The Air Force in Facts and Figures

■ 2010 USAF Almanac Structure of the Force

How the Air Force Is Organized

There is considerable variation in Most Air Force units fall under a major nizational unit. USAF groups its power how the major commands and sub- command, which has broad functional projection and support forces into 10 ordinate units of the Air Force are responsibilities. Major commands may AEF “buckets of capability” operating organized. This overview describes be divided into numbered air forces. in five pairs. both the typical organization chain The fundamental unit of the working Initially, combat air forces (CAF) and USAF’s Air and Space Expedi- Air Force is the wing. An objective deployed for a 90-day AEF rotation, tionary Force. wing contains an operations group, with mobility air forces (MAF) and The Department of Defense (DOD) which includes aircrews, intelligence low-density, high-demand (LD/HD) is a Cabinet agency headed by the units, and others; a maintenance forces operating on longer deployments Secretary of Defense. It was created group, which includes maintenance as needed. In 2004, USAF went to a in 1947 to consolidate pre-existing squadrons; a mission support group, basic 120-day rotation, while LD/HD military agencies—the War Department which includes such functions as civil forces normally deployed for 180 days. and the Navy Department. Subordinate engineers, logistics readiness, and (USAF’s LD/HD forces, including battle to DOD are the three military depart- security forces; and a medical group. management, battlefield airmen, and ments (Army, Navy, and Air Force), Most airmen are assigned to a reconnaissance assets, are in near each headed by a civilian Secretary. squadron, which may comprise sev- constant use and rotate more frequently The (JCS) eral flights. than most CAF and MAF elements.) constitute the corporate military leader- In addition to these units, there are In 2009, USAF began arraying its ship of DOD. The Chairman and vice others, including centers, field operating airmen in Tempo Bands with differ- chairman of the JCS serve full-time in agencies, and direct reporting units. ent deployment-to-dwell ratios. For their positions. The service Chiefs are instance, Tempo Band A, which serves the military heads of their respective Air and Space Expeditionary Force as the baseline group predominantly services, although JCS responsibilities To relieve chronic optempo problems for CAF forces, deploys for 120 days take precedence. stemming from back-to-back deploy- with a 1:4 ratio—four months deployed The Department of the Air Force ments and operations, the Air Force to 16 months dwell time. Tempo Bands B is headed by the Secretary of the Air developed an expeditionary concept through E operate on 180-day rotations, Force, who is supported by a staff initially called the Expeditionary Aero- each with its own deploy-to-dwell ratio: called the Secretariat. The Chief of space Force. The term EAF has since B at 1:4, C at 1:3, D at 1:2, and E at 1:1. Staff, USAF, heads the Air Staff, and the been supplanted by the term Air and Thus, an airman in Band C, for instance, military heads of the major commands Space Expeditionary Force (AEF). The would have a six-month deployment fol- report to the Chief of Staff. term AEF also refers to a basic orga- lowed by 18 months dwell time. n

Current Air Force Leaders Date in Position

Secretary of the Air Force Michael B. Donley Oct. 17, 2008 Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Norton A. Schwartz Aug. 12, 2008 Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force CMSAF James A. Roy June 30, 2009

36 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 The Nation’s Air Arm and Its Early Leaders

Designation Commander (at highest rank) Dates of Service

Aeronautical Division, US Signal Corps Chief, Aeronautical Division Aug. 1, 1907-July 18, 1914 Capt. Charles deForest Chandler Aug. 1, 1907-June 30, 1910 Capt. Arthur S. Cowan July 1, 1910-June 19, 1911 Capt. Charles deForest Chandler June 20, 1911-Sept. 9, 1913 Maj. Samuel Reber Sept. 10, 1913-July 17, 1914

Aviation Section, US Signal Corps Chief, Aviation Section July 18, 1914-May 20, 1918 Lt. Col. Samuel Reber July 18, 1914-May 5, 1916 Lt. Col. George O. Squier May 20, 1916-Feb. 19, 1917 Lt. Col. John B. Bennet Feb. 19, 1917-June 30, 1917 Maj. Benjamin D. Foulois June 30, 1917-Nov. 12, 1917 Brig. Gen. Arthur I. Dade Nov. 12, 1917-Feb. 27, 1918 Col. Lawrence Brown Feb. 27, 1918-May 20, 1918 Division of Military Aeronautics, Secre- tary of War May 20, 1918-May 24, 1918 Director of Military Aeronautics May 20, 1918-August 1918 Maj. Gen. William L. Kenly (Kept same title three months into absorption by Air Service)

Army Air Service May 24, 1918-July 2, 1926 Director of Air Service Aug. 28, 1918-Nov. 27, 1918 John D. Ryan Jan. 2, 1919-June 4, 1920 Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher Chief of Air Service June 4, 1920-Oct. 4, 1921 Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher Oct. 5, 1921-July 2, 1926 Maj. Gen. Mason M. Patrick

Army Air Corps July 2, 1926-Sept. 18, 1947a Chief of Air Corps July 2, 1926-Dec. 13, 1927 Maj. Gen. Mason M. Patrick Dec. 14, 1927-Dec. 19, 1931 Maj. Gen. James E. Fechet Dec. 20, 1931-Dec. 21, 1935 Maj. Gen. Benjamin D. Foulois Dec. 22, 1935-Sept. 21, 1938 Maj. Gen. Oscar Westover Sept. 29, 1938-June 20, 1941 Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold

Army Air Forces June 20, 1941-Sept. 18, 1947 Chief, Army Air Forces June 20, 1941-March 9, 1942 Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold Commanding General, AAF March 9, 1942-Feb. 9, 1946 Gen. of the Army Henry H. Arnold Feb. 9, 1946-Sept. 26, 1947 Gen. Carl A. Spaatz Air Force Sept. 18, 1947

The title General of the Army for Henry H. Arnold was changed to General of the Air Force by an act of Congress May 7, 1949. The position of Chief of Staff was established by a DOD-approved Army-Air Force Transfer Order issued Sept. 28, 1947. aThe Army Air Corps became a subordinate element of the Army Air Forces June 20, 1941. Since the Army Air Corps had been established by statute in 1926, its disestablish­ment required an act of Congress, which did not take place until 1947. Between March 9, 1942, and Sept. 18, 1947, the Army Air Corps continued to exist as a combatant arm, and personnel of the Army Air Forces were still assigned to the Army Air Corps.

AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 37 USAF Leaders Through the Years

Secretaries of the Air Force USAF Vice Chiefs of Staff Stuart Symington Sept. 18, 1947 April 24, 1950 Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg Oct. 10, 1947 April 28, 1948 Thomas K. Finletter April 24, 1950 Jan. 20, 1953 Gen. Muir S. Fairchild May 27, 1948 March 17, 1950 Harold E. Talbott Feb. 4, 1953 Aug. 13, 1955 Lt. Gen. Lauris Norstad (acting) May 22, 1950 Oct. 9, 1950 Donald A. Quarles Aug. 15, 1955 April 30, 1957 Gen. Nathan F. Twining Oct. 10, 1950 June 29, 1953 James H. Douglas Jr. May 1, 1957 Dec. 10, 1959 Gen. Thomas D. White June 30, 1953 June 30, 1957 Dudley C. Sharp Dec. 11, 1959 Jan. 20, 1961 Gen. Curtis E. LeMay July 1, 1957 June 30, 1961 Eugene M. Zuckert Jan. 24, 1961 Sept. 30, 1965 Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr. July 1, 1961 June 30, 1962 Harold Brown Oct. 1, 1965 Feb. 15, 1969 Gen. Willliam F. McKee July 1, 1962 July 31, 1964 Robert C. Seamans Jr. Feb. 15, 1969 May 14, 1973 Gen. John P. McConnell Aug. 1, 1964 Jan. 31, 1965 John L. McLucas (acting) May 15, 1973 July 18, 1973 Gen. William H. Blanchard Feb. 19, 1965 May 31, 1966 John L. McLucas July 18, 1973 Nov. 23, 1975 Lt. Gen. Hewitt T. Wheless (acting) June 13, 1966 July 31, 1966 James W. Plummer (acting) Nov. 24, 1975 Jan. 1, 1976 Gen. Bruce K. Holloway Aug. 1, 1966 July 31, 1968 Thomas C. Reed Jan. 2, 1976 April 6, 1977 Gen. John D. Ryan Aug. 1, 1968 July 31, 1969 John C. Stetson April 6, 1977 May 18, 1979 Gen. John C. Meyer Aug. 1, 1969 April 30, 1972 Hans Mark (acting) May 18, 1979 July 26, 1979 Gen. Horace M. Wade May 1, 1972 Oct. 31, 1973 Hans Mark July 26, 1979 Feb. 9, 1981 Gen. Richard H. Ellis Nov. 1, 1973 Aug. 18, 1975 Verne Orr Feb. 9, 1981 Nov. 30, 1985 Gen. William V. McBride Sept. 1, 1975 March 31, 1978 Russell A. Rourke Dec. 9, 1985 April 7, 1986 Gen. Lew Allen Jr. April 1, 1978 June 30, 1978 Edward C. Aldridge Jr. (acting) April 8, 1986 June 8, 1986 Gen. James A. Hill July 1, 1978 Feb. 29, 1980 Edward C. Aldridge Jr. June 9, 1986 Dec. 16, 1988 Gen. Robert C. Mathis March 1, 1980 May 31, 1982 James F. McGovern (acting) Dec. 16, 1988 April 29, 1989 Gen. Jerome F. O’Malley June 1, 1982 Oct. 5, 1983 John J. Welch Jr. (acting) April 29, 1989 May 21, 1989 Gen. Lawrence A. Skantze Oct. 6, 1983 July 31, 1984 Donald B. Rice May 22, 1989 Jan. 20, 1993 Gen. Larry D. Welch Aug. 1, 1984 July 31, 1985 Michael B. Donley (acting) Jan. 20, 1993 July 13, 1993 Gen. John L. Piotrowski Aug. 1, 1985 Jan. 31, 1987 Gen. Merrill A. McPeak (acting) July 14, 1993 Aug. 5, 1993 Gen. Monroe W. Hatch Jr. Feb. 1, 1987 May 24, 1990 Sheila E. Widnall Aug. 6, 1993 Oct. 31, 1997 Gen. John Michael Loh May 25, 1990 March 25, 1991 F. Whitten Peters (acting) Nov. 1, 1997 July 30, 1999 Gen. Michael P. C. Carns May 16, 1991 July 28, 1994 F. Whitten Peters July 30, 1999 Jan. 20, 2001 Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr. July 29, 1994 July 11, 1997 Lawrence J. Delaney (acting) Jan. 20, 2001 June 1, 2001 Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart July 11, 1997 May 26, 1999 James G. Roche June 1, 2001 Jan. 20, 2005 Gen. Lester L. Lyles May 27, 1999 April 17, 2000 Peter B. Teets (acting) Jan. 20, 2005 March 25, 2005 Gen. John W. Handy April 17, 2000 Nov. 5, 2001 Michael L. Dominguez (acting) March 25, 2005 July 29, 2005 Gen. Robert H. Foglesong Nov. 5, 2001 Aug. 11, 2003 Preston M. Geren (acting) July 29, 2005 Nov. 3, 2005 Gen. T. Michael Moseley Aug. 12, 2003 Sept. 2, 2005 Michael W. Wynne Nov. 3, 2005 June 20, 2008 Gen. John D. W. Corley Sept. 2, 2005 Sept. 17, 2007 Michael B. Donley (acting) June 21, 2008 Oct. 17, 2008 Gen. Duncan J. McNabb Sept. 17, 2007 Sept. 4, 2008 Michael B. Donley Oct. 17, 2008 Gen. William M. Fraser III Oct. 8, 2008 Aug. 27, 2009 Gen. Carrol H. Chandler Aug. 27, 2009

USAF Chiefs of Staff Chief Master Sergeants of the Air Force

Gen. Carl A. Spaatz Sept. 26, 1947 April 29, 1948 CMSAF Paul W. Airey April 3, 1967 July 31, 1969 Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg April 30, 1948 June 29, 1953 CMSAF Donald L. Harlow Aug. 1, 1969 Sept. 30, 1971 Gen. Nathan F. Twining June 30, 1953 June 30, 1957 CMSAF Richard D. Kisling Oct. 1, 1971 Sept. 30, 1973 Gen. Thomas D. White July 1, 1957 June 30, 1961 CMSAF Thomas N. Barnes Oct. 1, 1973 July 31, 1977 Gen. Curtis E. LeMay June 30, 1961 Jan. 31, 1965 CMSAF Robert D. Gaylor Aug. 1, 1977 July 31, 1979 Gen. John P. McConnell Feb. 1, 1965 July 31, 1969 CMSAF James M. McCoy Aug. 1, 1979 July 31, 1981 Gen. John D. Ryan Aug. 1, 1969 July 31, 1973 CMSAF Arthur L. Andrews Aug. 1, 1981 July 31, 1983 Gen. George S. Brown Aug. 1, 1973 June 30, 1974 CMSAF Sam E. Parish Aug. 1, 1983 June 30, 1986 Gen. David C. Jones July 1, 1974 June 20, 1978 CMSAF James C. Binnicker July 1, 1986 July 31, 1990 Gen. Lew Allen Jr. July 1, 1978 June 30, 1982 CMSAF Gary R. Pfingston Aug. 1, 1990 Oct. 25, 1994 Gen. Charles A. Gabriel July 1, 1982 June 30, 1986 CMSAF David J. Campanale Oct. 26, 1994 Nov. 4, 1996 Gen. Larry D. Welch July 1, 1986 June 30, 1990 CMSAF Eric W. Benken Nov. 5, 1996 July 30, 1999 Gen. Michael J. Dugan July 1, 1990 Sept. 17, 1990 CMSAF Frederick J. Finch July 30, 1999 July 1, 2002 Gen. John Michael Loh (acting) Sept. 18, 1990 Oct. 29, 1990 CMSAF Gerald R. Murray July 1, 2002 June 30, 2006 Gen. Merrill A. McPeak Oct. 30, 1990 Oct. 25, 1994 CMSAF Rodney J. McKinley June 30, 2006 June 30, 2009 Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman Oct. 26, 1994 Sept. 1, 1997 CMSAF James A. Roy June 30, 2009 Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart (acting) Sept. 2, 1997 Oct. 5, 1997 Gen. Michael E. Ryan Oct. 6, 1997 Sept. 6, 2001 Gen. John P. Jumper Sept. 6, 2001 Sept. 2, 2005 Gen. T. Michael Moseley Sept. 2, 2005 July 12, 2008 Gen. Duncan J. McNabb (acting) July 12, 2008 Aug. 12, 2008 Gen. Norton A. Schwartz Aug. 12, 2008

38 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Air Force Communications Command

