Change in Water Quality from Source to Consumer During Urban Drinking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Change in Water Quality from Source to Consumer During Urban Drinking

Dilip Meshram, Nikunj Pathak, Satish Sawale, Viji John, Dr. G.K. Khadse, Dr. Pawan Labhasetwar Water Technology and Management Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440020 General Outline Salient Features of Water Supply Scheme for Amravati City Sampling and analysis at field Water Quality Standards Physicochemical Water quality Microbial Water Quality Risks of Contamination of Water Conclusions Acknowledgements Salient Features of Water Supply Scheme for Amravati City Location of Amravati city : 77045” E 20055” N Population of Amravati city: 0.65 million Maintenance of scheme: Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) Scheme commissioned year: 1990 Supply of treated water in 20 hours : 78 MLD Per capita supply of water (in LPCD) : 120 Continuity of water supply (in hours per day): 4-5 Number of operation zones: 16 Presently adopted approach to water supply: 24x7 Water Supply System Description Source of Amravati water supply scheme: Upper Wardha Dam Storage capacity of the Source: 614.8 mcm Water Treatment Plant Master Balancing Reservoir Elevated Service Reservoirs Sampling and analysis at field DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Key parameters Units BIS 10500-2012 Standards for Drinking(Desirable Limit) pH - 6.5 to 8.5 Total alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 200 Total hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 200 Calcium as Ca mg/L 75 Magnesium as Mg mg/L 30 Total dissolved solids mg/L 500 Chloride as Cl- mg/L 250 — Sulphate as SO4 mg/L 200 - Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 45 Fluoride as F- mg/L 1 Free residual chlorine mg/L 0.2 Water Quality based on Physicochemical Parameters Water Quality at Source and WTP 200 184 175 180 170 160 140 Reservoir 140 132 124 120 100 Inlet of 80 Treatment Plant 60 40 33.6 32 32 MBR 22 19.419.4 17.5 16 20 20 13.8 9.6 10.8 4.7 1.1 3 0.240.2 0.19 0 Total Calcium as Magnesium Total Chloride as Sulphate as Nitrate as Fluoride as Alkalinity as Ca2+ as Mg2+ Dissolved Cl- SO42- NO3- F- CaCO3 Solids Microbial water quality Bacteriological water quality in distribution system 20 0.5 18 17 0.45 0.45 0.42 16 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.37 0.37 0.35 12 0.3 0.29 TC 0.25 0.22 CFU/100mL 8 FC 0.2 Free Cl 0.15 4 4 0.1 0.1 2 2 0.05 0 0 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 Saturna Saturna Wadali Wadali Nagpuri Nagpuri Arjun Arjun Sai Nagar Sai Nagar ESR Tail end ESR Tail end Gate ESR Gate Tail Nagar Nagar ESR Tail end end ESR Tail end Bacteriological water quality at 24x7 supply zones 2 1.5 1 Free chlorine (ppm) 0.5 TC (CFU/100 mL) 0 Arjun Nagar ESR Arjun Nagar Tail end Sainagar ESR Sainagar Tail end Risks of contamination of water Conclusions No significant change in physico-chemical parameters 32% samples tested positive for bacteriological contamination Reasons for water contamination- back suction through leakages, damages, defective joints in the supply lines, unhygienic condition at consumer ends Acknowledgements CSIR-National Enviromental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI), Nagpur, India The University of Oklahoma, USA THANK YOU .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Oct Nov 2006
Dams, Rivers & People VOL 4 ISSUE 9-10 OCT-NOV 2006 Rs 15/- Lead Piece Climate Change is Here – when will we wake up? There is increasing evidence that shows that Another recent report, titled Feeling the Heat from the ? climate change is already here. It is already Christian development agency Tearfund predicts that affecting the rainfall, floods, droughts, sea- Climate change threatens supplies of water for millions levels, land erosion and so on. of people in poorer countries. By 2050, five times as much land is likely to be under "extreme" drought as The frequency of extreme weather incidents is clearly now. "It's the extremes of water which are going to increasing, the unprecedented floods in Mumbai and provide the biggest threat to the developing world from Gujarat in 2005 and 2006, the unprecedented floods in climate change… droughts will tend to be longer, and Barmer this year the unusual rainfall deficit in Bihar and that's very bad news. Extreme droughts currently cover Assam this year are only a few of the recent incidents. about 2% of the world's land area, and that is going to 2005 has already been declared the warmest year in spread to about 10% by 2050." it said. The positive side recent times. of the Tearfund report is that simple measures to A recent study at the School of Oceanographic Studies "climate-proof" water problems, both drought and flood, of Jadavpur University (The Hindustan Times 011106) have proven to be very effective in some areas. In Niger, says that 70 000 people would be affected in the eastern the charity says that building low, stone dykes across and western part of the Suderbans due to rising sea contours has helped prevent runoff and get more water levels.
