APPM SAL REPORT PREFECTURE DU LAC RURAL DEVELOPG NT PROR CT REPUBLIC OF CHAD . . â P ' . '>' >' % . .) ' ...... !œ... .. izxul,ear.m... zz.s . *.. e.z u. t . -.w . As . zl ,% . . 'bezr 1g/. .' TABLE OF CONTENTS
Currency Equivalents, Acronym s and Abbreviations, List of Tables. List of Annexes, Basic Data, Project Maeix, Project Brief. Page SUM M ARY. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOM M ENDATIONS 1 - V111
BASIC DATA ON THE COUNTRY
INTRODUCTION
1. 1 Origin and History of the Project 1.2 Perfonnance of Similar Projects in the Country
2. TH E AG RICU LTUR AL SECTO R 2
2. 1 General 2 2.2 Crops Grown 2 2.3 Livestock 2 2.4 Fishing 3 2.5 Sector Potentials and Constraints 3 2.6 Agricultural Development Policy 3 2.7 Institutions of the Sector 3
TH E IRRIGATED SU B-SECTO R
3. 1 General 4 3.2 Institutions A ssociated w ith the lrrigated Sub-sector 5 3.3 Potentials and Constraints of the Irrigated Sub-sector 5 3.4 Irrigated Sub-sector Policy 5 3.5 Project Area 6 THE PROJECT
4. 1 Design and Fonnulation 4.2 Project Objectives 4.3 Description of Project Oumuts 4.4 Detailed Description of Project Activities and Components 8 4.5 Project Assumptions and Risks 13 4.6 Estimated Cost of the Project 13 4.7 Sources of Finance 14 4.8 Enviromnental lm pact 16 4.9 lmpact on W omen 17 4. 10 Im pact on Poverty 18
5. PROJECT IM PLEM ENTATION AND M ANAGEM ENT
5. 1 Executing Agency 18 5.2 Organization and M anagement 19 5.3 Procurement of G oods and Services 20 ' .
5.4 Implem entation and Expendi'tttrè-sclzedoklts 23 5.5 M onitoring-Evaluation and Audit ' :' 24 5.6 Recurrent Costs ' 24 5.7 Project Sustainability 25 5.8 Aid Coordination 25 6. . ' .; % ' ' ' E' TECHNICAL AND ECONOM IC JUSTIW IC AT,It4' NS 26 ( : S. '. '. 6. 1 Teclmical Justitications 26 6.2 Project Benetits 26 6.3 Finnncial and Economic Justitications 27
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAYiONS' 28 . . .!: ; l * 1 COIK IUSiOIYS ' 28 7.2 Recommendations and Loan ApprovAl'cepditions 28
This report has been prepared follow ing an ap p. raisal m i'ssion to . Ch ad from 20 August to 09 ' *' ''' , ''*' ? Septem. ber 1998 by M'essrs. B.L. M UKEN A . Ag' œo,)F..,'c .t). nomist, M 'l.ssl'o. n Lead, er, M. . AYACHI, '' . ' ' A grlw cultural Expert, Dr. M . BERE'K OU' T' 'OU' '' , Livestock Expert' and a consultant, ru ra1 ' engme er . Any enquiries relating to thi s p roje. c. t,: . may.+ be. . 'referred to .M rs . F .S' . D' 1. OP ,Divi sion M anager, OCDC.2, and/or M r. L.B.S. CHA K. ROU N' , D'i'rdctor OCD C. LIST OF TABLES
Tables
4. 1 : Summary Project Cost Estimates by Component 4.2 : Summary Project Cost Estimates by Expenditure Category 4.3 : Sources of Finance 4.4 : Sources of Finance by Component - 4.5 : Summary Project Cost Estimates by Expenditure Category and Source of Finance 5. 1 : Arrangements Relating to Procurement of Goods and Services 5.2 : Provisional Project Activities Implementation Schedule 5.3 : Expenditure Schedule by Component 5.4 : Expenditure Schedule by Source of Finance
LIST OF ANNEXES (*)
Annex 1 : M ap 1 : Location of Préfecture du Lac (1 page) Map 2: Location of Sites of the 13 Polders and Insular Area (1 page) Annex 2 : Page 1: Standard Profile of a M ain Em bankm ent, Protecting Dykei and Dividing Dyke (1 page) Annex 3 : Summary Project Costs by Component and Year (1 page) Almex 4 : Agro-pastoral Development (3 pages) Evolution of Areas, Yields, Ouqmt, Tables land 2 (1 page) Annex 5 : Page 1: SODELAC Organization Chart (1 page) Page 2: Project M anagement Organization Chart (1 page) Almex 6 : Page 1: Budget of M odel Farms (1 page) Page 2: Calculation of Economic Rate of Return - ERR (1 page) Annex 7 : W orks lmplementation Schedule (1 page) Almex 8 : Profile of Technical Assistance Experts (2 pages) (*) Annexes 2, 4, 5 page 1, 6, 7 and 8 are in the separate working document. ' vf '> ë '. . .z1 .' .f 'u lk ' .
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. u ; .. . j.. a r. ACRO M S AND , A' B'. B' 'i .' V IA, ' TIONS
ACORD Association de coopératiolf et -& rechçrche àpotlr Ie développement ADB Africàn Development.Bav '' ji .' ADF African Dekelopmen! Fuptt. ,'Q ..' .,. AFD Agence française de dévelnppement k. ç .;) ' AFM CARE Am erican NGO ' BD Bidding Documents CARE Am erican NGO CAT Centre d'amélioration technique ' CB Competitive Bidding
CFPA Centre de folmption prpfessikxmel'l&v-bylriçole
CIRAD Centre de coopération intqrlytl%. 'àâ1qlp' ouf 'lg mçhçrehg qgronomique CONAM AC Conseil natienal d ' appui àt'z m*o 1 41 ve1 %' é p1 .' aj'. ksè.iàtiftd: ii'i b'tiératkf ' ' -- CP/CE Cycle primaire/èours élémentailié 't.p/ima!;y schogl-. cycle) CV Curriculum vitae DEAFPR Directorate of Agricultural Edgealivrit IC iainipg énd Rural #romotion
DGRHA Directorate of Rural Engineç' j jhgçarfd' Ajji4kitgral'.lrl#. d. raulics DPPASA Directorat.e of Agriculturql Pkbd, uctrjp yjy. ju p.Q 'p' d security : 2 . 9 . k DPVC Directorate of Plapt Pgotéctiontandté' à. ëkéging r , DRTA oirectorate of Agricultural kesyarùh àiztl '. t-eèlinolkj zy
DVP Extension and Pröducti: on Divis'.i on' ('. 'SO ELAC) GDP Gross Domestic Product . ' . U . : . t IAPSO nited Nations Inter-Agçpky Rrocqi. em ent Services ' ' ' ICB International Competitive Bidd' ipy . lnformation . ; . j ' IEC , Educabioni Cèmmtiilicqfiöh ..
IM SC Inter-M inisterial Steering C oplttittèet . ' . ITRAD lnstitut tchadien de recherzv a. xy.;r'bnteique pot!r le dévbloppement LRZV : * I mboratoire de recherché botetih iqqù et vétérinai e Local Shopping NCB National Competitive Bidding NGO Non-Govermnental Organizatién ONDR Office national du (léveloppçment rt' tr@l PlU Project Implementation Unit PSAP Projet des services agro-pastor'aux SECADEV Secours catholique et dévelopjement
SL Short List ' . SODELAC Société du développement d uLac Tchâd SPA Special Programme for Africa TA Technical Assistance TAF Technical Assistance Fund TC Technical Committee UA Unit of Account of the ADB Grot!p UNDP United Nations Development Programftme M . *
BASIC DATA
Year . Chad Africa Develoninc C. Develooed Countries A.GENERAL l . Area (1000 Km2) 1995 1.284 30.305 - 2 Population (in million) 6.36 661 4487 1214 3. Sex ratio (/100 women) 1995 94 99 104 4. Population under 15 years (%) 1995 43 45 35.6 21.4 5. Population 65 years and over (%) 1995 3.6 3 4.5 12.1 6. Dependency ratio 1995 87 92.3 67 w 50.4 7. Urban population (%) 1995 2 1 34 34 74 8. Rural population (%) 1995 79 66 63 26 9. Population density ) 1995 4.9 2 1 51 21 lo.population/arable land ) 1995 159 363 - 1 1 .Adult literacy rate (to1l) 1995 48.1 51 70 99 -tM ale) 1995 62 63 75 99 -twomen) 1995 34.7 42 62 99 lz.l-abour force participation rate llltotal -tM ale) 1994 79 50 -œemale) 1994 21 - 35 13.GNP per capita (in US$) 1994 180 600 987 23195 l4.Annual growth rate of GNP(%) 1993 0.7 -0.3 -2.9 2.2 B.DEM OGRAPHIC m DICATORS l .Annual population growth (%) 1995 2.6 2.9 % 2.9 0 .6 z.urban population growth rate (%) 1995 5.9 3.8 3.8 0.8 3.cn1de death rate (/1000 pop.) 1995 17 15 9.0 9.0 M.lnfant mortality rate (/1000 live birth) 1995 94 107 68 1 3 5.Child mort. rate (/1000 child age 1-4) 1995 152 167 l 6 6.M aternal mortality rate (/1000 birth) 1994 900 630 480 30 7.Live expecuncy at birth (yearsl-toul 1995 49 75 - M ale 1995 46
8-crude birth rate (/000) 1995 43 44 29 ' 1 5 10.Total fertility rate 1995 5.7 6.2 3.5 1 y 1 1 .M edian age 1994 1 8 22.3 22.2 33.6 lz.population doubling time Wears) 1994 28 34 l48 l3.W omen of child bearing age (5%) 1994 46 l4.proportion of women using contraceptives (%) 53 72 d. HEALTH & NUTRITIONAL INDICATORS l . Number of inhabitants/doctor 1993 : 33000 18000 7000 390 2. Number of inhabitants/nurse 1993 : 34000 - 1700 l80 3. Access to safe water (%) 1994 : 30 60 70 4. Percentage of fully immunized children (24 months) 1994 26 - 85 87 5. Average per capita calorie intake 1994 1989 2328 2546 3412 6. Babies born with birth weight less than 2500 gm (%) 1994 1 9 7. Percent. of GDP spent on health 1994 4 8. Average per capita spending on health (USS) 1994 1958 D. EDUCATION INDICATORS 1 . Gross enrolment ratio: - Primary School total 1995 59 79 93 W omen 1995 38 63 92 l02 - Secondary School total 1995 7 58 47 9 1 W omen 1995 2 21 40 96 2. Percent. of GDP spend on educ. 1995 2.3 12 10 4
Lo g ical Framework of Prefectulrè ldù. ; L' àe'lt'ù:k. altD' tyele. medt' Br,oject :.. r l
; . x ...... Narrgtive Verifiable 'Indicatois : ' Méà1 fiJs vfW.e. Jr ifkâris, zi Mà. jo. f. A'àsilmptiqhs . jé . . . - , . s. . ' ' . Deseriptian ...... E . . . . y. : k. y. i: s' u , , ...... u . .a . .
Sector Objective'. ' . .' t' . ' '. , '. T' .' '70. ' .'' '. k. ' ' ' ' '' ' .' '. i* . 'f'% &- '8'- i-k -i ' :éelezl 'tsvdj' 'fihal ...... 'l3lrtictl 1 . f'ood securiw is l .1 cereal output of tlw.projeçt. 1. .l #, 'i tktl,l :. .lttkrj.l c ob,jttive) . strengthened arta increases frcjm 1 sià. j0. T' tè .' ' ! : 'l'ti g'rliàiy; p' 'i.ed' uction' . . 46(,0, .y. in 200:., . , A-. te @-. : ' . - . .t!pj.gy$,..- . . , ......
Project objective . ' '. ' ' ' .(P.i+j. Obj. twds' sect. , objk) , l . Food and animal l .1 Additional production of 1..1 A'D'.'vpj'ùpèl'v.ision l'. Sqcioeconomic . . ' . ' ' .y suj mz 4.,.... ! . p roduction increased 2,800 T of milletz 7,804.7- .ù f , lklxlrtïdp. l.llttr/ijyqgresj. situation. stable; whcat, 17,500 T of maize and' ' ' ': ' fepèljilm.n) .b. ,n. rLl .t erikg-', ' 10,000 T of cattle meat produced è ' .' ek a. iu'ifjùy'tzpol'ts', Sumcient.rainfall in 2003 ' : cq. m! pl. ex 'ï ipn. .rçport 2. General Iiving 2. 1 Satisfaction ofdfiùkinj , *2.1 'Idetn conditions of the . water needs increced from 10 to , population improved l 5 l/d per inhabitant as from the third year; Enrolment ratio increased: 3420 . pupils atlend school each year as from tlze third year Health coverage rate increased. from 30 to 40% as from the third year: l00 village midwives trained at the end.of the projed, IEC programme tested in year 3 . Means of communication (feeder roads) increased by l20 km as from the third year Outputs: (Outpbt twds. proj. Obj) 1 . Development of 1 . l 13 traditional polders l. 1 RI0 ptoycess rçports; l . lqvplverrient of polders rehabilitated', 22 sand dykes (14 ' .ADB sûpervision grvers and farmers protecting, 6 main embankm' ept . missiéiit xmonitor'ing- . , ' ip'alf p' roject and 2 diving) constructed; 6 . ekaluàtiotleén-d audit iinplententation passes of 10,1 50 m dug in 2002 ' reports jhases through village management comm ittees comprising farmers anà sedentary and 2. Agricultural 2.1 Establishment of an 2.l Idem transhumant grazers development carried outreach-scnsitization and out support for research- development-extension mechanism as from year 2', 5.35 T of seeds multiplied in CAT and Gassi farm and disseminated as from year 3,' 6,190 ha ofpolder land used as from year 3 ; 260 existing groups . strengthcned r200 new ones tbrmed (including 50% women), 200 associations of various interests, lO0 service groups created; l 50 stores constructed; l 0 cereal mills and 6 weaving' units installed in year 4', 10 informal village credit funds ' supported and 200 other funds set up in year 5',
Project : DEV LAC l Date : 4 November 1998 Logical Framework of Prefecture du Lac Rural Development Project
Narrative Verifiable lndicators Means of verification Major Assumptions Description 400 persons trained in credit, 2 per fund in ycar 5 Seasonal credit fund (CFAF 30 million), equipment (CFAF 40 million) and construction (CFAF 80 million) esmblished in year 3', Local staffon contract (26 extension workers l agronomist) recruited in year 1 3. Livestock 3.1 Kouri race protection centre 3.l Agreement with development established in Matafo through ITRAD signed implementcd rehabilitation of 4 existing buildings in yem' 1 ; 200 pure race cattle comp'rising 20 males and l80 females are installed in the centre in year 3-, l 50 groups with pastoral interests, l women's outreach activities unit and 50 women's groups established', 2,500 grazers supervised and l00 kouri race bulls disseminated among grazers in year 5 ; 6 vaccination parks constructed, 14 auxiliary stafftraintd, 300,000 head of cattle vaccinated each year as from year 2,' 15 cattle schemes modelled on PSAP established', 10 cattle wells each equipped with watering troughs constructed in year 4', Local staff (8 technicians, 7 heads of veterinary posts, 5 rural coordinators) recruited in year 1 . 4. Feeder roads 4.l 120 km of feeder roads 4.1 PIU progjess report; rehabilitated rehabilitated and motorable in ADB supervlsion year 3. missions, monitoring- evaluation and audit repons 5. Health, nutritional 5. l 2 health centrts rehabilitated 5. l Idem and school coverage and 2 new ones constructed, 1 00 is improved village midwives trained in year 3. 1 9 primary schools including 13 in the polder zone and 6 in the insular zone constructed and functional in year 3', 3420 children attending school each ytar as from year 3
Project : DEV LACI Date : 4 November 1998 t tf . ,!l 6 . : . . . ) . . . Logical Framework .of .P re fv èture .d)I J)%E.*g .c . ', .R' '4#f.'àl.pqvè' td' m#fl't Prèjkçt. s qsx.t . .-,.,p w, ,. . , t ' >.. ' ' 4 . .. ' ' . '. ) . . ' - . q . . . . .'p . ),1 tk . . . . . ' : .' . ..
Narrative Verifiable Indicatop < . Yj. alt' lskéxjyd,yi i5. :!) à.t, ibh ' . ! , 4 M'. lj' bf . 7p # : . 11 CSCr i P tit) 11 '. . .' CV'. . '.' 'Q.) ...... ( . . . . 6. Drinking water 6. 1 l00 equipped village . :6.1 Idrqir. $' snpply ensured lboreholes (60 in polder zone 'and .' '! ' ' 40 in insular zone) consmicted ' and functional .in year 3 ' ' 7. Contol of silting, 7.1 Fences (1500 m/hal ' erosion of dykes and constructed managçment salinization of soils committees for maintenance and canied out . moniioring ofprotected sites set up in year 3,' Dredging of passes with shovel caterpillars before each flop.ding of the polders as from yçactl', Sodding of dyke embankments as from year 2 and 3,' . lnitial Ievelling of soils btfore flooding , a piezometre network installed in year 3,' Tubes/valves system insolled and functional as frofn year 3. 8. Project 8. 1 l project coordinator lmplementation Unit appointed, 4 technical assistants set up (1 administrative and accounts officer, l agronomist, l 'ruràl . engineer, l Iivestock expert) recruited, 7 national managerial . staffseconded and 14 supjort staffon contract recruited in year l Rehabiiitation of offices ( l 40m2 ), villas ( l 7) and warehouse in N'Djamena (250m2), procurement of vehicles, oflice and villa equipment in year 3. ' ' Activities: .Act. twds inijlem.
l . 1 lnvitations to bid, Resources . l . l List Uf goodp.and . lkTinancial resources analyze 'bids and ADF : UA l 7.30 million jerv j ce. è PI!.! :pfj grevss , .; . jjr e avgjjayje ajytj .' ' : A . ' ,. d' ' submit the results to TAF : UA 3.06 million (.q por. t. siyiz. kblàqkupçrvisic;ii 'rljeir allocation the Bank for GVT : UA 2. yjy .. . . . j j yys are 26 million mtnissioh' jl-J.' pnitgring- cond t .0 approval BNF : UA 0,62 million evaluatinn treipolis, audit Satisfactory Total : UA 23.24 million l repörts; tnisL.z -te'nr. rev.i eF' ahd complçlibn reports' O P 2. l Prepare outreach (in UA mill ion) 2 . 1 1d. em activities and Dcv. polders : 1 0.14 senqitization as well Agric. Dev. 5.87 . as fanner-grazer Livestock dev. 2.50 organization Attend. Act. 2.52 programmes Proj. man. : 2.2 l
Prepare protocol Total 23.24 agreements with CAT and Gassi farm . for seed multiplication
Project : DEV LAC l Date : 4 Novetnbrr 1998 AFRICAN DEVELOPM ENT FUN D
01. BP. 1387 ABIDJAN 01 Tel : 20-44-44; 20-48-48
PROJECT BRIEF
Date: September 1998
n e inform ation given hereunder is intended to provide som e guidance to prospective suppliers, contractors, consultants and a1l persons interested in the procurem ent of goods and services for projects approved by the Board of Directors of the Bank Group. M ore deuiled information may be obtained from ihe Executing Agency of the Borrower.
CO UNTRY AN D PROJECT TITLE Republic of Chad: Préfecture du Lac Rural Development Project
LOCATION Préfecture du Lac, Chad.
BORROW ER Governm ent of the Republic of Chad.
BEN EFICIARY A ND EXECUTIN G M inistry of Agriculm re: AGENCY Société de développem ent du 1ac (SODELAC) BP 782 Ndjamena Te1: (235) 52 35 03 Fax : (235) 52 32 38 PROJECT DESCRIPTION : The main components of the project are: the rehabilitation of 13 polders through the construction of 22 dykes, the digging of 6 passes and the levelling of polder lands; (ii) the structuring of the rural world for intensive agriculture on 33,300 ha; (iii) the protection of kouri race cattle and intensive animal production', (iv) poverty reduction activities: construction of 100 equipped village boreholes, 19 primary schools, 4 health centres w it.h 2 rehabilitated', rehabilitation of 120 km of feeder roads; and supplying the Project lmplementation Unit (PlU) with qualified staff and efficient logistics.
6. TOTAL COST U A 23.24 m illion.
i) Foreign exchange costs UA 16.75 million. ii) Local currency costs UA 6.49 million.
7. ADF FINANCING U A 17.30 m illion
TAF GRANT UA 3.06 m illion Y' a = o *'.
2/
' .. j .'. ' ' . . . . ;r. OTHER SO URCES OF FINAN CE % . ' . , , . . . ( ; . - : . ! - . k .
Govern ment of Chad . i: . , z Ij A 2.,2' '6'gm,itlliim .' . 1 - ' . ;. . '<. : Bewetu iaries . ,u'A e.,kd. 2 .,w,ul,l.i.on
. . 'L . ' ' 9 AppRovAt- DATE : b ecember 1998.