Gen. John Michael Loh June 1, 1992 June 22, 1995 Gen. Joseph W. Ralston June 23, 1995 Feb. 27, 1996 Maj. Gen. Harold W. Grant July 1, 1961 Feb. 15, 1962 Lt. Gen. Brett M. Dula (acting) Feb. 28, 1996 April 4, 1996 Maj. Gen. Kenneth P. Bergquist Feb. 16, 1962 June 30, 1965 Gen. Richard E. Hawley April 5, 1996 June 11, 1999 Maj. Gen. J. Francis Taylor (acting) July 1, 1965 Oct. 18, 1965 Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart June 11, 1999 Feb. 8, 2000 Maj. Gen. Richard P. Klocko Oct. 19, 1965 July 2, 1967 Gen. John P. Jumper Feb. 8, 2000 Sept. 6, 2001 Maj. Gen. Robert W. Paulson July 15, 1967 Aug. 1, 1969 Lt. Gen. Donald G. Cook (acting) Sept. 6, 2001 Nov. 14, 2001 Maj. Gen. Paul R. Stoney Aug. 1, 1969 Oct. 31, 1973 Gen. Hal M. Hornburg Nov. 14, 2001 Nov. 17, 2004 Maj. Gen. Donald L. Werbeck Nov. 1, 1973 Aug. 24, 1975 Lt. Gen. Bruce A. Wright (acting) Nov. 17, 2004 Feb. 6, 2005 Maj. Gen. Rupert H. Burris Aug. 25, 1975 Oct. 31, 1977 Lt. Gen. William M. Fraser III (acting) Feb. 6, 2005 May 26, 2005 Maj. Gen. Robert E. Sadler Nov. 1, 1977 June 21, 1979 Gen. Ronald E. Keys May 26, 2005 Oct. 2, 2007 Maj. Gen. Robert T. Herres June 22, 1979 July 27, 1981 Gen. John D. W. Corley Oct. 2, 2007 Sept. 10, 2009 Maj. Gen. Robert F. McCarthy July 27, 1981 June 1, 1984 Gen. William M. Fraser III Sept. 10, 2009 Maj. Gen. Gerald L. Prather June 1, 1984 Aug. 28, 1986 Maj. Gen. John T. Stihl Aug. 28, 1986 March 29, 1988 Maj. Gen. James S. Cassity Jr. March 29, 1988 May 16, 1989 Maj. Gen. Robert H. Ludwig May 16, 1989 Nov. 9, 1990 Maj. Gen. John S. Fairfield Nov. 9, 1990 July 1, 1991 Air (Aerospace) Defense Command Formerly Air Force Communications Service. Redesignated Air Force Commu- nications Command Nov. 15, 1979. Redesignated Air Force Command, Control, Lt. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer March 27, 1946 Nov. 30, 1948 Communications, and Computer Agency, a FOA, July 1, 1991. Maj. Gen. Gordon P. Saville Dec. 1, 1948 Sept. 1, 1949 Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead Jan. 1, 1951 Aug. 24, 1951 Gen. Benjamin W. Chidlaw Aug. 25, 1951 May 31, 1955 Air Force Global Strike Command Maj. Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr. (acting) June 1, 1955 July 19, 1955 Lt. Gen. Frank G. Klotz Aug. 7, 2010 Gen. Earle E. Partridge July 20, 1955 Sept. 16, 1956 Lt. Gen. Joseph H. Atkinson Sept. 17, 1956 Feb. 28, 1961 Lt. Gen. Robert M. Lee March 1, 1961 July 5, 1963 Maj. Gen. Robert H. Terrill (acting) July 6, 1963 July 31, 1963 Formerly . Lt. Gen. Herbert B. Thatcher Aug. 1, 1963 July 31, 1967 Lt. Gen. Arthur C. Agan Jr. Aug. 1, 1967 Feb. 28, 1970 Air Force Intelligence Command Lt. Gen. Thomas K. McGehee March 1, 1970 June 30, 1973 Gen. Seth J. McKee July 1, 1973 Sept. 30, 1973 Gen. Lucius D. Clay Jr. Oct. 1, 1973 Aug. 31, 1975 Maj. Gen. Gary W. O’Shaughnessy Oct. 1, 1991 June 1, 1993 Gen. Daniel James Jr. Sept. 1, 1975 Dec. 6, 1977 Maj. Gen. Kenneth A. Minihan June 2, 1993 Oct. 1, 1993 Gen. James E. Hill Dec. 6, 1977 Dec. 31, 1979 Gen. James V. Hartinger Jan. 1, 1980 March 31, 1980 See Electronic Security Command.

Established March 21, 1946. Reassigned to (1948). Discontinued July 1, 1950. Re-established as a major command and organized Air Force Logistics Command Jan. 1, 1951. Redesignated Aerospace Defense Command Jan. 15, 1968. In- activated March 31, 1980. Lt. Gen. Nathan F. Twining March 9, 1946 Oct. 13, 1947 Gen. Joseph T. McNarney Oct. 14, 1947 Aug. 31, 1949 Lt. Gen. Benjamin W. Chidlaw Sept. 1, 1949 Aug. 20, 1951 Gen. Edwin W. Rawlings Aug. 21, 1951 Feb. 28, 1959 Air Education and Training Command Lt. Gen. William F. McKee (acting) March 1, 1959 March 14, 1959 Gen. Samuel E. Anderson March 15, 1959 July 31, 1961 Gen. William F. McKee Aug. 1, 1961 June 30, 1962 Lt. Gen. John K. Cannon April 13, 1946 Oct. 13, 1948 Gen. Mark E. Bradley Jr. July 1, 1962 July 31, 1965 Lt. Gen. Robert W. Harper Oct. 14, 1948 June 30, 1954 Gen. Kenneth B. Hobson Aug. 1, 1965 July 31, 1967 Maj. Gen. Glenn O. Barcus (acting) July 1, 1954 July 25, 1954 Gen. Thomas P. Gerrity Aug. 1, 1967 Feb. 24, 1968 Lt. Gen. Charles T. Myers July 26, 1954 July 31, 1958 Lt. Gen. Lewis L. Mundell (acting) Feb. 24, 1968 March 28, 1968 Lt. Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr. Aug. 1, 1958 July 31, 1959 Gen. Jack G. Merrell March 29, 1968 Sept. 11, 1972 Lt. Gen. James E. Briggs Aug. 1, 1959 July 31, 1963 Gen. Jack J. Catton Sept. 12, 1972 Aug. 31, 1974 Lt. Gen. Robert W. Burns Aug. 1, 1963 Aug. 10, 1964 Gen. William V. McBride Sept. 1, 1974 Aug. 31, 1975 Lt. Gen. William W. Momyer Aug. 11, 1964 June 30, 1966 Gen. F. Michael Rogers Sept. 1, 1975 Jan. 31, 1978 Lt. Gen. Sam Maddux Jr. July 1, 1966 Aug. 30, 1970 Gen. Bryce Poe II Feb. 1, 1978 July 31, 1981 Lt. Gen. George B. Simler Sept. 1, 1970 Sept. 9, 1972 Gen. James P. Mullins Aug. 1, 1981 Nov. 1, 1984 Lt. Gen. William V. McBride Sept. 9, 1972 Aug. 31, 1974 Gen. Earl T. O’Loughlin Nov. 1, 1984 July 31, 1987 Lt. Gen. George H. McKee Sept. 1, 1974 Aug. 28, 1975 Gen. Alfred G. Hansen July 31, 1987 Oct. 31, 1989 Gen. John W. Roberts Aug. 29, 1975 April 1, 1979 Gen. Charles C. McDonald Oct. 31, 1989 July 1, 1992 Gen. Bennie L. Davis April 1, 1979 July 28, 1981 Gen. Thomas M. Ryan Jr. July 29, 1981 June 22, 1983 Gen. Andrew P. Iosue June 23, 1983 Aug. 27, 1986 Organized as AAF Materiel and Services July 17, 1944. Redesignated AAF Lt. Gen. John A. Shaud Aug. 28, 1986 June 5, 1988 Technical Service Command Aug. 31, 1944. Redesignated Air Technical Ser- vice Command July 1, 1945. Redesignated March 9, Lt. Gen. Robert C. Oaks June 6, 1988 June 24, 1990 1946. Redesignated Air Force Logistics Command April 1, 1961. Inactivated Lt. Gen. Joseph W. Ashy June 25, 1990 Dec. 9, 1992 July 1, 1992. Gen. Henry Viccellio Jr. Dec. 10, 1992 June 19, 1995 Gen. Billy J. Boles June 20, 1995 March 17, 1997 Gen. Lloyd W. Newton March 17, 1997 June 22, 2000 Air Force Materiel Command Gen. Hal M. Hornburg June 22, 2000 Nov. 14, 2001 Lt. Gen. John D. Hopper Jr. (acting) Nov. 14, 2001 Dec. 17, 2001 Gen. Ronald W. Yates July 1, 1992 June 30, 1995 Gen. Donald G. Cook Dec. 17, 2001 June 17, 2005 Gen. Henry Viccellio Jr. June 30, 1995 May 9, 1997 Gen. William R. Looney III June 17, 2005 July 2, 2008 Lt. Gen. Kenneth E. Eickmann (acting) May 9, 1997 May 29, 1997 Gen. Stephen R. Lorenz July 2, 2008 Gen. George T. Babbitt Jr. May 29, 1997 April 20, 2000 Gen. Lester L. Lyles April 20, 2000 Aug. 22, 2003 Established as Army Air Corps Flying Training Command Jan. 23, 1942. Redesignated AAF Flying Training Command March 1942, then AAF Training Gen. Gregory S. Martin Aug. 22, 2003 Aug. 19, 2005 Command July 31, 1943. Redesignated ATC July 1, 1946. Redesignated AETC Gen. Bruce Carlson Aug. 19, 2005 Nov. 21, 2008 July 1, 1993. Gen. Donald J. Hoffman Nov. 21, 2008

40 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Air Force Reserve Command

Gen. Hansford T. Johnson June 1, 1992 Aug. 22, 1992 Maj. Gen. Rollin B. Moore Jr. Aug. 1, 1968 Jan. 26, 1972 Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman Aug. 23, 1992 Oct. 17, 1994 Brig. Gen. Alfred Verhulst (acting) Jan. 27, 1972 March 15, 1972 Gen. Robert L. Rutherford Oct. 18, 1994 July 15, 1996 Maj. Gen. Homer I. Lewis March 16, 1972 April 8, 1975 Gen. Walter Kross July 15, 1996 Aug. 3, 1998 Maj. Gen. William Lyon April 16, 1975 April 16, 1979 Gen. Charles T. Robertson Jr. Aug. 3, 1998 Nov. 5, 2001 Maj. Gen. Richard Bodycombe April 17, 1979 Oct. 31, 1982 Gen. John W. Handy Nov. 5, 2001 Sept. 7, 2005 Maj. Gen. Sloan R. Gill Nov. 1, 1982 Oct. 31, 1986 Lt. Gen. Christopher A. Kelly (acting) Sept. 7, 2005 Oct. 14, 2005 Maj. Gen. Roger P. Scheer Nov. 1, 1986 Oct. 31, 1990 Gen. Duncan J. McNabb Oct. 14, 2005 Sept. 7, 2007 Maj. Gen. John J. Closner III Nov. 1, 1990 Oct. 31, 1994 Gen. Arthur J. Lichte Sept. 7, 2007 Nov. 20, 2009 Maj. Gen. Robert A. McIntosh Nov. 1, 1994 June 9, 1998 Gen. Raymond E. Johns Jr. Nov. 20, 2009 Maj. Gen. David R. Smith (acting) June 9, 1998 Sept. 25, 1998 Lt. Gen. James E. Sherrard III Sept. 25, 1998 June 1, 2004 Maj. Gen. J .J. Batbie Jr. (acting) June 1, 2004 June 24, 2004 Lt. Gen. John A. Bradley June 24, 2004 June 24, 2008 Lt. Gen. Charles E. Stenner Jr. June 24, 2008 Col. William A. R. Robertson Nov. 28, 1945 October 1948 Maj. Gen. George G. Finch October 1948 Sept. 25, 1950 Formerly Air Force Reserve, AFRC became a major command Feb. 17, 1997. Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks Oct. 13, 1950 Jan. 4, 1954 Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson Jan. 26, 1954 Aug. 5, 1962 Maj. Gen. I. G. Brown Aug. 6, 1962 April 19, 1974 Maj. Gen. John J. Pesch April 20, 1974 Jan. 31, 1977 Air Force Space Command Maj. Gen. John T. Guice Feb. 1, 1977 April 1, 1981 Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway April 1, 1981 Nov. 1, 1988 Gen. James V. Hartinger Sept. 1, 1982 July 30, 1984 Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey Nov. 1, 1988 Jan. 28, 1994 Gen. Robert T. Herres July 30, 1984 Oct. 1, 1986 Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd Jan. 28, 1994 Jan. 28, 1998 Maj. Gen. Maurice C. Padden Oct. 1, 1986 Oct. 29, 1987 Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver Jr. Jan. 28, 1998 Dec. 3, 2001 Lt. Gen. Donald J. Kutyna Oct. 29, 1987 March 29, 1990 Brig. Gen. David A. Brubaker (acting) Dec. 3, 2001 June 3, 2002 Lt. Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr. March 29, 1990 March 23, 1992 Lt. Gen. Daniel James III June 3, 2002 May 20, 2006 Gen. Donald J. Kutyna March 23, 1992 June 30, 1992 Lt. Gen. Craig R. McKinley May 20, 2006 Nov. 17, 2008 Gen. Charles A. Horner June 30, 1992 Sept. 13, 1994 Maj. Gen. Emmett R. Titshaw Jr. (acting) Nov. 17, 2008 Feb. 2, 2009 Gen. Joseph W. Ashy Sept. 13, 1994 Aug. 26, 1996 Lt. Gen. Harry M. Wyatt III Feb. 2, 2009 Gen. Howell M. Estes III Aug. 26, 1996 Aug. 14, 1998 Gen. Richard B. Myers Aug. 14, 1998 Feb. 22, 2000 Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart Feb. 22, 2000 April 19, 2002 Air Proving Ground Command Gen. Lance W. Lord April 19, 2002 April 1, 2006 Lt. Gen. Frank G. Klotz (acting) April 1, 2006 June 26, 2006 Maj. Gen. Carl A. Brandt October 1946 August 1948 Gen. Kevin P. Chilton June 26, 2006 Oct. 3, 2007 Maj. Gen. William E. Kepner August 1948 June 1950 Lt. Gen. Michael A. Hamel (acting) Oct. 3, 2007 Oct. 12, 2007 Maj. Gen. Bryant L. Boatner July 1950 July 1952 Gen. C. Robert Kehler Oct. 12, 2007 Maj. Gen. Patrick W. Timberlake July 1952 April 1955 Maj. Gen. Robert W. Burns August 1955 July 1957

Air Force Special Operations Command Designated a center December 1957.

