofreader: John Earl Reese, Willie made that transformation Gayle Brya nt Edwards, Clarence Triggs. inevitable. Along with a histo1y of Some of these ma1tyrs the civil rights movement, the were not killed because of stories of those who died are anything they personally did. told here. Their lives serve as but because they represented.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching the Movement: the State of Civil Rights
    teaching tolerance tolerance.org A Time for Justice america’s civil rights movement TEACHER’S GRADES GUIDE 6-12 INCLUDES five lesson plans with student handouts S UPPORTS meaningful learning & critical literacy MEETS content standards in U.S. history, civics & Common Core standards in English language arts Contents Introduction . 3 Glossary . 4 Resources . 5 Standards . 6 LESSON 1 A Time for Justice . 8 LESSON 2 Nonviolence . 12 LESSON 3 Facing Resistance . 17 LESSON 4 Victories . 22 LESSON 5 The Work That Remains . 24 Acknowlegments . 33 AKE STOCK T © 1976 MATT HERRON/ © 1976 MATT teaching tolerance tolerance.org Introduction It has been more than half a century since many of the major events of the modern civil rights movement . For today’s students—and some of their teachers—it can seem like ancient history . But the civil rights movement transformed the country . Through the persistent use of nonviolent strategies—including marches, court cases, boycotts and civil disobedience—brave black and white Americans joined forces to pursue the legal equality that the Constitution guarantees to all persons . This teaching guide provides lessons and materials about the modern civil rights movement—from the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision in which the Su- preme Court ruled school segregation unconstitutional, and the passage, in 1965, of the Voting Rights Act . The unit encourages students to imagine what life was like in the Jim Crow South, to understand why so many people were willing to risk their lives to change it, and to explore how they went about doing so . This teaching guide has five lessons: A Time for Justice This lesson uses Teaching Tolerance’s award-winning film A Time for Justice to provide an overview of key events in the modern movement for African-American equality .
    [Show full text]
  • MLK/BLM Shabbat
    MLK BLM SHABBAT FRIDAY, JANUARY 15TH, 2021 HONORING OUR PAST BUILDING FOR OUR FUTURE YITGADAL MAGNIFIED ִי ְת ַּג ַ ּדל .DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR CASEY GOODSON JR. V’YITKADASH AND SANCTIFIED ְו ִי ְת ַק ַ ּד ׁש .SAMUEL HAMMOND JR TONY MCDADE IS THE GREAT NAME OF GOD SH’MEI RABA ׁ ְש ֵמ ּה ַר ָּבא DELANO MIDDLETON ,B’ALMA THROUGHOUT THE WORLD ְּב ָע ְל ֒ ָ ֽמא DION JOHNSON HENRY SMITH WHICH WAS CREATED DI V’RA ִ ּדי־ ְב ָרא GEORGE FLOYD BENJAMIN BROWN ACCORDING TO DIVINE WILL. ;CHIR’UTEI ִכ ְרעוּ ֵת ּה AIDEN ELLISON MAY THE RULE OF PEACE V’YAMLICH ְויַ ְמ ִלי ְך WHARLEST JACKSON BREONNA TAYLOR BE ESTABLISHED SPEEDILY MALCHUTEI ַמ ְלכוּ ֵת ּה CLARENCE TRIGGS IN OUR TIME, B’HAYEICHON ְּב ַחיֵּיכ ֹון MANUEL ELLIS BEN CHESTER WHITE UNTO US AND UNTO U-V’YOMEICHON, .THE ENTIRE HOUSEHOLD OF ISRAEL וּ ְבי ֹו ֵמיכ ֹון QUAWAN CHARLES SAMUEL LEAMON YOUNG UV’HAYEI ּ .AND LET US SAY: AMEN וּ ְב ַחיֵי .WALTER WALLACE JR D’CHOL BEIT YISRAEL, MAY GOD’S GREAT NAME BE PRAISED ְד ָכל־ ֵּבית ִי ְ ׂש ָר ֵאל WILLIE BREWSTER JONATHAN PRICE .BA-AGALA THROUGHOUT ALL ETERNITY ַּב ֲע ָג ָלא ONEAL MOORE U-VI-Z’MAN KARIV, GLORIFIED וּ ִב ְז ַמן ָק ִריב DIJON KIZZEE JIMMIE LEE JACKSON ,V’IMRU AMEN. AND CELEBRATED ְו ִא ְמרוּ ָא ֵמן DAMIAN DANIELS LT. COL. LEMUEL PENN Y’HEI SH’MEI RABA M’VARACH LAUDED ְ ְי ֵהא ׁ ְש ֵמ ּה ַר ָּבא ְמ ָב ַרך ANTHONY MCCLAIN ,L’ALAM U-L’ALMEI ALMAYA.
