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How Do They Add to the Disaster Potential in Uttarakhand?

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South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People

Uttarakhand: Existing, under construction and proposed Hydropower Projects:

How do they add to the disaster potential in Uttarakhand?

As Uttarakhand faced unprecedented flood disaster and as the issue of contribution of hydropower projects in this disaster was debated, one question for which there was no clear answer is, how many hydropower projects are there in various river basins of Uttarakhand? How many of them are operating hydropower projects, how many are under construction and how many more are planned? How projects are large (over 25 MW installed capacity), small (1-25 MW) and mini-mirco (less than 1 MW installed capacity) in various basins at various stages. This document tries to give a picture of the status of various hydropower projects in various sub basins in Uttarakhand, giving a break up of projects at various stages.

River Basins in Uttarakhand Entire Uttarakhand is

part of larger Ganga basin. The Ganga River is a

Uttarakhand has 98 operating hydropower projects (all sizes) with combined capacity close to 3600 MW. However, out of this capacity, about 1800 MW is in central sector and 503 MW in private sector, making it uncertain how much power from these projects the state will get. Moreover, it is universally true that local communities never get the power from large hydro projects.

trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The 2,525 km long river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganga begins at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers and forms what we have called Ganga sub basin till the Ganga river exits Uttarakhand. Besides Bhagirathi, Alaknanda and Ganga sub basin, other river basins of Uttarakhand include: Yamuna, Ramganga (Western
Ramganga is taken as Ramganga basin in this document, eastern Ramganga is considered part of Sharda basin) and Sharda. Sharda sub basin includes eastern Ramganga, Goriganga, Dhauliganga, Kaliganga and part of Mahakali basin.

Existing hydropower projects in Uttarakhand In the table below we have given the sub basin wise list

of existing hydropower projects in Uttarakhand along with their capacities. The list has been prepared based on various sources including Central Electricity Authority, Uttarakhand Jal Vidhyut Nigam (UJVNL), Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Authority (UREDA) and Report of Inter Ministerial Group on Ganga basin.

Table 1: Existing Hydropower projects in Uttarakhand

  • Projects
  • Installed Capacity (MW)

Projects in Alaknanda River Basin

1. Vishnu Prayag (P) 2. Tilwara 3. Soneprayag
400 0.2 0.5

  • 3
  • 4. Urgam

5. Badrinath II 6. Rajwakti (P) 7. Tapowan
1.25 3.6
1

  • 8. Jummagad
  • 1.2

7.2
5
13.5
15
9. Birahi Ganga (P) 10. Deval (P Chamoli Hydro P Ltd on Pinder) 11. Rishiganga (P) 12. Vanala (P Hima Urja P Ltd Banala stream)

  • 13. Kaliganga I (ADB)
  • 4

  • Alaknanda Total
  • 455.45

Projects in Bhagirathi River Basin

14. Maneri Bhali-1 (Tiloth) 15. Maneri Bahli-2 16. Tehri St-I 17. Koteshwar 18. Harsil
90 304 1000 400 0.2

  • 19. Pilangad
  • 2.25

3
22.5
20. Agunda Thati (P Gunsola hydro Balganga river) 21. Bhilangana (P - Swasti)

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22. Bhilangana III (P - Polyplex) 23. Hanuman Ganga (P – Regency Aqua)

Bhagirathi Total

24
4.95

1850.9
Projects in Ganga River sub basin downstream of confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda

24. Chilla 25. Pathri
144 20.4

  • 26. Mohamadpur
  • 9.3

  • Ganga sub basin Total
  • 173.7

Projects in Ramganga basin

27. Ramganga 28. Surag
198
7

  • 29. Loharkhet (P Parvatiya Power P Ltd Bageshwar)
  • 4.8

0.2 0.3 0.2

210.5

30. Kotabagh 31. Sapteshwar 32. Gauri

Ramganga Total
Projects in Sharda River Basin

33. Dhauliganga 34. Tanakpur 35. Khatima 36. Chirkilla 37. Taleshwar 38. Suringad 39. Relagad 40. Garaon
280 94.2 41.4 1.5 0.6 0.8
3
0.3
41 Charandev 42. Barar 43. Kulagad 44. Kanchauti