[Show full text]
Pre-Feasibility Report Proposed Ajansara Barrage Project for Lift
PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT PROPOSED AJANSARA BARRAGE PROJECT M/s. Vidharbha FOR LIFT IRRIGATION CAPACITY:TOTAL 30004 CCA Irrigation Development at Village Ajansara, Taluka Hinganghat, District Wardha, Maharashtra Corporation (VIDC) STUDY PERIOD PROPOSED AJANSARA BARRAGE PROJECT FOR LIFT IRRIGATION FOR TOTAL 30004 CCA AND 24000 ICA AT VILLAGE AJANSARA, TALUKA HINGANGHAT, DISTRICT WARDHA, MS INDEX BY M/S. VIDHARBHA IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (VIDC) INDEX Sr. No. Particular Page No. 1 Executive Summary 1 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/ BACKGROUND 6 INFORMATION 2.1 Identification of project 6 2.2 Brief History of nature of the project 7 2.3 Need for the project and its importance to the country and 7 region 2.4 Benefit of Project 9 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10 3.1 Type of project including interlinked and interdependent 10 projects, if any 3.2 Regulatory Frame Work 10 3.3 Location (map showing general location, specific location, 11 and project boundary & project site layout) with coordinates 3.4 Details of alternate sites considered and the basis of 21 selecting the proposed site, particularly the environmental considerations gone into should be highlighted 3.5 Size or magnitude of operation 21 3.6 Project description with process details (a schematic 21 diagram/ flow chart showing the project layout, components of the project etc. 3.6.1 Design Feature of Head Work 21 3.6.2 Rolled Filled Earth Dam 22 3.6.3 Barrage 23 3.6.4 Design of Barrage 23 3.6.5 Foundation of Barrage 23 4 IRRIGATION PLANNING 24 4.1 Existing and Proposed Facilities in Command Area 24 4.2 Existing and Proposed Cropping Patterns 24 4.3 Soil Survey 24 4.4 Evaporation Losses 25 5 SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION 25 5.1 Topographical Survey & Investigation 25 5.2 Survey for Barrage 25 5.3 Submergence Survey 25 5.4 Canal and Command Area Survey 25 5.5 Survey for Construction Material 25 5.6 Geotechnical Investigation 26 6 PROJECT HYDROLOGY 26 6.1 General Climate and Hydrology 26 6.2 Hydrological Data 27 6.2.1 Catchment Area 27 SMS Envocare Ltd.