10. PROVISIONAL START-UP DATE AND DURATION 71Ily 1999; 5 years
1 1 . PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SEFVIC#E. S;:
k N ; ' ( ' ' Civil works: constmction of dyke. s. ., . . tp:sàes, bofzfioles, and feeder roads . will be procured through international èompétiit:îyr. b.id'ztnc. . ( The manual pumps, drugs and veterinary lj yoducts will .be ptocured juy ougu international shoppinc.
The vehicles, equipment, tools, supplies and 1, . J'niture will be procured through international shoopinc.
The constnzction and rehabilitation work. s on7 huildings (h. kglth centres, schools, villas
and oftkes), the . construction of watqi poikpfg.. vntirwosit.m develo, pm ent wurks and
silting control will be procured. throughmâtîèhil eëizp-tti'ttk: biddinz.
Services for civil works m onitoring apd ctw trol and im plea entation of the various components (training, credit, village tpggnizétiog, q:tç.) will' be acquired on t,1 1. e bsésis of
a short list prepared after p re'q' p'llificatinn, eyèltld, itg the extension-:resealth- development component which will b: implenîènted ,b'y fckce acbolmt bv' D VP' of SO DELAC .
. &. , : The Technical Assistance staff (rural engiq4ti? agronomist, animal krçedipg experta
accounts management expert), prok. i d' ç d . to, P. .ItJ And' th e D.irectprâte General of SODELAC will be recruited through ctippetition based on a shoyt list. The services of an audit finn will be jrocured through competitlve biddinj based on a short list of finns. 12. CONSULTANCY SERVICES REOW IWD: Consultancy services will be required to assis'l the P1U in its mission (1 admihistrative
and accounts management expert .448 SM )*, 1. rur>l engineer (48 SM ), 1 agricultural expert (42 SM) and 1 livestock expert . specialized in' animal brèeding (42 SM). ... .
SUM M ARY. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOM M ENDATIONS
1. BORROW ER Republic of Chad.
2. BENEFICIARY AND EXECUTING M inistry of Agriculture: A GENCY Sœ iété - de développement du 1ac (SODELAC) 3. ADF LOAN a) Amount UA 17.30 million b) Terms i) Duration Fifty (50) years, including a lo-year grace period; ii) Service Charge 0.75 % per year of toGl nmount disbursed and outstnnding; iii) Commi% ent Charge 0.50 % on the undisbursed amount of the loan, stm ing ninety (90) days aher loan agreem ent signam re; iv) Repayment n e principal will be repaid nnnually at one percent (1 %) from the 11th to the 20th year, and three percent (3%) thereafter. TAF GM NT UA 3.06 m illion
4. OBJECTIVE OF LOAN/GM NT : The loan and grant, which am ount to UA 20.36 million, will be used to cover all foreign exchange costs and part of the local currency costs, representing 72. 1 % and 15.5 % respectively of the total project cost.
THE PROJECT
(1) Obiectives Sector Obiective: The Préfecture du I-aac rural development project aims at strengthening the country's food security.
Proiect Objective: Specifically, the objective of the project is to increase food and animal production, as well as improve the general living conditions of the population in the Préfecture du l-ac.
(2) Description of Proiect Outputs The main outputs of the project are as follows: (i) the construction of 22 dykes, the digging of 6 passes, the sodding of dyke embankments, reforestation around polders and soil levelling within the polders; i.i
. ' . . . ' . .t ' . . ,
ivp iiytàè-t h, a'nigm f,o . p .far. m, . ers , th. e (.ii) th.E xe esla b, lishm. en. : t of an outreach, an. . d' ' se. nt jsiitkyh. x . iqitj.éss , :m. èc.z m. , Lz .j. wt;l .3.%+. ;J h ' ; .er#ir;. u .ar.?l ,J a . .< .: . .e j N. . ': . . ' .' . ' u1' tiplication nnd dlssem ination of selectedys ,. :e#4 . éi. t. d.33t: ;hth. e. t'r ql,n.l,n. g bf C. AT employeesk; ' ,ç . . . : .. ' . . . , . . è' , ' ' 'L .. ' . y (iii) the utiliz ation of 6, 190 ha of dev' e'lo 1 ' .' . '-p- .old è'2t' tlénds, 'the- estab. lish, m' . ent of a sup.port m echam. sm for researchd evelopmenvextd' > ion,' . . '
(ik) th. e establishment of a centm for' t1.. prpl#ctiop..! ö- f'yhtkpuri :race cattle; organizatit'm and . . h' ë*u y. f . . J (; . . . . ' sup. erkision of cattle grazers; mùltipliç/titm 'à-qd ', d..îk,'d'ç'm: .1n atilm (jf sir:s nmong grazers, . L .. af : , establixhm. ent of àn anlmal health program me and a wè, k. &çii s Uutreach activities un.t t. . J . .. ' (v) esGblishment of an agricultural credit ftz'hd' to pfk:yzjt . . ' - ' .d' e fmancigl assistance to far;m ers apd grazers for the procurement of inputs ('seed. sk . vétet :lJtlihe ary prod' ucts) and. anl;m. al tradion e C1u ipment,' (vi) promotion and strengthening of existilm yillâae ç'pé.i'n, izaliens (2 60) and. establishi ment of 500 new ötgnnizations, construdion of 150 cullecti/kè' storej' ànd'' in'stallation of 10 cereal n'l i lls ;
(vii) rehabilitation of 2 health centes and qprtstrtzdien andj' :quip, nient of 2 new . cehtres, C,t. construction of 19 prinpry schools of 3 classèi'. eack. cènjtrttotion of '100 village boreleles equijp ed with manual pllmps, rehabilitation öf '120 km'. öf feed e.r roads, and construction of 10 cattle wells', (viii) establishment of a piezometric network f9r mop/iàiing tlw groundwater table of polders, control of erosion, silting and desertitkation otmfrel, contrèl of salinfzation', rational :!; . ' . . . managerrient of natural resources and environm' .ç/tal' mpij toring; (ix) preliminary studies on the implementation of the various project components (credit, boreholes, h ealth centres, schools, eto . The main project components are:
A. Development of Polders; B. Agricultural Development', C. Livestock Developm ent; D . Associated Activities; E. Project M anagement.
6. PROJECT COST ESTIM ATES
The total project cost is estimated ait UA 'J 23..24 m illion, broken down for each component i n f ore i gn exchangè and local 'dtirre'ncy 'as föllows: 'N .v
iii
Surnmarv Proiect Cost Estimates bv Comx nent (in UA million) Comx nents F.E. L.C. Toul % F.E.
A. Development of Polders 5.81 2.76 8.57 68 B. Agricultural Development 3.77 1.29 5.% 74 C. Livestœ k Development 1.88 0.32 2.20 85 D. Associated activities 1.O 0.28 2..18 87 E. Project Mnnngement 1.33 0.65 1.98 67 Base cost 14.69 5.30 19.* 73 Physical contingencies 1.20 0.36 1.56 77 Price escalation 0.86 0.83 1.69 51 Total Project Cost 16.75 6.49 23.24 72 7. SOURCES OF FINANCE
The project will be flnnnced jointly by ADF, TAF, the Government of Chad and the benetk iaries, as shown in the table below. ADF contribution will be UA 17.30 m illion (which represents 74.4% of the total project cost). It will be used in fmancing most of the foreign exchange and local currency costs of the project, excluding costs relating to technical assistance and training which will be tinanced from TAF resources (UA 3.06 million), and the local currency costs on local staff, operating costs, maintenance of community infrastnzcture which will be borne by the Government and beneticiaries. ADF coneibution in the tinancing of local currency costs accounts for 15.5 % of the total project cost. Sources of Finance (in UA million) Source F.E. Local Currencv Total % of total
AD F 13.75 3.55 17.30 74 TAF 3.(% 0.06 3.06 13 GOVT. 226 2.26 10 BENEF. 0.62 0.62 3
Total 6.49 23.24 100
8, SOURCES OF FINANCE BY COM PONENT
The sources of finance by project component is as follows:
Sources of Finance by Component (in UA million) Sources/comoonents ADF TAF GVT BEN TOTAL
A. Dev. of Polders 7.50 0.36 1 .72 0.56 10 . 14 B. Agric. Dev. 4.76 0.89 0.21 0.01 5.87 C. Livestock Dev. l .84 0.60 0.05 0.01 2 .50 D. Associated activities 2 . 17 0.23 0.08 0.04 2 .52 E. Project Management 1.03 0.98 0.20 0.(X) 2 .2 1 Total Project Cost 17.30 2.26 0.62 23.24 '
. 9. PROJECT IM PLEM ENTATION L ' '' ...... ' . E )' s;. ..g. t . .r . . . . . z j . WOJCCt lmplementation Will cover 5 (fi#t- ) .yèà#.j. ;.:fj4 j t. *t jsjuj. jts: jy.j . agxemoe ryjt eflb ctiv' è.lh. esS . . j'J ' è ' ; ' Jr 4 ' .' u The prokisional scheilule for the mnl. o. f-' !'m': p.jl ' èl' i. . lj' k. li+t.â2.t '( 7 ). . . . .4 .y k u . . - ' ' ' , i' ' ö' ri tàdtimqkjl:iylay*' be . 'su' m' m, llir.l..z w. .I ' 'aj follows: . . .
Activities/Actions Initiated Staml'!p. Durat'Llon Board approval ADF J/ ua.!y 99 1 month S'ignature loan agreement ADF/GVT flèb. u-March 99 2 monyhs Esublishment of PlU GVT Feb. - Juxly 99 ' 6 months Recruitm ëlit of Iocal stafr GVT July - Dez. 99 6 m onths' Loan eFectiveness GVT/ADF Junç-luly 99 2 months Inviution to bid and recruitment of Technical Assistance PIU/ADF July = Sept. 99 3 months Prelim. Studies and BD PIU S'çpt. - Dec. 99 3 months Preparation BD for infrutrucmre works PlU Sep. t. - Dec. 99 3 m onths Invitation to bid and selection of entemrises PIU/ADF Jan. - Marcà 2000 3 m onths Im plementation construction works dykes and passes PIU/Entem./ADF Jtih'e 2000zDec. 20071 18 months Agriculm ral development Pluc en. July 99.:+ Dec. 2003 54 months Livestock deyelopment Plu& en. J.ulk 99 - Dec. 2003 54 months Associated.aetivities Construction feeder roads Conjtruction boreholes Plu/Enterp. Jàn. 2001- Jan. 2002 12 months Construction cattle wells Adivities/Actions (cont'd) Initiated Start-up Duration Construction schools/heaIth cenles Environmental monitoring PIU/GVT Jan. 2000 - Dec. 2003 48 m onths Monitoring evaluation PIU/GVT July 99 - Dec. 2003 54 months Mid-term evaluation ADF/GVT Oct. 2001 l months Audit PIU/ADF Start-up each year as from year 2000
10. EXPENDITURE SCHEDULE
Project expendimre will be made according to the following schedule: Expenditure Schedule bv Component (in UA million) Comx nents 1999 210 2œ 1 2œ 2 2œ 3 Toul
A. Dev. of N lders 0.39 4.01 4.74 0.58 0.42 10.14 B. Agric. Dev. 0.54 1.35 1.44 1 .36 1. 18 5.87 C. Livestœ k Dev. 0.59 1.03 0.41 0.31 1. 16 2.50 D. Associated activities 0.14 0.95 1.26 0.08 0.09 2.52 E. Project Mnnngement 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.43 0.40 2.21 Total Project Cost 2.11 7.81 8.31 2.76 2.25 23.24
In accordance with the above expenditure schedule by component, the expenditure by source of fmance will be m ade according to the following schedule:
Expendim re Schedule bv Source of Finance (in UA million) Sources 1999 24* 2œ 1 2œ 2 2œ 3 Toul
ADF 1.34 6.34 6.78 1.44 1.40 17.30 TAF 0.40 0.O 0.87 0.63 0.26 3.06 GOVT. 0.36 0.42 0.46 0.49 0.53 2.26 BENEF. 0.01 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.06 0.62
TOTAL 2. 1 1 7 . 8 1 8 .31 2.76 2.25 23.24
PROCUREM ENT OF GOODS AND SERW CES
The goods and services required for project implemenution will be procured in accordance with relevant ADF and TAF rtzles of procedure, as follows:
Civil works: construction of dykes, passes, boreholes, feeder roads will be procured through international competitive bidding.
M anual pum ps, dm gs and veterinary products will be procured through international shoppinc.
Vehicles, equipment, tools, supplies and furniture will be procured through international shopping. w. .
V11
The construction and rehabilitation works on buildings (health centres, schools, villas and offices), the construction of water point-s, development works for erosion and silting control will be procured through national com petitive bidding.
The services relating to civil works monitoring and control and to implementation of the various components (training, credit, village organization) will be procured on the basis of a short list made aher pregualification, excluding the extension- research-development component, which will be implem ented by force account by CVP of SODELAC',
The Technical Assistance staff (rural engineer, agronomist, animal breeding expert, accounts management expert) for the PIU and Directorate General of SODELAC will be recruited through competition based on a short list.
The services of an audit firm will be procured through competitive bidding based on a short list of audit firm s.
12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOM M ENDATIONS
Conclusions The Préfecture du Lac rural development project will be implemented in an area where the natural conditions are conducive to the type of crops proposed. lt is in line with the Government's policy. 11 implementation will introduce sustainnble agriculture adapted to the natural and econom ic environm ent of the area. The improvem ents proposed in relation to agricultural, livestock, health, education and rural drainage activities will lead to increased production and income, the creation of agriculmral jobs (estimated at about 5 million days of work) and improvement of living conditio> . In this way, the project will contribute to strengthening food security and poverty reduction. The project is considered technically possible as well as economically, financially and environmentally viable. 1ts economic rate of rettzrn stands at 16.57 % .
Recommendations
ln view of the above-m entioned considerations, it is recommended that a loan not exceeding UA 17.30 m illion from ADF resources and a grant not exceeding UA 3.06 million from TAF resources be extended to the Republic of Chad. The loan will be subject to the following conditions:
Effectiveness of the loan agreement will be subject to fulfilment of the following conditions by the Borrower:
Provide the Fund with evidence of the establishment of a project implementation unit within SODELAC (paragraph 5. 1.1),' ii) Provide the Fund with evidence of the appoin% ent of the Coordinator, Head of the PIU, whose CV will be submitted to the Fund for prior approval (paragraph 5.1.1); ' ' '' . . . . . r. L .e .. t. ; g..t û1. $ àI J. . ; .Jr 8F.t>J r.' x( !; .J'.w .: .T*. y r .'C . t. Q'. . './ 'w h-jn .: . k 't .t i. . ;:! '. s. .' : ;.> v' > a. .:-.5 : .- =.7'. 4.u .. 7.. ?t . '. , ;...... , .g . . . s, r ...... j.y x. k. ,: c. . +1 ; J ' . $ twy. , . ' f;, .%' . ' ':#' a) . , . . ' . :..4- , ' ...... s . wt.7 #.'4-/œy, .2 .. . . , .. . .z -. ..> ' . c zr.y uTj r. . Mh % * . k'k . V' 1 1.1 ' . . . ' 2. h. . . j. t'.yK. . w..' 'z >' . . . . '* lk .' 'f * . )' . . . . . * e ' . ' ' . ' 'F M. ' ' : . 4';i.zu. Pro. vi de e Fl lnd wi evi de. nc. e o. f '. . , e.,' ce.-swt'J4tlb,' 'lilskhl -m, . 'e. n t .0., f: ' . 'a-n' ,1n le. - r=' .:?, '4'n., -i.1 s,'.te:r.'j,l'a. l.s;.'.-SJ ',te. e-..ry1n. ; g' '. s - . ) >. g. . 111) . '!J . ' . . mgx . . ,.7:px.. t ,. . . : . . . ry ' '. .'z. ylj' '. Ommlttee Dreslde Over V. . ; e.<- . , ,& . lnel' ij.Ie.Sr'. t.sek. -(r-*F . .a: 0.y4y uzf . ,. .i4 :4j u,e' ;, JP.e/2 . . n'. 'n. ; . @ ; ' : ', .s. .C . 0,. . m..y.' D'x #uçl: Sw' p v .:.>j@t ., f. .à '
Prelj are term s Of re je rence d. vj. -jo. 1 n. g. . th, ' : j çxyp.i(j jjjjbilitieA ' cjf the G enerà'l M' anY r' ger of . . v . , iv) . . . : . .. . . S' ODELAC and those of the Pgtjlee. dljy :; )j. y. f' . j,. jy;q-.(sj 2;,rt . . a . . , t tr.uflpyljh't.fbn/,:n-tè. r! t,1 1e draff of wh'ich sh. ötz' dld. ' be - . . 'ê ' sttbmltted to th e Fund for priot ap. p' f;ö ksa ' -) t ..( fh ' ' ' ': #r : .. . . ' ' ' -' - ' ' ' ' .!p. apgràph 5.2.3); '! .
. * . .