    [Show full text]
  • Sitting Down to Stand up for Democracy
    Sitting Down To Stand Up For Democracy Overview Students will evaluate the actions of various citizens during the Civil Rights Movement and how their actions brought about changes for society (then and now) through the examination of poetry, biographies, speeches, photographs, historical events, and civil rights philosophies. Grade 8 North Carolina Essential Standards for 8th Grade • 8.H.1: Apply historical thinking to understand the creation and development of North Carolina and the United States. • 8.H.2.1: Explain the impact of economic, political, social, and military conflicts (e.g. war, slavery, states’ rights and citizenship and immigration policies) on the development of North Carolina and the United States • 8.H.2.2: Summarize how leadership and citizen actions influenced the outcome of key conflicts in North Carolina and the United States. • 8.H.3.3: Explain how individuals and groups have influenced economic, political and social change in North Carolina and the United States. • 8.C&G.1.4: Analyze access to democratic rights and freedoms among various groups in North Carolina and the United States • 8.C&G.2.1: Evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches used to effect change in North Carolina and the United States • 8.C&G.2.2: Analyze issues pursued through active citizen campaigns for change • 8.C&G.2.3: Explain the impact of human and civil rights issues throughout North Carolina and United States history • 8.C.1.3: Summarize the contributions of particular groups to the development of North Carolina and the United States Essential Questions • In what ways were African Americans deprived of equality during the Jim Crow Era? • In what ways did citizens and engaged community members work to bring about change during the Civil Rights Movement? • Evaluate the effectiveness and/or ineffectiveness of legislation in regards to eQual rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Petitions Library Mortar Board Member Gathers Signatures to Protest Reduced Number of Hours by Darin Powell Fall Change," Be Said
    ROTC simulates New restaurant, Mirage, s hostage crisis ............. becomes a reality ~. f page9 page 2 • II--IE EVIEWA FOUR-STAR ALL-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER Task force Police install aims to stop drug sexual crime hot line By Raetynn Tlbayan rape crisis center, and stated the Staff Reporter necessity or a paid coordina&or. The Anonymous tips posilion would include a minimum may help officials The Solutions to Sexual salary of$26,000. Violence Task Force (SSVTF) The third recommendation was track offenders issued a re.port Wednesday giving the development <lf new lhree reeommendalions 10 combat educational programs and By Chrtstlna Rinaldi the problems of sexual violence on awareness campaigns, such as an Stall Reporter campus, a wk force official said annual Rape Awareness Week. The Friday. week would include several A new drug-tip hot line will be Following a two-month effort 10 speakers, workshops and used by Delaware police 10 help develop solutions to sexual brochures, costing about $19,000. gain information about the seDing violence against women, SSVTF, a Included in the budget would be and abuse of illegal drugs, said sub-commiltee of the Commission about $2 I ,000 allocated for Capt. Charles Townsend of the on the Status of Women, called for materials to educate incoming Wilming&on Police. more university interaction with students and their parents. Wh is ties The hot line, 1-800-HAS-DRUG, the S.O.S. rope crisis cenlet and for would be given 10 all females and which opened Wednesday, is open students to stop "an increasing buttons saying "Men Against 24 hours a day, seven days a week problem," said Liane M.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Legislative Journal
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 2012 SESSION OF 2012 196TH OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY No. 16 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SENATE MESSAGE The House convened at 10 a.m., e.d.t. AMENDED HOUSE BILL RETURNED FOR CONCURRENCE AND THE SPEAKER (SAMUEL H. SMITH) REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON RULES PRESIDING The clerk of the Senate, being introduced, returned HB 424, PRAYER PN 3197, with information that the Senate has passed the same with amendment in which the concurrence of the House of The SPEAKER. The prayer will be offered by the Reverend Representatives is requested. Jake Lee, Trinity Wesleyan Church, from Allentown, Pennsylvania. SENATE MESSAGE REV. JAKE LEE, Guest Chaplain of the House of HOUSE BILL Representatives, offered the following