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Benthic Macro-Biota in Gaula River-Kumaon Himalaya

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Benthic Macro-Biota in Gaula River-Kumaon Himalaya Benthic macro-biota in Gaula River - Kumaon Himalaya Item Type article Authors Mohan, M. Download date 29/09/2021 05:42:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/33126 J. Indian Fish. Assoc., 32: 49-67, 2005. 49 BENTIDC MACRO-BIOTA IN GAULA RIVER- KUMA ON HIMALAYA* Madan Mohan National Research Centre on Coldwater Fisheries, Bhimtal-263136, Uttaranchal, India. ABSTRACT The density of benthic macro-biota in number over weight of biomass at three sampling stations was 29 units m210.614 g m2 to 171 units m2 I 11.346 m2 at Station I; 22 units m2 I 0.410 g m2 to 155 units m2 I 8.717 m2 at Station II; 15 units m210.321 g m2 to 122 units m 21 6. 793 g m2 at Station III. The Caddis fly larvae was the most dominant component and contributed 52.41% in the macro-biota. These animals were abundant in Gaula river when benthic algae were abundant, water is well oxygenated, alkaline and contains sufficient nutrients but observed to be less abundant during high velocity of water, high river depth and higher turbid waters. Keywords : Benthic, Macro-Biota, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera INTRODUCTION from Himachal Pradesh ; Badola and Singh (1981), Nautiyal (1984, 1986), Though Bhatt & Pathak (1991, 1992), Pathak & Bhatt (1991); Pandey, Dobriyal (1985), Dobriyal and Singh ( 1988), Singh and N autiyal (1990) from et al., (1991); and Pathani (1990) have published bio-ecology ofKumaon rivers Garhwal region of Uttaranchal. i.e. Sarju, Gomti, Ramganga, Paner, Kosi & Gaula. Bartarya, yet information MATERIAL AND METHODS on the diversity and abundance of Monthly samples of macro-benthic macro-benthic fauna vis a vis the animals were collected by employing ecological conditions prevailing is "the kick net method" in which 1 square scarce. From elsewhere, macro­ metre stream bed area was enclosed invertebrate assemblages and their with net fabricated from fine mesh, soft composition have been worked out by and flexible monofilament material. This by several researchers such as Sehgal is the most suitable method for streams (1966, 1988, 1990, 1991) and Sunder like Gaula whose substratum is rough, and Subia (1986) from Jammu and rocky and depth of the stream varied at Kashmir ; Sehgal ( 1971 ), Sehgal et al, intervals. During net operations, lower (1971), Sehgal (1990) and Joshi (1991) part of the net was held in position at *Formed part of the thesis for the award of Ph.D. degree by Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U. P. 50 MADAN MOHAN the stream bottom. The substratum was RESULTS disturbed immediately upstream of the Considering their concentration in net. The stones were turned over and number over weight of biomass at three scrubbed by hand and foot kicking of 2 sampling stations, it was 29 units m- / small pebbles to dislodge all benthic 0.614 g m-2 in August (minimum) to forms. When kicking the stones was 171 units m-2/11.346 g m-2 in February over, enclosure was immediately lifted 2 (maximum) at Station I; 22 units m- / out of water and entire fauna collected 0.410 g m -2 in August to 155 units m- and preserved in 5-10% formalin for 2/ 8.717 g m-2 at Station II; and 15 units further detailed analysis. m-2/0.321 g m-2 in August and 122 units In Gaul a river, substratum near m-2! 6.793 g m- 2 in February at Station Herakhan ( Station I) comprised of big III. Table 1 and Figure 1, show the and small stones and boulders ; at Station density of benthic macro-biota during II near proposed Jamrani Dam site has different months at three stations. The small and big stones and sandy ; at minima and maxima of macro-benthic Station III near Ranibagh, the site is animals seem to be primarily correlated mostly of sand, small pebbles and small with hydrological conditions in the stones. It appears that macro-benthic streams. During heavy precipitation in fauna in Gaula river prefer river bed the catchment areas of the Gaula river, substratum comprised of small and big the substratum material including stones and boulders where average boulders, stones and gravels etc. get density of fauna was almost double when rolled down for a considerable distance compared with sandy habitats at Station resulting in 'wash off' of the existing III. Epeorus were also collected