Provide the Fund with evidehce o. f : ozp''-Qenilp'. 'c 4 .a, çcouh. ts with ' comm et. cial banks. ; the fl.t st accollnt will receive the cré. d. it. ftili:y il. hjnsft .t .z u '*-'e ' ' .7-s':q i;t s'tal ' . . ' . ' . . f, 'tl' lC. .rfd, ' th éckrkpâylhent's öf' 'lonnc & grahted . to g. rOups, the thlrd the resources 1j -. O' f th, éJ ko, Pi ..e .b tta tlj,n g u.o ' . j . , ! . . vi) Give ah undertak ing to the Fund.,' .(a) tn .'assigii 'tql- 8 'hèqlèili .a. nd t. each,lng ktz. .f.f .req. uitèd . ., $ j. . ,, . . for the smooth nmnlng of infrastructi rè' # 'hibh wil'l be eolt, sth' j' ete. d undt?. th. e prtn.ect, and (b) to bear the operating costs of the L' .l n-; f' r, ast.r t'i c' ture (tp ' atpgtà/' . hs 4,. ' . . - . -- . . ' 4. 14 and 5.6.2) . , . b) Other Conditions ln addition, the Government shall: ' .. . . i) submit to the Fund, not later thaù six (6) .:m(t)gl1. th s. follpwi,ng th. e signl. n.g of the 1öan agreement . . . . j . . . . ;. ! . , the agreements concludtd with .i.liè. speçiallz ed: 'ageùùiéj responkible for ' ' * ./L.- . ' l. mplementing the various projéct colffp bti. éh. ts'.'() .p! .'aragrgph 5:.'1 .1)-, . J .1 ,j '. ' submit to the Fund, not later thah gix'' (6) rïiö. nth s following the signjpg of the loan agreement, the programme of actio: fo. t tlte j .é lwirorli.n ' e.f ltal monitùiing o' f .projéd' activities (paragraph 4.8.7)', iii) communicate to the Fund, not later 'fh' Mfl th. r'eè .(j) months following corlstruction Uf the health centres and schools, the letters gf bl n.beyttadding rel,é tlilg to the management of the facilities, concluded between the M im: jtry' ' . èoncerhed ànd the v.i llage managem' .en.t committees) ; assign, not later than three (3) monthj' 'folloFipg the constnlctio'n of the schools and health centres, the staff required to zfl' julfe ,2 ttzd smooth running of tlw project facilities (paragraph 4.4. 14). ' INTRODUCTION Origin and Historv of the Project 1. 1 .1 The Préfecture du Lac rural development project stems from thè Région du taac Development Rehabilitation Programme fmanced by ADF in 1987. One of the objectives of the project was to prepare a master plan for the development of the l mke Châd region and to identify at least 2 priority projects whose feasibility study waj' also to be finnnced by ADF. 'rhey were the insular zone rural development project and the polders development project which, because of their complementarity and location within the same prefecmre, were combined into one project known as Rthe Préfecttlre du txetc rural development project'' . The feasibility smdy of the project was fmalized in July 1998. 1.1.2 It is against this background that the Government of Chad requested the assistance of the Bank for the flnnncing of the present project. The project aims at: (i) developing polders in order to increase farmlands and thereby agricultural production; and (ii) providing guidance to farmers and grnzers in the prefecmre. The project also provides for the construction of various socio-econom ic facilities to improve the general living conditions of the population and reduce poverty. These objectives, which are consistent with the Government's nzral development policy, also tally with ADF policy which gives priority to an integrated approach to poverty reduction. On the basis of the feasibility study of July 1998, the Bnnk undertook an appraisal mission to Chad in August 1998 which 1ed to the preparation of this report. 1.2 Perfonnance of Sim ilar Proiects in the Country 1.2.1 The following H igation projects were implemented with the support of donors: Bongor, Nya, Banda, Berim , Guini, and Kindjaria. The first three are large schemes m anaged by State com orations; Berim and Guini are m odern polders supervised by SODELAC, while Kindjaria is an improved traditional polder managed by village groups. 1.2.2 The large schemes in the south recorded modest perfonnance. Technical (poor design of the schemes), organizational mureaucracy) and management (often lax) diftkulties 1ed to their being shelved. The m odern polders record good perform ance but require a drainage network for washing away excess salts. Their operating costs are high and the fa' nners' lack of mnnngement slcills justify SODELAC'S supervision, and its services are remunerated in the fonn charges settled in kind at the end of each season. The improved traditional polders, under cultivation with total control of submersion because of their simplicity and relatively low operating costs, rem ain the type of farm m ost adapted to the technical and socio-economic conditions of the Préfecture du Lac. 1.2.3 As regards nlral development, there is the food security project in North-Guera financed by FIDA with the cooperation of the Bank. The project, which comprises several activities (feeder roads, boreholes, research-development, health and agricultural production), is ongoing and is being implemented satisfactorily. . .'r ' . ; . z a %'' r . . . . . ' .. 'y: ' . . .' . . ' . ' . ' . . y .' L.bc >. . - . a ..:. . . . :. . . . x . ,.. . . : . . x . . ,. . . . , . . : . rfr '' , 1 . . .;u,k -y u' .' . -.:. . t '' . . ' ; . . + y ;.: '.' u ...... ;. '. ,- . . . . ' . . 2 .4 1 . e experlence from, . . e a'b ovt .. .'.tp' .r'*.' 1'e.'.c -tG -.krk'-'.e. m'-'-p'%k a's'ls' .,4s. h e. n' c'.xefo. T l ' . p.l.ac. ed '..0. n' :a' .'*,4'.14. , . ' uK 4b: f ' . r :' .) jkJ k'( . y. 4:/ .-'à.' 1. 7. .j ) h'er/. :' 7 .:';!r.J ?xj'y .i x' M t. t '' .'q ' P * J K: fg'. j ' j, . . . '' ' .' J:x-; .. :k? vw-x . . * . * Jk ' . AK -' pr . ! . - ' e reh; a.br tl! .1't.2 tlon and 'reorganl.y'm tlon' 'O. f -l.ar. e. -). .'s. ci-hle.-1;1'iI-e w . . u. i n. . ,. . .z g, , w ,w y, . !.s4.,.kw 1.., .' sfa-sr M. xl.cr-. . , . ..c ... u . . , . -.k . . . . ,. ., . ... ). ;,.,. .;).f)j, . . . y ;. .., x , . .. . g,y.j.j y , .. ;.j,s,.y,.j. . ' ' . . .' ,- ln favou '.r of e fanners '- (1. 1) e. ' .p. t. o''m'.' '.,: zoy'tm.?-:l.-!e4- nt.bbk.-d.: %cbt,og'/f4xf '..' ezr ys-tlmv' .r' .a. 'lT' lu.f h:gn . 'uw-' j!? u, g-.zpa't'ce.A. d-' f- .b' v-s ct.h. ' . e' t m) '.<'. e' sv .$t . a. n' . ,'. -. (. 71 1. 4- -i' a . z . ' '- ' -- ' '' , - .:1 '.!r-I k-'1l .. , lr-di,r liltlik.l:)p 1 lLhll 1l' 1;1 1:.1: 4:), 1rq.l .4:2. 1(r ltllrlsl- (:IL 1L1l)Jl 4:2, lr-. l::1.1 .)(:, 4:. 2.1 4J: .Z L4:: 1(r 11;.' 1.:.1 /:j'/ '. . '1!.1-;-k 4:#E!2') p)- 12!:#1..,'!Iiq-. E;,qI)h-F,ëa'd lk'srdt.E-ltzr-ltx:fls-Jqli-lr. -4:,1 L. ,.r; 4-j'$j. /r(2.:!,-.(.j1(j 4,:.)1:r?' j);.(kF12 1l:.', jji-g 4j:,j) ,t'-3fï.,' .. . . . ' . i- i.!(j. )1 , di.!-: ,-.,'-; -4:.21 .di,:jj , ;jI;)( 4;ïj,:-.j1I:,;:i lr. ,.yr , j'( :-h 1(- 4:,) ,:b. i-'tk,k.), . . , . . . . . ' = . . . q. , : ' . 1.? ,; ?uq :. $ l:r. . ). 'Fr! &q: - tja:t. t-vb -r!h )/ :) fk. . r:il:z él;ht . lq , tjr., , -- ; p!qv-t xr .. . : j ) .-;;'. . 1L:I7 lik :,kT@,(i. . Lt. . .;. . .; 'r zïqji,. . ,. ,j( 1r- œ;y q.K : ...... i ;. . . ;. ,.j; ; 2. ;; . 145. A . ? ,. .t;.j q1;4;.4 ,;?j. .. . ;! . , ;. . .,- . .a . -: . . - .- :!11--!1 ti - : ..1-,1:pll, 4:1:.1 1t)-1l 4:), lr-'l Jql 1.jl:p 4:). 1 (Elkdi,r 1r- 1E; . . 41:: j(;. )l-tz:r 15; d:): l-lzltl jI;.) ,' 1.r .- (:) .JI .3i t. 4:. 2:- 11:.' ; 4:1 L)1(-.r1. 51-t:b.;- .b ,' 15;. -:,:-4:. 2'1 ,1.1-1.;). 1t:;1l. -,1 l'1.(5; . 42,.:a',p.(-ë. ,-.-.-.1(. r:)1l-4-2).:-1.r-1-L.4 :...d(-2.-:,y :-.. -. .,.1 .:.j.1 .,1;:., 1(. r: 4.:.2 41;:-.1 .4:,.2-4 1.i ;.36.t -.1-1; t : 1:.4:.2 ., 1(:. d.ï ,:... 1.i :1p1L!qlj1L1l',ql 1!:42.: : 1 3 exlstlng tradltlonal polders . ? 'f'. k.='r9r -.* $::) qlrjj .'.vk..>.'œ: ; ..'.r.jnz'(g r1.7 R.u7.' $t'rL$' vn ... ' 7'% $ <. tz 'x'> . -.' -'.: n. . . , $ . . r:l s.' . )'a&fe: 1a 'fr as well as. c. 'o. . sf c-'t Azsib. . , . , . '.: . . 07 ' ' . 't -rays. . , , : crtu. ' .,rae . ' ' . r .' :. ' ' . ' . ' . 1 î . ' ?;t ; ' ' . : . '. 2. THE AG CULTU SE, CTO.Rt' ', :.. 2.1 General 1 7 x r ' ' ' < ' % . R - . . . . a. uf , . . 2 . 1 . 1 The natlonal economy ls, 1: 11 . * ' ' ,' ' .1g' .k: :'ly' .:4. ö.# '.m zp= -l/jtedx .,h y' . t. hq. kag.p , tcp, ltttrd al . ge. .' ctor, wh. lçh' . . . . . :& èl'ï'ï w f ' . ' éljql s 4* . 1 . . ' f' ( *. . . ., employs 80 Do èf the p. opulatlo n and ac. eo. unt. g. . . . . : :r . . ,sf, p.o ,j m.r .'.y jM-bak j', zk,k'jl'j'.-)8.; '5. :.F, o' , bf. irth 4 Je éxpj (jltt , en. r.n .- 11j g,s . 1ts contnbutlon to the GDP ls 40% wlth two thlrdss . , yg. .,y, juyuajtjjjr; anj 0.', .e f est. f.r om' vlwi.i e' .s: t-o. ck . : , . ô : . . ., . . , . . 4 , . : . -, :?t,tê. rilï):, . : k . Chad s . , . .- - agriculture is essentlally tradltional qn d ra. lp. f#. .d,s m oreovkr, .lt d epend ts heàvily on ' cl1m. atic conditions . ! î? . . ' . . . J ' t ' ' ' 2. 1 .2 Agriculmral production is d'ikçbsifi ede-lpni d. . oqi.r iptl.jefs /,c.>:h cmp s, fe* crdps, fruits and . <. . +..%. ' b ) . . .(j( t.'z . . r $*.- ', . . : .,# . ) T , u z) -' . ' ...... vegeubles. About 2,4:x). ,4:1. ha. ére ,qlfltik' aib.fleia.k. h. . veàr- by. ,. s4b. #) gf t 9*' ;.tXk) : rfar.m ; ' ers, . ? ks .. . .y, 4.:k ,. :...... > :. . , .. -r...... which represents nn akerage of 2 ha per fnm# ,1y. ).Rl.à, k,t. t'p iqd. tlt.. tijm ,depeilês essentially. en . . : . . ., tj : . . J' . . -. ! . ., . : , : . ) . . . , . . . J. t!yr' . . . . :lk; :à q . rainfed agriculmre, although flood receysion c% ' ro' ?p< s '.((j6. tkh. lilm mn. d m aize). are tsub stn.ntlél anj(rj. . . , . ; N '' '' r. *-e S b' . .; jr. , . . < '. ' . . . . . cover about 10 % of the sowed area! . H i'.e14-.a? ted'* . aeriqplitu' .lie'. 'wit. h .total br 'pe ial, Ceontrol of . . *-' . )jzk -. !.i j.. . r ' .> ; . . ,jt . ' . water, covers a low percentage of the cult' ri'' v, a' t. ed land' e. ,% Tr1.ke; p. m duqtign sy. s'tem is extensly. e Jmd ?. x . . :t,t . t., ; è ;. R x . . ''' '' ..j . ; .*.' . , . : unproductive, and is based mainly on subsisténce âgrit.utttzt.e, wh.l eh varies from one agTo- - J '-'' 1 ecological region to another. . 2.2 Crops Grown ' . t. :' :j! '. . 2.2 . 1 Food crops are dominp ted b . . .y c, ç. r. ex als . t.,ir sr' h.!g iIjl çt.i,, s:!fjrgj.t . tlm, rice-. ,. and. m, aize) wit. h. a ' n',' national outp ut estim ated in 1996/97 é.t 877 ,'7.œ, tcm,. .è. :v U'' 1b, Akkitwus tplaii ts Jtzroun.d' nuts àn d sesame), because of their high nutritive and com. -, mf,z'' t rkd, li â!l ,r: value ,are increaslngly occupying ; ' . . . . ' 2. 7,7*: .''. . . . j ' , . .. . more land: 413,440 ha for an output of 272,910 tbnnès Citj '1 996/97. ' . c' lim atç zone 2.2.2 Cotton is the m ain cash crop., ,It js groW'.i%. .1 11the Sl$4. anese. . :by 240 ' 000 producers on an average area of - 2FL 0.0' :î ,*.,J 9 q hqs .bj pytp$ tk'. s .is estit.' n) ' ated at a':ou. i 230' '' 00'O .: .t'.t. . . . tonnes per year. It provides the Mghest btldr getary tek,. p n-u v. ':. I p.tlie .produçtike sector, o,r 2. 0% of t.tl e tax revenue and 60% of the export enrnl' ngs. ' . . Q . . ' ,' .! . . 2.2.3 Vegetable crops (all types) coyèltèd' . gb.' i'i' kvtft .. 1.20,0. 00 tla in 1996/97. Thçy are .* . . . è : . . . .&.. ' : m ainly developed. around large urban aregs Fhem: the: ate eagily sold. Thç totàl outo' ut was : .'-. ) . z *'-' u * ' ' 'A' . estimated at 1 million tolmes. The averagè aréa pey *'f.à.fm is about 10 to 10 ateqs (sweet . ' : ? ' . potatoes, tomatoes, Okra, etc.). )- .. 2 . 3 Livestock ' ' J ' ' ' Anl. mal production is lu. gh in çhad. h.alsikestock provides 40.% of exports and contributes 13% of GDP. The dom inant reaè. m,) g . miEIj' k. e' t,.,hq' t..ö )). d is nomgdlc.' a. n,' d...y., ex' tensive. . , w:. hil: sedentary stockbreeding takes place only in the 'Xoutlz'tt: .1 ï , . ; :. (. .a : ), 399. 6, Q. hàd h' ad '1 . 3 mtllibn head of cattle, 6.6 million sheep and goats, 1.0 mirlllcmyeam . .& elld. taç.' Chad is self-suffi dient in meat, and exports it to neighbouring countries, Nigeria iri # àrt.@ k ç i'(k1'L il' .kki- .' ' :. . 3 2.4 Fishing Fishing is carried out in m any stretches of water in Chad, especially Imke Chad, the Logone-chari complex, interior lakes, and flooded plains. 'I'he fishing potential of this hydrographic complex, which dem nds heavily on rainfall, is estimated at 60,4K tormes per year during drought, 1œ ,(K tonnes per year during periods of normal l'aitifall and 120,(+ tonnes during perie s of heavy rainfall. Current output ranges from 30,4K to 40,4K tonnes per year, which represents about 10% of GDP. 2.5 Sector Potentials and Constraints 2.5. 1 Chad has wide expanses of diversified lands covering about 39 m illion ha with only 2 million under cultivation. The diverse dlimatic conditions offer it possibilities of growing m any varieties of crops. In view of the high population of livestock in the country, the integration of agriculmre and livestock offers wide possibilities for improving production. 2.5.2 Agriculmre in Chad faces the following constraints: (i) 1ow rainfall and its poor distribution in time and space; (ii) the lack of organization nmong farmers and inadequate technical guidance to the farmers; (iii) the diftkult access to pre uction areas; (iv) poor mnnngement of water resources; (v) inndequate, and even lack of, agriculmral credit; (vi) inndequate storage and processing facilities for agricultural products; and (vii) high rate of animal diseases. Agricultural Development Policies The Chadian Government strategy as detined with the donors is as follows: (i) sustainable food self-suftkiency and security; (ii) creation of an enabling environment for production and marketing, along with modernizmtion of support strucmres; (iii) promotion of farmers' organizmtions required to play a role in the m anagement of activities at .the community level; (iv) restoration and conservation of natural resources; and (v) poverty reduction through increase in farmers' income. 2.7 Institutions of the Sector 2.7.1 The M inistry of Agriculture is responsible for designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating a11 programmes aim ed at food security and promotion of the rural World. It comprises a Directorate General, wlzich supervises all the technical directorates as well as agencies under its supervisory authority: the Plant Protection and Packaging Directorate (DPVC), the Directorate of Agriculmral Education, Training and Rural Promotion (DEAFPR), the Directorate of the Promotion of Agricultural Production and Food Security (DPPASA), and lastly the Directorate of Rural Engineering and Agricultural Hydraulics (DGRHA). Livestock is under the responsibility of the M inistry of Livestock, which has a Directorate General and the Directorate of Livestock, the Directorate of Veterinary and Zootechnical Education, Training and Research and the Directorate of Pastoral Organization. Fishing is under the M inistry of W ater and the Environment, which has a Directorate of Fishing. 2.7.2 Agricultural extension is ensured by the Oftice national du développement nzral (ONDR) (National Rural Development Authority) throughout the country, except the Lake Chad region, which is under the responsibility of Société de développem ent du Lac e Tchad (SODELAC)(1 mke Chad Developm, elj t fo1#' dtàtioh). .' T.h.. se two C.QK'. . gtations 'are rural develop ment actikr i!; tiè7 j1., f ' . ', 'ljs .L .' . ': . . . . . *k . r. .' g' , :. . responsihle for a1l . . . ). ('tz. %lnsl.' ië i. lg, , org: an. . '1.z . .u 'tio. fj' 'àntl. ,' 'sup kfkibioiz- 4f producers). . ' l ,, . ' ' .. . .! . . l 7 * 3 Agronom .l c research l. s ' e' n. s. ut' .tf eK.d ' u !. -.' bl'zsy., 4j. '' 9Mt :. . / J , . . ' k .,. . . .' , . ' '> k . ;lz ' u < 1 y *. . 1'.,?'yth>. k ?I..Ltns' tftt1' tr ' tch' ad' '.te.ll,' id. eJ ..' . 'lrech' 'ëtçht-e. . . N . 2. y sy tj. ;y ,t4t jy u x).)1).yj.:.,#rj ?. . .n.)y. j j,. .n; , j , y,.. . .gj ). t, . y'r: y .. . '.' y. . . yj. jg-. ju y.jgvy,. .,N yL . .vyjtyk. j j . s. uy;c. j.j. y,. jt , ;;. j g. ; .j , ; . agro nom. 1 q, u e. pour le d eveloppe. , , ment (1T. , 4 . . 2 .h . .- . - , ky- q. ; , , . , . .,.) , .,.,, . .. j. ,.r;y ...... ,. .uj .. jw. ,. , p-k:. . , .j, ,., w., - ya vs-. ,,j-. uz. j;e. ,- .t jye. uàt. j. o ,.j,t.z , . ,yj, .ya. .g.(z, oju. q. 'om-a. '. ; y0 -.,. i.,qjtqqo.-.j-.e. u-. . j. ojj) , D e v e l op n'.le n t ). W h 1 Ch B l'na ln l y re S.P 0 llS 1.' a.e . .9. t c/tllm-l ? Plz .:., .=. y- ,'. . . . ? jys. .k .s, ;. ; j' .'(j poli cy ; 1 m. . . . . : ., ' , ' ,. . :X jk y y; àjg .. 1.))- . a v . j ,q . , (.yj 'u':t;j-'rjjxl xj jjajy' j, r . . , plementlng agrlcultural , fores , al'i. ld, :f4'g.h' e.1 'Ay' A- 're'tg' drak-l ch' jp zog. ;r ., ;n sj mj ., . m;' (- .zt , .,., '' p,. . . g. . . ? ;. L., w . . , : , .j gju .:t'gt,. . jtg.i jytjyt jg .j ;jy.'jgy'C;tjyjg); . . . j.jyas' zjj j.. jg'(.y j(;.z'j.jy. y;'gjyjgj . .,jsyuy ., g.y y ntiyrs.gjzjyqgjygj; y.aay: jrgyz.g:jg iyjy ,$jj 4y.g', Otlgh ' cj u' t th e coun . Zootechn' ic. al and ketd' .f' i..n . '. '.-' -'. ' t- 'eise' 'a. ir't h' 18 t ri. sutè. .d ' f'b y'. vt'h e Labtj td- to. lre 'd e .e ,-, ...... -- . . -?.. . $.! : c,. su, ...... ; , @ . recherche teterlnalre et zootechnlque . R. ZV)y , (, V-.sr .,te-pln' n'ry. atld ZU. otech. , n lcal R. ,. îesearch . l ' .z . - . - . . ..;. , . ' I >boratory. l:) which lays emphasis on unimé,il; 'h :. althh , ' .a'''hd' p. rod, tic. tion ' ag *e'll ' a's' tpa-ce management. 2 . 7 . 4 There are no banks specialized' ,7 id. .'liu. ià. , l eièdtt,' OXD. '.lt. 'and Cètpntchéd. âi e the main institutions which grant credit for the p ttictfrènd kttthtgf' aarîeulittral inputs ahd equipment. The Fond . ? !. k ' 2 : ) ' ' k ' . ' ' . . s d'intervention nzral (FIR) (Rurét 'lxtervèd. flb 1î. J.:,Fu.nd'). s8t 1:*.' 1. '1985 for the ' ' : yW . . . .- ' F * ' A'' ' . . ' m anagement and development Of credit, has: h' (it 'rçe lzéd ûtny. . siglhifkant arhievéli'l ehts '1 P ' ' . because . of the lack of liquidity from t. he S' 1Zf * ' ' - ' . ' 2 . 1att..' I,h otd èr tp reledy th. e situ/tilm, t'h e Government encouraces oroiects and xoos o k ,t-ak t ettedtvru to. n, r. bducers.. Two ty. p, es of, crddi't are currently granted: agricultural equipmdnt ! ct: eid'. it ' .à-jt lld kyztjjt 'yo. t tjw farm' i'n g sèàson (see'd s , fertilizers, etc.). 2.7.5 The rural world is mainly into i' n',' fplemal ptud ucer grouj' s.' Tht Cönseil national d'appui au mouvement associatif et coopératkj. f . 'tch. à. tl fèfl' ?,(.C O. N' AMAC) (Chadiah Na'tional . . . ' A ssociations and cooperatives support cou. ncil) k.. sei'uyq:lj h. . .1.9z . 9, . 4:, ':hf ' a's bffectively contribute.d to . . . . J . , . .; . . ' , . the expal nsion of assoc#. iatioas and %c-#' roups of 'vàriok' ' stcco tlective intetèsts. 