Maj. Gen. Thomas E. Eggers May 22, 1990 June 30, 1991 Maj. Gen. Bruce L. Fister June 30, 1991 July 22, 1994 Maj. Gen. James L. Hobson Jr. July 22, 1994 July 9, 1997 Air University Maj. Gen. Charles R. Holland July 9, 1997 Aug. 5, 1999 Lt. Gen. Maxwell C. Bailey Aug. 5, 1999 Jan. 16, 2002 Maj. Gen. Muir S. Fairchild March 15, 1946 May 17, 1948 Lt. Gen. Paul V. Hester Jan. 16, 2002 July 1, 2004 Maj. Gen. Robert W. Harper May 17, 1948 Oct. 15, 1948 Lt. Gen. Michael W. Wooley July 1, 2004 Nov. 27, 2007 Gen. George C. Kenney Oct. 16, 1948 July 27, 1951 Lt. Gen. Donald C. Wurster Nov. 27, 2007 Lt. Gen. Idwal H. Edwards July 28, 1951 Feb. 28, 1953 Maj. Gen. John DeF. Barker (acting) March 1, 1953 April 14, 1953 Lt. Gen. Laurence S. Kuter April 15, 1953 May 31, 1955 Air Force Systems Command Lt. Gen. Dean C. Strother June 1, 1955 June 30, 1958 Lt. Gen. Walter E. Todd July 15, 1958 July 31, 1961 Lt. Gen. Troup Miller Jr. Aug. 1, 1961 Dec. 31, 1963 Maj. Gen. David M. Schlatter Feb. 1, 1950 June 24, 1951 Lt. Gen. Ralph P. Swofford Jr. Jan. 1, 1964 July 31, 1965 Lt. Gen. Earle E. Partridge June 24, 1951 June 20, 1953 Lt. Gen. John W. Carpenter III Aug. 1, 1965 July 31, 1968 Lt. Gen. Donald L. Putt June 30, 1953 April 14, 1954 Lt. Gen. Albert P. Clark Aug. 1, 1968 July 31, 1970 Lt. Gen. Thomas S. Power April 15, 1954 June 30, 1957 Lt. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem II Aug. 1, 1970 Oct. 31, 1973 Maj. Gen. John W. Sessums (acting) July 1, 1957 July 31, 1957 Lt. Gen. F. Michael Rogers Nov. 1, 1973 Aug. 31, 1975 Lt. Gen. Samuel E. Anderson Aug. 1, 1957 March 9, 1959 Lt. Gen. Raymond B. Furlong Sept. 1, 1975 July 1, 1979 Maj. Gen. John W. Sessums (acting) March 10, 1959 April 24, 1959 Lt. Gen. Stanley M. Umstead July 1, 1979 July 24, 1981 Gen. Bernard A. Schriever April 25, 1959 Aug. 31, 1966 Lt. Gen. Charles G. Cleveland July 24, 1981 Aug. 1, 1984 Gen. James Ferguson Sept. 1, 1966 Aug. 30, 1970 Lt. Gen. Thomas C. Richards Aug. 1, 1984 Nov. 6, 1986 Gen. George S. Brown Sept. 1, 1970 July 31, 1973 Lt. Gen. Truman Spangrud Nov. 6, 1986 July 12, 1988 Gen. Samuel C. Phillips Aug. 1, 1973 Aug. 31, 1975 Lt. Gen. Ralph E. Havens July 12, 1988 Oct. 6, 1989 Gen. William J. Evans Sept. 1, 1975 July 31, 1977 Maj. Gen. David C. Reed Oct. 6, 1989 Jan. 4, 1990 Gen. Lew Allen Jr. Aug. 1, 1977 March 13, 1978 Lt. Gen. Charles G. Boyd Jan. 4, 1990 Oct. 26, 1992 Gen. Alton D. Slay March 14, 1978 Feb. 1, 1981 Lt. Gen. Jay W. Kelley Oct. 27, 1992 June 30, 1993 Gen. Robert T. Marsh Feb. 1, 1981 Aug. 1, 1984 Gen. Lawrence A. Skantze Aug. 1, 1984 July 17, 1987 Established as AAF School of Applied Tactics Oct. 16, 1943 (assumed history of Gen. Bernard P. Randolph July 17, 1987 April 1, 1990 Air Services School, dating from 1920). Redesignated AAF School June 1, 1945. Gen. Ronald W. Yates April 1, 1990 July 1, 1992 Given Majcom status Nov. 29, 1945. Redesignated AU May 12, 1946. Part of ATC between May 1978 and July 1983. Ceased to be a Majcom and was assigned to Formerly Air Research and Development Command. Redesignated Air Force AETC July 1, 1993. Systems Command April 1, 1961. Inactivated July 1, 1992.

42 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Alaskan Air Command Headquarters Command

Brig. Gen. Joseph H. Atkinson Oct. 1, 1946 Feb. 25, 1949 Brig. Gen. Burton M. Hovey Jan. 3, 1946 Dec. 13, 1948 Brig. Gen. Frank A. Armstrong Jr. Feb. 26, 1949 Dec. 27, 1950 Brig. Gen. Sydney D. Grubbs Dec. 14, 1948 Oct. 1, 1950 Maj. Gen. William D. Old Dec. 27, 1950 Oct. 14, 1952 Brig. Gen. Morris J. Lee Oct. 2, 1950 June 13, 1952 Brig. Gen. W. R. Agee Oct. 27, 1952 Feb. 26, 1953 Brig. Gen. Stoyte O. Ross June 14, 1952 July 4, 1956 Maj. Gen. George R. Acheson Feb. 26, 1953 Feb. 1, 1956 Maj. Gen. Reuben C. Hood Jr. Aug. 1, 1956 June 30, 1959 Brig. Gen. T. Alan Bennett (acting) Feb. 1, 1956 Feb. 24, 1956 Maj. Gen. Brooke E. Allen Aug. 3, 1959 Dec. 31, 1965 Lt. Gen. Joseph H. Atkinson Feb. 24, 1956 July 16, 1956 Maj. Gen. Rollen H. Anthis Jan. 10, 1966 Nov. 30, 1967 Maj. Gen. Frank A. Armstrong Jr. July 17, 1956 Oct. 23, 1956 Maj. Gen. Milton B. Adams Dec. 1, 1967 June 30, 1968 Maj. Gen. James H. Davies Oct. 24, 1956 June 27, 1957 Maj. Gen. Nils O. Ohman July 5, 1968 April 30, 1972 Lt. Gen. Frank A. Armstrong Jr. June 28, 1957 Aug. 18, 1957 Maj. Gen. John L. Locke May 1, 1972 Feb. 25, 1974 Brig. Gen. Kenneth H. Gibson Aug. 19, 1957 Aug. 13, 1958 Maj. Gen. Maurice R. Reilly Feb. 26, 1974 August 1975 Maj. Gen. C. F. Necrason Aug. 14, 1958 July 19, 1961 Maj. Gen. William C. Norris Sept. 1, 1975 June 30, 1976 Brig. Gen. Jack A. Gibbs (acting) July 20, 1961 July 25, 1961 Maj. Gen. Wendell W. Bowman July 26, 1961 Aug. 8, 1963 Established as Bolling Field Command (1946). Redesignated Headquarters Col. Alfred Walton (acting) Aug. 9, 1963 Aug. 14, 1963 Command, USAF, March 17, 1958. Inactivated in 1976. Maj. Gen. James C. Jensen Aug. 15, 1963 Nov. 14, 1966 Maj. Gen. Thomas E. Moore Nov. 15, 1966 July 24, 1969 Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Cunningham July 25, 1969 July 31, 1972 Maj. Gen. Donavon F. Smith Aug. 1, 1972 June 5, 1973 Military Airlift Command Maj. Gen. Charles W. Carson Jr. June 18, l973 March 2, 1974 Col. David T. Stockman (acting) March 3, 1974 March 18, 1974 Maj. Gen. Robert W. Harper July 1, 1947 June 1, 1948 Maj. Gen. Jack K. Gamble March 19, 1974 June 30, 1975 Lt. Gen. Laurence S. Kuter June 1, 1948 Oct. 28, 1951 Lt. Gen. James E. Hill July 1, 1975 Oct. 14, 1976 Lt. Gen. Joseph Smith Nov. 15, 1951 June 30, 1958 Lt. Gen. M. L. Boswell Oct. 15, 1976 June 30, 1978 Lt. Gen. William H. Tunner July 1, 1958 May 31, 1960 Lt. Gen. Winfield W. Scott Jr. July 1, 1978 April 1, 1981 Gen. Joe W. Kelly Jr. June 1, 1960 July 18, 1964 Lt. Gen. Lynwood E. Clark April 1, 1981 Aug. 31, 1983 Gen. Howell M. Estes Jr. July 19, 1964 July 31, 1969 Lt. Gen. Bruce K. Brown Sept. 1, 1983 Sept. 26, 1985 Gen. Jack J. Catton Aug. 1, 1969 Sept. 12, 1972 Lt. Gen. David L. Nichols Sept. 27, 1985 May 22, 1988 Lt. Gen. Jay T. Robbins (acting) Sept. 12, 1972 Sept. 25, 1972 Lt. Gen. Thomas G. McInerney May 22, 1988 Aug. 9, 1990 Gen. Paul K. Carlton Sept. 26, 1972 March 31, 1977 Gen. William G. Moore Jr. April 1, 1977 June 30, 1979 Activated as Alaskan Air Force (1942). Redesignated (1942). Gen. Robert E. Huyser July 1, 1979 June 26, 1981 Redesignated Alaskan Air Command (1945). Redesignated 11th Air Force Aug. Gen. James R. Allen June 26, 1981 June 30, 1983 9, 1990, under PACAF. Gen. Thomas M. Ryan Jr. July 1, 1983 Sept. 19, 1985 Gen. Duane H. Cassidy Sept. 20, 1985 Sept. 20, 1989 Gen. Hansford T. Johnson Sept. 20, 1989 June 1, 1992

Antecedents: AAC Ferrying Command (1941); AAF Ferrying Command (1942); Continental Air Command Air Transport Command (1942, inactivated June 1, 1948). Military Air Transport Service established June 1, 1948. Redesignated Military Airlift Command Jan. 1, 1966. In 1982, the inactivated Air Transport Command was consolidated with Lt. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer Dec. 1, 1948 April 15, 1949 MAC. Inactivated June 1, 1992. Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead April 15, 1949 Dec. 14, 1950 Maj. Gen. Willis H. Hale Dec. 14, 1950 Feb. 18, 1952 Lt. Gen. Leon W. Johnson Feb. 18, 1952 Dec. 14, 1955 Lt. Gen. Charles B. Stone III Dec. 15, 1955 June 30, 1957 Lt. Gen. William E. Hall July 1, 1957 Sept. 30, 1961 Northeast Air Command Lt. Gen. Gordon A. Blake Sept. 30, 1961 June 30, 1962 Lt. Gen. Edward J. Timberlake July 1, 1962 July 1966 Maj. Gen. Lyman P. Whitten Oct. 6, 1950 March 14, 1952 Lt. Gen. Henry Viccellio Sr. Aug. 1, 1966 Aug. 1, 1968 Maj. Gen. Charles T. Myers March 14, 1952 July 26, 1954 Lt. Gen. Glenn O. Barcus July 26, 1954 March 31, 1957 Established Dec. 1, 1948. Inactivated Aug. 1, 1968. Base Command, part of Military Air Transport Service, reorga- nized and redesignated Northeast Air Command, a new major command, Oct. 1, Electronic Security Command 1950. Inactivated March 31, 1957.

Col. Roy H. Lynn Oct. 26, 1948 July 5, 1949 Col. Travis M. Hetherington July 6, 1949 Feb. 21, 1951 Pacific Air Command/ Maj. Gen. Roy H. Lynn Feb. 22, 1951 Feb. 13, 1953 Maj. Gen. Harold H. Bassett Feb. 14, 1953 Jan. 3, 1957 Maj. Gen. Ralph H. Wooten April 1947 Aug. 31, 1948 Maj. Gen. Gordon L. Blake Jan. 4, 1957 Aug. 5, 1959 Brig. Gen. Robert F. Travis Sept. 1, 1948 June 1, 1949 Maj. Gen. John B. Ackerman Aug. 6, 1959 Sept. 20, 1959 Maj. Gen. Millard Lewis Sept. 21, 1959 Aug. 31, 1962 Formerly Seventh Air Force. Redesignated Pacific Air Command Dec. 15, 1947. Maj. Gen. Richard P. Klocko Sept. 1, 1962 Oct. 15, 1965 Discontinued June 1, 1949. Maj. Gen. Louis E. Coira Oct. 16, 1965 July 18, 1969 Maj. Gen. Carl W. Stapleton July 19, 1969 Feb. 23, 1973 Maj. Gen. Walter T. Galligan Feb. 24, 1973 May 16, 1974 Maj. Gen. Howard P. Smith May 17, 1974 July 31, 1975 Maj. Gen. Kenneth D. Burns Aug. 1, 1975 Jan. 18, 1979 Maj. Gen. Doyle E. Larson Jan. 19, 1979 July 31, 1983 Maj. Gen. John B. Marks Aug. 1, 1983 April 16, 1985 Maj. Gen. Paul H. Martin April 17, 1985 Aug. 14, 1989 Maj. Gen. Gary W. O’Shaughnessy Aug. 15, 1989 Oct. 1, 1991

Formerly USAF Security Service. Redesignated: Electronic Security Command Aug. 1, 1979; Air Force Intelligence Command Oct. 1, 1991; Air Intelligence Agency, Oct. 1, 1993.

