DOCSLIB.ORG

The Transnationalization of Garrisons in the Case of Jamaica Michelle Angela Munroe M Munroe [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Transnationalization of Garrisons in the Case of Jamaica Michelle Angela Munroe M Munroe 98@Yahoo.Com Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2013 The aD rk Side of Globalization: The Transnationalization of Garrisons in the Case of Jamaica Michelle Angela Munroe [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI13120610 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Munroe, Michelle Angela, "The aD rk Side of Globalization: The rT ansnationalization of Garrisons in the Case of Jamaica" (2013). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 996. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/996 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida THE DARK SIDE OF GLOBALIZATION: THE TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF GARRISONS IN THE CASE OF JAMAICA A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in POLITICAL SCIENCE by Michelle Angela Munroe 2013 To: Dean Kenneth G. Furton College of Arts and Science This dissertation, written by Michelle Angela Munroe, and entitled The Dark Side of Globalization: The Transnationalization of Garrisons in the Case of Jamaica, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Ronald W. Cox _______________________________________ Felix Martin _______________________________________ Nicol C. Rae _______________________________________ Howard Frank _______________________________________ John F. Stack Jr., Major Professor Date of Defense: November 13, 2013 The dissertation of Michelle Angela Munroe is approved. _______________________________________ Dean Kenneth G. Furton College of Arts and Sciences _______________________________________ Dean Lakshmi N. Reddi University Graduate School Florida International University, 2013 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to thank my parents Palma and Earl Munroe for their patience, understanding, encouragement, and unconditional love. Without their continued support the completion of this work would not have been possible—I love you both. I would also like to thank Melissa Huseby, a good friend, for being my sounding board over the years and for being there when times got tough. As Oprah said, “Lots of people want to ride with you in the limo, but what you want is someone who will take the bus with you when the limo breaks down."--Thank you. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Dr. John Stack, for his guidance and advice. I am eternally grateful for his comments and feedback and for dedicating large chunks of his time to patiently reading my dissertation line-by-line, word-by-word, and for questioning every line and every world. His constant push for excellence has taught me to look beyond the obvious and to embrace the complex. Special thanks goes to Dr. Cox for his assistance in helping me to conceptualize my work from the beginning of my journey. I am extremely thankful to all the members of my dissertation committee for their suggestions and questions at every evaluation. All your concerns and advice played a huge role is shaping and framing the direction of my research. Finally, I would like to thank the Department of Politics and International Relations at Florida International University for granting me a Graduate Teaching Assistantship and allowing me the opportunity to obtain a graduate degree. The Jack D. Gordon Institute for Public Policy and Citizenship Studies for the privilege of learning a iii foreign language first hand through their National Security Studies (PINSS) Foreign Language and Cultural Immersion Scholarship. Last, but my no means least, I am indebted to the financial support of the FIU Dissertation Evidence Acquisition (DEA) Fellowship and the Anita Broad Research Award (FIU) for allowing me some reprieve in bringing this long and challenging journey to an end. iv ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION THE DARK SIDE OF GLOBALIZATION: THE TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF GARRISONS IN THE CASE OF JAMAICA by Michelle Angela Munroe Florida International University, 2013 Miami, Florida Professor John F. Stack Jr., Major Professor The current study is concerned with the role that transnational criminal organizations play in the ability of a small country, such as Jamaica, to govern itself effectively. Jamaica is identified as a major producer and distributor of cannabis, since the 1970s, and today plays an active role in other established illicit markets for cocaine and illegal weapons. Despite a long-term and continued involvement in U.S. funded drug trafficking and counterdrug programs, and the establishment of several anti-crime organizations within the country, Jamaica’s successes have been marginal. The current study attempts to examine first, how criminal groups located within the garrisons of Kingston have managed to strengthen their involvement in illegal activities and to evade the state. Second, it explores how these criminal groups have successfully offset the Jamaican state’s monopoly on power within garrison communities. Through a qualitative research design, I utilized a wide range of research methods- observation, open-ended interviews, focus groups, document data, audio-visual data, and text and image analysis- in order to identify the mechanisms by which non-state actors have been able to alter their power relation with the state. The study explores the v relationship between the Jamaican state and criminal groups residing within garrisons specifically located in the Kingston Metropolitan Area. The study concludes that the interactions between garrisons and the Jamaican state have become increasingly more transnational over time. Using Nye and Keohane’s (1971) understanding of transnational relations in an analysis of the garrison, the dissertation asserts that network based criminal groupings residing within garrisons are directly shaping the behavior and policy goals of the Jamaican state by forming coalitions and interactions across state boundaries. These coalitions and interactions involve a wide cross section of non-state actors both criminal and legal, as well as corruptible elements of government. Network based criminal groupings located with Jamaica’s garrisons are increasingly competent in evading the law and in carrying out criminal activity. They do so by employing more fluid organizational and power structures, assuming a more influential role in the distribution and use of violence, and by taking advantage of the liberalization and privatization of the Jamaican economy. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 Overview and Background of the Study ....................................................................... 1 Identifying the Garrison .............................................................................................. 14 Analysis of Existing Garrison Literature .................................................................... 16 Identifying the Garrison from a transnational scale. ................................................... 22 Thesis Organization ..................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 31 A Note on the Research Design ................................................................................... 31 Case Settings and Participants ..................................................................................... 34 Research Instruments ................................................................................................... 36 Data Collection Procedure ........................................................................................... 42 Confidentiality, Ethical Concerns, and Limitations ..................................................... 48 CHAPTER 3 FROM THE GLOBAL TO THE LOCAL .................................................. 59 Globalization: Revisiting Theoretical Underpinnings ................................................. 60 Moving towards a Transnational Approach to state Interaction .................................. 71 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 78 CHAPTER 4 FROM GANGS TO GARRISONS: 1940s TO 1970s ................................ 80 Understanding Kingston’s Gangs ................................................................................ 81 Gang Formation within the Context of Politics ........................................................... 85 Gangs within the context of the Economy ................................................................... 98 Summary .................................................................................................................... 102 CHAPTER 5 A TYPOLOGY OF THE GARRISON AND IT’S TRANSNATIONAL NATURE ........................................................................................................................ 105 Typology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Particulars of Claim in the Supreme Court Of
    PARTICULARS OF CLAIM IN THE SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE OF JAMAICA IN CIVIL DIVISION CLAIM NO. 2010 H. C. V. BETWEEN HAROLD BRADY CLAIMANT A N D HONOURABLE BRUCE GOLDING DEFENDANT 1. The Claimant is and was at all material times an Attorney-at-law and the Senior Partner with the law firm Brady & Company in the jurisdiction. 2. The Defendant is and was at all material times the Prime Minister of Jamaica and Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party. 3. The Claimant was called to the Jamaica Bar in 1979 and for over 30 years he has been one of Jamaica’s most eminent and established Attorneys-at-law. The Claimant started his legal career as an Associate in the law firm Dunn, Cox and Orrett, after which he left to start his own firm – Brady & Company- and from that time until now, the Claimant has been senior partner of this distinguished law firm. The Claimant has also been a devout and dedicated member of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) for many years and a member of that organizations highest decision making body outside of its Annual Conference, the Central Executive from 1993 and remains so to this day. The Claimant also represented the JLP as its candidate in the Constituency of South East St. Andrew in the 2003 and 2007 General Elections. Page 2 of 9 4. The Claimant has had a long and distinguished legal career characterised by excellence, social responsibility and service to the citizens of Jamaica. As an Attorney-at-law and a senior member of the JLP, the Claimant has established contacts within the legal, business, social and political circles of Jamaica and internationally and was admitted as a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of England and Wales in 1990 and a member of the Law Society, and a member of the Commonwealth Lawyers Association.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-State Actors in Jamaican Economic Policy
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2011 Non-state Actors In Jamaican Economic Policy Matthew W. Jarrett University of Central Florida Part of the International Relations Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Jarrett, Matthew W., "Non-state Actors In Jamaican Economic Policy" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1749. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1749 NON-STATE ACTORS IN JAMAICAN ECONOMIC POLICY by MATTHEW W. JARRETT B.A. Florida Atlantic University, 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2011 ©2011 Matthew W Jarrett ii ABSTRACT The relevance in understanding local dynamics or political culture is that as Neuman has pointed out, many traditional theories have not taken them into account and have thus failed in explaining political occurrences in the lesser developed world. For example as she has stated, “domestic factors” have not been considered into “systems theories”. (Neuman, 1995, p.16) On this basis, it is necessary to point out these local factors, and furthermore, the role of non-state actors within the realm of internal dynamics, since international relations theory also aims to understand the formation and motivation behind economic policy.