[Show full text]
GRMB Annual Report 2018-19 | 59
Government of India Ministry of Jal Shakti Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation Godavari River Management Board GODAVARI RIVER Origin Brahmagiri near Trimbakeshwar, Nashik Dist., Maharashtra Geographical Area 9.50 % of Total Geographical Area of India Location Latitude – 16°19’ to 22°34’ North Longitude – 73°24’ to 83° 40’ East Boundaries West: Western Ghats North: Satmala hills, Ajanta range and the Mahadeo hills East: Eastern Ghats & Bay of Bengal South: Balaghat & Mahadeo ranges, stretching from eastern flank of Western Ghats & Anantgiri and other ranges of the hills. Ridges separate the Godavari basin from Krishna basin. Catchment Area 3,12,812 Sq.km. Length of the River 1465 km States Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Puducherry (Yanam). Length in AP & TS 772 km Major Tributaries Pravara, Manjira, Manair – Right side of River Purna, Pranhita, Indravati, Sabari – Left side of River Sub- basins Twelve (G1- G12) Select Dams/ Head works Gangapur Dam, Jayakwadi Dam, Srirama Sagar, Sripada across Main Godavari Yellampally, Kaleshwaram Projects (Medigadda, Annaram & Sundilla barrages), Dummugudem Anicut, Polavaram Dam (under construction), Dowleswaram Barrage. Hydro power stations Upper Indravati 600 MW Machkund 120 MW Balimela 510 MW Upper Sileru 240 MW Lower Sileru 460 MW Upper Kolab 320 MW Pench 160 MW Ghatghar pumped storage 250 MW Polavaram (under 960 MW construction) ANNUAL REPORT 2018-19 GODAVARI RIVER MANAGEMENT BOARD 5th Floor, Jalasoudha,
[Show full text]
Study of Spider Fauna from Orange Agro Ecosystem in the Catchment
International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 2016; 3(5): 120-123 ISSN 2347-2677 IJFBS 2016; 3(5): 120-123 Study of spider fauna from orange agro ecosystem in Received: 20-07-2016 Accepted: 21-08-2016 the catchment area of upper Wardha dam, Amravati, US Deshmukh Maharashtra, India Department of Zoology Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, US Deshmukh and PW Chaudhari Amravati, Maharashtra, India PW Chaudhari Abstract Department of Zoology Spiders are important predators in terrestrial ecosystem and biological control agent against pest in agro Government Vidarbha Institute ecosystems. The present study was conducted to survey the spiders diversity in ten different Orange of Science and Humanities, farms from the catchment area of Upper Wardha dam, Amravati, Maharashtra, India. Survey was done Amravati, Maharashtra, India from June- 2011 to May-2012 during day time from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. every weekend. Total 219 individuals were collected during the survey including 49 species from 22 genus and 9 families from Orange farms. Keywords: Agro ecosystems. Orange, Spider diversity, Upper Wardha Dam Introduction India ranks sixth in the production of citrus fruit in the world and citrus fruits rank third in area and production after banana and mango in India. Oranges are the second largest citrus fruits cultivated in the country. Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan are main orange growing states. Maximum area under oranges is in Andhra Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra and Karnataka. The well marked belts of citrus cultivation in the Vidarbha region include Morshi, Warud, Chandur Bazar and Nagpur.
[Show full text]
Society for Backlog Removal V. the State of Maharashtra & Ors., 2013
Society for Backlog Removal v. The State of Maharashtra & Ors., 2013 This document is available at ielrc.org/content/e1317.pdf Note: This document is put online by the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC) for information purposes. This document is not an official version of the text and as such is only provided as a source of information for interested readers. IELRC makes no claim as to the accuracy of the text reproduced which should under no circumstances be deemed to constitute the official version of the document. International Environmental Law Research Centre [email protected] – www.ielrc.org MANU/MH/0250/2013 Equivalent Citation: 2013(4)ABR295 IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY Writ Petition No. 757 of 2011 Decided On: 02.03.2013 Appellants: Society for Backlog Removal & Development & Ors. Vs. Respondent: The State of Maharashtra & Ors. [Alongwith Writ Petition No. 758 of 2011 and Public Interest Litigation (L) Nos. 20 and 19 of 2011] Hon'ble Judges/Coram: M.S. Shah, C.J. & Anoop V. Mohta, J. Counsels: For Appellant/Petitioner/Plaintiff: Mr. S.G. Aney, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Ashutosh Dharmadhikari i/by Mr. Abhijit Rane in Writ Petition No. 757/2011, Mr. Mukul Rohatgi & Mr. Vineet Naik, Sr. Advocate i/by Kartikeya & Associates in Writ Petition No. 758/2011 and Mr. Vishwajit Sawant in PIL (L) No. 19 of 2011 For Respondents/Defendant: Mr. D.J. Khambatta, Advocate General with Mr. P.G. Lad, AGP and Ms. Nina R. Nariman for Respondent No. 1 & 3 State, Mr. S.G. Jagtap, for Respondent No. 2 in Writ Petition No.