44 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 US Air Forces in Europe

Lt. Gen. Ennis C. Whitehead Dec. 30, 1945 April 25, 1949 Brig. Gen. John F. McBlain (acting) Aug. 14, 1947 Oct. 20, 1947 Lt. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer April 26, 1949 May 20, 1951 Lt. Gen. Curtis E. LeMay Oct. 20, 1947 Oct. 15, 1948 Lt. Gen. Earle E. Partridge (acting) May 21, 1951 June 9, 1951 Lt. Gen. John K. Cannon Oct. 16, 1948 Jan. 20, 1951 Gen. Otto P. Weyland June 10, 1951 March 25, 1954 Gen. Lauris Norstad Jan. 21, 1951 July 26, 1953 Gen. Earle E. Partridge March 26, 1954 May 31, 1955 Lt. Gen. William H. Tunner July 27, 1953 June 30, 1957 Gen. Laurence S. Kuter June 1, 1955 July 31, 1959 Gen. Frank F. Everest July 1, 1957 July 31, 1959 Gen. Emmett O’Donnell Jr. Aug. 1, 1959 July 31, 1963 Gen. Frederic H. Smith Jr. Aug. 1, 1959 June 30, 1961 Gen. Jacob E. Smart Aug. 1, 1963 July 31, 1964 Gen. Truman H. Landon July 1, 1961 July 31, 1963 Gen. Hunter Harris Jr. Aug. 1, 1964 Jan. 31, 1967 Gen. Gabriel P. Disosway Aug. 1, 1963 July 31, 1965 Gen. John D. Ryan Feb. 1, 1967 July 31, 1968 Gen. Bruce K. Holloway Aug. 1, 1965 July 31, 1966 Gen. Joseph J. Nazzaro Aug. 1, 1968 July 31, 1971 Gen. Maurice A. Preston Aug. 1, 1966 July 31, 1968 Gen. Lucius D. Clay Jr. Aug. 1, 1971 Sept. 30, 1973 Gen. Horace M. Wade Aug. 1, 1968 Jan. 31, 1969 Gen. John W. Vogt Oct. 1, 1973 June 30, 1974 Gen. Joseph R. Holzapple Feb. 1, 1969 Aug. 31, 1971 Gen. Louis L. Wilson Jr. July 1, 1974 May 31, 1977 Gen. David C. Jones Sept. 1, 1971 June 30, 1974 Lt. Gen. James A. Hill June 1, 1977 June 14, 1978 Gen. John W. Vogt July 1, 1974 Aug. 31, 1975 Lt. Gen. James D. Hughes June 15, 1978 July 1, 1981 Gen. Richard H. Ellis Sept. 1, 1975 July 31, 1977 Lt. Gen. Arnold W. Braswell July 1, 1981 Sept. 30, 1983 Gen. William J. Evans Aug. 1, 1977 Aug. 1, 1978 Gen. Jerome F. O’Malley Oct. 8, 1983 Nov. 1, 1984 Gen. John W. Pauly Aug. 1, 1978 Aug. 1, 1980 Gen. Robert W. Bazley Nov. 1, 1984 Dec. 16, 1986 Gen. Charles A. Gabriel Aug. 1, 1980 June 30, 1982 Gen. Jack I. Gregory Dec. 16, 1986 July 22, 1988 Gen. Billy M. Minter July 1, 1982 Nov. 1, 1984 Gen. Merrill A. McPeak July 22, 1988 Oct. 30, 1990 Gen. Charles L. Donnelly Jr. Nov. 1, 1984 May 1, 1987 Lt. Gen. James B. Davis Nov. 5, 1990 Feb. 19, 1991 Gen. William L. Kirk May 1, 1987 April 12, 1989 Gen. Jimmie V. Adams Feb. 19, 1991 Jan. 25, 1993 Gen. Michael J. Dugan April 12, 1989 June 26, 1990 Gen. Robert L. Rutherford Jan. 26, 1993 Oct. 12, 1994 Gen. Robert C. Oaks June 26, 1990 July 29, 1994 Gen. John G. Lorber Oct. 12, 1994 July 7, 1997 Gen. James L. Jamerson July 29, 1994 July 16, 1995 Gen. Richard B. Myers July 7, 1997 July 23, 1998 Gen. Richard E. Hawley July 17, 1995 April 4, 1996 Gen. Patrick K. Gamble July 23, 1998 April 9, 2001 Gen. Michael E. Ryan April 4, 1996 Oct. 5, 1997 Lt. Gen. Lansford E. Trapp (acting) April 9, 2001 May 4, 2001 Lt. Gen. William J. Begert (acting) Oct. 6, 1997 Dec. 5, 1997 Gen. William J. Begert May 4, 2001 July 2, 2004 Gen. John P. Jumper Dec. 5, 1997 Jan. 13, 2000 Gen. Paul V. Hester July 2, 2004 Nov. 30, 2007 Gen. Gregory S. Martin Jan. 13, 2000 Aug. 12, 2003 Gen. Carrol H. Chandler Nov. 30, 2007 Aug. 19, 2009 Gen. Robert H. Foglesong Aug. 12, 2003 Dec. 6, 2005 Gen Gary L. North Aug. 19, 2009 Gen. William T. Hobbins Dec. 6, 2005 Dec. 10, 2007 Maj. Gen. Marc E. Rogers (acting) Dec. 10, 2007 Jan. 17, 2008 Activated as Far East Air Forces Aug. 3, 1944. Redesignated Pacific Air Com- Gen. Roger A. Brady Jan. 17, 2008 mand, US Army, Dec. 6, 1945. Redesignated FEAF Jan. 1, 1947. Redesignated Pacific Air Forces July 1, 1957. Activated as 8th Air Force (1942). Redesignated Sept. 18, 1942. Redesignated US Strategic Air Forces in Europe (1944). Redesignated USAFE Strategic Air Command Aug. 7, 1945. US Air Forces Southern Command/Caribbean Gen. George C. Kenney March 21, 1946 Oct. 18, 1948 Gen. Curtis E. LeMay Oct. 19, 1948 June 30, 1957 Maj. Gen. Hubert R. Harmon July 31, 1946 Oct. 3, 1947 Gen. Thomas S. Power July 1, 1957 Nov. 30, 1964 Brig. Gen. Glen C. Jamison (acting) Oct. 4, 1947 Nov. 12, 1947 Gen. John D. Ryan Dec. 1, 1964 Jan. 31, 1967 Maj. Gen. Willis H. Hale Nov. 13, 1947 Oct. 19, 1949 Gen. Joseph J. Nazzaro Feb. 1, 1967 July 28, 1968 Brig. Gen. Rosenham Beam Oct. 20, 1949 Nov. 5, 1950 Gen. Bruce K. Holloway July 29, 1968 April 30, 1972 Brig. Gen. Emil C. Kiel Nov. 6, 1950 June 10, 1953 Gen. John C. Meyer May 1, 1972 July 31, 1974 Maj. Gen. Reuben C. Hood Jr. June 11, 1953 June 16, 1956 Gen. Russell E. Dougherty Aug. 1, 1974 July 31, 1977 Maj. Gen. Truman H. Landon June 20, 1956 June 1, 1959 Gen. Richard H. Ellis Aug. 1, 1977 July 31, 1981 Maj. Gen. Leland S. Stranathan Aug. 3, 1959 Sept. 8, 1963 Gen. Bennie L. Davis Aug. 1, 1981 July 31, 1985 Maj. Gen. Robert A. Breitweiser Sept. 11, 1963 July 9, 1966 Gen. Larry D. Welch Aug. 1, 1985 June 30, 1986 Maj. Gen. Reginald J. Clizbe Aug. 6, 1966 June 14, 1968 Gen. John T. Chain July 1, 1986 Jan. 31, 1991 Maj. Gen. Kenneth O. Sanborn June 14, 1968 April 7, 1972 Gen. George L. Butler Feb. 1, 1991 June 1, 1992 Maj. Gen. Arthur G. Salisbury April 7, 1972 October 1974 Maj. Gen. James M. Breedlove October 1974 Jan. 1, 1976 Established as Continental Air Forces Dec. 13, 1944. Redesignated Strategic Air Activated as Panama Canal Air Force (1940). Redesignated Caribbean Air Force Command March 21, 1946. Inactivated June 1, 1992. Redesignated Air Force (1941). Redesignated 6th Air Force Feb. 5, 1942, then Sixth Air Force Sept. 18, Global Strike Command and reactivated Aug. 7, 2009. 1942. Redesignated Caribbean Air Command July 31, 1946. Re­desig­nated US Air Forces Southern Command July 8, 1963. Inactivated Jan. 1, 1976. Tactical Air Command USAF Academy Superintendents Lt. Gen. Elwood R. Quesada March 21, 1946 Nov. 23, 1948 Lt. Gen. Hubert R. Harmon July 27, 1954 July 27, 1956 Maj. Gen. Robert M. Lee Dec. 24, 1948 June 20, 1950 Maj. Gen. James E. Briggs July 28, 1956 Aug. 16, 1959 Maj. Gen. Glenn O. Barcus July 17, 1950 Jan. 25, 1951 Maj. Gen. William S. Stone Aug. 17, 1959 June 30, 1962 Gen. John K. Cannon Jan. 25, 1951 March 31, 1954 Maj. Gen. Robert H. Warren July 1, 1962 June 30, 1965 Gen. Otto P. Weyland April 1, 1954 July 31, 1959 Lt. Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Sr. July 1, 1965 July 31, 1970 Gen. Frank F. Everest Aug. 1, 1959 Sept. 30, 1961 Lt. Gen. Albert P. Clark Aug. 1, 1970 July 31, 1974 Gen. Walter C. Sweeney Jr. Oct. 1, 1961 July 31, 1965 Lt. Gen. James R. Allen Aug. 1, 1974 June 27, 1977 Gen. Gabriel P. Disosway Aug. 1, 1965 July 31, 1968 Lt. Gen. Kenneth L. Tallman June 28, 1977 June 15, 1981 Gen. William W. Momyer Aug. 1, 1968 Sept. 30, 1973 Maj. Gen. Robert E. Kelley June 16, 1981 June 15, 1983 Gen. Robert J. Dixon Oct. 1, 1973 April 30, 1978 Lt. Gen. Winfield W. Scott Jr. June 16, 1983 June 25, 1987 Gen. W. L. Creech May 1, 1978 Nov. 1, 1984 Lt. Gen. Charles R. Hamm June 26, 1987 July 1, 1991 Gen. Jerome F. O’Malley Nov. 1, 1984 April 20, 1985 Lt. Gen. Bradley C. Hosmer July 1, 1991 July 7, 1994 Gen. Robert D. Russ May 22, 1985 March 26, 1991 Lt. Gen. Paul E. Stein July 8, 1994 July 31, 1997 Gen. John Michael Loh March 27, 1991 June 1, 1992 Lt. Gen. Tad J. Oelstrom Aug. 1, 1997 June 9, 2000 Lt. Gen. John R. Dallager June 9, 2000 June 1, 2003 Established March 21, 1946. Reassigned to Continental Air Command (1948). Lt. Gen. John W. Rosa Jr. June 1, 2003 Oct. 24, 2005 Removed from CAC and returned to major command status Dec. 1, 1950. Inacti- Lt. Gen. John F. Regni Oct. 24, 2005 June 9, 2009 vated June 1, 1992. Lt. Gen. Michael C. Gould June 9, 2009

