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Urban Atlas

Population Characteristics

Metropolitan Population The of Milwaukee’s population declined by five percent (31,114 persons) between 1990 and 2000. This compares with a loss of just two percent between 1980 and 1990, and an eleven percent loss between 1970 and 1980. During the 1970 to 2000 period, the metropolitan population increased by about 100,000 persons. Nearly all of that growth took place outside Milwaukee County as Table 1 shows.

Table 1

Total Population Milwaukee 1970 to 2000

1970 1980 1990 2000 County Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent

Milwaukee 1,054,249 75.1% 964,988 69.1% 959,275 67.0% 940,164 62.6% City of Milwaukee 717,372 68.0% 636,295 65.9% 628,088 65.5% 596,974 63.5% 336,877 32.0% 328,693 34.1% 331,187 34.5% 343,190 36.5% Ozaukee 54,421 3.9% 66,981 4.8% 72,831 5.1% 82,317 5.5% Washington 63,839 4.5% 84,848 6.1% 95,328 6.7% 117,493 7.8% Waukesha 231,365 16.5% 280,326 20.1% 304,715 21.3% 360,767 24.0%

Total 1,403,874 100.0% 1,397,143 100.0% 1,432,149 100.0% 1,500,741 100.0%

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census

Each of the three suburban counties experienced significant growth. In 2000 the population of Waukesha County exceeded the population of suburban Milwaukee County for the first time. Some suburban growth was probably due to the movement Milwaukee Metro Area Population of persons from the City of Milwaukee to the suburbs. 800,000

700,000

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isn’t detailed enough to estimate 500,000

how much suburban growth 400,000 occurred because persons 300,000 moved from the City. Census Number of Persons 200,000 data does tell us that the of Milwaukee and Waukesha 100,000 0 traded about 2,000 persons 1970 1980 1990 2000 between 1995 and 2000. Year Approximately 30,000 persons moved into the City of City Milw Co subs Ozaukee Washington Waukesha Milwaukee from the suburban parts of the metro area, not including the city of Waukesha. Just over 20,000 of those persons lived in suburban Milwaukee County in 1995. About 75,000 persons moved to the suburban part of the metro area from Milwaukee or Waukesha. It’s likely the many of those movers lived in the City of Milwaukee in 1995.

Page 7 of 146 March, 2003 Milwaukee Urban Atlas

Net migration can be estimated using recent census data with births and deaths occurring to area residents between censuses. As Table 2 shows, approximately 92,000 more persons moved out of the City than into it during the 1990s. There was less out migration during the 1980s, but more during the 1970s. Milwaukee’s economy suffered during the 1980s, perhaps making it difficult for households to move to more expensive housing in the suburbs. The remainder of Milwaukee County experienced net in migration for the first time since the 1960s during the 1990s. The three suburban counties experienced net in migration through out the period.

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Table 2

Natural Growth and Net Migration Milwaukee Metropolitan Area 1960 to 2000

Rest of Three City of Milwaukee Suburban Total Milwaukee County Counties Area

1970 population 717,372 336,877 349,625 1,403,874 1970 to 1980 natural growth 48,564 12,226 29,972 90,762 1970 to 1980 estimated net migration -129,724 -20,325 52,556 -97,493

1980 population 636,212 328,778 432,153 1,397,143 1980 to 1990 natural growth 59,098 9,225 32,965 101,288 1980 to 1990 estimated net migration -67,222 -6,816 7,756 -66,282

1990 population 628,088 331,187 472,874 1,432,149 1990 to 20000 natural growth 60,554 3,597 29,700 93,851 1990 to 2000 estimated net migration -91,668 8,406 58,003 -25,259

2000 population 596,974 343,190 560,577 1,500,741

Natural growth is the total number of births to area residents minus the number of area residents who died between censuses. Estimated net migration is the difference between the 1970 population plus 1970 to 1980 natural growth and the 1980 census population. Same method used for 1980 to 1990 and 1990 to 2000 estimates

Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, Department of Health and Services.

City of Milwaukee Population Although the City lost five percent of its 1990 population, some parts of the City experienced gains. Map 1 shows 1990 to 2000 population change by census tract. The area south of the Valley and west of I-94 and the north side between Lisbon and Fond du Lac experienced gains as younger replaced older households. The lower east side and the downtown had gains because of new housing units. Some tracts near the City limits had population increases because of new construction. Central city tracts recorded losses due to housing unit demolition. Tracts nearer the City limits that lost population did so because households became smaller as residents aged.

Milwaukee’s east side along with parts of the central city are the most densely populated as shown by Map 2. The east side and the area west of downtown have mostly multifamily buildings. Other tracts with relatively high are developed with single family and

Page 8 of 146 March, 2003 Milwaukee Urban Atlas duplex buildings on small urban lots in areas that include little non residential development. The high density tracts on the south side also had recent population increases.