    [Show full text]
  • SOF Role in Combating Transnational Organized Crime to Interagency Counterterrorism Operations
    “…the threat to our nations’ security demands that we… Special Operations Command North (SOCNORTH) is a determine the potential SOF roles for countering and subordinate unified command of U.S. Special Operations diminishing these violent destabilizing networks.” Command (USSOCOM) under the operational control of U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM). SOCNORTH Rear Admiral Kerry Metz enhances command and control of special operations forces throughout the USNORTHCOM area of responsi- bility. SOCNORTH also improves DOD capability support Crime Organized Transnational in Combating Role SOF to interagency counterterrorism operations. Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CAN- SOF Role SOFCOM) was stood up in February 2006 to provide the necessary focus and oversight for all Canadian Special Operations Forces. This initiative has ensured that the Government of Canada has the best possible integrated, in Combating led, and trained Special Operations Forces at its disposal. Transnational Joint Special Operations University (JSOU) is located at MacDill AFB, Florida, on the Pinewood Campus. JSOU was activated in September 2000 as USSOCOM’s joint educa- Organized Crime tional element. USSOCOM, a global combatant command, synchronizes the planning of Special Operations and provides Special Operations Forces to support persistent, networked, and distributed Global Combatant Command operations in order to protect and advance our Nation’s interests. MENDEL AND MCCABE Edited by William Mendel and Dr. Peter McCabe jsou.socom.mil Joint Special Operations University Press SOF Role in Combating Transnational Organized Crime Essays By Brigadier General (retired) Hector Pagan Professor Celina Realuyo Dr. Emily Spencer Colonel Bernd Horn Mr. Mark Hanna Dr. Christian Leuprecht Brigadier General Mike Rouleau Colonel Bill Mandrick, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • French Elections: Workers Win Big Victory -Pages 2, 7
    MAY 22, 1981 75 CENTS VOLUME 45/NUMBER 19 A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE FRENCH ELECTIONS: WORKERS WIN BIG VICTORY -PAGES 2, 7 '· The plan Solidarity to slash with miners' strike workers' wages -PAGE 5 -PAGE 4 Black party leaders denounce FBI disruption -PAGE 12 In Our Opinion VOLUME .45/NUMBER 19 MAY 22, 1981 CLOSING NEWS DATE-MAY 13 United States, and around the world will be work force and an incredibly expensive substi­ U.S. workers & encouraged by this victory, which shows it is tute for personal retirement savings." possible for the workers to throw out right­ This reflects the bosses' mentality in a French elections wing capitalist governments. nutshell. As long as we produce profits for The May 10 election of Fran~;ois Mitterrand Mitterrand's election will give encourage­ them, they recognize that it is unfortunately as president of France is a victory for working ment to workers and peasants in the colonial necessary to provide us with some kind of people. and semi-colonial world, too. The French So­ wage-as long as we don't win "excessive" The Socialist Party candidate defeated in­ cialist Party is a member of the Socialist Increases. cumbent President Valery Giscard d'Estaing International, which opposes the brutal junta If we can't work any more, however, they by 52 to 48 percent. in El Salvador. Mitterrand is a member of the think we should be thrown on the scrap heap The French franc immediately plummeted. Committee for the Defense of the Revolution in like· a used-up machine.