'There arè' ' lboui ' . y au . . . . ' J . . . ? ' . . : 20,000 econöm ic aroups and associations. H'pWzke'f',u: th, é. se grèups aré nöt ftm ctiöùi. .ng' well, . mairlly because of: (i) the irrelevance and iltèftli . ielicyl'' Jf steering instituti, ôlts,' (ii) ilpd..vjuate . j y : ...... : . (. basic education for members of the associâtibnf; Ypd (iii) in âd, equàte tihan ci. al ' jtfpjpft' ' 2 7 6 Training is provided within the M inisyry of 'lgiibulture by DEAFPR, which ining çentrçjiJtcli *X). has vocational and agricultural tra ' Thete are abouy .30 CPPX' s, wh. ich ' ': ' ' ' ' train about 200 fanners per year. Bésides thets' é .,ée1#7f4j, Whiçh are dhder the M.inistrie: of Agriculture and Livestock, many NGOs pa' ttjc. :ipâté.K ;ip the tralriihg add . orljan.lzâtidh of farmers. Fot example the NGO Ksecours Caihofkue et Développement '' (SECADEV) operates iri the Sahel zone. ' THEIRW GATED SUB-SVCTOF 3.1 General 3. 1. 1 . lrrigated crops currently occu' py abou/ 1 j % o ? the cultivayçd lànds and are concentrated in tlae major developmeru areaf: t-ogorièyapd èluri rwers, ckad and Fitri lakes', * l ' uae ouadis of Kanem , Batha and ouaddaï aud the Mcilrndou schemes. The wker for irfigatiojn . com es in most cases from surface and underground. wqters. 3. 1.2. n e types of development Works already undertaken each correspond to a method of farming: (i) the large schemes (Bérim, Guini in I mke Chad, the stores of Bongor and Nya, the Banda sugar scheme) represent 2t),(+ ha; (ii) the small inigated village private schemes occupy 10,(K ha; (iii) the small traditional schemes cover about 10,(V ha; (iv) the polders (xcupy 14,6* ha including 2,(* develom d ones. The different development works aim at rice, wheat, mnize, sugar, fruit and vegeuble production. 3.2 Institutions Associated with the Irrigatèd Sub-sector 3.2. 1. The H igated sub-sector is currently under the supervisory authority of the M inistry of Agriculmre. The irrigation policy is designed, coordinated and implemented by D.G .R.H .A. Field activities are carried out by structures attached to the M inistry of Agriculture such as ONDR and SODELAC 3.2.2. 'l'he sub-sector is financed in part by NGOs and by international donors: the African Development Fund (ADF), the Agence française de développement (AFD), the Islnmic Development Bank (IDB), the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA), FAO, FIDA, EDF, UNDP, the European Union, etc. 3.3 Potentials and Constraints of the Inigated Sub-sector 3.3.1. At the physical level, Chad has underground water resources on most of the national territory, large quantities of surface water resources that can be used for inigation: the Chari, the Logone, the M ayo Kebbi, the Batha and many oueds with intennittent waterways. It also has several lakes, the largest of which is Imke Chad whose waters com e from the Chari and the Logone. 3.3.2 Chad has a huge potential of irrigable lands estim ated at about 350,000 ha. In the I mke region, polders coltstimte major development centres because of: (i) the existence of fertile soils with high yields not requiring the use of fertilizers; (ii) possibilities of using water from the lake for either inigation or for flood recession crops; and (iii) the climatic conditions which allow for a wide range of ajricttl( -ural production. 3.3.3 The inigated sub-sector faces several constraints, including in particular: poor control of water', under-equipment and under-utilization of inputs; high costs of development and m aintenance works; lack of orga/zation and training of farmers for the m anagem ent of facilities and water; and diftk ult access to credit. In the polders, the construction and destruction of dykes every 2 to 3 years, their fragility and 1ow impermeability lim it the possibilities of growing crops. 3.4 Irrigated Sub-sector Policy The inadequate, irregular and poor distribution of rainfall have forced the State to promote irrigated agriculmre through the developm ent of large inigated schemes. Under this sector policy in agricultural development, emphasis is placed on: (i) the rehabilitation, reconversion and reorganization of large schemes in order to ensure gradual State divestiture and m ake fanners more responsible; (ii) the increase in the irrigated areas tluough the development and promotion of small irrigated schemes; (iii) the modernization of traditional irrigation equipment and training of qualified st.aff to ensure management and maintenance', and (iv) the rehabilitation of traditional polders. . - .r :j. . ' . .;, .3. t :!IR,-; j!r:;ftr ;-) àq'$.3 b. . g . 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Cc r' lzaw lt./' . , k ? .. . y ys r . '' . . .- .. . 'x sf 'k tr .r. .), .; '.v.-jij('fj:.iv t)%.'.)j,!j .jy ., ,.,:3!, ;q.!. -! t u j:j(.qt ). j st rt z.' . :...... ?:. ;'. t . : , . -' 1q ï ' . . '. . ;. . . . ? . . ' . . . ij . iz. t7l': ;. e Sout. h. - . . . . .n .t. . . .x .,- -.,. .:-!:jr'j. j: j. .. . : . , . . 1j.y, x.. . m;- , .,Iy-. jkrj . :!(jg-.j ;-0;, :j-; .j s- :j!; .t!j;.-j('g-;s -jk- . !h;'- t-#: t7.'--. .jy-j I:-y ,. . ., ' . :-. :. -. . .'.b. . ..h vçkz'. - est , Nlger to the est . T. h e. c..h. ,-1.e.;f4' (-i) w. . zn-t. s-gqaf, . .. .e. . .,. .e,.:. . , ..- . . ..., . . , .- . . '. ! . . .? . , .-.0,.rn! . .. . ,; ' !' - t S..!7 l .t) '.' 'LS :' 'r', .' ,'e ' . ,: ' ' . 7 ' i ' .* : . .: r r . . . :- . . . ;.). Ndlnmena and 80 km from the Ni g en'an 'bofd., er. . ' ' ' . ' ' ' ' . ' ' ' -> $. a '.'.. . >' $ ' ' '' .' . ' ' t. . e ; ; . f' ' ' . . . ' 'T ...... : wwaqlr .kv' :. . ,' *. . . -. . f ) .. .. .: ' . . x . . , ' . . 3 -a>% . . ji . 5 .2 . The prolect area ls a contm. up. ' us. . ge. o. gz.r'rw.v,pwh.tc : . f. orm,- a. t. lon. , b' ou. n' d. .e . d .to. . - e.:', '.S, .,0. u , . ' . .- . . ' k by the 9 - s, < (). , J' ?. ne. s-., . rls. m,. a. . e- . u . . ; r . . . . ee w aters o. f the l' -;1 ke and to qth'' e N., . o, ,$', .ypb.ky- ., .,,an1i..-d qy, ,.)$d, .u: ...... :., z . ' ' . ' ' '' xf 1 ' ' ' 4 ' ' R '! ' :... '*. '' p' <' /s' . ' ' ,, . . . . . ' . . nu lzl 17. .. . . , . . . . , .. z . . - . z .. ., . - - ' m. o holo g,1.c p. q. ,. .f-m.' !, :n.de. . pf' Fa. .) ,succ-es s.1gn ok.sf: . derp-ress. l. o,. ns, , al form ati ons : (l) 'the p. old ers' . ,. z. ,o.. ' .. .. . w ,.&. , , y : ...... ' t .' ...... , . . . gen eral,l . ed. lnto .ba. sln. .s b. . y. . t. tjj. '. . zljyd:g f 's .' 'o. . a' ' ;C'E ,.* ., sts- J.' . w% ' 't-j ye 1 . y W.d * 'V . 1 ; @.d; '' ' d' ' #7' h '% ' .' * ' . - ' ' d' ' y n arrow , partltlon ' - . h, 'kr:t. s. ,. (Jem-',s.j,, .,r ., . . 4,.1. x-;,j. r- , . exs, l t e. .. : e'-ptm,vo, s,. ,11.. a.'n. . . . s... -2 .. . .'. ;i a m ' . - ...... , . , ...... 7 . . . 0 f'tcII gom'' g . d eeP 1' l1to Conti nentR 1 San' dy form atlo. '1,1 Sz'yk 'wa. R.'d..' :f4F (. 1.1) 'th: ' '. e. '1w.n! Xj.u '1.a.' r'' zon. e Coml. ng a.f ,t e. r. th. .. e P revious one towards the 1 >ke and mnde up of 'lsle. ts. k,sclid-t.ct ered' m tlfe 9. .e-e waters of ' e 1 m'ke. . .. i. . . y . . . .$,. g . . ; . w 3.5.3 The clim ate is Snbeliani, m aztk-.qd'ixby uaslona-g d-.ry. vseason, 'exceedihg . 7. m onths. . . . ' F . ' . . ''' 1 . ' u . . . x. w '' . . . . . The average rairlfall varies from 200 to 5. ;œ- . . m! m- .' ( :.' t, lh >,r @: -iJ ..#.è-. ! è.:â. . ' . . , ' ' . ' **r-' ' t. Th' ef,àyçm! vc.!e an. nu' à1 teLm 'x,*' .ratp. ' ti-' is . . :. !8p .' . 41 . 5' J( (%ï*. w t.. < . ;/i k>. ' ':. ' k .' . . , . , . about 28 OC . The temperam res and di. strib u'tion pf #. 1- t'n'.xfall-gpmgrk öut, q 3. s-eàsons :' :(t9 -â co o'-l..kdry season (from November to Februaryl; (ii). I a' hi@ Pd.: t. d. .'r yp 'f ;. ?'k ka.( %s ê.n' (fröm, M arch to' rrïld-lttz nd).; nn. d , . . ; - (iii) a rainy season (from June to Septemb. es).. .'rherw4fetk s.l èntiàjllly' . kt.wo. ty. p. es of .pt edolègjcal . : ;L 'q' <'JR *'' . r! . . . . ; -'' . --R ''=' . ' * * ' formation: (i) a loose sandy formation ma. .de tip (% fo.edlt.ian' ' sànds d. il p' lat:à.u 'duhes nn. il (.ii) a . . . .t ; ' . ' clayey formation with clay-mud, from lak es ()lr #ixzlfzlakes, vea rich iri ovgani' c m atter, . . z,L ,. y.. . aë. ' .' :' Lj J . -) -' ' . . , located g in polders and ouadis (flat and 'zhlolm. l. 'd'è d-'ep. rësj'lon'sl. Th'k flora ''consists mafnly of shrubby and/or tree savannnh with a grass 'cover of yasipils grnm innceae. 3.5.4 The population is estlmated at about '24@. ' ,k*U ' 00 in' h abitants 5. 2 % of whom ,are women. It comprises the following differeht eth, ,n: id g' .,yr. jups'. Kanenltbou (48.6 %), Bouiltkzma (27 .2 %), Kouri (9.7 %), Haddad. (11.4 %), ànd .'trviizherp. (3..1 %,). The eth, nic R-*-- roup- s are made up of 5,060 villages. The population livds et sse:. nt.îï k a!*kë -,lc- ulv. on xa cticùlNt.u. re. and livestock. . . ..' :.;. j .%' *-e ' , ! '. 1- ' 3.5.5 Agriculture in the prolect area vg'tiç/t* %k. aeç'aY b. ' rd' ing--- to the' tyY' p*= e ' of. soils . ànd' ) * ' th eir i s.;-r u :'. a . . degree of hum idity . The polders aré cultiva' ted fpr t1. b.t. i-d ,rkcession crops (maize ànd wh eat) bv traditional manure application. It corksists i. n ai5 '4h . ç co. b' . s-.rW '. D =.q '. ti' on, in ila'r*' row'< 'areas betw. et ep *' the- . w dunes . t c ;: ; gj t. , . - of dykes to isolate the arms of the Lakç( ,(.p o.l ty le.r$). ; jh. ,# .t, h' e # O. ldetj ,d'r.y u. p as é. m: , sult of' ' evaporation and intiltration of waters, the lfa'r':mt. :rs tyarj?w flpottepmçessitm crojs th' ere. The ' .. t y . t L. re -. . j ' t ' . sidual humidity of the soil and thç capjllary T' t'1,k. > td. , movqm<. tnt of water frpm the groundwater uble provide water to these crops för 2. tp 3. years. Th' e ouadis ate cultivated for various crops (maize, vegetable crops, ft.u if trqqal, WS 111rl k. , .0r) th. 4 duneF fanltèrs' grow millet. In the insular zone , j 4 . . , . , . . . , rainfed crops (millet and rsorghum) add flood reçecsipp .tjropj rtJ)jàizç' in particular) are grown. The average output petxkèc' t. â. t' ç v' aties from 0.2 to 0.5 T for mlllet, from 1 to 1.2 T for m aize, and from 1.5 to 2.1- for wh. eat: . ' 3.5.6 StockbreedineL-J is of the Sa'. he; 'li- a: - n. ij'.#a-' apu çG, ( ex.te. nsive apd. . transhpumant. T he livestock population is estl. mated at 400 . . .L . ,000 ikea: b'f . ,ea!.tl#, 2. 30,000 sheep. aiid:tgç.a ts, 13,000 . . :# L. q . camelinas.' 22.' 000 horses and 25.- 000 asses. Ca' itle of :th. ç kouri race, which is widespread in . - N . . . J 2 jo't x . : . : . -. : . . the I-ake region, is very much aopreci. , e A. A. ated byœ'- 'aw''erazers b. .e c. ' a.k se of its good. quality rrieat and j . . . -. m. . u , g u g :è . . . m ilk produçtion. lt is one of the threatened . $ pecies tîkely td did.app èar er tmd' ergç 'igençtic dilution, due to a high increase in erossbreçd ,@. Pruteçliqli .of... th'flk' p c, e is inclru ded' in'sshe policy , , . ' ) . . ( . z . . , .& r . . . , of conservation of biological and gçnetic divèfji'tuv*' , ùh. ,.tt:k onç ùali d', and thç presèrkàifon of . . . . , . ' r... ; !' , = . . an economically viable production pöiential.. bq tlie oth. eru Laand Tenure and Farming System 3.5.7 In Chad, the land belongs to the Slte, but in the villages, land is mnnnged by the village community which distributes it to its members under the supervision of the village chiefs and land chiefs. The village chief represents the ofticial authority, while the land chiefs are the landowners who are the flrst occupants of the land. 'The land given to the beneficiaries therefore belong to them so long as they use it. 3.5.8 In the Préfecm re du Laac, the State has entrustbd the m anagement of lands, polders and ouadis to SODELAC (Ord. No. zz/pr/cgp/dpd) which develops them and distributes them in consulution with the land chiefs, to fanuers in plots of 0.5 to 0.75 ha. Priol'ity is generally given to farmers who acdept to: (i) participate in the works and maintenance of the strucmres; (ii) comply with the recommended farming schedule; and (iii) pay SODELAC the charges for its operations. l-and is allocated in the form of amm al lease renewable by tacit agreem ent. Exm rience has shown that this system of distributing land under the supervision of SODELAC is recognized by the population and it thus avoids any land disputes. 4. THE PROJECT Design and Formulation . The project slategy is to structtzre the socio-economic environment of the Préfecttzre du Lzac upstrenm and downstrenm production. ln this connection, existing traditional polders will be rehabiliuted, plant and anim al production will be intensitied and the necessary basic infrastructure will be established. The participatory and progressive approach, based on the participation of beneticiaries in the design and implem entation of activities concerning them , has been adopted. Special emphasis has been laid on the organization of groups and basic committees centred on a basic infrastructure: a water point, a health unit and a series of related developm ent activities likely to ensure rapid cohesion of the target group. Proiect Obiectives 4.2. 1 Sector Obiective: The Préfecture du Lzac rural development project aims at strengthelng the country's food security. 4.2.2. Obiective of the Proiect: Specitically, the objective of the project is to increase food and anim al production, as well as improve the general living conditions of the population in Préfecture du I mc. 4 . 3 Description of Proiect Outputs The major outputs of the project are as follows: (i) the construction of 22 dykes, the digging of 6 passes, the sodding of dyke embankments, reforestation around polders and soil levelling within the polders', (ii) the esublishment of an outreach and sensitization activities mechanism for farmers, the multiplication and dissem ination of selected seeds and the training of CAT employees', ' N. .F*R. . J Q' ..t . < r;i7'''%F&' g . ' a7. . grx- e'v %=. -r ' v oa% 4' z.. ak,(;. .% 'u .o' k .4.1 , . . v # wn x ' . .. . t. . p . '4 .. i ()' :. .t' 'h & . .. . . r1 r' 'u k. p'ax >' . . ; .. z: ) . ' t % . . . ' ' . ' ' ' . . '# ' ( ?' :# . ' 'f . . . . . q . F . . . J . . . . œ (i m . l . l .: ...... ' L -. ): , . . . . . : * k 'r*% '# . t .. ' ' ?'' . '' 1. '1/' . li!l 4j1:1 .i 4l I 1 ;I) 1i4l lkj!l lrlt of a ce. n . e fo, r. . e . r, ,o. -. t'e. . e. .t. . lo, n. ', ' '.,;j .o .' ..f '. t' .v).'., . . -. o. u. . y . 'r.. rc- .l ,..+., y-..r . k.z a,v.. s.-.. -y ?,.. . .* j. ,e,.: .a . , .' 'e. 'j-.' . '. 'uo .z. rNs . z , r ., . .v . t,.-l'o- . n. ,. i. e-,' .i. 'x. . . .a . - '. .' .. '' ',',p- : .,'-s.'i,1- .-, 'x.r . . z n ,' , J:- ;...... :,I .. . : .. jip. . .J.. ,J. k. . ). , . , ,,j).. .. ;y...... ,. jj, y.yy, ;s.;:y ,. ; y , y: jjj. j,, .; . .. .y.s. .. ,. r .. . , ... .,.,yw.s.. . !' . ' .' .')j .. ' @ . lk .. i* . - 'ë ' ' ' . . k.i'.?b.y. '' h'1 ;.* ef .'. .sz : df.ïl . '' ' ' w ts $s; . ;.s, ..j ,sa. .jj. .,j.y..j..v, . s .,s. ... o...... , .. , ... x-y . ' - . - . . . ' , . . .i),: '1.s.s 4:2-. , ' , ' ,t,1-0' -1.7,1- k'>. .:') 1:' 1k --. . . - . . s.- . lE;u dkzr 1E 1E; 1t 4:.) '1Ir1k d:)p 1Iq- 4:: IE,L 1L 4:2: 1l7 e'r 15 ,- . '. u. '1-t. 1k . 1:/.1: 4:2. : a. .tl '.1 .?- o-. 17.1 .. . -' . ,) . - . .. .- - -.-.. o - ...... xr:. :u -.',-o.u 'tv'1.I.q '-,- :'s. -s .- . ,. .-. e- . se- .t:- ' . '. '. . -- êt. . .-:. . .,r! -.. . r-.15. ,, . - :. '. .,a -...... 'J . . .I$ t 5 r . z . . ' . ' F >.> .z. ,4 ' ' ..: * ? . . w ...... , . .,vv. ..+. J.. . . , ,.. z s .%. . k.,,. . o v A .- . . . e . x J . . $... . wnpk.. .é'. es lls . en - . v .. ..+h. ' e ? .'t..r k '.j . t of an a ' al eal . ro r . e &as ' '.e'11 aes 'a.' '. ,.0- ' . e-n' .'s qao'. ul t'reac . aetlv' .1tl?e.'s'.!u i, i .t. ' r ' ' ' 'z.. . ,. *# . . . ' ': . . Z'. . . . .' .. . . e ...... ' . . . :H y j. * * : ' .!f*.>'î &' d -. '. . . ' ' . .*.'z 't ' W :r ' . ( ' ' 2 ' J '. ' ' 'r ' ' '' k '% ' . : . . '' ,. ' ' .cla . rwst . . ' . . . v es 11s ' . ent of a rlcul ra-l cre lt . n . to .r.o; .y,. ,.1 z, ze. . .j ... ,.l ,. .asslqs, lnce to. fa , . , e. . . . . h j .. : .u ' . .. ' ' ' ' . . ' ' '. .1.. , r ers for e rocu re ent of ln u ' see s 1., v. et.e rg' ' ' , ro- . . u c. ' . . an. . .' a . ' , . ' .' .' ,ac. tlon , -' x. . .'. . K . . . e ul en. t)- 3 ' (vi) promotion and strengthening of existinc 'v-illéké kongàn.lizAtiùlïs(260) ànd' establisrh m. qét' gf . . ' 5* new organlzations ,. ? . t :d .l'tr . : :;).j.j,:.)' , . . , 'artil irtétàllàtlon of 10 cerèàl constructiori of 1.5 0 k. fj. llé.ctivey :. sto rej m ills- . è . (Vii) rehabilitation Of 2 health centres and. colut' l'.k lctibn And' . eqlliypment of ; new ' céû' ti' es ,. . . Collstnlctioll Of 19 Prlmary SChOO1: Of 3 clasker! çacl' t) k'y #y tj, jjsjajt tj.jjjj.oj :jyw, vjjjaj e. bomholes . . y ' . ' . s ... , . .a; . equipped With manual Pumps, rehabilitation Of 120 km. ()f. fied' er ro. ads , and çij nsiructiön of 10 Cattle wells '$ (viii) establishment of a piezometric network for monit4ring the' grou' sd. water table of poldçrs, control of erosion, silting and desertiifi catte.h èos' tiyi-. cùritiorl of sali.nlizntion, ràtional . . . . : ' . . ' management of natural resources and enkiton. mèlîtal mö/$ . torin:j; ' ' : (ix) preliminary studies on the implementation of tlw xkario. u! project components (cred it, boreholes, health centres, schools, etc). 4.4 Detailed Descripti on of Proiect Activities. and'tc' 'Jfn pnpents $ ' . ' . . . . ' ' 4.4. 1 The main project components are: A. Development of Polders; B. Agriculmral Developm ent', C. Livestock Development', D . Associated activities; E. Project M anagement. Component A : Development of Polders 4.4.2. This component aims at rehabilitatilig 13 traditiynal poldçrs, controlling the submersion of polders by the Lake waters and irîcreajif.l c, the atea çovdred by çultivated land. It comprises uae construction of sand dykes t 'h'-e: . ' , ihu .diggjù' g of jasses and the lèvèlling of poldef soils. . ' ' ' 4.4.3 The project will construct 22 sand .c1 f'-tkes comprisinx' 14 protecting. dykes, 6 main embankments and 2 dividing dykks. The p, /t:d .d' :t:y. trmk . g' dky. k?p' ej?xar''e' , intend ed tp isolat': .the polders from the free waters of the Lake . . . 44.t :( y àju vzjkes wjjose push .' and à're qquilli. ped wit.h ttl eb . . . . ' ''' ''' ''.' . . . ' . ' rod is located in a circular tower accessible . ff. tim ilt. (' crest. Th' e Lnù,i .n embankj ments' ' are . . Q . ' M N 9 intended for the same purpose as the protecting dykes with the only difference that they are not equipped with valves and tubes, while the dividing dykes are used in m nnnging 2 parts of the same polder with different levels of submersion. The characteristics of the dykes are described in Annex 2 pages 1 and 2. 