46 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 DOD Leaders Through the Years Secretaries of Defense US European Command James V. Forrestal Sept. 17, 1947 March 28, 1949 Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, USA Aug. 1, 1952 July 11, 1953 Louis A. Johnson March 28, 1949 Sept. 19, 1950 Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther, USA July 11, 1953 Nov. 20, 1956 George C. Marshall Sept. 21, 1950 Sept. 12, 1951 Gen. Lauris Norstad, USAF Nov. 20, 1956 Nov. 1, 1962 Robert A. Lovett Sept. 17, 1951 Jan. 20, 1953 Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, USA Nov. 1, 1962 May 5, 1969 Charles E. Wilson Jan. 28, 1953 Oct. 8, 1957 Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, USA May 5, 1969 Nov. 1, 1974 Neil H. McElroy Oct. 9, 1957 Dec. 1, 1959 Gen. Alexander M. Haig Jr., USA Nov. 1, 1974 June 27, 1979 Thomas S. Gates Dec. 2, 1959 Jan. 20, 1961 Gen. Bernard W. Rogers, USA June 27, 1979 June 25, 1987 Robert S. McNamara Jan. 21, 1961 Feb. 29, 1968 Gen. John R. Galvin, USA June 25, 1987 June 23, 1992 Clark M. Clifford March 1, 1968 Jan. 20, 1969 Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, USA June 23, 1992 Oct. 21, 1993 Melvin R. Laird Jan. 22, 1969 Jan. 29, 1973 Gen. George A. Joulwan, USA Oct. 21, 1993 July 10, 1997 Elliot L. Richardson Jan. 30, 1973 May 24, 1973 Gen. Wesley K. Clark, USA July 10, 1997 May 2, 2000 James R. Schlesinger July 2, 1973 Nov. 19, 1975 Gen. Joseph W. Ralston, USAF May 2, 2000 Jan. 16, 2003 Donald H. Rumsfeld Nov. 20, 1975 Jan. 20, 1977 Gen. James L. Jones, USMC Jan. 16, 2003 Dec. 4, 2006 Harold Brown Jan. 21, 1977 Jan. 20, 1981 Gen. Bantz J. Craddock, USA Dec. 4, 2006 June 30, 2009 Caspar W. Weinberger Jan. 21, 1981 Nov. 23, 1987 Adm. James G. Stavridis, USN June 30, 2009 Frank C. Carlucci Nov. 23, 1987 Jan. 20, 1989 Richard B. Cheney March 21, 1989 Jan. 20, 1993 US Joint Forces Command Les Aspin Jan. 21, 1993 Feb. 3, 1994 Adm. William H. P. Blandy, USN Feb. 3, 1947 Feb. 1, 1950 William J. Perry Feb. 3, 1994 Jan. 23, 1997 Adm. William M. Fechteler, USN Feb. 1, 1950 Aug. 15, 1951 William S. Cohen Jan. 24, 1997 Jan. 20, 2001 Adm. Lynde D. McCormick, USN Aug. 15, 1951 April 12, 1954 Donald H. Rumsfeld Jan. 20, 2001 Dec. 18, 2006 Adm. Jerauld Wright, USN April 12, 1954 Feb. 28, 1960 Robert M. Gates Dec. 18, 2006 Adm. Robert L. Dennison, USN Feb. 28, 1960 April 30, 1963 Adm. Harold P. Smith, USN April 30, 1963 April 30, 1965 Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, USN April 30, 1965 June 17, 1967 Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Ephraim P. Holmes, USN June 17, 1967 Sept. 30, 1970 Adm. Charles K. Duncan, USN Sept. 30, 1970 Oct. 31, 1972 Gen. of the Army Omar N. Bradley Aug. 16, 1949 Aug. 15, 1953 Adm. Ralph W. Cousins, USN Oct. 31, 1972 May 30, 1975 Adm. Arthur W. Radford, USN Aug. 15, 1953 Aug. 15, 1957 Adm. Isaac C. Kidd Jr., USN May 30, 1975 Sept. 30, 1978 Gen. Nathan F. Twining, USAF Aug. 15, 1957 Sept. 30, 1960 Adm. Harry D. Train II, USN Sept. 30, 1978 Sept. 30, 1982 Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, USA Oct. 1, 1960 Sept. 30, 1962 Adm. Wesley D. McDonald, USN Sept. 30, 1982 Nov. 27, 1985 Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, USA Oct. 1, 1962 July 1, 1964 Adm. Lee Baggett Jr., USN Nov. 27, 1985 Nov. 22, 1988 Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, USA July 3, 1964 July 2, 1970 Adm. Frank B. Kelso II, USN Nov. 22, 1988 May 18, 1990 Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, USN July 2, 1970 July 1, 1974 Adm. Leon A. Edney, USN May 18, 1990 July 13, 1992 Gen. George S. Brown, USAF July 1, 1974 June 20, 1978 Adm. Paul D. Miller, USN July 13, 1992 Oct. 31, 1994 Gen. David C. Jones, USAF June 21, 1978 June 18, 1982 Gen. John J. Sheehan, USMC Oct. 31, 1994 Sept. 24, 1997 Gen. John W. Vessey Jr., USA June 18, 1982 Sept. 30, 1985 Adm. Harold W. Gehman Jr., USN Sept. 24, 1997 Sept. 5, 2000 Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., USN Oct. 1, 1985 Sept. 30, 1989 Gen. William F. Kernan, USA Sept. 5, 2000 Oct. 2, 2002 Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA Oct. 1, 1989 Sept. 30, 1993 Adm. Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr., USN Oct. 2, 2002 Aug. 1, 2005 Adm. David Jeremiah, USN (acting) Oct. 1, 1993 Oct. 24, 1993 Lt. Gen. Robert W. Wagner, USA (acting) Aug. 1, 2005 Nov. 10, 2005 Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, USA Oct. 25, 1993 Sept. 30, 1997 Gen. Lance L. Smith, USAF Nov. 10, 2005 Nov. 9, 2007 Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA Oct. 1, 1997 Oct. 1, 2001 Gen. James N. Mattis, USMC Nov. 9, 2007 Gen. Richard B. Myers, USAF Oct. 1, 2001 Sept. 30, 2005 Formerly US Atlantic Command, established Dec. 1, 1947, redesignated Gen. Peter Pace, USMC Sept. 30, 2005 Oct. 1, 2007 Oct. 7, 1999. Adm. Michael G. Mullen, USN Oct. 1, 2007 US Northern Command Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF Oct. 1, 2002 Nov. 5, 2004 Vice Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Timothy J. Keating, USN Nov. 5, 2004 March 23, 2007 Gen. Robert T. Herres, USAF Feb. 6, 1987 Feb. 28, 1990 Gen. Victor E. Renuart Jr., USAF March 23, 2007 Adm. David E. Jeremiah, USN March 1, 1990 Feb. 28, 1994 Adm. William A. Owens, USN March 1, 1994 Feb. 27, 1996 US Pacific Command Gen. Joseph W. Ralston, USAF March 1, 1996 Feb. 29, 2000 Adm. John H. Towers, USN Jan. 1, 1947 Feb. 28, 1947 Gen. Richard B. Myers, USAF March 1, 2000 Oct. 1, 2001 Adm. Louis E. Denfeld, USN Feb. 28, 1947 Dec. 3, 1947 Gen. Peter Pace, USMC Oct. 1, 2001 Aug. 12, 2005 Adm. Dewitt C. Ramsey, USN Dec. 3, 1947 April 30, 1949 Adm. Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr., USN Aug. 12, 2005 Aug. 3, 2007 Adm. Arthur W. Radford, USN April 30, 1949 July 10, 1953 Gen. James E. Cartwright, USMC Aug. 4, 2007 Adm. Felix B. Stump, USN July 10, 1953 July 31, 1958 Adm. Harry D. Felt, USN July 31, 1958 June 30, 1964 US Africa Command Adm. U.S. Grant Sharp, USN June 30, 1964 July 31, 1968 Adm. John S. McCain Jr., USN July 31, 1968 Sept. 1, 1972 Gen. William E. Ward, USA Oct. 1, 2008 Adm. Noel A. M. Gayler, USN Sept. 1, 1972 Aug. 30, 1976 Adm. Maurice E. Weisner, USN Aug. 30, 1976 Oct. 31, 1979 US Central Command Adm. Robert L. J. Long, USN Oct. 31, 1979 July 1, 1983 Adm. William J. Crowe Jr., USN July 1, 1983 Sept. 18, 1985 Gen. Robert C. Kingston, USA Jan. 1, 1983 Nov. 27, 1985 Adm. Ronald J. Hays Jr., USN Sept. 18, 1985 Sept. 30, 1988 Gen. George B. Crist, USMC Nov. 27, 1985 Nov. 23, 1988 Adm. Huntington Hardisty, USN Sept. 30, 1988 March 1, 1991 Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA Nov. 23, 1988 Aug. 9, 1991 Adm. Charles R. Larson, USN March 1, 1991 July 11, 1994 Gen. Joseph P. Hoar, USMC Aug. 9, 1991 Aug. 5, 1994 Lt. Gen. Harold T. Fields, USA (acting) July 11, 1994 July 19, 1994 Gen. J. H. Binford Peay III, USA Aug. 5, 1994 Aug. 13, 1997 Adm. Richard C. Macke, USN July 19, 1994 Jan. 31, 1996 Gen. Anthony C. Zinni, USMC Aug. 13, 1997 July 6, 2000 Adm. Joseph W. Prueher, USN Jan. 31, 1996 Feb. 20, 1999 Gen. Tommy R. Franks, USA July 6, 2000 July 7, 2003 Adm. Dennis C. Blair, USN Feb. 20, 1999 May 2, 2002 Gen. John P. Abizaid, USA July 7, 2003 March 16, 2007 Adm. Thomas B. Fargo, USN May 2, 2002 Feb. 26, 2005 Adm. William J. Fallon, USN March 16, 2007 March 31, 2008 Adm. William J. Fallon, USN Feb. 26, 2005 March 12, 2007 Lt. Gen. Martin E. Dempsey (acting), USA March 31, 2008 Oct. 31, 2008 Lt. Gen. Daniel P. Leaf, USAF (acting) March 12, 2007 March 26, 2007 Gen. David H. Petraeus, USA Oct. 31, 2008 Adm. Timothy J. Keating, USN March 26, 2007 Oct. 19, 2009 Adm. Robert F. Willard, USN Oct. 19, 2009

48 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 US Southern Command US Strategic Command Gen. G. Lee Butler, USAF June 1, 1992 Feb. 13, 1994 Lt. Gen. Willis Crittenberger, USA November 1947 June 1948 Adm. Henry G. Chiles Jr., USN Feb. 14, 1994 Feb. 21, 1996 Lt. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, USA June 1948 October 1949 Gen. Eugene E. Habiger, USAF Feb. 22, 1996 June 25, 1998 Lt. Gen. William H. H. Morris, USA October 1949 April 1952 Adm. Richard W. Mies, USN June 26, 1998 Nov. 30, 2001 Lt. Gen. Horace L. McBride, USA April 1952 June 1954 Adm. James O. Ellis Jr., USN Nov. 30, 2001 July 9, 2004 Lt. Gen. William K. Harrison, USA June 1954 January 1957 Gen. James E. Cartwright, USMC July 9, 2004 Aug. 10, 2007 Lt. Gen. Robert M. Montague, USA January 1957 February 1958 Lt. Gen. C. Robert Kehler, USAF (acting) Aug. 10, 2007 Oct. 3, 2007 Lt. Gen. Ridgely Gaither, USA April 1958 July 1960 Gen. Kevin P. Chilton, USAF Oct. 3, 2007 Lt. Gen. Robert F. Sink, USA July 1960 January 1961 Lt. Gen. Andrew P. O’Meara, USA January 1961 June 1963 Merged the functions of US Space Command into STRATCOM Oct. 1, 2002. Gen. Andrew P. O’Meara, USA June 1963 February 1965 Gen. Robert W. Porter, USA February 1965 February 1969 Gen. George R. Mather, USA February 1969 September 1971 US Transportation Command Gen. George V. Underwood, USA September 1971 January 1973 Gen. William B. Rosson, USA January 1973 July 1975 Gen. Duane H. Cassidy, USAF July 1, 1987 Sept. 21, 1989 Lt. Gen. Dennis P. McAuliffe, USA August 1975 September 1979 Gen. H. T. Johnson, USAF Sept. 22, 1989 Aug. 24, 1992 Lt. Gen. Wallace H. Nutting, USA October 1979 May 1983 Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman, USAF Aug. 25, 1992 Oct. 17, 1994 Gen. Paul F. Gorman, USA May 1983 March 1985 Gen. Robert L. Rutherford, USAF Oct. 18, 1994 July 14, 1996 Gen. John R. Galvin, USA March 1985 June 1987 Gen. Walter Kross, USAF July 15, 1996 Aug. 2, 1998 Gen. Fred F. Woerner, USA June 1987 July 1989 Gen. Charles T. Robertson Jr., USAF Aug. 3, 1998 Nov. 5, 2001 Gen. Maxwell R. Thurman, USA September 1989 November 1990 Gen. John W. Handy, USAF Nov. 5, 2001 Sept. 7, 2005 Gen. George A. Joulwan, USA November 1990 November 1993 Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, USAF Sept. 7, 2005 Aug. 11, 2008 Maj. Gen. W. L. Worthington, USAF (acting) November 1993 February 1994 VAdm. Ann E. Rondeau, USN (acting) Aug. 12, 2008 Sept. 4, 2008 Gen. Barry McCaffrey, USA February 1994 February 1996 Gen. Duncan J. McNabb, USAF Sept. 5, 2008 RAdm. James Perkins, USN March 1996 June 1996 Gen. Wesley K. Clark, USA July 1996 July 1997 Gen. Charles E. Wilhelm, USMC August 1997 Sept. 8, 2000 National Guard Bureau Gen. Peter Pace, USMC Sept. 8, 2000 Sept. 30, 2001 Maj. Gen. Butler B. Miltonberger, USA Sept. 29, 1947 Maj. Gen. G. D. Speer, USA (acting) Sept. 30, 2001 Aug. 18, 2002 Feb. 1, 1946 Maj. Gen. Kenneth F. Cramer, USA Sept. 30, 1947 Sept. 4, 1950 Gen. James T. Hill, USA Aug. 18, 2002 Nov. 9, 2004 Maj. Gen. Raymond H. Fleming, USA (acting) Sept. 5, 1950 Aug. 13, 1951 Gen. Bantz J. Craddock, USA Nov. 9, 2004 Oct. 19, 2006 Maj. Gen. Raymond H. Fleming, USA Aug. 14, 1951 Feb. 15, 1953 Adm. James G. Stavridis, USN Oct. 19, 2006 June 25, 2009 Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks, USAF (acting) Feb. 16, 1953 June 21, 1953 Gen. Douglas M. Fraser June 25, 2009 Maj. Gen. Edgar C. Erickson, USA June 22, 1953 May 31, 1959 Formerly US Caribbean Command (1947). Activated in 1963. Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, USAF (acting) June 1, 1959 July 19, 1959 Maj. Gen. Donald W. McGowan, USA July 20, 1959 Aug. 30, 1963 Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson, USAF Aug. 31, 1963 Aug. 31, 1971 US Space Command Maj. Gen. Francis S. Greenlief, USA Sept. 1, 1971 June 23, 1974 Lt. Gen. La Vern E. Weber, USA Aug. 16, 1974 Aug. 15, 1982 Gen. Robert T. Herres, USAF Sept. 23, 1985 Feb. 5, 1987 Lt. Gen. Emmett H. Walker Jr., USA Aug. 16, 1982 Aug. 15, 1986 Gen. John L. Piotrowski, USAF Feb. 6, 1987 March 30, 1990 Lt. Gen. Herbert R. Temple Jr., USA Aug. 16, 1986 Jan. 31, 1990 Gen. Donald J. Kutyna, USAF April 1, 1990 June 30, 1992 Lt. Gen. John B. Conaway, USAF Feb. 1, 1990 Dec. 1, 1993 Gen. Charles A. Horner, USAF June 30, 1992 Sept. 12, 1994 Maj. Gen. Raymond F. Rees, USA (acting) Jan. 1, 1994 July 31, 1994 Gen. Joseph W. Ashy, USAF Sept. 13, 1994 Aug. 26, 1996 Lt. Gen. Edward D. Baca, USA Oct. 1, 1994 July 31, 1998 Gen. Howell M. Estes III, USAF Aug. 27, 1996 Aug. 13, 1998 Lt. Gen. Russell C. Davis, USAF Aug. 4, 1998 Aug. 3, 2002 Gen. Richard B. Myers, USAF Aug. 14, 1998 Feb. 22, 2000 Maj. Gen. Raymond F. Rees, USA (acting) Aug. 4, 2002 April 10, 2003 Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF Feb. 22, 2000 Oct. 1, 2002 Lt. Gen. H. Steven Blum, USA April 11, 2003 Nov. 16, 2008 Deactivated Oct. 1, 2002, when its functions merged with US Strategic Command. Gen. Craig R. McKinley, USAF Nov. 17, 2008

US Special Operations Command

Gen. James J. Lindsay, USA April 16, 1987 June 27, 1990 Gen. Carl W. Stiner, USA June 27, 1990 May 20, 1993 Gen. Wayne A. Downing, USA May 20, 1993 Feb. 29, 1996 Gen. Henry H. Shelton, USA Feb. 29, 1996 Sept. 25, 1997 Gen. Peter J. Schoomaker, USA Nov. 5, 1997 Oct. 27, 2000 Gen. Charles R. Holland, USAF Oct. 27, 2000 Sept. 2, 2003 Gen. Bryan D. Brown, USA Sept. 2, 2003 July 9, 2007 Adm. Eric T. Olson, USN July 9, 2007

NORAD Leaders Through the Years North American Aerospace Defense Command

Gen. Earle E. Partridge, USAF Sept. 12, 1957 July 30, 1959 Gen. Robert T. Herres, USAF July 30, 1984 Feb. 5, 1987 Gen. Laurence S. Kuter, USAF Aug. 1, 1959 July 30, 1962 Gen. John L. Piotrowski, USAF Feb. 6, 1987 March 30, 1990 Gen. John K. Gerhart, USAF Aug. 1, 1962 March 30, 1965 Gen. Donald J. Kutyna, USAF April 1, 1990 June 30, 1992 Gen. Dean C. Strother, USAF April 1, 1965 July 29, 1966 Gen. Charles A. Horner, USAF June 30, 1992 Sept. 12, 1994 Gen. Raymond J. Reeves, USAF Aug. 1, 1966 July 31, 1969 Gen. Joseph W. Ashy, USAF Sept. 13, 1994 Aug. 26, 1996 Gen. Seth J. McKee, USAF Aug. 1, 1969 Sept. 30, 1973 Gen. Howell M. Estes III, USAF Aug. 27, 1996 Aug. 13, 1998 Gen. Lucius D. Clay Jr., USAF Oct. 1, 1973 Aug. 29, 1975 Gen. Richard B. Myers, USAF Aug. 14, 1998 Feb. 22, 2000 Gen. Daniel James Jr., USAF Sept. 1, 1975 Dec. 5, 1977 Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart, USAF Feb. 22, 2000 Nov. 5, 2004 Gen. James E. Hill, USAF Dec. 6, 1977 Dec. 31, 1979 Adm. Timothy J. Keating, USN Nov. 5, 2004 March 23, 2007 Gen. James V. Hartinger, USAF Jan. 1, 1980 July 30, 1984 Gen. Victor E. Renuart Jr., USAF March 23, 2007

50 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 People 2010 USAF Almanac

USAF Total Force (As of Sept. 30, 2009) FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Air Force active duty Officers 74,109 73,252 70,539 65,722 64,805 65,496 63,866 Enlisted 298,314 276,117 273,990 263,372 258,092 263,351 263,834 Cadets 4,193 4,327 4,424 4,401 4,482 4,561 4,000 Total Air Force active duty 376,616 353,696 348,953 333,495 327,379 333,408 331,700

Civilian personnel Direct hire (excluding technicians) 124,959 125,809 130,572 121,124 122,703 123,106 135,094 ANG technicians 22,416 22,322 21,997 22,724 22,342 22,391 22,712 AFRC technicians 9,204 9,445 9,435 9,172 9,500 9,147 10,437 Indirect hire—foreign nationals 6,146 6,589 6,935 6,496 6,563 6,346 6,359 Total civilian personnel 162,725 164,165 168,939 159,516 161,108 160,990 174,602

Guard and Reserve Air National Guard, Selected Reserve 106,715 106,430 105,660 106,256 107,681 109,196 106,700 AFRC, Selected Reserve 75,322 75,802 74,075 71,146 67,490 67,986 69,500 AFRC, Individual Ready Reserve 37,015 48,750 44,904 45,469 49,301 43,182 42,056 Total Ready Reserve 219,052 230,982 224,639 222,871 224,472 220,364 218,256 Standby 17,340 15,241 10,932 10,675 10,384 10,530 9,457 Total Guard and Reserve 236,392 246,223 235,571 233,546 234,856 230,894 227,713

FYs 2004-09 are actual figures; FY10 is an estimate.

