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Ground-Water Conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha Area, Wisconsin

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Ground-Water Conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha Area, Wisconsin Ground-Water Conditions in the Milwaukee-Waukesha Area, Wisconsin GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1229 Ground-Water Conditions in the Milwaukee -Waukesha Area, Wisconsin By F. C. FOLEY, W. C. WALTON, and W. J. DRESCHER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1229 A progress report, with emphasis on the artesian sandstone aquifer. Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director f For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 70 cents CONTENTS Page Abstract.............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 3 Purpose and scope of report.................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments...................................................................................................... 5 Description of the area............................................................................................ 6 Previous reports........................................................................................................ 6 Well-numbering system.............................................................................................. 7 Stratigraphy........................................................................................................................ 7 Pre-Cambrian rocks.................................................................................................. 10 Cambrian system...................................................................................................... 10 Mount Simon sandstone.................................................................................... 10 Eau Claire sandstone...................................................................................... 11 Dresbach (Galesville) sandstone, Franconia sandstone, and Trempealeau formation.................................................................................. 11 Ordovician system.................................................................................................... 12 Prairie du Chien group.................................................................................... 12 St. Peter sandstone.......................................................................................... 12 Platteville limestone and Galena dolomite.................................................. 12 Maquoketa shale................................................................................................ 13 Silurian system.......................................................................................................... 13 Niagara dolomite.............................................................................................. 13 Cayuga group.................................................................................................... 14 Devonian system...................................................................................................... 14 Thiensville formation...................................................................................... 14 Milwaukee formation........................................................................................ 15 Carboniferous system.............................................................................................. 15 Quaternary system.................................................................................................... 16 Pleistocene and Recent deposits.................................................................. 16 Structure............................................................................................................................ 16 Surface topography............................................................................................................ 18 Bedrock-surface topography............................................................................................ 19 Ground water...................................................................................................................... 23 Occurrence................................................................................................................ 23 Pleistocene deposits........................................................................................ 25 Niagara dolomite.............................................................................................. 28 Sandstone aquifer.............................................................................................. 28 Water levels.............................................................................................................. 30 Pleistocene deposits and Niagara dolomite.................................................. 30 Sandstone aquifer.............................................................................................. 44 Recharge to Pleistocene deposits and Niagara dolomite.................................... 54 Recharge to the sandstone aquifer........................................................................ 55 Water use.................................................................................................................... 64 Pumpage from the sandstone aquifer.............................................................. 65 Pumpage from the Pleistocene deposits and Niagara dolomite.................. 66 Pumping tests............................................................................................................ 67 Collection of data............................................................................................ 70 Analysis of data................................................................................................ 71 Results of tests................................................................................................ 72 Application of pumping-test results...................................................................... 74 Effect of boundaries........................................................................................ 74 Effect of leakage from Niagara dolomite...................................................... 75 Calculated movement of water in sandstone aquifer.................................... 76 Quantity moving into Milwaukee County................................................ 76 Quantity of leakage from Niagara dolomite.......................................... 77 Quantity moving into Milwaukee-Waukesha area.................................. 77 ni rv Page Ground water Continued Application of coefficients to past records.......................................................... 78 Estimated pumpage from sandstone aquifer^ 1880 through 1950................ 78 Location of recharge boundary..................................................................... 79 Comparison of calculated and actual decline, 1880 through 1950............ 79 Application of coefficients to future conditions.................................................. 80 Estimated pumpage from sandstone aquifer, 1950 through 1960................ 80 Calculated decline, 1950 through I960.......................................................... 81 Interference between wells.............................................................................. 81 Quality of ground water............................................................................................ 87 Conclusion........................................................................................................................ 91 Recommendations............................................................................................................ 92 References........................................................................................................................ 93 Index.................................................................................................................................. 95 ILLUSTRATIONS (.All plates in pocket] Plate 1. Bedrock-surface map of the Milwaukee-Waukesha area, Wis. 2. Map of the Milwaukee-Waukesha area showing location of wells uncased in Niagara dolomite. 3. Map of the Milwaukee-Waukesha area showing piezometric surface of Niagara dolomite in September 1950. 4. Geologic cross section from Portage to Milwaukee, Wis., and profiles of piezometric surfaces of Niagara dolomite and sandstone aquifer. 5. Map of the Milwaukee-Waukesha area showing piezometric surface of sandstone aquifer in May 1950. 6. Map of the Milwaukee-Waukesha area showing piezometric surface of sandstone aquifer in September 1950. 7. Geologic cross section and profile of piezometric surface of sandstone aquifer from Sauk City to Milwaukee, Wis. 8. Geologic cross section and profile of piezometric surface of sandstone aquifer from Berlin to Milwaukee, Wis. Page Figure 1. Structural contour map on top of St. Peter sandstone in the Milwaukee-Waukesha area........................................................................ 17 2. Map of the bedrock geology of the Milwaukee-Waukesha area................ 20 3. Isopach map of the sandstone aquifer underlying southeastern Wisconsin...................................................................................................
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