    [Show full text]
  • Workshop Programme
    UK Arts and Humanities Research Council Research Network, Dons, Yardies and Posses: Representations of Jamaican Organised Crime Workshop 2: Spatial Imaginaries of Jamaican Organised Crime Venue: B9.22, University of Amsterdam, Roeterseiland Campus. Workshop Programme Day 1: Monday 11th June 8.45-9.00 Registration 9.00-9.15 Welcome 9.15-10.45 Organised Crime in Fiction and (Auto)Biography 10.45-11.15 Refreshment break 11.15-12.45 Organised Crime in the Media and Popular Culture 12.45-1.45 Lunch 1.45-2.45 Interactive session: The Spatial Imaginaries of Organised Crime in Post-2000 Jamaican Films 2.45-3.15 Refreshment break 3.15-5.30 Film screening / Q&A 6.30 Evening meal (La Vallade) Day 2: Tuesday 12th June 9.15-9.30 Registration 9.30-11.00 Mapping City Spaces 11.00-11.30 Refreshment break 11.30-12.30 Interactive session: Telling True Crime Tales. The Case of the Thom(p)son Twins? 12.30-1.30 Lunch 1.30-2.45 Crime and Visual Culture 1 2.45-3.15 Refreshment break 3.15-4.15 VisualiZing violence: An interactive session on representing crime and protection in Jamaican visual culture 4.15-5.15 Concluding discussion reflecting on the progress of the project, and future directions for the research 7.00 Evening meal (Sranang Makmur) Panels and interactive sessions Day 1: Monday 11th June 9.15. Organised crime in fiction and (auto)biography Kim Robinson-Walcott (University of the West Indies, Mona), ‘Legitimate Resistance: Drug Dons and Dancehall DJs as Jamaican Outlaws at the Frontier’ Lucy Evans (University of Leicester), ‘The Yardies Becomes Rudies Becomes Shottas’: Reworking Yardie Fiction in Marlon James’ A Brief History of Seven Killings’ Michael Bucknor (University of the West Indies, Mona), ‘Criminal Intimacies: Psycho-Sexual Spatialities of Jamaican Transnational Crime in Garfield Ellis’s Till I’m Laid to Rest (and Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings)’ Chair: Rivke Jaffe 11.15.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Jamaica: Forty Years of Independence
    Revista Mexicana del Caribe ISSN: 1405-2962 [email protected] Universidad de Quintana Roo México Mcnish, Vilma Jamaica: Forty years of independence Revista Mexicana del Caribe, vol. VII, núm. 13, 2002, pp. 181-210 Universidad de Quintana Roo Chetumal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=12801307 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 190/VILMAMCNISH INTRODUCTION ortyyearsagoonAugust6,1962Jamaicabecamean F independentandsovereignnationaftermorethan300 hundredyearsofcolonialismundertheBritishEmpire.Inthein- ternationalcontext,Jamaicaisarelativelyyoungcountry.Indeed, incontrasttothecountriesinLatinAmerica,Jamaicaandthe othercountriesoftheEnglish-speakingCaribbean,allformercolo- niesofGreatBritain,onlybecameindependentinthesecondhalf ofthe20thcentury.UnliketheirSpanish-speakingneighboursthere- fore,noneoftheseterritorieshadthedistinctionofbeingfound- ingmembersofeithertheUnitedNationsorthehemispheric bodytheOrganisationofAmericanStates. Thepurposeofmypresentationistopresentanoverview,a perspectiveofthepolitical,economicandculturaldevelopment ofJamaicaoverthesefortyyears.Butbeforedoingso,Ithinkit isimportanttoprovideahistoricalcontexttomodernJamaica. SoIwillstartwithabriefhistoryofJamaica,tracingthetrajec- toryofconquest,settlementandcolonisationtoemancipation, independenceandnationhood.