4.4.4 In some polders, 6 passes of a total length of 10. 150 m will be dug. The passes are a sort of chnnnel dug to the right of a bolt to allow water pass between 2 parts of a polder. Polders with uneven topography will be levelled by initially cross-tilling the soil with a toothed plough preceded by decompacting of the superficial horizons. This operation will . break any crust and homogenize the submersion of the soil. The areas concerned with this activity are estimated at about 1,500 ha. The levelling will be done by force account by SODELAC, which is fnmiliar with the technique and possesses the eqpipment required for such works. 4.4.5 The hydro-agriculmral infrastrucmre (dykes, passes) will be constructed as from the second year by specialized enterprises, wllile the works will be supervised and monitored by a qualitied consulting tirm . The infrastrucmre will place 6, 190 ha of land at the disposal of fnnners; the land will be used in growing 2 to 3 flood recession crops per year with toul control of subm ersion. 4.4.6 Technical m anagement of equipment and m aintenance of the hydraulic structures will be completely under the control of SODELAC, which is the only agency in the region with the technlcal resources to carry through the task. Polder water resources (date bf flooding; duration of submersion) will be jointly managed by the representatives of the managem ent committee of each polder and SODELAC, wlzich will act as unitier, initiating new development methods with the objective of continuously improving farming methods. The detailed cost.s of this component are contained in the working docum ent. Com ponent B : Acricultural Develooment 4.4.7 This component comprises the following main activities: (i) multiplication at the Centre d'amélioration technique (CAT) of SODELAC and dissemination of local or imported basic seeds (Gasso Seed Farml. An agreement between the PIU and ITRAD will allow for the supply of 5.35 tonnes of seeds per year; (ii) research and development focused on the use of simple m ethods relating to production, conservation, processing and storage. As regards participatory research, the annual research programme will be identified with the farmers. The Extension and Production Division (DVP) of SODELAC will carry out this activity with the support of an agronom ist, an international technical assistant, who is an expert in outreach activities', (iii) extension based on a participatory approach, whose technical package will draw on the PSAP model for certain themes (farming methods, use of new varieties), the other themes will be prepared by the technical assistance. T. he project will strengthen the current staff of DVP with 26 extension workers/coordinators; (iv) outreach activities, training and village organization aimed at consolidating 260 existing wom en's groups and creating 200 new groups 50% of which will be wom en's groups, and establishing 200 village associations of various interests and 100 service groups; and (v) the constnlction of 150 collective stores, the installation of 10 cereal m ills and the procurement of 6 weaving units which will be used initially as training and dem onstration tools. The project will provide the operator responqible for the village organization with the necessary facilities: transport, teaching aids, office equipment, etc. ' irrCjt. -W -. - s- . . ,. .# 5*-j.1 4:C t .zz,fc-.; . . -. . . ; .: t . i . ... . !. . ; : . :. jj iit .) rkj().: ? . . . . 2j: . iyklql;!zq 2.-k-. ' ' . , . g . . . ,. . ' . . ., .(.; .z ...... j.y q.f * 1 0 . j. . ). :' z . yj .ç .,. 4y ,...f .-i. -. .. . :.. , .. . . ; . ..s . .t' : 1'c)!rjx,t,... ' ' # . . . . . :. ' . . . ) ; . , j .+ ; . . t . . w ? . ' ' , . . 1 ' y . *' s. , . - - ' . ' ' ' ' ' X' ..t '.T . .e 4 . 4 . 8 .As regards cred. lt ,. the p rQ.Ji k c, .t ip'. ' ' d .- 'g, ,':f, o.r . sup; .p' (j. r' ..1 .. tlj ..tul., 'ç- ,p re. sent' .i r'l if qJ(')1j.m' ' alk . ' ...... : ' 1!OY.i1., e.z .)k.a.. . . cq. ., , .: .. rs.. j; .j . . , .u , y,., -h?r 1k- 1:11 15L Jë); (:2: 1(71 . .f . t ,j: . ; ( -.131. ) ) :t., y. ;fdli 7:' .j;gjj ,s .; ..y . , ' .-.k - -- g s-. .yy t, .,.,c,.j ., ..,.,s y. . . . .- . . ,.y .,. .ytjy.,; . llztfli; li-t.!r7l.- 14i2-: 1Is1:1t: (:). /, , 1.Ll . ëE; -.-t3b-. @. '1I-,1 l1l1 .- . . :. . ''''' . .1 :'qrE1.4:iL ëE; 4: 151. 1t:) (:2h lt.1L 1!: :I. 4:24 4:2. ).jfï t21'-1 :diz: 11-1 (:- 1)(';) h. :$ 151,1rë.1 .4:1- L' lklëtq kkltr .. . ' 4,). 15;,12k,1.14. 1.i :t)'rpdg-l-u:- ;k.J., .. ,3fïj. y: .3.:23(. :21(:'.2 . . ,4!.) .1iëi1 L(. i,i1ëik- .. . .;- v . 1)1r-z@1ëi).1L J.Ij;j ...... ! - g. 2,. -,; .,, .- : ...... -- . .r) .ë, -,jr,y -.; .1j.. ë.j2 . . . ., . :;.,-j;...... jj ., . . ji'. xj u.. 4'7 V., vs .j) x j, .,j < . r : sp . .s .. . . :.; y ypja, fj . .j y . .. . .j.sj. . .j) .. .;,, . program. m, ' e ln collectlon, savlnh c-'s and' f. ' .1 lnan. q4aL Jliyfain'.û k.t km. pnt, ,wtl11, b. ;. '. .vt4r.zdn' Ilevz.id tpfilpt, til ,l kf. .s'n y. ., '. . y.m, j. . , . t . . Q '%T ': G: ;. 'qi f1. $!' .r' ' qi4)-.'y .:1$h'* '4% : . i ' , v . E .S:j e :. ; . . . . <: e ,. : *'.: 'J .rê G'-;' (i ;. ''2 IJ;. . 'C.J. '.4.f 'je'j h'f .*r0. .' ' .-7-'. '. ?t J'f*, .'? . , '' . ' ' . ; ?' )..j #.i .. zl.. purpose . ln a1l , 400 persons w 1.l 1 beneflt ft-ci li1'l ?1t1; J '1e. 7tll-iy. ilm. . iflh.g' ' 4' , 2' D -'pu=fe ,r' af. , t.z ,lAi d-i ' )'(. T.' 'kh. é.o' , 'P,-,., lse--s-.ld' è,n. .t.qz.:a. p. .d-! .v ' ' ' ' T' ' , .., . . n . . 2':y s,. ;.1) 7 -*. r- . . u ? .,.$ . . 2 j . d . . . .'r.k , k .y . j; ' .. ,,J:z .', ' 'ylk .:!-. '). j :t; Jrkivb!si jl jlphj jy ('u. . :q.!r r ' . . . , o , q).L.,tjf'. ' cashi er) . M anage. ment o f credit wi 11 be entmktlerd ttby' .'a'g. 'llèëldent. alld znaitf,l tet.ëc-/as.tflt.a 'tltjlisftzron' e' tk.7' ?;4. . .: - ). . ' .s . -.;-i .; .î,'j,. .j. . - . .- ,. z .: ' ;. . . '. : . .: .:. ' ' z.v .s.l.ràc - '.ës ' . . . :k ,u . of the NGOs operati ng 1 n thi s area 1 n Cha: . d. (S. .''E, 'c 'C. K,. 'D(,/'. :E,. . V. , , ASDE ;. 'C , A F T. E. C ) M% I. Tt A LPE. ' ,P. , ' ê-yî t4i. etc . ) . .- . . v ' . ;. 1.. '-t ' .. z . . j. . . . : ' f , ' t ': -t :. j. . . 4 , ) . : . .. .4 .9 Tllree types of credlt wlll be .p'lpvJ1'.d..' ' qd, ' . '. t ,.(1) a' .?.c'ê .-. répp. , , s-'xe.à.sq n cr,eyd. 1 t.?.,. 'w.l't.h./. ' 'a. . t. vsc,t: k. n. . ,. . . ., . . . . . y .) . . . . j. ;.k )- . a ...... ):;L ., .; .$.' ,,,. '.- . 4 ' . . , '. :,-ja'.: !-. s,- . . . . . tjC, gj,jtzg j;' u, ,y:k ;.j (;j.gjjj ?,$'g.j (jjtlo. w' : ; .,, , rotatlng fund of CFAF 30 mllllon; (11) an ,$: j4,j(j)j .'- yjgj(y;j.gj.jg. , - . kjj, v e, qtu, pm. e.,:n. t ;ç. md. 1t, of, ' C..F. ! . ,, , for th' e p ' ...... ' :.! . :y s ; njjt . ' . ' r . ' ' j . . ' l ' . ' ' ,ê . ', 4, '. p . .. . i . . . . .,.': ê .:*,j . urchase of 150 equlpped yokes (traetro. n,.'.an, wlm, yls , . plop, gh' , culttrva-tor, ,hy oe, so. w.xl.ng' . , ,z,:: . machlnea car.t !rs 'wfth. ., ' , etc . ) whlch wlll be rep ald 'ove, .17,. fl/o. .tj t. :y.ï 'qas . , . à' ',g rvce p e,.t.Elp d o f qn. e year, . ..p r.t.ztj, on the goln, g market mterest rate, (111) a cons. ttuctlp tl and 'eqg lp me.nt 1U:,f1 for mlcrm p ro, 1. ects . . t . . : ; xh,r.j ,; ; . . . .. , 20 micro-projects compri sin. ' consttuctiorfs.' â.nd', ' 1'0 '0. ' 0th. e' r p..',g4. 'cè' ws.s'th g handitfa- 'f' ;t'.' '.i't b' 'ragee' : ' - ' # - ', and petty trade ml. cro-prol. ects) wl. t'h . a o'ackac/. é', o. 'f CF AF' ' 8 0* ' . ml.7l .l l. on. A, . s. h. o'r. t .. yt.erm :' ' ,1 . . k ' . . . c ' . z . . . 7i .k consultat' ion will be undertaken durine the f'ltb'' t' vi! .a' . r . oe f; thv eq o. role ct to take' stoc'k' 'of the * ''. . . . ' @ . ; .n . . ' . . ' '. . , : ...... k : . . . . y. ' @ . .:k .v. requlrements and deflne the operatlng prcj c . jj .) ., ' . . .!'., ' , wedsgyre -yan.d con, dlt.lons ..rfor ,.gran. tm g' predlt; a v . . . ' ' L7 . . ' , % ' . ) ' .k procedures manual w1ll be prepared for th.ls p u ' n .tag.rU-econom 1st of SOD u t.',p , tij'K.è., r speclallzed ln mlcro-credlt w11l be asslgned t'o 'm omtör tbls st'l b -com p onen. t. ' 4.4. 10 Furtherm ore, under the ADB'S AM INA pperatiqg pm gramm e in Cttad? the project will benetit from irkstitutional . . j. uppor. tt- . a:s mgprd. ks hztél (yedit. Tlie > orgrxmme , k . . 2 . . - . . . (j . . jjj provides for the support of the M iliistry pf :the Ec-/ribmy ànd Fikancè énd .B EA to tré s . . ,.y..1 n . . 3' ' . . . ' l national suff as well as initiate, moniior. anrk. coordiùate micrd. finéizce jirtictums. . ' . .: ' 1 : . . ! # , .) Consequently, an organl. zation and training . jrd: ' g. raml m. e fot . of kavings and . cjfedit. opéfafors will be iniplemented. ' 4.4. 11 This component also comprises ihe local recruitment of an agroiiohmist specialized in seed multiplication, procum rpçizt ot ? thè required ,eqùipment (paèkaû.e of z . u ! . ' '= ' *' '*' . ' '*' *'. equipment for tilling the soil and laboratöry equi-p Aywilt for CATI' and, traininj of CAT tecl mi c ians . The detailed costs of this compopènis akç' k.èntained in the working documçn't. . . '' Com ponent C : Livestock Devdlopm eht ' ; 4.4. 12 This com ponent comprises: ' (i) The establishment of a centre atvMatafo, 7' kri. zfrom Bpl, for the protecyi.on of the kouri race cattle through the rehabilitation'rpf4 .çrti'jîihg buildings. T. he cqritre will have 200 , i.,.t. .v . . . . ' . '? . . t pure xr àce cattle com*p rising-- 20 males an. d 1. 780nl fe% h, a'a' l' ejù' frolh whith anal (iv) Establishment of 15 schemes of the model currently existing under the agricultural and pastoral services project IPSAPI. Eighteen cattle wells with a dinmeter of 1.80 m , each equipped with four watering-troughs, will be constructed along cattle paths; (v) The setting up of a women's outreach activities unit at Bol, which will contribute to the formation of 50 women's groups in various areas: processing of milk into cheese, m arketing, constnzction of sheds for ruminants, treatment of cattle, etc. A credit fund of CFAF50 m illion will be established for this purpose. 4.4. 13 This component also provides for: (i) the rehabilitation and construction of some infrastructure (veterinary posts, night parks, training roomsl; (ii) the procurement of some equipment (vehicles, canoes, horses, freezers, etc.),' (iii) the recruitment of local staff (8 technicians for the protection centre, 7 heads of veterinary posts, 5 female rural coordinators, etc.l; and (iv) the recruitment of a zootechnician specialized in animal breeding. The detailed costs of this component are contained in the working documents. Com ponent D : Associated activities 4.4. 14 This component comprises activities aim ed essentially at reducing poverty and ensuring environm enul managem ent, namely: (i) n e rehabiliution of 120 km of feeder roads to link the polders to the main roads so as to facilitate the transportation of agriculmral produce. The roads, 4.50 m wide, will be of clayey sand. The roads will be lined with quickset hedges to limit the effects of silting. (ii) Improvement of the health and nutritional coverage tltrough: (i) the rehabilitation of 2 health centres in the polder zone; (ii) the constnzction and equipment of 2 new health centres in the insular zone in line with standards set by the M inistry of Health; (iii) the supply of a four-wheel drive vehicle built as an ambulance to Bo1 hospital; (iv) the training of 100 village midwives; (v) the implementation of an Information-Education- Communication (IEC) programme for health education. (iii) lmprovement school coverage through the construction of 19 primary schools of 3 classes each (CP, CEI, and CE2) 13 of which will be in the polder zone, One school per polder and 6 in the insular zone. The exact location of the schools will be determined in agreement with the Ministry of National Education. The schools. Wi'11 Vrovide education to 3,420 children. (iv) The supply of drinking water tluough: (i) the construction of 100 boreholes (60 in the polder zone, with at least 2 per polder and 40 fOr the insular zonel; (ii) the supply and irkstallation of 100 manual pumps; (iii) the introduction of a pump maintenance system (village commitlee, training of repairers, network of spare parts, etc.). The equipment will be maintained and replaced by the beneficiary population with the supervision of SODELAC. t L . ' ' ; . - . ' *, n . ' ' . . ' . . ! . k.. . . .: ' y : . , .j '' ' ' ? . (V) Si lti ng control throug' h 't S h''. e eo: nst..vr lx,l u!. cttri' ;*0 .. 'fe ',41 'rz ' -jq#!'$ term) of the sltes treate . . ' t ,. : . ' . r';, . .j) ' (vi) Erosion control of dykés, lo akeside dt.l hy; g.' d'k. d.( pa. sses: Erùjltm,; . . %. d.. . onttsollk. l-' 'by the type of dykes designed with embankment and 'g'lppt ::j às d. e/dtibyd l1f Ap' n, ex . ( . , . , 2 ùtagjé 1 n'n d 2 . - . . . . t . . . , . j , 2. ( . As regard s the passes, the prolect prèvi' dqs fö' f .k1ê. àritg'g pf , th', e wpàj.ses Wltll a. shd' vel catemillar before each flooding of the pbtd :y;4k j, y %j; . - 'lb' .ç:' y '$k . . ' ,. .r: jk #. . . '. s ' 1j) . . .. 1. n, yj-iw .d. f .th e llml.-t e.. ' d. line cunektnkd, SODELAC t ! ;- !- è : . . . ' ;. : . . è ' t . . .. , which has the required equipment, will' ktkiid' xti'takè th. ls 'tal'k as part Uf it: toutine . , ' ' (vii) Salinl. zation control of the so. ils tk ou tc' . h . : : , = ' ' ., , gh, ..1(:9, 'intitial levellilig of sbils before éaèh floodi. ng so as to ell. minate low pointj - ' .; . .' : . f . .(: .3, :.!;' ? L .( ' , - . . , whichl a'lré airerékbf gàl.t tollcèt.i irk. tîbri, 'atltl h. i'.k.lt pbitttk.. which are areas of formation of carbonated h' b' r. iz.u (j q. $-g : ',.'z )r,(' ;.z ej .j.) .tllè èjtà. blij. h. 'm, ' e.nt t of .ga nxew-t -. e, 'j <.ad tk' .o.f 1511i ezometers in all the rèhabilitate. d polder.s . witl l, itlït, 4,i ig, h . pe. rror.v an. ehtk .f ino. fi. lk)t uri.r .f g :ï .i) f, : the . ' 3 % 'k' :1.s' U' . l '' *? ' . ' '?' groundpater table, make it possible to adjust the if-n' ,r.' m.t' ilk. n;- $k. dched, tïk 'in ,term s Qf itj depzth- and tske measures to maintain or red. uce soil salinit. y; , . tö. à'b c' v*-' -dr'i ptiat. b? le level; s; (ii:' i) . l. nstallà' ti2*o n .Iof' a. . . mbes/valves system, whl' ch will ensure contru' l. lvd'' slj%; m' ë.vi sion of pölderj, will fmally' solve problems of salinl. zation of traditional po' ldèk.r s' ' j 1;' jj . .' ' , 'th' iotlgh trialmtzal rezulation of bolder . ' !' . '*' . '*' .i flooding, thereby recreating an almost natural process (. jtfr washing of' fof excèss salts. ' # .w . . (viii) The project management unit wi,l'll 'ènlllilp iinplement.à tion of the fol, loWiqg measures: (i) avoid prolonged drying up of ih e soi l èti' ,fing the dty season', (ii) in case of . . . ,., , . at . ,tl. und c;? u. vqycle, t insuftu ient punt cover, decompact higher ht,r,wp.i, u .if.il cana out fresh decompacting of the soil before the opening of ihe dam 'for the new crop' cycle. 4.4.15 The PIU will conduct preliminary spdies before the constnlction of eaih of 'the above infrastructure. It will prepare the relatçd. # lddilig docun ) ppts. and. supervise outreaçh, sensitization and training activities for the ,néi ighbUuring pppùtàiion to ensure their participation in the works and maintenance pf' th e intrastructtke. Packages of minor maintenance equipment will be procured by thk <, j.'pj' qç,lI'J ahd placed>' ât the dispdsal of the farmers. The works will be controlled and mprptoreà.yyra quallfièd corfwlting ftrnvth.at will b. .. ? ' e recruited. The Government will provide th# ,qpali/, td jtaff (fö' t the h. ealth çedttej and schools) required for the smooth running of the inttjslructurè, and will bear the o'perafing costs in collabbration with the respective manayç.lent çommittees. The detailtd costs of this component are contained in the working docttment., Component E : Proiect M anagement ' ' . '. 4.4. 16 This component concerns the investnbénts requi,red to ensure managemeny of ' the entire project, and comprises in particular the 'téhaliit' ita' tion t)f bu' ildin' g'''- s,' the p''' rocurement . . . . . of vehiclès, office enuipment. villass as Well â! Jhè reçlruitment of ' locat staff and téchn' ical . ' J:' J:. ' ' ' ' . ,../'. .; .d' ,A.. p . assistance. The programme for the rehabilitattotl of tstlild.ingd çoncefùs villas (17) gnd the administrative buildina of the project (140 m 2 ) àt 'kol ,à$ Uél1 as ihe ware' höpse ot SObECXC -- - - ''. J , . : , . . x . ' in N'Dj; amena (250 m2). The local staff will côrilpri concerns the permanent presence of an expert in administrative and accounts management (48 SM), a rural engineer and a livestock expert specialized in nnimal breeding. The operating and sundry maintenance costs will be borne by the project and Government. The PIU will be resporlsible for managing the project property and sGff. The detailed costs of this component are contained in the working document. 4.5. Proiect Assumptions and Risks 4.5.1 Unstable Clhnatic Conditions: The main âsjumption with respect to acllievement of the project objectives concern: the availability of Fater. In fact, the success of the project presupposes that the climatic conditions are normal, since insuftkient or irregular rainfall can reduce water resources and, consequently, production. However, once the water structures are constructed, the incidence of climatic hazards will be reduced and production secured through control of the submersion of polders by the waters of the I mke whose flood levels in recent years have been satisfactory. 4.5.2 Social Problems: Since the grazers and farmers are often competing for water and land in the project area, the success of the project depends largely on the hwolvement of these two groups in all the project implementation phases. Village water committees, comprising representatives of farmers, and sedentary and transhumance grazers, will be set uP. 4.6 Estimated Cost of the Proiect The total project cost, exclusive of taxes and customs duties, is estimated at CFAF 18,497.19 million (UA 23.24 million), comprising CFAF 13,330.89 million in foreign exchange (UA 16.75 million) and CFAF 5,166.30 million in local currency (UA 6.49 million). This cost comprises a 10% allocation for physical contingencies and 2 % for price increases over the foreign exchange costs and 5% for local currency costs. Tables 4. 1 and 4.2 below summarize the project costs by component and by expenditure category respectively, and the detailed costs are contained in the working document. Table 4. 