MALAYSIAN STATISTICS ON MEDICINES 2007 Edited by: Faridah AMY, Sivasampu S, Lian LM, Hazimah H, Kok LC, Chinniah RJ With contributions from Lian LM, Tang RY, Hafizh AA, Hazimah H, Gan HH, Kok LC, Leow AY, Lim JY, Thoo S, Hoo LP, Faridah AMY, Lim TO, Sivasampu S, Nour Hanah O, Fatimah AR, Nadia Fareeda MG, Goh A, Rosaida MS, Menon J, Radzi H, Yung CL, Michelle Tan HP, Yip KF, Chinniah RJ, Khutrun Nada Z, Masni M, Sri Wahyu T, Jalaludin MY, Leow NCW, Norafidah I, G R Letchuman R, Fuziah MZ, Mastura I, Sukumar R, Yong SL, Lim YX, Yap PK, Lim YS, Sujatha S, Goh AS, Chang KM, Wong SP, Omar I, Alan Fong YY, David Quek KL, Feisul IM, Long MS, Christopher Ong WM, Ghazali Ahmad, Abdul Rashid Abdul Rahman, Hooi LS, Khoo EM, Sunita Bavanandan, Nur Salima Shamsudin, Puteri Juanita Zamri, Sim KH, Wan Azman WA, Abdul Kahar AG, Faridah Y, Sahimi M, Haarathi C, Nirmala J, Azura MA, Asmah J, Rohna R, Choon SE, Roshidah B, Hasnah Z, Wong CW, Noorsidah MY, Sim HY, J Ravindran, Nik Nasri, Ghazali I, Wan Abu Bakar, Tham SW, J Ravichandran, Zaridah S, W Zahanim WY, Intan SS, Tan AL, Malek R, Sothilingam S, Syarihan S, Foo LK, Low KS, Janet YH Hong, Tan ATB, Lim PC, Loh YF, Nor Azizah, Sim BLH, Mohd Daud CY, Sameerah SAR, Muhd Nazri, Cheng JT, Lai J, Rahela AK, Lim GCC, Azura D, Rosminah MD, Kamarun MK, Nor Saleha IT, Tajunisah ME, Wong HS, Rosnawati Yahya, Manjulaa DS, Norrehan Abdullah, H Hussein, H Hussain, Salbiah MS, Muhaini O, Low YL, Beh PK, Cardosa MS, Choy YC, Lim RBL, Lee AW, Choo YM, Sapiah S, Fatimah SA, Norsima NS, Jenny TCN, Hanip R, Siti Nor Aizah A, Azizul A, Mazni MJ, Umi Adzlin S, Vincent WCW, Noor Ratna N, Shamini R, Asriyati M, Razak AM, Pang YK, How SH, Roslina AM, Nurul AO, Sabrina MS, Jaya R, Thean CH, Aziah AM, Liam CK, Valuyeetham KA, Saraiza AB, Noraini S, Tengku Malini TMN, Lui WQ, Primuharsa Putra SHA, Tara G, Goh PP, Radzlian O, Shamala R, Choong CL, Tang SY, Saraswati KM A publication of the Pharmaceutical Services Division and the Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia MALAYSIAN STATISTICS ON MEDICINES 2007 October 2010 PREFACE © Ministry of Health Malaysia Published jointly by: Ensuring access to quality and affordable medicines is an important objective of Malaysia’s National Medicines Policy. The National Medicines Use THE NATIONAL MEDICINES USE SURVEY Survey (NMUS) was conducted with the intent to continuously and systematically collect data on medicines in the hope to further improve their use Clinical Research Centre, as well as to provide a tool for better decision making in the allocation of healthcare resources for the Malaysian population. Ministry of Health Malaysia 3rd Floor, MMA House The NMUS is into its fifth year and we are glad to announce the successful publication of its fourth report, the Malaysian Statistics on Medicines 124, Jalan Pahang 50286 Kuala Lumpur (MSOM) 2007. The first MSOM 2004 report presented results largely from pilot surveys. In 2005, we scaled up the survey with larger sample Malaysia size and wider distribution and also refined data processing and statistical methods. For MSOM 2006, the data processing was further enhanced Tel. : (603) 4043 9300 to improve quality and the statistical methods reviewed to take into consideration, stratification of hospitals which gives more accurate estimates Fax : (603) 4043 9400 as hospitals of different sizes may have different drug use profiles. We move a step forward for MSOM 2007, where the drug utilisation data is e-mail : [email protected] Website : http://www.crc.gov.my tabulated in such a way as to allow comparison of utilisation between 2006 and 2007 as the data for both years were analysed using the same statistical methods. AND THE NATIONAL MEDICINES USE SURVEY The comparison of two years data also allowed better detection of discrepancies in the data. As a result, some corrections have been made to the Pharmaceutical Services Division, 2006 statistics. We are optimistic that as NMUS matures and the data processing methodology fine-tuned, future MSOM reports will continue to Ministry of Health Malaysia Lot 36, Jalan Universiti produce accurate and reliable statistics on Malaysian medicines consumption at all times. 46350 Petaling Jaya Malaysia We hope that this MSOM 2007 report will be useful to relevant healthcare professionals, serving as a source of reference and baseline for Tel. : (603) 7841 3200 embarking in future research or clinical audits towards promoting rational prescribing and effective medicines use. Fax : (603) 7968 2222 Website : http://www.pharmacy.gov.my We would like to thank all staff who had worked very hard in ensuring the success of the NMUS, all agencies and institutions that had helped in This report is copyrighted. Reproduction and dissemination of this report in part or in whole for research, educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorised without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Suggested providing data, all expert panel members for their enthusiasm and contributions in completing the chapter reports and each and everyone who has citation is: Pharmaceutical Services