    [Show full text]
  • A Massacre in Jamaica
    A REPORTER AT LARGE A MASSACRE IN JAMAICA After the United States demanded the extradition of a drug lord, a bloodletting ensued. BY MATTATHIAS SCHWARTZ ost cemeteries replace the illusion were preparing for war with the Jamai- told a friend who was worried about an of life’s permanence with another can state. invasion, “Tivoli is the baddest place in illusion:M the permanence of a name On Sunday, May 23rd, the Jamaican the whole wide world.” carved in stone. Not so May Pen Ceme- police asked every radio and TV station in tery, in Kingston, Jamaica, where bodies the capital to broadcast a warning that n Monday, May 24th, Hinds woke are buried on top of bodies, weeds grow said, in part, “The security forces are ap- to the sound of sporadic gunfire. over the old markers, and time humbles pealing to the law-abiding citizens of FreemanO was gone. Hinds anxiously di- even a rich man’s grave. The most for- Tivoli Gardens and Denham Town who alled his cell phone and reached him at saken burial places lie at the end of a dirt wish to leave those communities to do so.” the house of a friend named Hugh Scully, path that follows a fetid gully across two The police sent buses to the edge of the who lived nearby. Freeman was calm, and bridges and through an open meadow, neighborhood to evacuate residents to Hinds, who had not been outside for far enough south to hear the white noise temporary accommodations. But only a three days, assumed that it was safe to go coming off the harbor and the highway.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Commons at The
    http://waikato.researchgateway.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. WHEN CITIZEN POLITICS BECOMES UNCIVIL: Between Popular Protest, Civil Society and Governance in Jamaica. BY HUME NICOLA JOHNSON Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communications, University of the West Indies, Jamaica Master of Science in Government, University of the West Indies, Jamaica A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE & PUBLIC POLICY THE UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO NEW ZEALAND DECEMBER 2006 ‘Hungry men and women have a right to call attention to their condition and to ask of people fulfilment of promises made to them so as long as they do so without using violence’. Rt. Excellent, Sir Alexander Bustamante, Trade Unionist, National Hero, and first Premier of Jamaica, 1938. ii Abstract _________________________________________ This thesis focuses on the problem of incivility within the domains of citizen politics and civil society by exploring the proclivity for popular protest in Jamaica and the intersections between popular citizen protest, civil society and governance in this context.
    [Show full text]
  • Report the Commission of Enquiry Into The
    REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY INTO THE EXTRADITION REQUEST FOR CHRISTOPHER COKE The Commission of Enquiry was appointed by the Governor General Sir Patrick th Allen O.N., GCMG, C.D. on October 19 , 2010. The three Commissioners appointed were: Hon. Emil George Q.C. O.J. - Chairman Hon. Anthony Irons O.J. Mr. Donald Scharshmidt Q.C. TERMS OF REFERENCE 1. To enquire into: (a) The issue relating to the extradition of Christopher Coke by the Government of the United States of America; (b) The manner and procedure in which the said extradition request was handled by the Government of Jamaica and the role and conduct of the various public officials who handled the extradition request; (c) The circumstances in which the services of the law firm Manatt, Phelps & Phillips were engaged in relation to any or all of the matters involved, by whom were they engaged and on whose behalf they were authorized to act; 1 (d) Whether there was any misconduct on the part of any person in any of these matters and, if so, to make recommendations as the Commission sees fit for the referral of such persons to the relevant authority or disciplinary body for appropriate action. 2. The Commission shall make a full and faithful report and recommendations concerning the aforesaid matters and transmit the same to the Governor General on or before February 28, 2011. 3. The provisions of the Commission of Enquiry Act shall be applicable for the purposes of this enquiry. 4. The Commission may hold public and private hearings in such manner and in such locations as may be necessary and convenient.