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Milwaukee Urban Atlas h

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1 8 Change in Population, 1990 to 2000

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Fairy Chasm Fairy Chasm increase 5.0% or more increase 2.5% to 4.9% Brown Deer Brown Deer increase less than 2.5% decrease less than 2.5% Dean Dean decrease 2.5% to 4.9% decrease 5.0% to 9.9% Bradley Bradley decrease 10.0% to 19.9% decrease 20.0% or more Calumet Calumet

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Map 1 – Change in Population 1990 to 2000

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1 7 County Line 1 County Line City Average = 6,222 -- Source: PL94-17 data

Fairy Chasm 17,500 to 29,500 Fairy Chasm 12,000 to 17,499 Brown Deer Brown Deer 9,000 to 11,000 6,500 to 8,999 Dean Dean 4,000 to 6,499 less than 4,000 Bradley Bradley

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Map 2 – Persons per Square Mile, 2000

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Race, Hispanic Origin Milwaukee became a minority majority city during the 1990s. The Milwaukee metropolitan area continues to be segregated. Forty percent of the metropolitan population lives in the City: 85 percent of the area’s minorities live in the City. Fully 95 percent of the area’s , 75 percent of the area’s Hispanics, but only about 60 percent of the other racial minorities live in the City.

Table 3 summarizes the racial and Hispanic characteristics of the City’s population. The data for 2000 is not comparable with previous censuses because persons were permitted to indicate more than one race in 2000. About two percent of the City’s population indicated more than one race.

Table 3

Population by Race and Hispanic Origin City of Milwaukee 1980 to 2000

1980 1990 2000 Race, Hispanic Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent

Hispanic 26,487 4.2% 39,409 6.3% 71,646 12.0%

Not Hispanic 609,725 95.8% 588,679 93.7% 525,328 88.0% White 453,970 71.4% 381,714 60.8% 270,989 45.4% African American 145,850 22.9% 189,408 30.2% 220,432 36.9% American Indian 4,859 0.8% 5,213 0.8% 4,313 0.7% Asian or Pacific Islander 4,239 0.7% 11,429 1.8% 17,561 2.9% Other race 807 0.1% 915 0.1% 978 0.2% Two or more races* 11,055 2.1%

Total 636,212 100.0% 628,088 100.0% 596,974 100.0% *2000 census only Source: 1980, 1990, 2000 census

Each of the minority groups increased during the 1990s except American Indians. Maps Race and Hispanic 3, 4, 5, and 6 show the 500,000 percentage of Hispanic, African American, American Indian, and Asian-Pacific Islanders by 400,000 census tract respectively. 300,000 (Note the same color represents 1980 1990 2000 different numeric categories on each map.) The maps show Persons 200,000 that each group is concentrated in different locations in 100,000 Milwaukee. The area west of downtown is the only area that 0 has a mix of racial and Hispanic White Black Am Indian Asian Other Two+ Race Hispanic persons.

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1 8 Percent Population Hispanic of Any Race: 2000

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Fairy Chasm Fairy Chasm 50.0% to 78.9% 25.0% to 49.9% Brown Deer Brown Deer 10.0% to 24.9% 5.0% to 9.9% Dean Dean 2.5% to 4.9% less than 2.5% Bradley Bradley

Calumet Calumet

Good Hope Good Hope

Green Tree Green Tree

Mill Mill

Florist Florist Silv er Spring Silv er Spring Villard Villard Hampton Hampton Congress Congress

Capitol Capitol

Keef e Edgewood

Burleigh Kenwood

Center Park North North Walnut Brady

Juneau Juneau Wisconsin Wisconsin

Fairview

Schlinger Pierce

Greenf ield Greenf ield

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Oklahoma Oklahoma Morgan Morgan Howard Howard

Cold Spring Boliv ar Lay ton Lay ton Edgerton

Grange Grange Ramsey

College College

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Map 3 – Percent Population Hispanic, 2000

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1 8 0 6 Percent of Population Single Race African American: 2000

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Fairy Chasm Fairy Chasm 75% or more 50.0% to 74.9% Brown Deer Brown Deer 25.0% to 49.9% 15.0% to 24.9% Dean Dean 5.0% to 14.9% less than 5.0% Bradley Bradley

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Capitol Capitol

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Juneau Juneau Wisconsin Wisconsin

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Map 4 – Percent Population African American, 2000

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Milwaukee Urban Atlas h h Percent of Population Single Race American Indian: 2000

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Bradley Bradley

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Juneau Juneau Wisconsin Wisconsin

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College College

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Map 5 – Percent Population American Indian, 2000

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Milwaukee Urban Atlas h h Percent of Population Single Race Asian and Pacific Islander: 2000

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Green Tree Green Tree

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Florist Florist Silv er Spring Silv er Spring Villard Villard Hampton Hampton Congress Congress

Capitol Capitol

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Center Park North North Walnut Brady

Juneau Juneau Wisconsin Wisconsin

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Map 6 – Percent Population Asian or Pacific Islander, 2000

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Some minority residents were foreign born. Nearly eight percent of the City’s 2000 population was foreign born. About 24,300 were born in Latin America; 12,100 were born in Asia. This implies that one-third of the City’s Hispanics and almost seventy percent of the City’s Asians were born outside the . Both groups may have difficulty speaking English and adjusting to a different culture.