1 Summa:v Proiect Cost Estimates bv Component - - - in CFAF million------jn UA million -- Components F.E. L. C. Total F.E. L. C. Toul % Toul. A. Dev.polders 4628.30 2198.21 6826.51 5.8 1 8.57 36.88 B. Agric. Dev. 3(X)4. 14 1027.35 4031 .49 3.77 5.06 C. Livest. Dev. 1497.79 253. 14 1750.93 1.88 1510. 10 219.54 1729.64 1.90 0.28 9.38 E Proj . Man. 1056.50 520.30 1576.80 l .33 1.98 Base cost l 1696.83 4218.54 15915.37 14.69 5 . 30 19.99 86.02 Physical contin. 952.62 285.56 1238.18 l .20 0.36 1 .56 6 .7 l Price Esc. 68 1 .44 662.20 1343.64 0.86 0.83 l .69 7.27 Total project cost 13330.89 5166.30 l 8497. 19 6.49 23.24 1 (k).(k) Ta. àuj- léJ.g4 J .2 . ' . ' 1. ' . . ' '. . . . -S--u-nvnarv Prolect Cèst.Esij kjj a. ty . s. 'ls'v .tj. é. yk D'. ,.e . n' i jture C. jteko- l.x' .'' . ' ' ' 1 ) .. . V) . . . . j .j. . . . . : . 7 . q . ' .....-- . . in CFAF m illion------. J -=.v-r .inv.uhAvmillion --- Catecories F.E. L. C. Toml FkE., L.C. Total. ' 1 . Credit 50.* 150.* 2œ. .œ. 0.06 . 0.; 1.9 0.25 1.08 ' 2. Studies/Audit 244.* - 244:*. 0.31 -- '.0.31 1 .33 3. Equip. 1066.76 46.91 1 1 13267 1 .34 - 0.06 1.40 6.03 ' 4. Agiic. inputs 182.35 5.91 -188,.2:5. . . 0.23' . 0.01 0:.24 l .03 . . , 5. Operat. costs 389.79 1 15.88 505 . jg .. ,.; . .uc ' . . . () k 4j () . j, () .(j4 . ' 2.75 . ! . . , . . 6. Staff 13.* 1212.% 1225:.92. ' .. 0.0 2. 1 .5g. .' ' j' 54 6,63 . ' . . , 7. Tech. Assist. 1863.* 0.œ . 186. 3..* . 2.34 t).(X) .. 2*.34 13424 : (:. ):;, 8. Training 230.80 39.21 270.0 1 0.29 0.05 0 .34 1.46 9. W orks 7656.53 2647.72 10304.25 9.61 3.32 17.'93 55..44 .-..-.--Z' Base cost 11696.83 4218.54 15915.37 14.69 5.j0 19.99 86.02 Phys. conting. 952.62 285.56 1238 . 1.8 1.20 0.36 ' 1.56 6.71 Price esc. 681.44 662.20 1343.64 0 .86 . 0, . 83 . 1 . 69 7;27 Total Project Cost 13330.89 5166.30 1.8497. 1.9 16.75 6.49 23.24 1+1 (X) Source of Finance 4.7. 1 The prol. ect will be financed by ADF, , T.A.y , , tj a e oovern m. est of, ch, ad asd. the beneficiaries. ADF contribution will be UA 17. 30 m'illib, n (which' 'rip' resen; t's. . ; . 74.4. % of J the . . . . f . . > ' s ' . w .'. , ,... . total proje. ct coste) . It will be used in financinkcike .. lildj'i; of the fö. re@ i*e- n. exch) r gn*c--e an.d lpcal currency costs of the project, excluding costs yrélkiiikx ' to ,techn: lcal djsistàlrice . and tfaitling which will be financed from TAF resources .k; ; r j 'xe .! '. :' . - . . .' ' . , and: . 'thï ,l()cà1 eu.nyney càjts .'gn local jtaff, . ! . ql, 1. . . ' . ' ; :' . '' . : ' operating costs, maintenance of community iu.fra:tw tiu. re twhioh w il.l be 'btj fhe b# . the . , , z . . . ' i. : . Government and benetkiaries. ADF coniribution ip' . ut,l fé 't inaz. çin'g'''Q of lo' cal cùrrenéy costs. . ' . ' accounts for 15.5 % of the total project cost. , ' 4.7 .2 The local currency expenditure from th: ADF loa'n will be borne in açcordgnce with the principles and conditions defined .in 'yh ' kq: k uurfjent KADhF.-VII Loan Peltcy >nd .ve ' , ' , (4 . .' . idelines and procedures for using the. Teehnlc/l. 'Aisyji s. tance Ftlqd' j , ' a' nd in pirtieul, gr ,poihts 8. 1 and 8.2, for which the following cgnditibhs hgk, ç.b. ççn ftylfiilçd:: (i) th' e Government is gà ing through a difficult period with very diftkult caiah probleins; ivwever, tk.e illitial m sùlt.s of the im plementation of the 1995-2000 econopiç 'policy. are satisfactory atld rèt) eet the oovernment's efors to implement its development prngramm'e by moàilu, iuk tlaq.,extçrnal and internal resources required for its financinj'; r (ii() gelj ecallry spçqkJ' hg, .'t1+ çxternal assistance received for the programm es relatingz :to !: : s . oeujag o.j. s od . foob, sklf-sufticiçnky, str:pg . security and poverty reduction in the country js u'Aed''t.j jà'ln. ly ill filtancing 'fh. e fdfèign axchànge costs of the programmes', .tiii) the gconömic tfçj* jment of thiq typç of .project trural development) requires the establishment of sttl' p, (7rt $. /). . 7jtqmd fOr vf; llage' gftmps and vaf ious<. interest groups which cannot be totally financed by :th' q .mobîlizèd locàl sàvings; (iv) : since lmduf this Project the Government haS undertav() n: t; Vl. ume Parl, Of th8 lucal curren/ costs ,s. t . , ; . . . e : qy . . . . f0r ihe Operation and maintenance of accegs ioadj .to wthe project sites, id addjtion to. the sa l ar ies of the existing staff who will be placed zt thré td imosal of the projecyh tlm. öther l.ocal currency costs are beyond the scope of the Govetitmeêitt, (#) the llattlm ry , ç ue pyoject, whioh, .i.s based on the principle of ensuring that the diffdrtnt project componehtj (sensiiiàationi (. '' .. - .!w.. g . ule 15 training, extem ion, research-development, credit, etc.) are implemented by national institutions and specialized NGOs, requires that tlle essential implemenltion requirements are obtained locally. Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 below show the overall sources of finance of the project, the sources of fmance by component and the summary project cost estimates by expenditure category and source of fmu ce. Table 4.3 Sotlrces of Finance (in UA million) ------in (2 FAF rnillion------in IJ/k rnillion ------Sources F.E. L.C. TO1l F.E. L.C. Total % of toml ADF 10942.21 2823.33 13765.54 13.75 3.55 17.30 74.44 TAF 2388.68 49.52 2438.20 3.* 0.X 3.Y 13, 17 Go?r 18* .50 18* .50 2.26 2.26 9,72 BENEF. - 492.95 492.95 0.62 0.62 2,67 Toml 13330.89 51* .30 18497.19 16.75 6.49 23.24 1œ .œ Table 4.4 Sources of Finance by Component (in UA million) Components ADF TAF GVT BNF TOTAL % of total A. Dev. Polders 7.50 0.36 1.72 0.56 10. 14 43.63 B. Agric. Dev. 4.76 0.89 0.21 0.01 5.87 25.26 C. Livest. Dev. 1 .84 0.* 0.05 0.01 2.50 10.76 D. Attend. Act. 2.17 0.23 0.08 0.04 2.52 10.84 E. Proj. Man. 1.03 0.98 0.20 - 2.21 9 .5 1 Total project cost 17.30 3.06 2.26 0.62 23.24 1(K).(k) Table 4.5 Summary Prol'ect Cost Estimates bv Expenditure Catecorv and Source of Finance (in UA million) Catecories ADF TAF GVT BNF TOTAL X. 1 . Credit 0.25 0.(X) 0.œ 0.* 0.25 l .08 2. Studies/Audit 0.(f 0.31 0.œ 0.œ 0.31 1 .33 3.. Equip. 1 .40 0.(X) 0.œ 0.œ l .40 6.03 4. Agric. Inputs 0.24 0.(X) 0.00 0.œ 0.24 1 .03 5. Operating costs 0.5 1 0 , 0 l 0.09 0.03 0.64 2.75 6. Staff 1.18 0.1) 0.36 0.œ 1.54 6.63 7. Tech. Assist. 0.(X) 2.34 0.X 0.œ 2.34 10.07 8. Training 0. 12 0.22 0.œ ' 0.œ 0.34 1 .46 9. W orks 1 1. 12 0.(X) l .36 0.45 12.93 55.64 Base cost 14.82 2.88 1 . 8 1 0.48 19.99 86.02 Physical conting. l .35 0.02 0 . 14 0.05 1 .56 6.68 Price escalation 1 . 13 0 . l 6 0 . 3 1 0.09 l .69 7.24 Totai project cost l (y)-(y) 4 . 8 Environmental Imp. act ' ' 'y ' ' . . ' . . h . . . ' ! ' ; . : ., p , . r r: . . ky . ..' . .. 21 . ' ' . w. ' . ' ' ' 4 . ; . f 8 . 1 Because of the namre , p7f .' t.' .l i#. . .pr, ti leè- t w. hlth ùoùs. ijts imalln 'tv, , ililt, -tlïe' . % . ' . . 2 . : ' . k . . 7. . . a . rehabilitatio . é , . 'F r . L. q'*'%. ' ' . i . ' ' .. ) ' ' '* . . '% *' c tl .j? ; . j jej.;i . ; ' : . '. %î. :h F ' . n of existlng polders , 11 averâx----é uszepej vt'k . :- ktyp e of. actw. gw s Iredom. ! .m! ! qkdvdvlali. d ' .. '. . . ), * ' iA*. . '3 - tï' ' J ' !F. -1 -'z' -' ' u ' P .; sqt :f L' b ; !z N' ' ' ' ' . ' ' .': ' ' '?' :#V hi > ' '. ., J .; 7 r' . the foreseeable positive impact, the p rct', eç. t i'j ' . 'elàkspifle. d' ti .n. der càtegvfr. y ,'1.1...,. T. ' .h'é. . , Cnvl. ronmental assessment Carlied Out d, tlfing.' .t1. 1 q y: ly; jyjs, . . . sjjyij y. ,p. , y (,jyj . q , y. jp:ju oy. , ,: ucjj j juj. a ' . , . . 2t'Q e' S'l7 jJ :aj. yj,.?!s., . , y ,s., , . .oy .. ) : . ., ( (gjj , r , reV iew of the environmenul conditions d ùricg, h.fiyfd. .'Ll%. n &'pec. tlnhs . 'shoc w tluit rtke ,nvgdtive . . ' . . . .. p ...... '>'; : ,k a *. . ' ' ' l 'f . . ' ' . . ' lmpact j '.' , llkely to arise durlng the polder congt.tltlçtibn and cttltivatlbn p. hase.s, Wil1. b e minimum and could be circumscribed by t:k,h: . ,el.i j mi'.t ig. ation measures réc. omme:hdtd' a. nd' presented below. Potential Impacts 4.8.2 In the project area, the pblderj . j nd ! i-# ,lets' have bee. n used for denturies Kfor agriculture, livestock and tish farm ing. These Eadîvitiùs. gurçl,cartied tlttt in hannony. witlt,ilie existing ecosystem . However, because of thç :lQw levçlss 'of. the J>ke's waser, crops on tlle. llighest p'Olders have been abandoned in the faki; dkev.x', ailu t. uv' er. .t J. 1.i'h çases , the irt' èmrrjitfle ' ' sall. nl. zmtion process has added natron to some. soils ah. d4 made thèm unsuitable fùr fnrsm. . l. b.. g. Utilization of traditional polders encounters pytjb: lems 'sgeh .as:. (i) stebilization of soils izext to dykes by gradual silting due to erosion; (ii) ë . ' . . , ob2 'jrtrgctiofly o'. f wàter passa'ge wwàys as a result of :.;7 ,' . . . ; water and wind erosion; and (iii) salinization ànd graétià. l cérb. onation of lands. 4.8.3 The project aims at developihg traditional activities .on existing pold,ers through appropriate development works so â's 'to i.nkfease agricultutal p'roduciioil in a sustainable m anner. The development of dykéj ' in t. hè lake polders wil'l have a positive impact on the water level of the lake since thè. watef 'tintnzsion will be limited and thé làke surface will be subject to evaporation. About 91;,j' 50,000 ;m3 of Fatèr are requiyéd ' to submerge 6190 ha, representing the total area of thç polders to be developed uride!- the present project. The proposed development worés 'will provide lasting solution tb the regression of arable Iand, tllrough natural washihg off of excess salts. No p'hyjical development work is envisaged in the insula'r zone. 4.8.4 The modifications made by the, develtpj p' .ments on ti l e ecology of the polders are m inor and should not be harm ful, sincé neithpr the flora nor the fauna will be t lu. eat ened by the project activities. similarly' iuter,i ki:h.'tàtion, (jf agricultural productiop' on . / . ' the rehabilitated polders will not cause any hal'm t4 the soil le. vel nor ground wa. tqr tablv. The regular flooding of the polders, in additiaa to its beneficial effçcts on ionic balancès in the soil-plant interface, will sustain the nattzral' 'prljuess of feritlizing the soil. There: is no reason to fear chem ical pollution as a result of th. e cultiyation of the polders and increasè in yields. Natural fertilizing is a potential which w t 11 be Amply 'd u f.'fiçiegt for dqcades to come, and the development of Rmild'' methods of fightiqg: a.. .g ùzik nst the e(nemies of crppj tirough appropriate crop rotation, for example, will avo kJ' d '.' fjf d.blems of pollution by pqsticides. The project does nOt provide for the introduction of hew crops nor significant çhanges. iq the traditional farming methods . On the other handj the development of the 'kouri .race' cattle will also avoid the disappearance of a profitable raèe adàpted to löcal conditions. 4.8.5 Ephem eral impacts could arijç aj regards seLurit'y and hygiene dùring implementation of the physical works. Similgrly, dùring review of the cgrrent division iato plots and redistribution of lands, disagreements. cè. uld .yf ise between farm' ers because of the dimensions, location and characteristics of the âllocâted, plots. ,, .''.' 17 4.8.6 The rehabilitation of 120 km of existing feeder roads will not have any serious impact on the environm ent because the roads will only be levelled and compacted to make them motorable a11 year round. Under the project, no trees will be cut down nor will there be any terracing works, working of quanies and borrow pits, displacement of the population, nor alteration of natural hydrographic networks. .. =' '- M itigation M easures 4.8.7 The design of structures, slopes of embankm ents, orientation and characteristics of fences, the sodding of dyke embankments and sides of dunes with local perennial gram inaceae will control erosion and instability of the dunes. Other recom mended measures are: (i) the strategic location of cattle and village water pointas; (ii) the development of cattle schemes; (iii) the control of cattle movement', (iv) restriction of access by animals to unstable areas', (v) establishment of a protection belt of thorns around lakeside dunes; (vi) the integration of agriculture and livestock; (vii) the allocation of lands by SODELAC with the collaboration of village and land chiefs; (viii) the control and monitoring of the quality of drinking water from the boreholes and wells; (ix) the establishment of a piezometer network on all the rehabilitated polders for the permanent monitoring of the groundwater table so as to adjust the farming schedule and control salinization', (x) monitoring of animal diseases and the health of the population; (xi) inclusion in the specifications of measures such as the method of works implem entation, safety and hygiene on the worksite and the control of tree felling and water pollution by hydrocarbons and oil wastes', (xii) support of the M inistry of the Environment and W ater for the monitoring of environmental measures; and (xiii) the establishment of an environmental infonnation and sensitization progrnm me. Im pact On W om en 4.9. 1. In tlze project area, women are already playing a prominent role in the village economy. In addition to their role as mothers, which forces them to perform several dom estic tasks (education of the children, house hygiene, fetching water and tirewood), they also pm icipate with men in various agriculmral activities (soil preparation, cultivation, harvesting, processing and marketing of agricultural, livestock fislzing and handicraft products). In this respect, the women will benetk from a1l the project outputs. They will participate particularly in basic committees for health, education and m anagement of water point.s and polders. They will play a prominent role in m arket gardening, sheep and cattle fatterling, and the processing of agricultural and dairy products. These activities will provide the women with substantial additional income. 4.9.2. Some associated activities in the project will have a direct impact on improving wom en's status. They are, in particular, the introduction of cereal m ills, the construction of village boreholes, the popularization of improved hom es, the construction of health centres, the implementation of a programm e on health education, mother and child welfare, fnm ily planning, training of village m idwives, and the dissem ination of improved market gardening methods and selected seeds. 4.9.3 The project provides for the formation of 200 women's productive groups including 100 in the agricultural sector and 50 for livestock activities. To this end, a women's outreach activities unit to be tinanced by the project will be set up in Bol. lt will assist women . t . . ' ê ...... ' lr . :-, ' <. > '' . ' fp r . . .)N .t.v . 18 ,'.4 . j. .j . : ' 8 * ') ' # . ,.. . f, î..'J ' % . ' S$'#. . . 3q .c ., .j ' >.. !: #.J , .yk .; . . . . , . . , - y.t . , j,2 ' 5 m' forming groups to prom ote income-genèrat. ing. i,jt?c'lorfc4hond ic actlv lt1e.S . . rO' d' uq ' c't'l $(3' n ., 4.,. k .-!i1 ;li/'. :1. .1 ' /1!ë1. 1k' 1i1;,.i /;p' 41:21: :1Ei1.'.1i .;'t'1I.'l!-'.1 L':1i4!j;. ' .-1 .2 12-*1.:1 .*1 -1:)'-1! 51- ' !.;2- '.:.,L' .' 57:.-!' r. Mr .ocessing' , marketing nn. d handicra. ft, ) ; The. . ip,. .1%: j'. b...+: 1y Wilully- tuvid 'eQ 'tt'k e tlm '1: . . t . . ,. . jh. .., zv:* j. ( cjy cy . a y , . . ; . 4 . , . . . : . - . . , . . s . . . . j y s .$ y , y .; r . vj . jyy jjy,y yu jy . y and sundry tools. Unddr the credit fund w'hièh' '*'fl.lk b e..'è. s yjyay y y, jy jy.j o'PCOJ 'ec. t ' ' t 'e lln lt W' 411 ' . ' . ' g'vA.,'. '. ?>.4 . ., , - . , ,,pt .;u. jj . , . : . :.k , . .. assist wöinèn s groups ln preparing nnd prèNé.ù ti. ,na thyj;jjk( , .: . ; , ; gtyo j,j gxjy.j j. .;gjayjg;j ysg1 1R11 IIC .1 711, 2 . : x.q $ 7. : *. ''# ...e.l't. 'proleotC. .1 . .:j i : 4.1ù Im pact on Poverty ' ' 4 . 10 . 1 Project activities will cont'r ibutqç. tU' . p. twe, r,t, y', . red uction in 'tlle Préfeçttlre .du.' 1 m. c . I . ' . . ; : i ' . ' .n fact, the construction of dykes will facilitaté. .t11 e .#pp' itol o'f -p' '(.y lt1 ef sit b tndrsitm, the t.lb.e. .of ' ' '2 6 XG ' ' improved seeds, l. mprovement of animal heàlfh; as , well. as the form, atien and sup p ort for fanner Rnd grazer groups tlar Ough credit â're af.1 ztsttkties wlu' çh ' wlfl' enable farmers tö. . . ; , h'k t . . L . . . increàse their production and, consequend' y., th çit- .1h. qeme, Tlwse : activi.tie: will pro%ide Season;, l 'ànd/or permanent agricultural jèbs (ësbtmr'. 'atbdh jyé .t., '*5,.' milliö'h dé. y' s öf wofi k' ) wh' i'çh. wtll contribute to creating J. obs in the prol. ect . yâ . reâ. ,. ., .t- .?.i ;: . . : : . !. . E'f.fu . ï . /4j; . l!' h' ive re. vd. lufma tibn, of th e. a-a-- zr. icuftu. r.a1 working day will have positive impact on the red ùcflo'n of exodlo by meh to ihe töwrls and nzral developm ent. ' 4. 10.2 The project tnkes into account pove'r,t y redûction tlupugh the prbmofion of actikitiek to satisfy the essential need. d of the mgst 'tm/dél'pf ik, lleqed. g' rtmps, in partiè. li 1% t.l ïe i, The impom nce attached to wom. . er/j sa:tixjïiyk'.'in tli. e devèliy. merit aktiviiiks of' tk. e prolect arèa will contribute to pro%'l' ect ' sttstikiabihtv' i .b, # euaraùtk dmc . acckss bv women . . : . 'b*f . ' œ' ' *'' . ' . g . %''. G -': (womçn's 1e...arouAo. s and mana%c-,.' ement com' mittepo.' Ttk rejources a'h. d d'ecijièh-m ak irig'. In , ...... ftj. .d, . ( .?:. . 'j . :.s. ' . acq. ess to' dr.inking water ' addition, basic health monitoring in the hea? ' sp q , . , baskc education (prl' mary schools) and opening up 'Uf) thé ar' ea (feède L roads) will contribute to improving the general living conditions of tlz, # (j. puj at jr( ) u. PROJECT IM PLEM ENTATION 5.1 Executinc Acencv 5. 1. 1 The Borrower will be the Republic of. Cthgd, while tlw. Executiùg Agency will be SODELA/. SODELAC is a parastaul uwder the .s.:) ti. p.,L. vvispry authotity oe. f tlk. e.a') M intstry of Agriculture, responsible for the socio-ecoùomi ç'' dekelipnïent of the, Préfectufe du La8 which has alread# benetitted from institutional suppq k. t'iné ù.ù éd bj AbF. . 80b; EEAC will 'sét tip , ' within the curporation, a Project Implementàtio'n Uhit .( >1U) to w'vèlhf.c.Wilt be entrusted. tlie project management. Project implemèntation wil,l . cij j éi' 5 years'. The unit will be prpki.ded we ith'' qualified' '' staff limited'' to the ''e ssentiàl furictiöàJ s. .