prayer: CONCURRED IN BY SENATE Let us pray together: The clerk of the Senate, being introduced, returned HB 1355, Heavenly Father, we are blessed by Your presence, amazed PN 1584, with information that the Senate has passed the same by Your grace, and dependent upon Your strength for each day. without amendment. We praise You for Your abundant provision and are forever grateful for Your sustaining love. Forgive us when we forsake the blessings that have been granted to us, and may we make it BILL SIGNED BY SPEAKER our holy ambition to glorify You as we offer our lives in Bill numbered and entitled as follows having been prepared devoted service. We pray for one another with confidence that for presentation to the Governor, and the same being correct, the You hear repented hearts and respond to those who humbly seek title was publicly read as follows: You, obey You, and live by Your wisdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Motivations for Advantaged Group Members to Engage in Action for the Disadvantaged Group
    Article Personality and Social Psychology Review 2020, Vol. 24(4) 291-315 Beyond Allyship: Motivations ª 2020 by the Society for Personality for Advantaged Group Members and Social Psychology, Inc Article reuse guidelines: to Engage in Action for sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1088868320918698 Disadvantaged Groups pspr.sagepub.com Helena R. M. Radke1, Maja Kutlaca2,3, Birte Siem4, Stephen C. Wright5, and Julia C. Becker2 Abstract White Americans who participate in the Black Lives Matter movement, men who attended the Women’s March, and people from the Global North who work to reduce poverty in the Global South—advantaged group members (sometimes referred to as allies) often engage in action for disadvantaged groups. Tensions can arise, however, over the inclusion of advantaged group members in these movements, which we argue can partly be explained by their motivations to participate. We propose that advantaged group members can be motivated to participate in these movements (a) to improve the status of the disadvantaged group, (b) on the condition that the status of their own group is maintained, (c) to meet their own personal needs, and (d) because this behavior aligns with their moral beliefs. We identify potential antecedents and behavioral outcomes associated with these motivations before describing the theoretical contribution our article makes to the psychological literature. Keywords social change, allies, motivations, collective action, protest In 1963, William Lewis Moore, a White man from Balti- Moreover, the research that does exist tends to represent more, planned to walk from Chattanooga to Jackson in a advantaged group members who take action in support of protest against segregation.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern U.S. Civil Rights Movement Sites
    MODERN U.S. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT SITES LOCATION SITE NAME ADDRESS GPS COORDINATES Alabama Anniston Freedom Riders National Monument / 1031 Gurnee Avenue N 33°39'29" W 85°49'52" Greyhound Bus Station Bessemer Canaan Baptist Church 824 15th Street N N 33°24'07" W 86°57'51" Birmingham A.G. Gaston Motel 1510 5th Avenue N N 33° 30’56” W 86°48’53” Birmingham Angela Davis House 1 11th Court N N 33°52'22" W 86°83'58" Birmingham Bethel Baptist Church 3233, 3232, 3236 29th Avenue N N 33°33'05" W 86°48'07" Birmingham Birmingham-Easonian Baptist Bible College 630 Ishkooda Road SW N 33°27'51" W 86°52'23" Birmingham East End Baptist Church 2609 6th Avenue S N 33°30’40” W 86°47’30” Birmingham First Baptist Church, Kingston 4240 9th Avenue N N 33°32’26” W 86°46’25” Birmingham First Ebenezer Baptist Church 420 Graymont Avenue N N 33°30'42" W 86°49’44" Birmingham Greyhound Bus Station 699 19th Street N N 33°31'10" W 86°48’39" Birmingham John N. and Addine Drew House 1108 Center Street N N 33°52'14" W 86°83'88" Birmingham Kelly Ingram Park 5th Avenue N & 16th Street N 33°30'59" W 86°48'48" Birmingham Lawson State Community College 3060 Wilson Road SW N 33°27'02" W 86°53'21" Birmingham Mount Ararat Baptist Church 2001 Slayden Avenue N 33°31'05" W 86°54’26" Birmingham New Pilgrim Baptist Church 903 Sixth Avenue S N 33°29’60” W 86°48'55" Birmingham New Rising Star Baptist Church 3104 33rd Place N N 33°33'16" W 86°47’59" Birmingham Old Sardis Baptist Church 1240 4th Street N N 33°31'32" W 86°49’48" Birmingham Peace Baptist Church 302 Sixth Street N N 33°30'27" W 86°49'37" Birmingham Shady Grove Baptist Church 3444 31st Way N N 33°33'37" W 86°48'14" Birmingham Sixteenth Street Baptist Church 1530 6th Avenue N N 33°31'01" W 86°48’54" Birmingham Southside City Jail 425 6th Avenue S N 33°29’48” W 86°49’19” Birmingham St.