Sex Just under half of the City’s residents were Percent Population Male by Race, 2000 males, 47.8%. The percentage 54.0% male varied by racial group. 52.0% African Americans had the lowest 50.0% percentage male,

Hispanics the 48.0% highest. The

percentage may Percent 46.0% be lower among African Americans because African 44.0% American males are more likely to 42.0% be under counted by the census. 40.0% City white White African Amer Amer Indian Asian Hispanic Total Race residents were older than other racial groups; older residents are more likely to be females. Asians and Hispanic groups included recent immigrants. Males will often immigrate prior the rest of the family. Map 7 indicates the percentage of males. Area nearest the downtown, along the and on the south side including and surrounding Walker’s Point had the highest ratio of males to females. The south side includes Hispanic persons. The downtown and River areas are predominately white, however.

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Juneau Juneau Wisconsin Wisconsin

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Greenf ield Greenf ield

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Lincoln Lincoln

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Map 7 – Percent Population Male, 2000

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Age Milwaukee’s median age increased slightly between 1990 and 2000, from 30.3 years to 30.6 years. This increase was much smaller than the one observed during the 1980s. Map 8 shows median age by census tract in 2000. Median ages were lowest in the tracts that surround the central part of the City, several northwest side tracts, and the tracts surrounding the universities. The majority of persons living near the universities are in the 18 to 24 year age group, there are more children living in the remaining areas with low median ages.

Table 4

Population by Age City of Milwaukee 1980 to 2000

1980 1990 2000 Age Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

under 5 49,771 7.8% 54,276 8.6% 47,545 8.0% 5 to 17 122,095 19.2% 117,864 18.8% 123,439 20.7% 18 to 24 97,657 15.3% 76,602 12.2% 72,849 12.2% 25 to 34 110,922 17.4% 119,072 19.0% 94,451 15.8% 35 to 44 56,218 8.8% 84,407 13.4% 85,792 14.4% 45 to 54 59,058 9.3% 49,499 7.9% 68,351 11.4% 55 to 64 61,169 9.6% 48,223 7.7% 39,424 6.6% 65 and older 79,322 12.5% 78,145 12.4% 65,123 10.9%

Total 636,212 100.0% 628,088 100.0% 596,974 100.0%

Median age 28.7 30.3 30.6

The number of persons increased in the 5 to 17 and the 35 to 54 year age groups despite an over all decrease in population. Table 4 indicates the number of persons in each age group since 1980. The big increase in the 45 to 54 year age group is due to the aging of persons born during the post World War II baby boom. Fewer persons were born during World War II and the depression that preceded it, hence the decline of persons in the 55 to 64 age group. The decline in persons in this age group and the older age groups implies less demand for housing units designed for elderly persons over the next ten years. There could be more demand for amenities that permit older persons to age in their existing units, however.

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1 7 County Line 1 County Line Median Age, 2000 Fairy Chasm Fairy Chasm City Median = 30.6 -- Source: 2000 Census File SF1

Brown Deer Brown Deer 16.8 to 24.9 years 25.0 to 29.9 years Dean Dean 30.0 to 34.9 years 35.0 to 39.9 years Bradley Bradley 40.0 to 55.3 years

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Juneau Juneau Wisconsin Wisconsin

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Oklahoma Oklahoma Morgan Morgan Howard Howard

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Map 8 – Median Age, 2000

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Map 9 shows the number of persons 65 and older in 2000. Most older residents lived nearest the City limits. The few central city tracts with higher percentages have developments designed for elderly residents. Milwaukee’s minority residents were less likely to be elderly than its white residents. The graph shows that the majority of children in the City belongrf to a minority group. White residents formed the majority of the City’s older residents.

Map 10 shows the Population by Age by Minority Status change in the percent of population 65 and 80,000 older between 1990 70,000 and 2000. The largest increases were in 60,000 areas nearest the City 50,000 limits. These areas 40,000 were developed during Persons the 1960s and 1970s. 30,000

Many of the tracts with 20,000 decreases in older residents saw a 10,000 turnover to younger 0 under 10 10 to 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 to 69 70 to 79 80 over families during the Age 1990s. Those tracts that experienced an White Minority increase in older residents are likely to experience a similar turnover in the next ten or 15 years. For the first time an aging of African American residents is shown by the area to the north of the central part of Milwaukee.

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Fairy Chasm Fairy Chasm less than 5.0% 5.0% to 7.4% Brow n Deer Brow n Deer 7.5% to 9.9% 10.0% to 14.9% Dean Dean 15.0% to 20.0% 20.0% to 34.4% Bradley Bradley

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Villard Villard Hampton Hampton Congress Congress Capitol Capitol Edgew ood Keefe Kenw ood Burleigh Par k Center

North North

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Oklahoma Oklahoma

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Map 9 – Percent Persons 65 or Older, 2000

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Fairy Chasm Fairy Chasm decrease 5.0% to 10.6% decrease 3.0% to 4.9% Brow n Deer Brow n Deer decrease 1.5% to 2.9% decrease less than 1.5% Dean Dean increase less than 2.0% increase 2.0% to 10.7% Bradley Bradley

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Oklahoma Oklahoma

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Map 10 – Change in Percent Population 65 or Older, 1990 to 2000

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