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy in the Caribbean a Cause for Concern
    DEMOCRACY IN THE CARIBBEAN A CAUSE FOR CONCERN Douglas Payne April 7, 1995 Policy Papers on the Americas Democracy in the Caribbean A Cause for Concern Douglas W. Payne Policy Papers on the Americas Volume VI Study 3 April 7, 1995 CSIS Americas Program The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), founded in 1962, is an independent, tax-exempt, public policy research institution based in Washington, DC. The mission of CSIS is to advance the understanding of emerging world issues in the areas of international economics, politics, security, and business. It does so by providing a strategic perspective to decision makers that is integrative in nature, international in scope, anticipatory in timing, and bipartisan in approach. The Center's commitment is to serve the common interests and values of the United States and other countries around the world that support representative government and the rule of law. * * * CSIS, as a public policy research institution, does not take specific policy positions. Accordingly, all views, positions, and conclusions expressed in this report should be understood to be solely those of the authors. © 1995 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. This study was prepared under the aegis of the CSIS Policy Papers on the Americas series. Comments are welcome and should be directed to: Joyce Hoebing CSIS Americas Program 1800 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Phone: (202) 775-3180 Fax: (202) 775-3199 Contents Preface .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ideology and Educational Aims: the Case of Jamaica By
    IDEOLOGY AND EDUCATIONAL AIMS: THE CASE OF JAMAICA BY Joseph A. Walker, Ph.D. College of the Bahamas Oakes Field Campus ABSTRACT This research is basically a descriptive Predicated partly on-this criticism of the study. Its purpose was to determine the prevailing education in Jamaica, and extent to which the aims and policies of partly on a firm commitment to ~ social­ education under the Jamaica Labour Party istic ideology of economic and educational (J.L.P.) differed from the aims and policies organization, the Manley government (the of education under the People's National People's National Party) on the advent of Party (P.N.P.). It was anticipated that, its reascension to political power in 1972, given the differing self-proclaimed ideolog­ asserted its intent to seek political, ical cleavages of the J.L.P. (capitalism) economic, and educational development and the P.N.P. (socialism), there would be through socialistic means. The Jamaica marked differences in their educational Labour Party, its predecessor, on its aims. The analysis revealed, however, that ascension to political power in 1962, had, if there .were ideological difference, these in contrast, chosen to seek political, were not easily detected from the rhetoric economic, and educational development of their educational aims. The differences largely through capitalistic means. observed were largely in terms of emphasis and in the particular means and priorities The purpose of this paper, therefore, is designed to achieve their statt;d obj ectives. to examine the impact of these political decisions on the educational system of INTRODUCTION Jamaica from 1960 to 1980.
    [Show full text]
  • Einaudi Serials Inventory
    Einaudi Serials Inventory Title Volume/No. Year Pais Notes 1 1999 Index of Economic Freedom 1999 2 4 Años de Revolución Perú 3 7 Días del Perú y del mundo 1976 4 A Descriptive List of Research Papers and Theses 1954 5 A Foreign Affairs Budget for the Future 2008 The American Academy of Diplomacy 6 A Guide to the American Bicentennial from 1975 Encyclopedia Britanica-Two Hundred Years of Liberty 7 A Lot to do: A Report Card on Education in Central 2007 America and the Dominican Republic 8 A Mandate for Leadership Project Issues 2000 2000 9 A Plan for Fully Funding the Recommendations of 1987 The National Bipartisan Commission on Central America 10 A Rand Note 1983-1985 11 A Report by Managing Global Insecurity 2008 12 A Report on a Survey in Ecuador on Standardization 1972 and Measurement services in support of industrialization goals 13 A Short History of Kingston Part 1 1976 14 Academia Las palomas de San Jerónimo XIII Festival 15 Adventure and Hope: Christians and the Crisis in 1983 Central America 16 AEI Foreign Policy and Defense Review 1985 17 AFFARI ESTERI Revista Trimestrale 1973 18 Agreement Between the United States of America 1974 and Peru 19 Alexis de Tocqueville Institution Cuban in Transition 1999 20 Alianza Centroamericana para el Desarrollo 1998 Sostenible 21 Alternatives for Canal Administration 1987 22 Amazonia - Photography Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 23 America in the 1970's 1970 24 America Latina 3 1975 25 American Opinion - The Matter of Felipe Pazos, Peril Vol.V, No.6 1962 An Informal Review in Mexico 26 American Public Opinion and U.S.
    [Show full text]