USAF Educational Levels (As of Sept. 30, 2009) Armed Forces Manpower Trends, End Strength in Thousands (As of Sept. 30, 2009) Number Percent Enlisted High school 13,168 5.0 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Some college Active duty military (< 2 years) 183,819 69.8 AA/AS degree or Air Force 377 354 349 334 328 333 332 Army 500 493 505 522 544 553 562 equivalent hours 49,773 18.9 Marine Corps 178 180 180 187 199 203 202 Bachelor’s degree 14,221 5.4 Navy 373 363 350 338 332 329 329 Master’s degree 2,370 0.9 Professional or doctoral Total 1,428 1,390 1,384 1,381 1,403 1,418 1,425 degree 0.0 0.0 Selected Guard and Reserve Total 263,351 100 Air National Guard 107 106 106 106 107 109 107 Officers AFRC 75 76 74 71 68 68 70 Bachelor’s degree 30,587 46.7 Army National Guard 343 333 346 353 351 358 358 Master’s degree 27,705 42.3 Army Reserve 204 189 190 190 198 205 205 Doctoral degree 917 1.4 Marine Corps Reserve 40 40 40 39 40 39 40 Professional degree 6,288 9.6 Naval Reserve 83 76 71 70 68 67 66 Total 65,496 100 Total 852 820 827 829 832 846 846 Does not include cadets. Direct-hire civilian (full-time equivalents) Air Force 154 155 158 156 155 155 168 USAF Marital Status 209 221 220 220 262 247 234 Army (As of Sept. 30, 2009) Navy/Marine Corps 183 179 178 176 182 186 189 Defense agencies 105 108 104 105 96 115 126 Total percent married 59.3 Percent of enlisted 56.3 Total 651 663 660 657 695 703 717 Percent of officers 71.2 Number of USAF couples 16,394 Number married to members . of other services 1,373

52 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Active Duty Air Force Personnel Strength Active Duty Ranks (As of Sept. 30, 2009) (As of Sept. 30, 2009) Year Strength Year Strength Year Strength 1907 3 1942 764,415 1977 570,479

Women

Rank

Men 1908 13 1943 2,197,114 1978 569,491 Total 1909 27 1944 2,372,292 1979 559,450 Officers 1910 11 1945 2,282,259 1980 557,969 General 14 0 14 1911 23 1946 455,515 1981 570,302 Lieutenant General 38 1 39 1912 51 1947 305,827 1982 582,845 Major General 96 10 106 1913 114 1948 387,730 1983 592,044 Brigadier General 139 17 156 1914 122 1949 419,347 1984 597,125 Colonel 3,275 401 3,676 1915 208 1950 411,277 1985 601,515 Lieutenant Colonel 8,752 1,330 10,082 1916 311 1951 788,381 1986 608,199 Major 11,636 2,409 14,045 1917 1,218 1952 973,474 1987 607,035 Captain 18,563 4,801 23,364 1918 195,023 1953 977,593 1988 576,446 First Lieutenant 5,590 1,618 7,208 1919 25,603 1954 947,918 1989 570,880 Second Lieutenant 5,296 1,510 6,806 1920 9,050 1955 959,946 1990 535,233 1921 11,649 1956 909,958 1991 510,432 Total 53,399 12,097 65,496 1922 9,642 1957 919,835 1992 470,315 1923 9,441 1958 871,156 1993 444,351 Enlisted 1924 10,547 1959 840,028 1994 426,327 Chief Master Sergeant 1925 9,670 1960 814,213 1995 400,409 of the Air Force 1 0 1 1926 9,674 1961 820,490 1996 389,001 Chief Master Sergeant 2,368 273 2,641 1927 10,078 1962 883,330 1997 377,385 Senior Master Sergeant 4,509 669 5,178 1928 10,549 1963 868,644 1998 367,470 Master Sergeant 22,291 3,868 26,159 1929 12,131 1964 855,802 1999 360,590 Technical Sergeant 33,530 7,975 41,505 1930 13,531 1965 823,633 2000 355,654 Staff Sergeant 54,276 14,666 68,942 1931 14,780 1966 886,350 2001 353,571 Sergeant/Senior Airman 40,983 10,903 51,886 1932 15,028 1967 897,426 2002 368,251 Airman First Class 38,655 10,254 48,909 1933 15,099 1968 904,759 2003 375,062 Airman 5,928 1,451 7,379 1934 15,861 1969 862,062 2004 376,616 Airman Basic 8,845 1,906 10,751 1935 16,247 1970 791,078 2005 353,696 Total 211,386 51,965 263,351 1936 17,233 1971 755,107 2006 348,953 Academy Cadets 4,561 1937 19,147 1972 725,635 2007 333,495 3,639 922 Total Personnel 268,424 64,984 333,408 1938 21,089 1973 690,999 2008 327,379 1939 23,455 1974 643,795 2009 333,408 1940 51,165 1975 612,551 2010 331,700 Average ages of military personnel.: Officers 35, Enlisted 29 1941 152,125 1976 585,207

2010 number is an estimate.

The Civilian Force (As of Sept. 30, 2009)

General Schedule/ Wage Grade Wage Grade Air Force Civilian Personnel Payband NSPSa Grade Other Wage Grade Leader Supervisor Average Average 1 4,439 1 1 6 0 0 Age Length of 2 31,747 2 33 84 4 12 Service

3 3,982 3 242 278 0 16 General Schedule 47 15.5 4 26 4 1,523 104 3 23 NSPS 47 15.4 5 5,062 561 15 52 Wage System 44 13.6 6 3,098 941 29 80 Wage System Leader 49 19.5 7 7,064 1,068 29 125 Wage System Supervisor 49 21.3 8 1,110 2,075 124 187 9 8,301 2,255 228 698

10 533 12,607 958 1,054 11 10,476 3,295 250 420 12 9,901 1,518 106 207 13 2,881 267 28 175 14 311 29 1 150 15 63 1 1 80 16 0 0 0 57 Excludes Title 32 technicians, temporary employees, 17 0 0 0 33 and foreign/local nationals. 18 0 0 0 9 STb 0 Does not include 2,689 personnel in demonstration projects. SESc 282 Other 63 aNational Security Personnel System. Total 40,194 Total 50,944 25,089 1,776 3,378 bScientific and Technical. cSenior Executive Service.

AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 53 USAF Personnel Strength by Commands, FOAs, and DRUs (As of Sept. 30, 2009) USAF Personnel by Geographic Area Military Civilian Total (As of Sept. 30, 2009) Major Commands Air Combat Command (ACC) 77,892 10,371 88,263 Total military Air Education and Training Command (AETC) 59,959 14,557 74,516 personnel 333,408 Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) 175 1 176 Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) 18,627 58,131 76,758 Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) 286 13,031 13,317 US territory and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) 20,725 7,906 28,631 special locations 276,247 Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) 12,274 830 13,104 Air Mobility Command (AMC) 45,975 8,800 54,775 Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) 29,763 8,131 37,894 Total in foreign United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) 25,644 5,712 31,356 countries 57,161 Total Major Commands 291,320 127,470 418,790

Field Operating Agencies (FOAs) Western and Southern Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation 9 13 22 Europe 30,902 Air Force Audit Agency 0 726 726 Germany 14,741 Air Force Center for Engineering & the Environment 31 468 499 UK 8,479 Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency 83 117 200 4,080 Air Force Cost Analysis Agency 28 86 114 Turkey 1,528 Air Force Financial Services Center 347 50 397 Portugal 655 Air Force Flight Standards Agency 150 50 200 Belgium 450 Air Force Global Cyberspace Integration Center 78 1 79 Spain 369 Air Force Historical Research Agency 0 57 57 All other countries 600 Air Force Inspection Agency 88 34 122 Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency 69 56 125 East Asia and Pacific 21,043 Air Force Intel, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance Agency 11,511 1,852 13,363 Japan/Okinawa 12,711 Air Force Legal Operations Agency 495 243 738 South Korea 8,202 Air Force Logistics Management Agency 38 16 54 All other countries 130 Air Force Manpower Agency 165 287 452 Air Force Medical Operations Agency 181 121 302 Air Force Medical Support Agency 164 60 224 Africa, Near East, Air Force Office of Special Investigations 1,518 630 2,148 South Asia 741 Air Force Operations Group 52 0 52 Djibouti 217 Air Force Personnel Center 765 951 1,716 Qatar 186 Air Force Personnel Operations Agency 14 41 55 United Arab Emirates 83 Air Force Petroleum Agency 30 64 94 Saudi Arabia 81 Air Force Public Affairs Agency 151 16 167 All other countries 174 Air Force Real Property Agency 0 91 91 Air Force Review Boards Agency 12 49 61 Air Force Safety Center 50 73 123 Western Hemisphere 327 Air Force Security Forces Center 341 36 377 Honduras 177 Air Force Services Agency 57 163 220 Canada 83 Air Force Weather Agency 944 180 1,124 All other countries 67 Air National Guard Readiness Center 92 579 671 Total FOAs 17,463 7,110 24,573 Other areas 4,148

Direct Reporting Units (DRUs) Air Force District of Washington 4,232 1,362 5,594 Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center 398 158 556 Academy (excluding cadets) 2,061 1,398 3,459 Total DRUs 6,691 2,918 9,609

Other Davis Greg L. Photo by Other 13,373 23,492 36,865 USAFA Cadets 4,561 0 4,561 Total Other 17,934 23,492 41,426 Total Strength 333,408 160,990 494,398

SrA. Louis Hause, a pararescueman with the 38th Rescue Squadron, Moody AFB, Ga.

54 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Budgets 2010 USAF Almanac Terms Explained Another difference concerns the value year, often the present one, is chosen as a Funding levels can be expressed in several of money. When funding is in current or baseline for constant dollars. ways. Budget authority is the value of new then-year dollars, no adjustment for infla- Normally, Congress first authorizes pay- obligations that the federal government is tion has taken place. This is the actual ment, then appropriates it. Authorization authorized to incur. These include some amount of dollars that has been or is to be is an act of Congress that establishes or obligations to be met in later years. Figures spent, budgeted, or forecast. When funding continues a federal program or agency and can also be expressed in outlays (actual is expressed in constant dollars, or real sets forth guidelines to which it must adhere. expenditures, some of which are covered dollars, the effect of inflation has been Appropriation is an act of Congress that by amounts that were authorized in previ- factored out to make direct comparisons enables federal agencies to spend money ous years). between budget years possible. A specific for specific purposes.

Air Force Budget—A 10-Year Perspective (Budget authority in millions of current and constant FY11 dollars; excludes costs of the Global War on Terror.)

Current dollars FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Military personnel $20,956 $24,751 $28,732 $29,681 $30,344 $31,398 $31,789 $32,180 $33,482 $34,835 Operation & maintenance 29,328 34,364 43,254 39,252 39,752 46,709 48,237 52,225 55,229 52,313 Procurement 22,054 23,229 31,380 32,460 35,117 35,989 39,542 43,816 44,182 40,027 RDT&E 14,297 14,519 18,825 20,290 20,551 22,220 24,566 26,630 26,289 28,175 Military construction 1,410 1,806 1,634 1,831 1,499 2,183 2,328 3,089 3,102 2,845 Family housing 1,084 1,374 1,536 1,441 1,680 2,086 1,900 1,001 1,087 569 Rev. & mgmt. funds 515 292 31 690 -667 1,252 666 -934 251 79 Trust & receipts -95 -108 -147 -110 -359 -180 -80 -96 -96 -136 Total $89,549 $100,228 $125,245 $125,536 $127,918 $141,657 $148,947 $157,909 $163,526 $158,707 Constant FY11 dollars Military personnel $26,315 $30,591 $34,713 $34,917 $34,523 $34,615 $34,091 $32,247 $34,731 $35,288 Operation & maintenance 36,828 42,473 52,258 46,177 45,227 51,494 51,730 53,957 57,290 52,993 Procurement 27,694 28,710 37,913 38,186 39,954 39,676 42,406 45,269 45,831 40,547 RDT&E 17,953 17,945 22,744 23,869 23,381 24,496 26,345 27,513 27,270 28,541 Military construction 1,771 2,232 1,974 2,154 1,705 2,407 2,497 3,191 3,218 2,882 Family housing 1,361 1,698 1,856 1,695 1,911 2,300 2,038 1,034 1,128 576 Rev. & mgmt. funds 647 361 37 812 -759 1,380 714 -965 260 80 Trust & receipts -119 -133 -178 -129 -408 -198 -86 -99 -100 -138 Total $112,450 $123,878 $151,318 $147,682 $145,536 $156,170 $159,734 $163,146 $169,627 $160,770 Percentage real growth Military personnel 0.8 16.2 13.5 0.6 -1.1 0.3 -1.5 -2.5 4.5 1.6 Operation & maintenance 4.7 15.3 23.0 -11.6 -2.1 13.9 0.5 4.3 6.2 -7.5 Procurement 14.4 3.7 32.1 0.7 4.6 -0.7 6.9 6.8 1.2 -11.5 RDT&E -4.2 0.0 26.7 4.9 -2.0 4.8 7.5 4.4 -0.9 4.7 Military construction 16.8 26.1 -11.6 9.1 -20.8 41.1 3.7 27.8 0.8 -10.4 Family housing -8.9 24.8 9.3 -8.7 12.8 20.3 -11.4 -49.2 9.0 -48.9 Total 4.9 10.2 22.2 -2.4 -1.5 7.3 2.3 2.1 4.0 -5.2 Numbers do not add due to rounding.