[Show full text]
A Regional Assessment of the Potential for Co2 Storage in the Indian Subcontinent
A REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR CO2 STORAGE IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT Technical Study Report No. 2008/2 May 2008 This document has been prepared for the Executive Committee of the IEA GHG Programme. It is not a publication of the Operating Agent, International Energy Agency or its Secretariat. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA) was established in 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an international energy programme. The IEA fosters co-operation amongst its 26 member countries and the European Commission, and with the other countries, in order to increase energy security by improved efficiency of energy use, development of alternative energy sources and research, development and demonstration on matters of energy supply and use. This is achieved through a series of collaborative activities, organised under more than 40 Implementing Agreements. These agreements cover more than 200 individual items of research, development and demonstration. The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme is one of these Implementing Agreements. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CITATIONS This report was prepared as an account of the work sponsored by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, its members, the International Energy Agency, the organisations listed below, nor any employee or persons acting on behalf of any of them. In addition, none of these make any warranty, express or implied, assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product of process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights, including any parties intellectual property rights.
[Show full text]
Mechanism of Interlinking of WARDHA Rivers Using ERDAS Model
ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Website: www.ijirset.com Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017 Mechanism of Interlinking of WARDHA Rivers Using ERDAS Model Vaishnavi Vinod Borkar, Prof. Deepali Kulkarni, Prof. R. H. Jadhav M.Tech. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU), College of Engineering, Pune (COEP), India Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU), College of Engineering Pune (COEP), India Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU), College of Engineering Pune (COEP), India ABSTRACT: Water has been perceived as fundamental and vital characteristic assets for general improvement of a country. Be that as it may, the accessibility of water does not coordinate with the request in term of amount and quality in time and space. To satisfy the necessity of water for water system and water supply, humanity has been misusing the surface or subsurface assets locally since long. The orange developing zone, prominently known as "California of Maharashtra" and the Cotton developing territory , prevalently known as Manchester of India are arranged in this locale. In any case, now a days by over abuse of surface and ground water, the supposed Cotton developing zone is drawing nearer towards the leave and also because of absence of one watering to the cotton, declination in product yield which causes the enormous suicide instances of the cultivators. The shortage of water in Akola, Amravati, Washim, Buldhana, Yeotmal city in 2005 wanted to convey water from upper Wardha Project.