(j'f the pröject. Thè PIU wtl.l be headtd by a Coordinator, an experienced senior sGff of thé. Pdblle 'Setvice who will' be selçcted froin a iï . . '1 , .:L . . . short list of 3 candidates jresented by tlk Go. # étn, mlk t 'a. nd W h'ose CV will be jubmitted to ADF for approval. The PIU will be located in. the premises of S UDELAC 'in Bo1 ,énd will benefit from assistance from specialized op eratovs Qperàting in the project area @nd experienèed in their respective fields, withiil the frâlziework Of agreemdnts to be signed with the PIU . ' 5. 1.2 Besides the Coordinator? the PIU wilfl d. 6mprise 7 national managetiat (staff ' ' ' 1:*. . ' . ' . . seconded from the Public Service to the prol. eoi., sqp. . pf. orkd' lsy 3 techn' l.cal' assistant! (1' rural engineer, who will be the main adviser to the Ctjolrd ihator, . 12 : agr icujtttral'vikpért, spegiàfiked . . . . . 2 . . . 'h..' ' . j . in rural outreach activities and 1 li,yestock. expe,l.. m eeivfi4ëd 'ip animal breedinl) and, hétional engineering consultants responsible for wpeyvtsi, u,yapdiafkonl. toting tketconstructiön wlaks.of infrastructure. The unit will therefore liave t h. -' e.1:'.) / kekflf.l j-..' Ljrnj expvk. tije reqùired for car' l' ing 4 ) 19 through the project. It will also use NGOs and short-term consultants for specitic tasks (credit, women's outreach activities, organization of farmers, etc.). 5. 1.3 The unit will be responsible for adm inistration, day-to-day mnnngem ent, coordinntion and monitoring of the various project activities. It will prepare the nnnual activity progrnmme and the related budget estimates, as well as project progress reports in line with set objectives. 5.2 Organiymtion and M anacement 5.2. 1. The management structtlre of the project comprises an lnter-M inisterial Steering Committee (CIP), a Technical Committee (TC) and the PIU. In view of the multi- sectoral nature of the project, its design, its organization and management are simple so as to facilitate implem enltion of the activities. At the national lekel, the PIU will be responsible for coordination, monitoring and orientation of project activities. The unit will be mairlly responsible for coordinating, orienting and ensuring consistency of project objectives with national policies. 'I'he PIU, wllich will be presided over the M inistry of the Plan, will comprise represenâtives of Ministries whose activities are provided for in the project (agriculture, livestock, environment, water, public works, health, national education, social affairs). The PlU will meet twice each year, when convened by its Chairman. 5.2.2 On the tield, project activities will be coordinated, monitored and controlled by the TC whose members are technical officials of the various local structures involved in the implementation of specitic project components. The TC wltich meet-s once each month under the chairmanship of the Project Coordinator, is the consultation forum wlzich will regularly fake stock Of the progress of the various project components. 5.2.3 The Project Coordinator will report directly to the General M anager of SODELAC on the day-to-day management of the project. The specitications will defme the responsibilities of the General M anager of SODELAC and of the Project Coordinator. The specitk ations will be submitted to ADF for prior approval, and will constitute one of the conditions precedent to loan effectiveness. 5.2.4 Project activities will be monitored and supervised by national managerial staff, each in his area of competence. The project comprises seven areas of activity', they aqe: (i) agriculture comprising research-development-extension, training, village outreach activities and organization; (ii) livestock (cattle selection, animal healthl; (iii) development of polders, rural water supply and feeder roads; (iv) public health, drainage, IEC programme; (v) national education; (vi) environmental management and monitoring; and (vii) credit and savings. 5.2.5 The staff assigned to the project will include, in addition to the Head of the Unit who will be the Project Coordinator, seven professional staff who will each be responsible for a project component identified in the above-mentioned areas. These are : i) an agricultural engineer for the developments ; ii) an agronomist specialized in seed production and agricultural extension ; iii) a veterinary surgeon specialized or with experience in the tield of animal breeding ; iv) an environmental expert ;v) an education expert ,' vi) a public health and IEC expert ; vii) an agricultural economist, specialized in credit/saving. The contractual staff will m ainly be com posed of 5 agronomists, Heads of the sector, an adm inistrative m anager, an accountant , two assistant accountants , an executive 'J secretary , two messengers and two watchm erïtt'- tlt a' qtly, tjh e . ite. Ch n ical assistàmcè' .w. itll ' , . comprise : 1) a flnancial . expert , specié, fiz. e. . ..d. z, 'i'n 'e(5'i -np. tk'' 'tçiqlzç.d' aç' :(. )ll'h, tg', tf'f ïéhà. ig' ',emk-ht. , .w. .ko , . t!j z .g y ;. .y i- will play the role of advlser to the Gen. evf-à, .y.y, y )j. -.j, #kg. . y .x .y. )..) . .,t .-,. , .j. u.) . . . y . .x , , iy.y,iasjyj,kj.j yjya j.: . c.tlp' .M'à. ,#s A g,. j. ',t,' :# f, ,;.S.%.4d., p;.làd, ; ?i'il àri , .àg . . . . x . + : j J w. .. wwww x u. w çw .w x' .. .. a.x '..=. .a zj ;.Ln.. u xwx, ,k .. . u ll .cj A ', Cflgilleef ; 111J al'l ag17Oh0m1S t SPCCIRIIS t tn 'extr, tn N'IOH œH. u zm , 'a. 'n.'. 1w.l' l:I j!1 : . ll' l E;v? , . iJ. k v. w a wcu. .. . j.?r n . . yjtj . . - .. ! v a . ., ,0 , . ' I 1 . .: . . . . ; . ,, ...... xrj 4 . J; ; ' i .: ...... : ' . ' .. k . . . . . e) . . . ' ; ' . iâxk .' ' . . . . : . k k 4. . . 5. 'o ) '.' 2 . 6 The prellm inary studies p, ri' öt to q, thy, s'7h.'ml . pw' le,.l11e.'h, tàtïori. 0. f 'the két.louj, , .p#4J, ,e. ct. , ...... ' ,, y i Yl ; ., . m y YJ y. ys . m )' 1p1 1 . ' ' . . . . , <' , y' s. ' p . , ' ' i , . . . . . ' r' . ' ' actlvltles will be conducted by specialiàed ûgé-ù, c+.. 5. .r(#+n, s,. t. llt. ijkg' ,f,l.rm, , s,, . N tGz Os , admi.jyy yy jjyyyys a .. servlces) w'itlun the scope of agreements slgh éd. , wit;h , : ,'th. e. P 'IU'; '. T: he p, rèpatatlgn Uf bld d ïizg documents, supervision and inspection of 1*. vastrtz' e: 'm' 're . wôrks * i1l be carried out by ' ' . . ;'t w . 5. a. j j ' . , . <1 j( z k . ' . consultants to be recruited, under the sup. ervision t'ifftlté' PI U . 5.3 Procurement of Goods and Sqrvices ' !' . ' h ' ' ' . . t - - k - . . 5.3. 1 The arrangements for the procuiç p'j. èkt ùf gobd'j qh' d servicks are sum, mAtizéd . -- . 'T''-L z '. . .:. j' M-v ' . . : x 4 - in Table 5. 1. All goods, works and séryices..lhh/àtiupd by tfjç Balik wilf 'be 'pröcured. in . . . t. . .: ...... aCC0rd ance with the Barlk's rules of procedugù tof thh/ S.p tocuj rt. liaelt,t of gpod.d ana w. . öfkk, or. RS the Case may be, With the Bank j s nlles ö, f pr tkedut Lrre s. rjju ujé' y . oj- y. ojsuj,uùts y b# using the m odel bid documents Of the Bank. 21 Table 5.1 Arran ements for the Procurement of Goods and Services In UA million Categories ICB LCB Others Shortlist Fin. TOTAI. Other ADF 1. W orks : l.l.lnigation Scheme 6.24(6. 18) 0.06 6.24 (6. 18) 1.2 Buildings and Various infrastr. 5.02(3.27) 1.75 5.02 (3.2% 1.3.Dri1ling and Wells 0.X(0.92) 0.X (0.X) 1.4 Feeder Roads 0.75(0.75) 0.75 (0.75) 2. Goods : . 2. 1. Rolling Stœk - 0.46(0.46) 0.46 (0.46) 2.2. Other Mat./Misc. Equip. - 0.94(0.94) 0.94 (0.94) 2.3. Inputs and Products - - 0.24(0.24) 0.24 (0.24) l. Services Contracts 3. 1. Smdies and Audit - - 0.3140.31) 0.31 (0.31) 3.2. Technical Assistance - - 2.34(2.34) 2.34 (2.34) 3.3. Training - - 0.3440.34) 0.34 (0.34) 3.4. Credit - - - 0.25(0.25) 0.25 (0.25) 4. Operation 4. 1 Maint. of Veh. & Equip. - - 0.34(0.30) 0.04 0.34 (0.30) 4.2 Oflice Supplies & Corlsum. - - 0.2440.22) - 0.02 0.24 (0.22) 4.3 Buildings Rental - - - - 0.06 0.06 5. Smff 5 1 Allowances and Bonuses - - 1.18(1.18) - - 1. 18 (1. 18) ' ') ' 5.2 Salaries - - - - 0.36 0.36 . . xot Allocated 3.25(2.66) 0.s9 3.25. .2.66 -,:. --. Toua! 7.91(7.85) 5.02(3.27) 6.6s(6.œ ) 3.24(3.24) 2.88 23.24(.:. ().j'à) ., q OZQX > refcr to UimitRd Sho/piflgj irlterl3tiorlal Or 1001 Shopping, negotiated Contrad sr œnstrtldion by fOr force account. The figuiis '' irl bfzckots ORCCFR th0 ZYOUYS éRZRXU bY the 6aI1k (ADF and/or TAF). * 5.3.2 The PIU w ill be responsible for preparing the bidding docum ents and the contracts for goods and services. This will be done within the framework of the National Tender Comm ission whose capacity, expertise and experience are adequate to manage the procurem ent. sVorks 5.3.3 Civil works will be procured in accordance with 1CB procedures for the following 3 contracts: (i) irrigation schemes (UA 6.24 million), (ii) drilling and wells (UA 0.92 million) and (iii) feeder roads (UA 0.75 million) whose total amount is UA 7.85 m illion while the contract for the rehabilitation and constnzction of various works and ' .% infrastructures whose amount stands at UA 3.27 w ill be awarded in accordance with LCB ':L. procedures. This last mode of procurem ent is recom mended in view of the very diversified namre of the infrastnzctures to be rehabilitated or rebuilt and the fact they are geographically dispersed. This .will require the preparation of small contracts whose amount will not exceed UA 200,000. Goods 5 1 . . ? ' ty ' . .3.4 Rolling stock (10 FW D' vehiclçs aildzx 34'? motorcydlçs) 'for a,a amourtlt of' U, A 0 * 41 mill' ion will be procured throuj.h . ir.ï tçar. or., ' %J Dt?.1b' 11Rq . l) '' Xi' j. 'li. Ap, p itzJ g. 'rh' e Bo' rr' ow' e.r -pk''4 'â .t;l ,be . !, . y à, ) '. t . . 2. y . , :) . . . . : encouraged to use the services of the Uilfted Nx.,.xt,ionj, .A'g4.qcy (IAP :-0) x--- iyen. ,t,l ze ad. k'alkage k. tg '.k ' ' 'Lt -J , . . . . c < . . . ' . gained. Other m aterials and equipment reqkirèifafb' > ht@e ip. toleci ditffes .in, f. yz pe, quaktityànd use. They vary from seed drills to artitkial ihs'è. h.i.)i. kàli.ù t 1;.t eq uipment arid, '/or teachink' . aids nt.o inputs and products. It is not possible to aqseikb.l:ë all fh. is eqùiptrmnt i,n one 'btk,l 'il iing . T' '.' . u* ?LJ ' . document, more so since the suppliers are diftkregt,'band. spf çcialiked. These items: w.ll.l'.be . procured thtough international shopping. This kmod, e o f prèeuremeh t, has beop .qlejen.t.kih. ce competition will be ensured due to the 'stzfficiènt'z ' num' b er of qualifïi' ed. s.lipp'ilters' representatives whO will guarantee competitive ppides'. The fellowing. ptèctflement' procedurej will be followed for the goods cont/ined 6in th e c < others , , colunm y n y. j; t.) j ; 5. . j. (In UA Mill.i.on.l . . Procedure Good: Maximu/ per Total Maximum . Contraet Intemational shopping Rolling stock (vehiélés,i motprs) 0.35 ' 0.46 Other mat. & various vqtlip. , 0.25 0.94 lnputs and produds Local shopping Fuel, spare parts 0.36 Office supplies 0.10 0.22 Consultancy Services 5 3 5 Procurement of services of techn. icql' pysistance, short -tenn consgltants for carry in gout preliminary studies, audit, trainiù'g aqdilere' dk manqgement wîl'l be on the' bqsis of a shon list in accordance with the Barlk's mles of/rdeedute of the use, of corisultants. In. each case, the examination of bids will be based on th e ceribarison n'f teohnlcal pröposals and. the selection of the lowest financial Offer. General Procurement Notice 5.3.6 The text of a General Procurement Notice (GPN) will be agreed upop with the Government and issued for publication in th e << Developinent Business >, upon kpproval by the Board of Directors of the loan proposal. Review Procedures . . y z , 5.3.7 The following documents will be jgblpitte'd for mview. and appm val by. th: e Bank before promulgation: (i) specific procurepe, nt r/tices; (ii) tznde;f rdocuments or m.q. vests for proposa:r ls from consultants ; (iii) tender çv. a'' lpatietl' 'rqp'orts of cpntractors and suj. p lie' rs chr consultants proposals including reconameudktipqs. ot ' ' ooptrqt ys award ., and (iv) d'fzf't contracts, if these have been amended from ythé d'rah! includèd i:j the b idxdiqg dgcum ents. 23 5.4 Im plementation Plan and Expenditure Schedule Im plem entation Plan 5.4. 1 'rhe project will be implemented over a five-year period with effect from t12 entry into force of the loan agreem ent. The schedule in Annex gives the timing for the various project activities. The projected implementation schedule for the mnin activities of the project is as shown in Table 5.2 below. Table 5.2. Provisional Proiect Activities Implemenution Schedule Activities/Actioas Responsible Acencv Bexirminx Duration Board approval ADF Jan. 99 1 month Loan agreement signed ADF/GVT Feb.- March 99 2 months PlU set up GVT Feb. - July 99 6 months laoa11 effectiveness GVT/ADF June-lul. 99 2 months Recruimzent lœ al staff GVT Jul - Déc. 99 6 months Bidding and recruitment of of tecluzical assisunce PRVADF Jul. - Sept. 99 3 months Prelirninary smdies and bid docs. PlU Sept. - Dec. 99 3 months Preparation of BD for worlts Infrastructures PlU Sept. - Dec. 99 3 months Invimtion to tender and selection of coneactors PIU/ADF Jan. - M arch 24K0 3 m onths Implemenmtion of dykes and constr. works PIU/Enterp./ADF June 2(+ Dec. 2œ 1 18 months Agricultural development PluO en. July. 99 - Dec. 2œ 3 54 months Livestock development PIU/Ben. July. 99 - Dec. 2œ 3 54 months Associated activities Constzuction of earth roads Coastruction of boreholes Plu/Enterp. Jan. 2* 1- Jan. 2œ 2 12 months Contnlction of cattle wells Conse. of schools/health cenees Environmental morlitoring PIU/GVT Jan. 24* - Dec. 2œ 3 48 months M onitoring/evaluation PIU/GVT Jul. 99 - Dec. 2œ 3 54 months M id-term review ADF/GVT Oct. 2œ 1 1 month Audit PIU/ADF Begirming of each year smrting in the year 24K Completion report PIU/ADF End of 5* year 1 month Expendimre Schedule 5.4.2 Tables 5.3 and 5.4 below present respectively the expenditure schedules by component and by source of fmance. Table 5.3 Exnenditure Schedule by Component (in UA million) Comnonents 1999 2(œ 2œ 1 2œ 2 2œ 3 TOTAL x A. Polders devel . 0.39 4.01 4.74 0.58 0.42 10.14 43.63 B. Agric. dev. 0.54 1 .35 l .44 1 , 36 1 . 1 8 5.87 25.26 C. Livestock dev. 0.59 1 .03 0.41 0 . 3 1 0. 1 6 2.50 10.76 D. Associated activities 0. 14 0.95 1.26 0.08 0.09 2.52 10.84 E. Project management 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.43 0.40 2.21 9.51 Total Project Cost 2 . 1 l 7 .8 l 23.24 1(X).(X) 24 Tablets ,.# . . - ., Exxndimcersèh-. qz ulE ' t' y,'b k.v - q% s.èùt-. : jafof Finance . ' (.in'- .t1 A,:ntlllyïj:hpl. / . Sources 1999 2000 2001 . 2002 2003 TOTAL % . t ' v ADF 1 . 34 6.34 6;7. 8 ' . b.447,'.. . lz40 . 17.30 ' 74.44 ' . . TAF 0.40 0 . X 0 . 87 0 . 63.: ' . ' '0 . 2 6 3.06 13. 17 ' GOV. 0.36 0.42 0.46 0.4.9. 0:5.3 2.26 9.72 BENEF. 0.01 0. 15 0.20 . 0.2 tj : 0 .06.. 0.'62 2.67 Total 2 . 1 1 7.81 8.31 ' 2.7 6 2.25 23.24 1œ .œ 5.5 M onitoring and evaluation and Audit Two types of monit' orihg and evàluation. are ' envisaged' : per.m ,'.â,pëm monitoring and evaluation which w. ill be carnk ed .w. otzt ltby . tlw,. mo' ni toting éi.,l. 'd .evél. liàfiljn service of SODELAC with the participàtNlk on of .di è' .VJ h' éfki' a' liéj ,rt'htlmgh the èmapàk.ement ak.. .?u . . ;. : j ' ' ;r xj ' . . --' w . ..' . .-.k' . . . committees of their associations ànd extenml mö' n' i'tb. J' r.' ié' g ' ân' d' é' #àluaji,' on can' i' 7 e' d, èi' l15 t j ki'1' li' d'tly. by the M inistry of Plannl<. ng (Diréètorate fo'r Eïttrnàl' Rçsoutces, Prolects .qnd P fqxr' nm'j mes M onitoring and th e M inistry of Agriculm re. ' ( ' . - ' . - 'U' , M pniiofling gnd Evaluvtion 'felh. n. ,1tyl, Unwtitl. The munitoring and evaluation will .'pérticularly. cenlxrn ë tlie followin: tudk.tior.k s': ('i) '''' -...... ; . : . . . , - - ) ' ' x ( y monitoring of the prolect implementation on ,bisis èf 'ihe estd4hA lislwd wo. rks. khedule; '('il) monitoring of project implementation agreements jignyd 'with the various op.erators; (iii) monitoring of prolect expenses; (iv) assessment of thb' ad' equacy cff the resotlrces employ' :d, ' ' in relation t.o the planned oblectives, (v) id4ù, tif..i cqitkj n of th e prbjq.e ts?. js 'ptoblems a.t ilie organizationàl ànd technical levels; (vi) moriitbriné- qnd' assesszm'ç-pi of' 't'l i4 p- tolV ect's Tj- m'p* à. dt: .. . . ' ' ' . on the environment, agricultural and anlmal praduqlib). 1i, ; . a' nd' ' thei ç* olled't of stayistical' d' y'.ti. qn the various prol. ed components . Furthermore, a préjM/xlaunthing misjiph is schedlxtltkdj qs Well as ADB reinforced supervision missions . The A'J R1é ' ; o perations monitoring u'rlit ih C 'had: will assist in the supervision of the projeèt. A midri.- hr!m , projec. t çvaluatien will. 'b'e cârrivd, out by the Bank at the beginning of the th. l. rd. yç. ar 'U.f ;' tl. t' e p roject lif. e, to aswgs the 'p, rb( ;gress .% : . . .. ; achieved, identify the constraints, and if ,need' be; > rttpose a prolect rçfömmlgtilm . .k jj(.k, nt ' ' ' '' 1 ' . ' ' . l annual audit of the project accounts is plapnêd t; b. 1$*'-' 1; .' blish. t: hëk finançial fesulys of the project. I. t will be carried out by a 5141,1 of eqte.rt' tq, yl 'à.tlditbrs tö be recnlited through, loeàl .J( . . : r . competitive bidding. At the end of the proj eot, the 'P:tplyçt. I'mplementation Unit will, ptepare ' a prol' ect completion report to be transm itted td th. e ADF. Recurrent Costs 5.6. 1 . Farmers are responsible for the m aintenance of dykes, passes, wells and ' feeder roads built by the project. Their particip ation.i: thij t#/. e of works wilil 'bé mairily i'n ' the fo rm o f labour organized through, vi.llyye-based traditional groups. These works represent nearly 20,000 working days #çJ- yeà' r, ..op, ) nd arly CFXF ' 10 j 000 , 000 .Howev:r, they will fully absorb the Other operating expènses, i.'e./ the developlent of fé.fm i.ng plots, seeds and equipment for Ox-drawn cultivation. . kleèpt'rest qgriculttital costs incurred b. y the beneficiaries are estimated by farming unit at' ne/rï yt UFAF 12 ,40Q. in insular area's and CFAF 27,000 in the polders areas. Finyncjal gssij*p' nc' e in the fo''' rm of agricultura'l ctedit will . gllow the beneficiaries to acquiré inpitts y' fld' ' the nèces.sfary. light maintenance equipment. W orks requiring the use of heavy equipm. 'Qnt w'tll bç 'carried out by SOD ELAC , at the expense of the farmers. 