Air Force Major Force Programs (Total obligation authority in billions of constant FY11 dollars) FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 Forces Strategic Forces $4.9 $5.7 $6.3 $6.5 $4.6 $6.3 $5.9 $5.8 $5.3 General-Purpose Forces 27.9 33.0 42.5 38.6 57.8 40.7 37.5 39.1 39.1 Airlift Forces 13.1 15.1 18.2 16.0 13.8 18.4 16.8 13.6 11.6 Guard and Reserve Forces 10.7 11.1 12.0 12.5 12.6 13.7 13.5 13.8 14.4 Special Operations Forces 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 Total $57.0 $65.5 $79.7 $74.2 88.9 $79.7 $74.5 $73.3 $71.4

Support Intelligence & Communications $26.9 $28.3 $36.8 $37.5 37.1 $41.9 $39.9 $40.7 $43.9 Research & Development 8.9 8.5 10.5 11.5 9.7 10.9 10.9 10.2 10.0 Central Supply & Maintenance 6.2 6.2 7.2 6.5 5.2 5.7 5.3 5.8 5.7 Training, Medical, & Personnel 11.4 12.7 14.3 14.5 6.5 13.9 12.5 11.7 11.8 Administration & Other 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.8 Total $55.5 $58.0 $71.4 $72.9 $60.9 $75.3 $70.9 $70.8 $74.2 Numbers do not add due to rounding.

56 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Defense Budget Authority ($ billions) Planned 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 No War Costs, Current dollars $513.3 $530.7 $548.9 $566.4 $581.8 $597.8 $616.0

No War Costs, Constant FY11 dollars $532.5 $537.6 $548.9 $559.0 $567.3 $576.0 586.4 With War Costs, Current dollars $658.4 $660.3 $708.2 $616.4 $631.8 $647.8 666.0 With War Costs, Constant FY11 dollars $683.0 $668.9 $708.2 $608.4 $616.1 $624.1 634.0 Defense Outlays ($ billions) Planned 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Current dollars $633.8 $684.4 $714.4 $649.3 $629.7 $638.5 $652.8

Constant FY11 dollars $657.4 $693.3 $714.4 $640.9 $614.1 $615.2 $621.4

Service and Agency Shares of Total DOD Budget (Budget authority in billions of constant FY11 dollars) Planned Dollars 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Air Force $146.5 $145.3 $150.0 $152.8 $155.0 $157.4 $160.2 Army 144.4 141.5 143.4 146.0 148.2 150.5 153.2 Navy/Marine Corps 152.9 157.8 160.6 163.6 166.0 168.5 171.6 Defense agencies 88.7 93.0 94.9 96.7 98.1 99.6 101.4 Total 532.5 537.6 548.9 559.0 567.3 576.0 586.4

Percentages Air Force 27.5% 27.0% 27.3% 27.3% 27.3% 27.3% 27.3% Army 27.1% 26.3% 26.1% 26.1% 26.1% 26.1% 26.1% Navy 28.7% 29.4% 29.3% 29.3% 29.3% 29.3% 29.3% Defense agencies 16.7% 17.3% 17.3% 17.3% 17.3% 17.3% 17.3%

Service and Agency Shares of Total DOD Budget 40

35

30 Navy USAF 25 Army

20 DOD 15 Agencies

Percent of DOD Budget Percent 10

5

0

-5 Fiscal Year 14 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12

AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 57 Federal Budget Outlay Categories Inflation Rates Percentages of GDP 14

Year Total Deficit/ Entitlements Defense 12 Outlays Surplus 1962 18.8 1.0 6.1 9.3 10 1963 18.6 0.7 6.0 9.0 1964 18.5 1.0 6.1 8.6 8 1965 17.2 0.2 5.8 7.4 1966 17.8 0.4 5.7 7.8 6 1967 19.4 1.6 6.3 8.9 1968 20.5 3.2 6.9 9.5 1969 19.4 0.1 6.8 8.7 4 1970 19.3 0.9 7.2 8.1 CPI percentage change 1971 19.5 2.4 8.1 7.3 2 1972 19.6 2.2 8.6 6.7 1973 18.7 1.2 8.9 5.9 1974 18.7 0.5 9.1 5.6 0 1975 21.3 3.5 10.9 5.6 1976 21.4 4.0 10.9 5.2 -2 1977 20.7 2.5 10.3 4.9 62 65 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02 06 09 1978 20.7 2.5 10.3 4.7 1979 20.2 1.6 9.9 4.7 1980 21.7 2.7 10.7 4.9 1981 22.2 2.4 11.1 5.2 CPI=Consumer Price Index Year % change 1982 23.1 3.7 11.5 5.8 1983 23.5 6.0 11.9 6.1 1962 1.0 1984 22.2 4.8 10.5 5.9 1963 1.3 1985 22.8 5.3 10.8 6.1 1964 1.3 1986 22.5 5.4 10.5 6.2 1965 1.6 1987 21.6 3.6 10.2 6.1 1966 2.9 1988 21.3 3.8 10.1 5.8 1967 3.1 1989 21.2 3.8 10.1 5.6 1968 4.2 1990 21.9 4.8 10.9 5.2 1969 5.5 1991 22.3 5.4 11.8 5.4 1970 5.7 1992 22.1 5.5 11.5 4.8 1971 4.4 1993 21.4 4.6 11.2 4.4 1972 3.2 1994 21.0 3.7 11.3 4.0 1973 6.2 1995 20.6 3.1 11.1 3.7 1974 11.0 1996 20.2 2.3 11.1 3.4 1975 9.1 1997 19.5 1.3 10.9 3.3 1976 5.8 1998 19.1 0.3 10.9 3.1 1977 6.5 1999 18.5 0.0 10.6 3.0 1978 7.6 2000 18.2 0.9 10.5 3.0 1979 11.3 2001 18.2 0.3 10.7 3.0 1980 13.5 2002 19.1 3.0 11.3 3.3 1981 10.3 2003 19.7 4.9 11.7 3.7 1982 6.2 2004 19.6 4.9 11.5 3.9 1983 3.2 2005 19.9 4.0 11.6 4.0 1984 4.3 2006 20.1 3.3 11.7 3.9 1985 3.6 2007 19.6 2.5 11.7 3.9 1986 1.9 2008 20.7 4.4 12.4 4.2 1987 3.6 2009 24.7 10.9 16.1 4.6 1988 4.1 1989 4.8 1990 5.4 25 1991 4.2 1992 3.0 1993 3.0 1994 2.6 20 Other 1995 2.8 1996 3.0 1997 2.3 1998 1.6 15 1999 2.2 Defense 2000 3.4 2001 2.8 1.6 10 2002 2003 2.3 2004 2.7 2005 3.4 5 Entitlements 2006 3.2 2007 2.8 2008 3.8 2009 -0.4 0 62 65 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02 06 09

58 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Air National Guard Inventory (As of Sept. 30, 2009) Type TAI PAI Equipment Fighter/Attack A-10 92 87 2010 USAF Almanac F-15A-D 134 95 F-16 438 366 Total active inventory (TAI): aircraft assigned to operating forces for mission, Total 664 548 training, test, or maintenance. Includes primary, backup, and attrition reserve aircraft. Special Ops Forces Primary aircraft inventory (PAI): aircraft assigned to meet primary aircraft authori- MC-130 4 4 zation (PAA). Reconnaissance/BM/C3I Active Duty Inventory E-8 18 12 (As of Sept. 30, 2009) EC-130 7 3 RC-26 11 11 Type TAI PAI Type TAI PAI WC-130 9 4 Total 45 30 Bomber Transport Tanker HC-130 7 B-1 66 51 C-5 36 30 9 KC-135 173 170 20 16 B-2 C-12 28 27 Total 182 177 B-52 68 45 C-17 173 120 Transport Total 154 112 C-20 10 10 C-21 35 31 C-5 33 30 Fighter/Attack C-17 C-32 4 4 8 8 A-10 208 176 C-21 21 2 C-37 10 7 C-32 F-15C-D 233 201 2 2 C-40 4 1 C-38 2 2 F-15E 221 192 C-130 150 139 C-40 3 3 F-16 665 551 VC-25 2 2 C-130 162 158 F-22A 141 120 Total 452 371 LC-130 10 10 Total 1,468 1,240 Total 241 215 Helicopter Special Ops Forces Helicopter HH-60 68 62 HH-60 25 19 17 15 AC-130 H-1 91 68 12 12 Total ANG 1,153 989 CV-22 Total 159 130 MC-130 52 40 Total 89 71 Trainer Reconnaissance/BM/C3I T-1 179 138 Air Force Reserve Command T-6 431 323 32 Inventory E-3 26 T-38 456 411 4 (As of Sept. 30, 2009) E-4 3 T-41 4 4 15 Type TAI PAI EC-130 10 T-43 7 7 31 MC-12 0 T-51 3 3 Bomber 126 MQ-1 110 Gliders 31 30 B-52 9 8 35 MQ-9 35 UV-18 3 2 2 Fighter/Attack OC-135 2 Total 1,114 918 RC-135 25 20 A-10 55 45 Total Active 4,016 3,322 F-16 53 50 RQ-4 17 12 Total 108 95 U-2 33 29 Total 320 247 Special Ops Forces MC-130 14 8 Tanker Reconnaissance/BM/C3I HC-130 19 19 WC-130 11 10 KC-10 59 54 KC-135 182 160 Tanker Total 260 233 HC-130 5 5 KC-135 64 64 Total 69 69 Transport C-5 42 38 C-9 3 3 USAF Aircraft Flying Hours C-17 9 8 (In thousands, as of Sept. 30, 2009) C-40 3 3 C-130 92 88 Total 149 140 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 Helicopter Active duty 1,700 1,708 1,615 1,611 1,517 1,418 1,004 HH-60 15 13 ANG 426 393 368 351 338 331 214 Total AFRC 375 343 AFRC 193 177 160 202 195 186 94 Total 2,319 2,278 2,143 2,164 2,050 1,935 1,312

60 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Total Number of USAF Aircraft in Service Over Time (As of Sept. 30, 2009)

Type of aircraft FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 Bomber 173 172 173 172 173 153 154 Fighter/attack 1,628 1,627 1,622 1,619 1,552 1,496 1,468 Helicopter 129 160 169 160 160 170 159 Reconnaissance/BM/C3I 135 132 134 137 266 292 320 Special Ops Forces 101 99 98 103 100 94 89 Tanker 325 301 285 278 277 262 260 Trainer 1,308 1,277 1,267 1,284 1,111 1,074 1,114

Transport 529 516 525 529 454 449 452 Total active duty 4,328 4,284 4,273 4,282 4,093 3,990 4,016 Air National Guard 1,312 1,326 1,313 1,321 1,289 1,213 1,153 AFRC 433 408 400 410 396 370 375 Total active duty, ANG, and AFRC 6,073 6,018 5,986 6,013 5,778 5,573 5,544 Total aircraft, including foreign-government-owned 6,167 6,107 6,057 6,072 5,811 5,603 5,587

Age of the Active Duty Fleet (As of Sept. 30, 2009)

Age in Years

0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24+ Total Average

A-10 208 208 27.8 B-1 66 66 22.1 B-2 1 10 6 3 20 15.1 B-52 68 68 47.8 C-5 6 27 3 36 23.2 (K)C-10 1 23 35 59 24.7 C-12 4 24 28 26.4 C-17 33 32 42 30 20 15 1 173 7.7 C-20 1 1 8 10 20.7 C-21 1 34 35 24.7 (V)C-25 2 2 18.9 C-32 4 4 11.0 C-37 1 6 3 10 7.9 C-40 2 2 4 5.6 C-130 18 7 1 3 3 15 26 16 172 261 31.2 C-135 209 209 47.0 CV-22 7 5 12 2.5 E-3 32 32 29.8 E-4 4 4 35.3 F-15C-D 9 90 134 233 25.3 F-15E 4 6 16 72 119 4 221 17.4 F-16 1 21 8 32 205 291 83 24 665 18.2 F-22 69 60 12 141 3.1 H-1 91 91 37.9 H-60 6 14 31 8 9 68 19.4 MC-12 24 1 6 31 1.8 MQ-1 126 126 2.0 MQ-9 30 5 35 1.6 RQ-4 10 6 1 17 2.9 T-1 1 90 88 179 14.9 T-6 161 162 96 12 431 4.0 T-38 456 456 42.2 T-41 4 4 40.1 T-43 7 7 35.4 T-51 3 3 4.1 U-2 2 11 20 33 26.2 UV-18 1 2 3 25.5 Gliders 5 25 1 31 7.7 Total 479 293 218 84 158 416 491 341 1,536 4,016 22.8 Percent 12% 7% 5% 2% 4% 10% 12% 8% 38%

AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 61 Age of the Air National Guard Fleet (As of Sept. 30, 2009)

Age in Years

0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24+ Total Average A-10 92 92 29.1 C-5 33 33 37.8 C-17 8 8 5.5 C-21 4 17 21 24.4 (R)C-26 6 5 11 15.3 C-32 1 1 2 6.2 C-38 2 2 11.5 C-40 1 2 3 6.3 C-130 7 7 7 13 31 35 16 23 62 201 21.4 C-135 173 173 48.4 E-8 2 7 6 2 1 18 9.5 F-15A-D 134 134 29.0 F-16 16 18 140 240 24 438 21.0 H-60 7 10 17 18.7 Total 7 19 17 21 55 65 167 267 535 1,153 26.6 Percent 1% 2% 1% 2% 5% 6% 14% 23% 46%

Age of the Air Force Reserve Command Fleet (As of Sept. 30, 2009)

Age in Years

0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24+ Total Average A-10 55 55 28.9 B-52 9 9 47.6 C-5 5 11 26 42 31.7 C-9 3 3 34.5 C-17 8 1 9 4.7 C-40 3 3 2.2 C-130 1 7 6 4 12 16 19 21 36 122 22.2 C-135 64 64 48.1 F-16 9 44 53 21.8 H-60 15 15 18.7 Total 4 15 7 4 12 16 48 76 193 375 27.7 Percent 1% 4% 2% 1% 3% 4% 13% 20% 51%