[Show full text]
First Name Middle Name Last Name Address Country State
Biocon Limited Amount of unclimed and unpaid Interim dividend for FY 2010-11 First Name Middle Name Last Name Address Country State District PINCode Folio Number of Amount Proposed Securities Due(in Date of Rs.) transfer to IEPF (DD- MON-YYYY) JAGDISH DAS SHAH HUF CK 19/17 CHOWK VARANASI INDIA UTTAR PRADESH VARANASI BIO040743 150.00 03-JUN-2018 RADHESHYAM JUJU 8 A RATAN MAHAL APTS GHOD DOD ROAD SURAT INDIA GUJARAT SURAT 395001 BIO054721 150.00 03-JUN-2018 DAMAYANTI BHARAT BHATIA BNP PARIBASIAS OPERATIONS AKRUTI SOFTECH PARK ROAD INDIA MAHARASHTRA MUMBAI 400093 BIO001163 150.00 03-JUN-2018 NO 21 C CROSS ROAD MIDC ANDHERI E MUMBAI JYOTI SINGHANIA CO G.SUBRAHMANYAM, HEAD CAP MAR SER IDBI BANK LTD, INDIA MAHARASHTRA MUMBAI 400093 BIO011395 150.00 03-JUN-2018 ELEMACH BLDG PLOT 82.83 ROAD 7 STREET NO 15 MIDC, ANDHERI EAST, MUMBAI GOKUL MANOJ SEKSARIA IDBI LTD HEAD CAPITAL MARKET SERVIC CPU PLOT NO82/83 INDIA MAHARASHTRA MUMBAI 400093 BIO017966 150.00 03-JUN-2018 ROAD NO 7 STREET NO 15 OPP SPECIALITY RANBAXY LABORATORI ES MIDC ANDHERI (E) MUMBAI-4000093 DILIP P SHAH IDBI BANK, C.O. G.SUBRAHMANYAM HEAD CAP MARK SERV INDIA MAHARASHTRA MUMBAI 400093 BIO022473 150.00 03-JUN-2018 PLOT 82/83 ROAD 7 STREET NO 15 MIDC, ANDHERI.EAST, MUMBAI SURAKA IDBI BANK LTD C/O G SUBRAMANYAM HEAD CAPITAL MKT SER INDIA MAHARASHTRA MUMBAI 400093 BIO043568 150.00 03-JUN-2018 C P U PLOT NO 82/83 ROAD NO 7 ST NO 15 OPP RAMBAXY LAB ANDHERI MUMBAI (E) RAMANUJ MISHRA IDBI BANK LTD C/O G SUBRAHMANYAM HEAD CAP MARK SERV INDIA MAHARASHTRA MUMBAI 400093 BIO047663 150.00 03-JUN-2018
[Show full text]
Wardha Diary: Taking the Bull by the Horn
Wardha diary: Taking the bull by the horn The seemingly placid waters in the Upper Wardha Dam betray the simmering undercurrent of an agrarian unrest. The resentment is so strong that in Gandhi’s adopted home - Wardha - farmers have decided to shed the path of non- violence. The angst literally spilled over the dam reservoir in March this year (2010) with 400 farmers deciding to take law into their own hands over their right to dam water. Taking local authorities by surprise they - mostly small and medium land holders - raided and razed to ground a pumping station being set up to supply water to the Indiabulls Thermal Power Plant at Nandagaonpeth in Amravati District. The state government has allocated 87 million cubic meter or Mm3 of water per anumn from the dam’s catchment area to the under construction 2640 Mega Watt energy station. Farmer’s are up in arms; fearing diversion from the 302 Mm3 of water exclusively reserved for irrigating 75,000 hectares of land. They are mobilizing support under the banner of 'Upper Wardha Pani Bachao Samiti'. The dam reservoir has an estimated live stock of 548 Mm3; and the Right and the Left Bank canals emanating at the dike are the only major source of irrigation in eight 'talukas' of Wardha and Amravati districts of the drought battered and water starved western Vidarbha region. “For us, it’s a question of life and death. Thousands have perished here during the last decades of agrarian distress. If the government doesn’t relent, many amongst us are prepared to commit suicide by jumping into the dam reservoir”; says Sanjay Kolhe of Naya Vathoda village.