Division and Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Malaysian Statistics on Medicine 2007. Kuala Lumpur 2010 in one way or another contributed to the success of the NMUS and the publication of this report. This report is also published electronically on the website of the Clinical Research Centre at: http://www.crc.gov.my and the website of the Pharmaceutical Services Division at: http://www.pharmacy.gov.my Pharmaceutical Services Division Funding: The National Medicines Use Survey is funded by a grant from the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MRG Grant Number 00126) and Operational Budget Clinical Research Centre from Pharmaceutical Services Division, Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health Malaysia ISSN 1823-8300 Please note that there is potential for revision of the data in this report. Please check the latest edition of Malaysian Statistics on Medicines report for any amendments at www.crc.gov.my or www.pharmacy.gov.my ii iii MALAYSIAN STATISTICS ON MEDICINES 2007 PREFACE Ensuring access to quality and affordable medicines is an important objective of Malaysia’s National Medicines Policy. The National Medicines Use Survey (NMUS) was conducted with the intent to continuously and systematically collect data on medicines in the hope to further improve their use as well as to provide a tool for better decision making in the allocation of healthcare resources for the Malaysian population. The NMUS is into its fifth year and we are glad to announce the successful publication of its fourth report, the Malaysian Statistics on Medicines (MSOM) 2007. The first MSOM 2004 report presented results largely from pilot surveys. In 2005, we scaled up the survey with larger sample size and wider distribution and also refined data processing and statistical methods. For MSOM 2006, the data processing was further enhanced to improve quality and the statistical methods reviewed to take into consideration, stratification of hospitals which gives more accurate estimates as hospitals of different sizes may have different drug use profiles. We move a step forward for MSOM 2007, where the drug utilisation data is tabulated in such a way as to allow comparison of utilisation between 2006 and 2007 as the data for both years were analysed using the same statistical methods. The comparison of two years data also allowed better detection of discrepancies in the data. As a result, some corrections have been made to the 2006 statistics. We are optimistic that as NMUS matures and the data processing methodology fine-tuned, future MSOM reports will continue to produce accurate and reliable statistics on Malaysian medicines consumption at all times. We hope that this MSOM 2007 report will be useful to relevant healthcare professionals, serving as a source of reference and baseline for embarking in future research or clinical audits towards promoting rational prescribing and effective medicines use. We would like to thank all staff who had worked very hard in ensuring the success of the NMUS, all agencies and institutions that had helped in providing data, all expert panel members for their enthusiasm and contributions in completing the chapter reports and each and everyone who has in one way or another contributed to the success of the NMUS and the publication of this report. Pharmaceutical Services Division Clinical Research Centre Ministry of Health Malaysia ii iii MALAYSIAN STATISTICS ON MEDICINES 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The National Medicines Use Survey would like to thank the following for their participation, assistance, support or contributions: • Director General of Health, Malaysia • Deputy Director General of Health (Research and Technical Support), Ministry of Health (MOH) • Deputy Director General of Health (Medical Services), MOH • Deputy Director General of Health (Public Health), MOH • Senior Director of Pharmaceutical Services Division, MOH • Senior Director of Oral Health Division, MOH • Director, National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, MOH • Director, Clinical Research Centre, MOH • Heads of Clinical Services, MOH • Procurement and Privatisation Division, MOH • All medical doctors, pharmacists and support personnel who participated in the NMUS surveys • All participating public and private hospitals, clinics and other institutions which provided or allowed access to their medicines procurement data • University Malaya Medical Centre, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lumut Armed Forces Hospital, Terendak Armed Forces Hospital • Members of the NMUS Expert Panels who contributed to writing this report • Association of Private Hospitals Malaysia, Malaysian Organisation of Pharmaceutical Industries (MOPI) and Pharmaceutical Association of Malaysia (PhAMA) • Malaysian Medical Council, Malaysian Medical Association, Malaysian Pharmaceutical Society, The Academy of Family Physicians, Primary Care Doctors Association Malaysia, Malaysian Dental Association, Malaysian Private Dental Practitioners Association • Pharmaniaga Logistics Sdn Bhd.