25 5.6.2 The m aintenance of polders will involve ammal activities for the removal of sand, remaking of slopes of dykes and passes, to ensure their smooth functioning and to prolong their life span. This operation will start from the third year, following the farming of the polders. The m aintenance of rural roads will be carried out on an annual basis by the farmers themselves in the form of maintenance units, supervised by SODELAC'S agriculm ral engineering services. This will consist in operations involving the sanding off, loading, levelling, compacting, contour forming and stabilization of the caniageway boundaries. Finally, the maintenance of the boreholes and cattle wells will be a permanent activity under the responsibility of the m anagem ent comm ittees set up by the bepeticiaries with financing from subscriptions by members of the m anagem ent comm ittees. As for health centers and schools, these will be taken care of by the Government in support of the initiatives from the respective farmer management committees. 5.7 Proiect Sustainabilitv 5.7. 1 The participatory approach adopted in the project design and implementation will involve giving responsibility to farmers in the project execution with a view to preparing them to take charge of the sustainability of development after the project investment period. The envisaged developments (dykes equipped witll a valve system for the control of submersion) will bring a lasting solution to the regressive trend of traditional polder soils, by means of the quasi-natural process of rem oving the excess salt. The project's executing agencies are already existing structures. 5.7.2 The population will participate in the execution works for the construction of dykes, digging of charmels, slopes grass regeneration, reforestation and rehabilitation of feeder roads. Given the simplicity of the above-m entioned infrastrucm res, their maintenance will be carried out without any problem by the population, organized in groups and which will receive from the project light maintenance equipment and tools. 5.7.3 The population, organized in comm ittees, will be responsible for the management of polders and other infrastnzcttzre created by the project. The income generated by these project activities (agriculture, livestock) will make it possible to meet upkeep and maintenance costs of the project developments and infrastructure. The end objective of this policy is to free, as much as possible, the farmers from technical and financial dependency, of administrative and tinancial services and give them the means to manage the land them selves and make decisions concerning their development. Aid Coordination 5.8. 1 External aid coordination is carried out by the M inistry of Planning and Land-use Planning in collaboration with UNDP. In this connection, four roundtable conferences have been held in 1983, 1985, 1990 and 1998 with the view to enabling the authorities to m obilize the resources required to finance the country's socio-economic development programmes. ln addition to these international conferences, Chad organizes sector meetings on the development of the different sectors of the economy. The utilization and orientation of external aid in Chad is also reviewed during the m eetings of mem bers of the Special Programme on Africa (SPA). Furthermore, under the on-going stnlctural adjustment progranune since 1985, close cooperation between the major cofinanciers has been established by introducing, on a quarterly basis, monitoring reports on the F > N'- 'V. . $ Q U' v' r 26 ' . : im plem entation of the measures under the p rogram, .m': !.v a'n. d t' , hr. m'r. .. re. gtt 'lâr com m u. ni.g , :tiv lgr.i - 'to. . . ' ' çt' '' : .! . . . . ;. . ; o 2. o . y j ' . the cofngnciers . The latter. also take pArt tin . t,h'.e 'hi r. e. v4e.w. misslons . vh, d. 1.n '. ,ântl. .u' .al- .. y siysuyj 4 t.m . consultatiöns on the status of the programme lmplj .g 1.?: o j. tu. jon. .0 , ' g ' ' '1 e . . :: 7 5.8.2 It is in this contextthat meçtiqa; F-qre. prganlz.ed durin' g t, hq. AD. F'. r .gn, p'p iga'l . '* ' ' . ' . m ission ) ; . . . '''r . @' tj ; '. x : k . . - : 'r 7 z-. . 'ut 'M e .j . j. , w ,'i th the AFD , the W orld B' An, k, th. 'è.F Eulttjo-pkkàin ' U' hion, ''.U' NU' ' P , U ';N .I.Cr:EIF.',. W H. 9 d the, B. .# lnk m ilipn' t'è and the United States Emb assy in Ndjantena's''' kr. .T. he.,1' ti.ktitliks çgglb,'lç. ' ' - . 't!; '..1ky ' ' .'çt :!L ',' 'A''. ' k) . ;.:' . . draw lessons from the experiences of th. ese dèiiorh iù. pro. Jett deslgn and proposé to. tllé Government appropriate solutions. - TECHNICAL AND EcoNoV It JtlàltlncxTloNs . . 4.. L 6.1 Technical Justification ed for uùd 6. 1. 1 The hydraulic infrastrucm res which wèrç provid. . er the preject have a simple technical design. They consist bf sand ady. kèws whose dlow s'lqp e.j aye p rotécted by stone facing, fascines and grass regeheration. T. his'ted'hn. ique m duqçs Lthe effects of erbsion. M anagement of these structures does not po . L . . . ( t.lz ; . se any :f.n k. pr problgems 'iipce' it fnvölves simple y . J.. manipulation operAtions (opçning and closing gf .yal.'l tkvskj' , , yegvlqi,pn of Fbter flow rAte and periodic maintenance of structures, bailing of pakses, prètectipn o,f structures). 6. 1.2 The development principles prpp. osed by the project are mod' el , techniques currently used by the farmers. They take Into açcount thJ land ténure system in force in the project area and do not cause any fu' ndamental èhanges. ' 6. 1.3 W ith regard to agriculm ral activities, it is important to point out that the . . 1...... s fanuing methods proposed are bgsed on wel'l 'klw.'' w 'n existina, p raetices and 'dtivèkti'fied crop. . . 'J w. 5TA . ' u ' ' 7 'r q j. -t so as to minim ize farm ing and marketing riskj. while rpeFeting th e d.emând. Réikrdkd crops ...... are also taken into account in view of their i'mppriàq. ç. e i. n the jrödu. ctiop systeni. Thé . . . introduction of teams (oxen) will, on one hënd, . mj'k'v it poskibld to reduce the j; h'ys jj,c agj effoft required of the farm er to till the land. gnd, oq (h' )) other hg'htld, to prepare the seed beds in a . shorter time. This offers the opp. ofttm tty tbf p. la. ll.g z, . gt. wp . crbp/ each y,eac.or eveh thme on the same plot. The use of local organic fettilizersthwill fnake it possible to. incmqse soil fertility at least cost. The crops chosen: m gizq. whças and millet are crops that a're traditionally cultivated. The varieties reèom men4. :'d. âdapt well to the ,region s -#.e.do- climatic conditions. The improvement of. tlv 'ltliâd. titlj,o' L*f%'l a.l sioragçïfechniques o? agricultufal products makes it possible to reduce the losses oceak'ionally iùcurred due to the action of different parasites. 6. 1.4 W ith regard to rural activities? , the. plmject does not change the existing systems. 1.t makes improvements in the czttle prod uè tio. n area;s (cattle of tke Kouri racé, ani ma 1 health) ,the availability of fodder resogrces and w'ater. 6.2 Proiect Benefits 6 . 2. . 1 The expected project benefits are severé.' l apd relate to technical, ecolp. gid, al., Socio-economic and t'inancial aspects. From thç teeh. 'nl jçal viewpöins, the imptovemeni in the . , ...... t . ' . f traditional operation of polders will m ake itpqndiblk. iij cqntrol th. e jubm ersibn and to solve ' . ' .n : . ' ' ' ' ' w il. l for good the problem of soil salinization. Frdp t. hk. vcolokica'l yiewpoint, the projeqt, ble the sustainab'le management of landeà prope': k4.i h-e .. . l ena ,kes and 'Fktér resources. 'ffie jroject .. . ) . krt v z:t ?kàjj .' '& u ' 27 will strengthen the technical knowledge of the target agepts and populations in the field of development and farming teclmiques. On the institutional front, the project will, through the adoption of a participatory approach, enable the initiation of the population to joint management techniques based on a progrnmme contract for which they are pm ially responsible. Thus, the project will have an educational and incentive value as well as giving a sense of responsibility. 6.2.2 On the socio-economic plane, major benefits that will be visible in the short and medium-term are: (i) the stabilization of the riverside residents and the reduction of poverty in the project area through: the valorization and increase of agricultural and livestock productions; access to credit, improvement in fanning methods, processing of products', (ii) improvement in the health status and the level of education of the population (potable water, primary health care and schoolingl; (iii) appreciation of women's work (processing of productsl; (iv) improvement in the general living conditions at the village level. 6.3 Financial and Econom ic Justifications 6.3. 1 From the tinancial viewpoint, the project impact on the farmers has been analyzed through its standard operating budget whose characteristics are the following: the developm ent of an area of 1.5 ha of land in the insular area and 1.75 ha in the polders area with the cultivation of millet, m aize and wheat. The operating budget generates a gross revenue of CFAF 117,000 and 382,000 (at current 1998 prices) for the insular and the polder zones respectively, which represents an increase in farmers' income by nearly 60 to 115% in comparison to the çtwithout project'' scenario. These results will enable the benetk iary farmers to substantially improve their purchasing power and, as a result, their standard of living. Thus, the project will contribute to the reduction of poverty of the targeted population in the project area. The additional expected production stands at 2800 tons of m illet, 17,500 tons of m aize and 10,500 tons of wheat. 6.3.2 From the economic viewpoint, the project is viable first from the fact that it hnproves the working and living conditions of the people in the project area by providing them with socio-economic infrastructures that are vital to their development. It is im portant to point out that this project is located in the area where the Bank has already financed other types of irrigation schemes, namely: (i) the programme for the rehabilitation of .the development of the Lake Region including the areas of Guini (350 ha) and Berin (800 ha) afld (ii) M amdi polder development project (1800 ha). The first prograrnme is already completed, while the second is under implementation. The activities of the present project will help to consolidate other developm ent operations financed by the Bank in the region. 6.3.3 The execution of infrastrucmre works by contract (dykes, wqlls, feeder roads, etc. .) will create temporary jobs for farmers and for other trade associations, thus providing additional income to the latter. Public awareness campaigns, training and support to village cornmunities envisaged under the project will be a considerable benefit to farmers in that they will becom e conscious of the importance of the facilities made available for their socio-econom ic developm ent. The farmers will thus be trained and sensitized to the need to maintain the stnlctures in order to ensure the sustainability of the project. ' ' ' . : , .' .. .u . . : . tq r .. , .: . : ' . . . . 6k 3.4 The economic analysjs is based. ! . *. 1î .dt. ike# (sxwit'k, f#. 'tojprol.n ecb. ? sceqarj/ t:aé..d . t.h . e xxwith' .p. rol, ec. t>> scenârio . The follopj.ng . x.s.!u., .1 ,j'.4 Ijtipg n., s; g#x' r.,21;.e, j 'ruet'à .i.,h'..ed' j'! (i)y . a; 25 .ytèâ:li-à, tp. r, fyket . i . ) .:c .-ïLn . qpal .. . 5!ru. : . . . j * . .)J .., ). ' g ; tr :z , . . lî'fe;' (i.i) inv estment co, sts representlp g 80 % cffrthù'jkf.i h' à,Rc! fa. )l c.oqtsv .(',iiil' : 'lkéb.lilùkr Up' p-pj r,qtuuynity ; '- -' ' : . ' 'lb r. . . ; Jmk ' z. . ' .' . . . tl ' ' .k ' :' h. % * ' ' '1 .' . C ' * . . ; v. ( t q , : . . , ' COSt equiva! en. t to 50 fo Of the ti. hanc.lal cOà'.t., .a. 'n';d ,.?j.( % ; . . lvjylytyi k,J;ë ),y j.9yRj, ORX.C. , P.. rkeysf ,0f. p rëdtïet's .ba. soed? on the Wor ld Bank prol. ections. Based ön, .thes, e . . y , o . y : . . j . y a oy. yt. jyyayj â.j.su. 'n4 pi tmhsa th. e econem. c ra ,, , . .:. . . (E ) stood. at 16 .5: 7 'V o . Sensitivitv.- tes'?t s *v' ' iè' ld. . . fk' e fo. llowing .rçsukl1ts: a t0 %, 'rkvmnu'e . . . : . 1. J '. reduction translates into an E of 14 .48,/:0 w , . . , . . ., . tjile, ,' 4r .;,1.0 :/. r. , . iqcreasez in .é 'i: nv. es. t. jm ; 't ç. pt's or a 1. i .v0. 'f. o increase in costs result in an E of 15.,0 3- % a.d. 16 , 1.,B %o 're.qpkçtwely . T hygè results ljhow. : . ' ? : 1 ' '!' 5 ' ' . ' . that the prolect is relatively sensitive to appl.ied 'ptites,a..whjph ip. . the hyp othesis of a. 10 % ' . revenue reduction leads to an E variation. of .appr. ox'il ately 13. .0.% . ' : CONCLUSIONS AND RECOVVEXDV IONS Conclusions The Prefecmre du lac Rural ' D evdlvppment project will operafe i.n gn area where the natural conditions are conducive to thç. tytp. e ) of crbp: s/p i*p. (j's 'e'd. It is iri 'lipç with Governm. ent policy. lts '1 mp l emçnt ation will ilttroduf' è, sustaipghlkaj. 'ficulmm.adapted. '.to .the natura: 1 and econom ic environ. m. eht of 'the area. . Th. ' : im.! ? p rbvements proppsed. for . . (' ' ' agriculturgl. , livest.o ck, health and educatiop and. .dtaim/ :.e activitjls W'ill leati .1p t'ncrdas#d . . 2, .k :. k (t . t; . . . , . tltnutvd, P roduction and income, the creation of fàr.ming :J. pb,s fes. at nearly 5 million o,f. working .days) and improvement of li. virfch''d. . .çot' ldi.tstlik. s; ;', In: this way' , the 'p'- rojékt will $ : '# . . . : . contribute to strengthening food secur' ity andti #1 0vèt* $..'#. '' 118' , ductiqn. Th e prpject is cî vnsidefçdl to be techn. le cally feasible as well as economlcally, énapciatly énd environmentélty viable. The econom ic rate of remrn stands at 16 .57 % . 7.2 Recom mendations . . . ' ' . 1 In view of the above-mentioned copsiderations, it is recom mended that a loan not exceeding UA 17.43 million fro!n ADF, rbjqurces and > grant not exceeding UA 3.08 million from TAF resources be extended to thç ke'pùblic of Chad. Thé loan will be subject to the following conditions: (a) Conditions precedent to effectivtness.gf ; the lnan acreeme ùt Vffectiveness of the loan agreement will be subject to the fulfilmentof . the follewing conditions by the Borrower: ' . i) provide the Fund with evidence of the creation of a project implementation unit within SODELAC (para 5. 1. 1)*, ii) provide the Fund with evidence of the qqtablishment of the Coo,rdina4or, llead Of the PIU )' ' , whose CV will be submitted to the Fup; foy prior approval (pûra 5 . 1 . 1),. provide the Fund with evidence of the setying up Qf the lntermipisterial Steering ...... Corftm ittee presided over by the .M,.. wjlïiltef of .Plàpnin/, and , compbsed :. .of representatives qf the M inistries of Agrlcultùye, Livestook, Environm. eht atfè. W ater, National Education, Hea1th, Social Affâirs, è. ublic wofks , Ttanspotts and Hàusing (cfr para 5.2. 1),. i W w 29 iv) prepare the terms of reference describing the responsibilities of the General Manager of SODELAC and those of the Project Coordinator, the draft of which should have prior approval of the Fund (cfr para 5.2.3); v) provide the Fund with evidence of the opening of four accounts with commercial banks; the first of whkh will receive the credit funds, the second the repayments of loans granted to groups, the third the resources allocated for the project operating costs and the fourth to receive funds for training tcfr pàra 4.4.9); vi) give an undertaking to the Fund: (a) to assign the health and teaching staff required for the smooth functioning of the infrastrucmres which will be constructed under the ?roject, and (b) to bear the operating costs of the infrastructure tcfr paras, 4.4. 14 and 5.6.2) . b) Other Conditions In addition, the Governm ent shall: i) submit to the Fund, not later than six (6) months following the signing of the loan agreement, the agreem ents concluded with specialized agencies responsible for implementing the various project components (cfr para. 5.1. 1); ii) submit to the Fund, not later than six (6) months following the signing of the loan agreement, the programme of actions on the environmental monitoring of project activities (cfr para. 4.4.14)., iii) communicate to the Fund, not later than tlzree (3) months following the construction of health and school centers, the letters of understanding relating to the management of the facilities concluded between the M inistry concerned and the village management committees (cfr para 4.4.13)', iv) assign, not later than three (3) months following the construction of schools and health centers, the staff required to ensure the smooth nlnning of the project facilities (cfr para. 4.4. 14)*, . . u . 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' C) (/) < .(ou =c w(mu oR l1 < uou-. =9 su. m= .'uii . Z? (n . I 4z x(s '-. wo c . s y z j < (a a xg .1. j = .0 . X .-E 1 (j) a. < o (l) tD I1 *O-, = u F- LL I 7 toll a. I1 o $ X I c tI . .614 1I - - q) g? -m I m q*) =N -m rc .t > I .0 .c o u (u (:j . -ct) -*u I1 c- ..-a *o-' wo c m = 'c- t rQJ . c=- +(:- fo =2 .c.- u .- 1 .- o * t) q) Q) X ' h-o- s :z : F- ' N nt- c' =o n. 1 = .q I (l. * I > I (1) 1 . & I œ lI = I e I œ E 1l *œ 1:œ:::1 1 = 1 = I I l I I I I . A Annexe CONFIDENTIAL AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND ADF/BD/WP/98/170/Corr.1 15 March 1999 Prepared by: OCDC Original: French Translated by: Mrs. SAIDI Mr. M. NINTAI Probable Date of Board Presentation: FOR INFORMATION Not Applicable MEMORANDUM TO : THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FROM : Cheikh I. FALL Secretary General SUBJECT : CHAD: PROPOSAL FOR AN ADF LOAN OF UA17.30 MILLION AND A TAF GRANT OF UA3.06 MILLION TO FINANCE THE PREFECTURE DU LAC RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT* CORRIGENDUM Please note the correct titles of the translators of the above- mentioned document dated 4 January 1999. The titles should read “Mrs. SAIDI and Mr. M. NINTAI ”and not Mr. SAIDI and Mr. NINTAI as previously stated. *Questions on this document should be referred to: Mr. L. B. S. CHAKROUN Director OCDC Ext. 4008 Mrs. F. S. DIOP Division Manager OCDC.2 Ext. 4122 Mr. B. L. MUKENA Agro-Economist OCDC.2 Ext. 4318 Mr. M AYACHI Agricultural Expert OCDC.2 Ext. 5908 Mr. A. DAGAMAISSA Water/Forest Engineer OCDC.2 Ext. 4634 Mr. M. BEREKOUTOU Livestock Expert OCDC.2 Ext. 4628 SCCD: W.A.A. 6 .. j.ktj :,D.* 'u '- r' ! .&$. . . ' ' ' . ' .' .g . . .: : k.;- ,.;4g ,.y qg.sy. . !.s.q . , . . E. , : . . . , ' . F ) ? '. v..1z .* . 24 j .. 1 u . . . . .r: .' . * V. k' s. x yç . .*j î,. k* x). 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