[Show full text]
Important Dams of India
www.gradeup.co 1 www.gradeup.co Important Dams of India • Dam is a barrier constructed to store water, the resulting reservoir being used in the generation of electricity and Irrigation etc. • Dams are classified according to structure, intended purpose etc. (a) By Structure- Arch dam, Gravity dam, Embankment dams etc. (b) By Purpose- Irrigation purpose, Power generation, Multipurpose etc. Damodar Valley Corporation • Government organization which operates several power stations in the Damodar River • States- Jharkhand, West Bengal • Four Dams are constructed under this which are- (1) Panchet dam (Jharkhand) on Damodar river (2) Maithon dam (Jharkhand) on Barak river (3) Tilaiya dam (Jharkhand) on Barak river (4) Konar dam (Jharkhand) on konar river Some Facts about dams • Tallest dam in the world- Nurek dam (Tajikistan) • Longest dam in the world- Hirakund dam (Orissa) • Longest dam in India- Hirakund dam (Orissa) • Highest dam in India- Tehri dam (Uttarakhand) • Highest straight gravity Dam in India - Bhakra dam (Sutlej River, Himachal Pradesh) • First dam of India - Kallanai Dam (Grand Anicut) on river kaveri (Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu) Important Dams in India State Dam River Andhra Pradesh Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Krishna Srisailam Dam Krishna Polavaram Project Godavari Somasila Dam Penna 2 www.gradeup.co Arunachal Ranganadi Dam Ranganadi River, a tributary of the Pradesh Brahmaputra River Bihar Nagi Dam Nagi Kohira Dam Kohira Chhattisgarh Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango Hasdeo Dam Dudhawa Dam Mahanadi Gujarat Ukai Dam Tapti Kadana Dam Mahi Sardar
[Show full text]
List of Dams and Reservoirs in India 1 List of Dams and Reservoirs in India
List of dams and reservoirs in India 1 List of dams and reservoirs in India This page shows the state-wise list of dams and reservoirs in India.[1] It also includes lakes. Nearly 3200 major / medium dams and barrages are constructed in India by the year 2012.[2] This list is incomplete. Andaman and Nicobar • Dhanikhari • Kalpong Andhra Pradesh • Dowleswaram Barrage on the Godavari River in the East Godavari district Map of the major rivers, lakes and reservoirs in • Penna Reservoir on the Penna River in Nellore Dist India • Joorala Reservoir on the Krishna River in Mahbubnagar district[3] • Nagarjuna Sagar Dam on the Krishna River in the Nalgonda and Guntur district • Osman Sagar Reservoir on the Musi River in Hyderabad • Nizam Sagar Reservoir on the Manjira River in the Nizamabad district • Prakasham Barrage on the Krishna River • Sriram Sagar Reservoir on the Godavari River between Adilabad and Nizamabad districts • Srisailam Dam on the Krishna River in Kurnool district • Rajolibanda Dam • Telugu Ganga • Polavaram Project on Godavari River • Koil Sagar, a Dam in Mahbubnagar district on Godavari river • Lower Manair Reservoir on the canal of Sriram Sagar Project (SRSP) in Karimnagar district • Himayath Sagar, reservoir in Hyderabad • Dindi Reservoir • Somasila in Mahbubnagar district • Kandaleru Dam • Gandipalem Reservoir • Tatipudi Reservoir • Icchampally Project on the river Godavari and an inter state project Andhra pradesh, Maharastra, Chattisghad • Pulichintala on the river Krishna in Nalgonda district • Ellammpalli • Singur Dam
[Show full text]
Short Term Flood Forecasting Using General Recurrent Neural Network Modeling a Comparative Study
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 8– No.12, October 2010 Short Term Flood Forecasting Using General Recurrent Neural Network Modeling a Comparative Study Rahul P. Deshmukh A. A. Ghatol Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Former Vice-Chancellor Powai, Mumbai Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological India University, Lonere, Raigad, India ABSTRACT Infiltration, Surface storage, Surface detention, Channel detention, The artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to Geological characteristics of drainage basin, Meteorological various hydrologic problems recently. This research demonstrates characteristics of basin, Geographical features of basin etc. Thus it dynamic neural approach by applying general recurrent neural is very difficult to predict runoff at the dam due to the nonlinear network to rainfall-runoff modeling for the upper area of Wardha and unknown parameters. River in India. The model is developed by processing online data In this context, the power of ANNs arises from the capability for over time using dynamic modeling. Methodologies and techniques constructing complicated indicators (non-linear models). Among by applying different learning rule, activation function and input several artificial intelligence methods artificial neural networks layer structure are presented in this paper and a comparison for the (ANN) holds a vital role and even ASCE Task Committee Reports short term runoff prediction results between them is also have accepted ANNs as an efficient forecasting and modeling tool conducted. The prediction results of the general recurrent neural of complex hydrologic systems[22]. network with Momentum learning rule and Tanh activation Neural networks are widely regarded as a potentially effective function with Axon as input layer structure indicates a satisfactory approach for handling large amounts of dynamic, non-linear and performance in the three hours ahead of time prediction.
[Show full text]