by life which otherwise were the homes washing clusters of filamentous green providing anchorage in fast flowing algae Zy gnema and Tribonema in streams. The quantitative analysis at September 1993 at Station I and in three sampling stations revealed that October 1993 at Station II. The nymphs these animals once again got colonised of Rhithrogenia were collected from at the substratum with recession of small crevices of submerged stones with heavy floods reaching at their peak in the help of a dropper. But midge larvae winter months. particularly Chironomus in their early The average annual numerical larval forms .were found accumulated densities were 80.27 units per square along with lesser density of Atherix metre at Station I, 67.5 units per square under a thin algal biofilm near the bank metre at Station II and 41.94 units per of river in the month of September 1993 square metre at Station III. The when water velocity at these two estimated average density of macro­ sampling stations was considerable. biota in river Gaula from Herakhan to 2 Table 1. Monthwise numbers of standing crop(indlm ) and percentage composition of different groups of benthic macro-fauna (pooled data) of River Gaula. - Month ind./m2 Wet biomass Percentage composition ? (g/m-) Ephem. Odonata Plecop. Hemip. Coleop. Tric. Diptera Arthr. Fish Jul.y 1992 27 1.260 25.93 - - - 25.93 29.63 18.51 - - OJ m August 22 0.504 9.09 4.54 4.55 - 9.09 18.18 54.55 z -1 September 32 1.454 15.63 6.25 9.37 - 3.12 28.13 34.37 - 3.13 I October 71 3.471 19.72 8.45 5.63 1.41 2.82 52.11 8.45 0.94 0.47 0 $:: November 114 5.677 16.67 2.63 6.14 1.75 2.63 65.79 3.51 - 0.88 )> () December 78 4.610 16.67 3.85 2.56 - 7.70 64.10 3.84 - 1.28 :0 0 January 1993 77 6.295 14.28 6.50 - - 1.30 58.44 18.18 0.98 0.32 I OJ February 111 8.752 32.43 2.70 4.50 - 3.60 48.65 8.12 - - 0 March 35 2.620 5.71 2.86 5.71 - - 77.15 8.57 - - );! April 41 3.575 7.32 - - - 2.44 80.48 9.76 - - z May 74 5.962 5.40 5.40 - - 5.40 67.58 10.81 2.81 2.60 {j) )> June 54 3.256 11.11 1.85 1.85 - 11.11 61.12 11.11 0.46 1.39 c r July 41 1.493 17.07 2.44 - - 31.71 36.58 12.20 - - )> August 29 0.598 10.34 3.45 - - 17.24 13.80 55.17 - - :0 September 57 1.516 15.80 3.51 7.02 - - 3.50 70.17 - - <m :0 October 88 2.686 10.23 9.08 6.82 - 4.55 62.50 6.82 November 118 3.753 18.64 4.23 9.32 3.39 8.48 50.85 3.39 0.24 1.46 December 70 2.653 24.29 - 1.43 - 21.43 50.00 2.85 Ind. = Individuals ; Ephenz. = Ephmneroptera; Plecop. = Plecoptera; Hemip. = Hemiptera; Colep. = Coleptera; Tric. = Trichoptpra; Arthr. = Arthropoda. 01 ...... 52 MADAN MOHAN .....CD ~ .Q ~:11 }=~ r::J ~~ u i::• u ·r:::· 0• c Cl 0 Q q~ ·c:~ q:1 ,.,. 'l"l.ll ll:lt}l •:Cc 'if ·T·.JI "" ;:-~ 0 tt• ·!D r.-4 ~ "" "'' ~::::. r:;:cli:-IJ-.!33 (w "brlili ]1!10 "PUt:l SOi4J:.N!jjf:l ·~----·-~------~~~--~--~~----~-~~~- ~ e(j ~ ·I -~ Q :S t:: ;z CD rQ Ill ~ •W \:)) < u: -:J y ~ :::¥! ~ <if 0 :;z :::¥! LL "' CJ '""'L r[) •(I') ~.a: -:J 0 'J 1=1 c~ 0 0 !J!l• Q !..WI 0 0 ~.1 0 0 0 r::J" 1:,) "'' , f;"'>!· .;;! ,!.'1::1 r..-t;:• "l!r r.tf. "'""' (·m·:t.~J 1~d p ~~li' SC,HJJ•J31tl - BENTHIC MACRO-BIOTA IN GAULA RIVER 53 Ranibagh, a stretch of about 20 km was Plecoptera-The stone fly nymphs 63 units per square metre. Table 1 gives mainly occurred in good numbers after the data in a pooled manner at the three southwest monsoon rains and during stations. spring and were not available during winter months. They were represented The analysis of samples collected by Perla, Chloroperla, Nemura and _from three stations show that nymphs, larvae and imagoes of insects amongst Leuctra. Arthropoda contributed nearly 99% of Hemiptera-Water bugs were very the total benthic macro-:-biota. Amongst rare in their occurrence and contributed the insects nymphs/ larvae of Odonata, insignificantly at all the three stations Ephemeroptera. Plecoptera, (Table 5) They were represented by Trichoptera, Hemiptera, larvae and Micronecta, and Corixa .. adults of Coleoptera and larvae of Trichoptera-The caddis fly larvae Diptera occurred in 4.13%, 16.49%, was the most dominant component of 3.86%, 52.41%, 0.67%, 7.30% and aquatic insects community in Gaula 14.06% respectively at thethree stations river and was available throughout the (Figure 2; Table 2). In the following year. In pooled data for the three paragraphs, seasonal variations and stations their share was estimated as abundance of major groups of macro­ 52.41%.
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