ICBMs and Spacecraft in Service (As of Sept. 30, 2009)

Type of system FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 Minuteman III ICBM 500 500 500 450 450 450 450 Peacekeeper ICBM 23 6 0 0 0 0 0 Total ICBMs 523 506 500 450 450 450 450 DMSP satellite 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 DSCS satellite 10 11 9 9 9 9 8 DSP satellite (data classified) — — — — — — — GPS satellite 28 30 29 30 30 31 30 Milstar satellite 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 SBIRS satellite 2 WGS satellite 2 2 45 48 45 46 46 49 52 Total satellites

DMSP: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program; DSCS: Defense Satellite Communications System; DSP: Defense Support Program; GPS: Global Positioning System; SBIRS: Space Based Infrared System; WGS: Wideband Global SATCOM

62 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 USAF Aircraft Tail Markings

Code Aircraft Unit and Location Code Aircraft Unit and Location AC F-16C/D 177th FW (ANG), Atlantic City Arpt., N.J. MN F-16C/D 148th FW (ANG), Duluth Arpt., Minn. AF Gliders, T-41, T-51, UV-18 USAF Academy, Colo. MO F-15C/D, F-15E 366th FW, Mountain Home AFB, Idaho AK C-12F/J, C-17, E-3B, 3rd Wing, JB Elmendorf, MT B-52H 5th BW, Minot AFB, N.D. F-15C, F-22 MT UH-1N 91st MW, Minot AFB, N.D. AK F-16C/D 354th FW, Eielson AFB, Alaska NM F-16C/D 150th FW (ANG), Kirtland AFB, N.M. AK C-17, C-130 176th Wing (ANG), Kulis ANGB, Alaska NY MQ-9 174th RS (ANG), Hancock Fld., N.Y. AL F-16C/D 187th FW (ANG), Montgomery Regional OF RC-135S/U/V/W, TC-135, 55th Wing, Offutt AFB, Neb. Arpt., Ala. OC-135B AT F-16C/D ANG-AFRC Test Center, Tucson Arpt., Ariz. OH F-16C/D 178th FW (ANG), Springfield-Beckley AV F-16C/D 31st FW, Aviano AB, Italy Arpt., Ohio AZ F-16C/D 162nd FW (ANG), Tucson Arpt., Ariz. OH C-130 179th AW (ANG), Mansfield Lahm Arpt., BB T-38A, RQ-4, U-2 9th RW, Beale AFB, Calif. Ohio BB RQ-4, U-2 Det. 2, 53rd Wing, Beale AFB, Calif. OH F-16C/D 180th FW (ANG), Toledo Exp. Arpt., Ohio BC C-21 110th FW (ANG), W. K. Kellogg Arpt., Mich. OK KC-135R 137th ARW (ANG), Will Rogers World BD B-52H, A-10A 917th Wing (AFRC), Barksdale AFB, La. Arpt., Okla. CA HC-130, HH-60 129th RQW (ANG), Moffett Field, Calif. OK F-16C/D 138th FW (ANG), Tulsa Arpt., Okla. CA F-16C/D 144th FW (ANG), Fresno Yosemite Arpt., OK E-3B/C 552nd ACW, Tinker AFB, Okla. Calif. OS A-10, F-16C/D 51st FW, Osan AB, South Korea CA MQ-1 163rd RS (ANG), March ARB, Calif. OT F-15C/D, F-15E, F-16C/D 85th TES, 53rd Wing, Eglin AFB, Fla. CB T-1, T-6, T-38 14th FTW, Columbus AFB, Miss. OT A-10, F-15, F-16A/C, 422nd TES, 53rd Wing, Nellis AFB, Nev. CH MQ-1, MQ-9 432nd Wing, Creech AFB, Nev. F-22 CO F-16C/D 140th Wing (ANG), Buckley AFB, Colo. OT B-52 49th TES, 53rd Wing, Barksdale AFB, La. CR C-130H 302nd AW (AFRC), Peterson AFB, Colo. OT MQ-1 Det. 4, 53rd Wing, Creech AFB, Nev. CT C-21 103rd AW (ANG), Bradley Arpt., Conn. PA A-10A 111th FW (ANG), Willow Grove ARS, Pa. D KC-135 100th ARW, RAF Mildenhall, UK RA T-1A, T-6A, T-38C, T-43A 12th FTW, Randolph AFB, Tex. DC F-16C/D 113th Wing (ANG), JB Andrews, Md. RS C-130E 86th AW, Ramstein AB, Germany DM A-10A/C 355th FW, Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz. SA F-16C/D 149th FW (ANG), Lackland AFB, Tex. DM EC-130E/H 355th Wing, Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz. SC F-16C/D 169th FW (ANG), McEntire ANGS, S.C. DR HH-60G 943rd RQG (AFRC), Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz. SD F-16C/D 114th FW (ANG), Joe Foss Fld., S.D. DY B-1B 7th BW, Dyess AFB, Tex. SJ F-15E 4th FW, Seymour Johnson AFB, N.C. DY B-1B 337th TES, 53rd Wing, Dyess AFB, Tex. SP A-10A/C, F-16C/D 52nd FW, Spangdahlem AB, Germany ED Various 412th TW, Edwards AFB, Calif. SW F-16C/CJ/D 20th FW, Shaw AFB, S.C. EF MQ-1 147th RG (ANG), Ellington Fld., Tex. TD QF-4 53rd Wing, Tyndall AFB, Fla. EL B-1B 28th BW, Ellsworth AFB, S.D. TX F-16C/D 301st FW (AFRC), NAS JRB Fort Worth, EN T-38C 80th FTW, Sheppard AFB, Tex. Tex. ET A-10A, F-15A/B/C/D/E, 46th TW, Eglin AFB, Fla. TY F-15C/D, F-22 325th FW, Tyndall AFB, Fla. F-16A/B/C/D, UH-1N VN T-1, T-6, T-38C 71st FTW, Vance AFB, Okla. FC UH-1N 336th TRG, Fairchild AFB, Wash. WA Various 57th Wing, Nellis AFB, Nev. FE UH-1N 90th MW, F. E. Warren AFB, Wyo. WI F-16C/D 115th FW (ANG), Truax Fld., Wis. FF F-15C/D, F-22 1st FW, JB Langley, Va. WM B-2 72nd TES, 53rd Wing, Whiteman AFB, Mo. FF F-22 192nd FW (ANG), JB Langley, Va. WM B-2A, T-38A 509th BW, Whiteman AFB, Mo. FL HC-130N/P, HH-60G 920th RQW (AFRC), Patrick AFB, Fla. WP F-16C/D 8th FW, Kunsan AB, South Korea FM F-16C/D 482nd FW (AFRC), Homestead ARB, Fla. WV C-130H 130th AW (ANG), Yeager Arpt., W.Va. FS A-10A 188th FW (ANG), Fort Smith Arpt., Ark. WW F-16C/M 35th FW, Misawa AB, Japan FT A-10, HC-130P, HH-60G 23rd Wing, Moody AFB, Ga. XL T-1, T-6, T-38C 47th FTW, Laughlin AFB, Tex. GA E-8C 116th ACW (ACC, ANG), Robins AFB, Ga. YJ C-12J, C-130H, 374th AW, Yokota AB, Japan GA C-130 165th AW (ANG), Savannah Hilton Head UH-1N Arpt., Ga. ZZ E-3B/C, F-15C/D, 18th Wing, Kadena AB, Japan HD QF-4 Det. 1, 53rd Wing, Holloman AFB, N.M. KC-135R/T, HH-60G HH C-17, C-37, C-40 15th AW, JB Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HH C-17, F-15C/D, 154th Wing (ANG), JB Pearl Harbor-Hickam, KC-135R Hawaii HL F-16C/D 388th FW, Hill AFB, Utah HO F-22, MQ-1, MQ-9, T-38A 49th FW, Holloman AFB, N.M. IA F-16C/D 132nd FW (ANG), Des Moines Arpt., Iowa ID A-10 124th Wing (ANG), Boise Air Term., Idaho IN F-16C/D 122nd FW (ANG), Fort Wayne, Ind. JZ F-15C/D 159th FW (ANG), NAS JRB New Orleans KC A-10 442nd FW (AFRC), Whiteman AFB, Mo. KS C-21 45th AS, Keesler AFB, Miss. LA B-52H 2nd BW, Barksdale AFB, La. LF F-16C/D 56th FW, Luke AFB, Ariz. LI HC-130, HH-60 106th RQW (ANG), F. S. Gabreski Arpt., N.Y. LN F-15C/E, HH-60G 48th FW, RAF Lakenheath, UK MA F-15C/D 104th FW (ANG), Barnes Arpt., Mass. MD A-10A/C 175th Wing (ANG), Martin State Arpt., Md. MI A-10 127th Wing (ANG), Selfridge ANGB, Mich. MM UH-1N 341st MW, Malmstrom AFB, Mont. MN C-130H 133rd AW (ANG), Minn.-St. Paul Arpt./ARS

AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 63 USAF Grades and Insignia

Officer Enlisted

Second Lieutenant Brigadier General Airman Basic (O-1) (O-7) (E-1) Master Sergeant No insignia (E-7)

Airman (E-2)

First Lieutenant Major General (O-2) (O-8) Senior Master Sergeant (E-8)

Airman First Class (E-3)

Captain Lieutenant General (O-3) (O-9) Senior Airman (E-4) Chief Master Sergeant (E-9)

Staff Sergeant Major General (E-5) (O-4) (O-10)

Chief Master Sergeant of Technical Sergeant the Air Force (E-6)

Lieutenant Colonel (O-5)

First Sergeant Command Chief Master The diamond device, shown Sergeant here on senior master sergeant The star device shown here stripes, denotes an E-7 through denotes an E-9 who serves in a Colonel E-9 who advises and assists a 9E000 position, formerly known squadron commander in man- as a senior enlisted advisor. (O-6) aging unit activities.

64 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 Awards and Decorations—Currently Awarded Ribbons

Medal of Honor (AF) Air Force Cross Defense Distinguished Distinguished Service Silver Star Service Medal Medal (AF)

Defense Superior Distinguished Flying Airman’s Medal Service Medal Cross

Purple Heart Defense Meritorious Meritorious Service Air Medal Aerial Achievement Service Medal Medal (AF) Medal

Joint Service Air Force Joint Service Air Force Air Force Combat Commendation Medal Commendation Medal Achievement Medal Achievement Medal Action Medal

Presidential Unit Gallant Unit Citation Joint Meritorious Air Force Meritorious Citation (AF) Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Unit Award Unit Award

Air Force Organizational Prisoner of War Medal Combat Readiness Air Force Good Good Conduct Medal Excellence Award Medal Conduct Medal

Air Reserve Forces Outstanding Airman Air Force Recognition National Defense Antarctica Service Meritorious Service Medal of the Year Ribbon Ribbon Service Medal Medal

Armed Forces Southwest Asia Kosovo Campaign Afghanistan Campaign Expeditionary Medal Service Medal Medal Medal

Iraq Campaign Medal Global War on Terrorism Global War on Terrorism Korea Defense Service Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal Service Medal Medal Service Medal

Humanitarian Military Outstanding Air & Space Campaign Air Force Overseas Air Force Overseas Service Medal Volunteer Service Medal Medal Ribbon-Short Ribbon-Long

Air Force Air Force Longevity USAF Basic Military Air Force Recruiter Armed Forces Reserve Expeditionary Service Service Award Ribbon Training Instructor Ribbon Medal Ribbon Ribbon

USAF NCO PME USAF Basic Military Small Arms Expert Air Force Training RVN Gallantry Cross Graduate Ribbon Training Honor Marksmanship Ribbon Ribbon with Palm* Graduate Ribbon

United Nations NATO Meritorious Article 5 NATO Medal- Article 5 NATO Medal- Non-Article 5 NATO Medal Service Medal Eagle Assist Active Endeavor Medal-Balkans

Non-Article 5 NATO Republic of Vietnam Kuwait Liberation Medal, Kuwait Liberation Medal, Medal-ISAF Campaign Medal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Government of Kuwait

*Also awarded with gold, silver, or bronze devices. The gold frame on the ribbon denotes a unit citation; without, an individual citation.

AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010 65 Awards and Decorations—Previously Awarded Ribbons

Pre-World War I World War II Through

Mexican Service American Defense Women’s Army Corps American Campaign Asiatic–Pacific Medal Service Medal Service Medal Medal Campaign Medal

World War I

European–African–Middle World War II for Humane Eastern Campaign Medal Victory Medal Medal Action

Victory Medal

Korean Service Medal Philippine Defense Philippine Liberation Philippine Independence Ribbon Ribbon Ribbon

Philippine Presidential ROK Presidential Unit United Nations Republic of Korea Unit Citation Citation Service Medal Korean War Service Medal Currently Awarded Devices

Bronze Star represents participation in cam- Bronze Valor Device Mobility Device paigns or operations, multiple qualifi- represents second and subsequent represents valor and does not denote is worn with the Armed Forces cations, or an additional award to any entitlements of awards. an additional award. Only one may Reserve Medal to denote active of the various ribbons on which it is be earned on any ribbon. It is worn to duty for at least one day during a authorized. the wearer’s right of any clusters on contingency. A number to the right of the same ribbon. the device denotes the total number of mobilizations.

Silver Oak Leaf Cluster Silver Star represents the sixth, 11th, etc., is worn in the same manner as the entitlements or is worn in lieu of five bronze star, but each is worn in lieu bronze OLCs. A Device of five bronze service stars. is worn with the Overseas Ribbon Hourglass Device Short to denote service north of the is issued for the Armed Forces Arctic Circle. Only one is worn on the Reserve Medal in bronze for 10 years ribbon. It is worn to the wearer’s right of service, silver for 20, and gold for of any clusters on the same ribbon. 30 years. Silver and Bronze Stars Silver/Bronze Oak Leaf Clusters When worn together on a single Silver OLCs are worn to the wearer’s right ribbon, silver stars will be worn to the of the bronze OLCs on the same ribbon. wearer’s right of any bronze star. Previously Awarded Devices Berets

Seven USAF specialties are authorized to wear a colored beret along with the crest of that particular field.

Berlin Airlift Device is worn with the Army of Occupa- tion Medal to denote service of 90 consecutive days in direct support Combat Control Tactical Air Command and Control of the Berlin Airlift, June 26, 1948, to Sept. 30, 1949.

Pararescue Tactical Airlift Liaison Officer/ALO Arrowhead Device is worn with Army and Air Force campaign medals to denote participa- tion in combat parachute, glider, or amphibious assault landing.

Security Forces Weather Parachutist

Disk “Wintered Over” Device is worn with the Antarctica Service Medal to denote multiple “winters over”—bronze for one winter; gold, two; silver, three. Survival Evasion 66 AIR FORCE Magazine / May 2010