    [Show full text]
  • Rubén Rumbaut Re: Speak Memory! Milestones in the Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)
    To: Soc 63, SocSci 70A, Soc 264 Fr: Rubén Rumbaut Re: Speak Memory! Milestones in the Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968) I saw the film "Selma" over the weekend, and recommend it to you all. (I would also recommend Lawrence O'Donnell's 1/8/15 short take, "'Selma': History, Film and Truth.") May the film move you to deepen your understanding of history... of the extraordinary struggles of fellow human beings for dignity, freedom and fairness... of the campaigns of civil resistance and nonviolent protest and civil disobedience that framed the movement to end racial segregation and Jim Crow American Apartheid... and to learn about and remember especially those young and old who lost their lives to the savage depredations of a system of caste oppression and insufferable inequities. Here are some short informative entries to that end (to go along with our first supplementary reading assignment, Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963), on the week marking his birthday and annual national remembrance): 1954-1968 Civil Rights Movement • http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/African- American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955-1968) • http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyes_on_the_Prize May 1954 Brown v. Board of Education August 1955 The murder of Emmett Till • American Experience, PBS film: The Murder of Emmett Till • Antecedents: Lynchings and white supremacy in US • Lynchings that inspired "Strange Fruit" • Billie Holiday and "Strange Fruit" December 1955-December 1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957 The Little Rock Nine (desegregating Little
    [Show full text]
  • In Gadsden's Depression-Era Political Environment
    University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2014 The Discursive Commons: The Establishment, "Outside Agitators," And "Communist Subversives" In Gadsden's Depression-Era Political Environment John Disque Agricola University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Agricola, John Disque, "The Discursive Commons: The Establishment, "Outside Agitators," And "Communist Subversives" In Gadsden's Depression-Era Political Environment" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 883. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/883 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DISCURSIVE COMMONS: THE ESTABLSIHMENT, “OUTSIDE AGITATORS,” AND “COMMUNIST SUBVERSIVES” IN GADSDEN’S DEPRESSION-ERA POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Southern Studies The University of Mississippi by JOHN AGRICOLA May 2014 Copyright John Agricola 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This thesis addresses a turbulent and often violent political environment in Gadsden, Alabama during the Great Depression. Using a theoretical construct called the discursive commons my analysis suggests how very particular ideas such as the trope of the outside agitator, and the idea of the communist radical, were used by the establishment to incite violence against United Rubber Workers union organizers who came to Gadsden to enlist members in the 1930s and early 1940s. It is my contention that these discursive formations had affective power over the people who committed acts of violence against their own class interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Document
    U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legi ... lath e Affair ... SEP 23 2011 The Honorable Joseph R. Bidell, Jr. Presi dent Pro Tempore United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear Mr. President : Enclosed please find a report to Congress about the Department's activities regarding civil rights era homicides, as requi red by the Emmell Till Unsolved Civil Rights Cri mes Act of 2007. Sincerely. Ronald Weich Assistant Attomey General Enclosure THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S THIRD ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACT OF 2007 AUGUST 2011 -2­ INTRODUCTION This report is submitted pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act of 2007 ("The Till Act"). I This third Department ofJustice ('"001" or "Oepartmenf') Report is updated with the Department's activities in the year since the second report2 and summarizes prior Department activities in order to present a comprehensive picture ofthe Department 's eITorts regarding unsolved civil rights murders predating December 31,1969. Section I of the Report gives a history of the Department's civil rights cold case work and provides an overview of the factual and legal chall enges we face in our ongoing efforts to prosecute unsolved civil rights era homicides. Since the last report, Department attorneys and FBI agents worked with local official s to bring a successful state prosecution: participated in a local grand jury investigation with a fed eral prosecutor cross-designated as a deputy di strict attorney; success fully defended one ofour federal co nvictions on appellate review; interviewed potential witnesses; and reviewed thousands of pages ofdocuments, files, news accounts, and evi dence.
    [Show full text]