Sharda Total

0.4 0.75 1.2
2

426.15
Projects in Yamuna River Basin

  • 45. Chibro
  • 240

33.75
51
46. Dhakrani 47. Dhalipur

  • 48. Kulhal
  • 30

  • 49. Khodri
  • 120

  • 50. Galogi
  • 3

51. Tharali

Yamuna Total Grand Total

0.4

478.15 3594.85

Note: (P) in the bracket suggests the project is in private sector, throughout this document. The eastern Ramganga river, which is part of Sharda basin, is included in Sharda basin. Where-ever Ramganga river is mentioned in this document, it refers to Western Ramganga, which is a tributary of Ganga.

In the next table we have given available list of existing mini and micro hydropower projects in Uttarakhand, based on UREDA information.

Table 1: List of projects up to 1 MW under operation

SN

12345678

Project

Milkhet

  • Ins Cap (MW)
  • Dist
  • Basin

0.1
*
Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Rudraprayag Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar
Alaknanda

  • Alaknanda
  • Bamiyal

Bursol Choting Ghagaria Ghagaria Extension Ghes Gulari Niti Sarma Wan

  • 0.2
  • Alaknanda

  • 0.1
  • Alaknanda

  • 0.1
  • Alaknanda

  • *
  • Alaknanda

  • 0.1
  • Alaknanda

  • 0.2
  • Alaknanda

  • 9
  • 0.025

0.1 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.2
Alaknanda

Alaknanda Nandakini/ Maini Gad

Alaknanda Alaknanda Pinder

Alaknanda Dhauliganga/Ganesh Ganga

Alaknanda
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Bank Gamsali Bampa Kedarnath II Badiyakot Kunwari Borbalada

  • 0.1
  • Alaknanda

0.05 0.025
Alaknanda

Alaknanda Pindar/ Chhiyaldi Gad

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South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

  • Dokti
  • 0.02

**
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.05
*
Bageshwar Pauri Tehri Tehri UttarKashi Pauri Pauri Pauri Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Nainital Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Bageshwar Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Bageshwar Bageshwar Almora

Alaknanda

Alaknanda/ Ganga Bhagirathi

Bhagirathi Bhilangana/Balganga Bhagirathi Kedar Ganga

Ganga Ramganga Ramganga Ramganga Ramganga
Dior IInd Phase Chandrabhaga Gad Jakhana Gangotri-I Kanwashram Bilkot Dior Ist Phase Gogina II Sattshwar Toli Ramgarh Lathi Liti Liti-II Ratmoli
Ramganga

  • Ramganga
  • 0.1

  • 0.1
  • E Ramganga/Sharda

E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda E Ramganga/Sharda Sharda Sharda Sharda Saryu Sharda Saryu

Sharda Saryu/Jataya Ganga Yamuna Tons/ Gattu Gad

Yamuna
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5
Baghar Baicham Jugthana Kanol gad Karmi Karmi -III Karmi-II Bhikuriya Gad Kanchauti Lamabager Lamchula Tarula
*
0.20 0.05 0.10 0.025 0.02
Taluka Bhadri Gad
Uttarkashi Tehri
From http://ahec.org.in/, capacity of some of the projects is as per the UJVNL website. The capacity comes to 3.815 MW for the 41 projects for which capacity is available. * means capacity is not known.

Overview of hydropower Projects in Uttarakhand Based on above two tables, in the following table we

have provided an overview of operating hydropower projects and their capacity, with basin wise and size wise break up. Uttarakhand has total of 98 existing hydropower projects, with total installed capacity of close to 3600 MW. At least eleven of these projects are in private sector with total capacity of over 503 MW. An additional about 1800 MW capacity is in central sector. It means that majority of the power generation capacity in the state is not owned by the state and there is no guarantee how much of that power would be available to the state.

Table 2: Basin wise number of operating hydro projects in Uttarakhand

  • Basin
  • Large Hydro projects

(above 25 MW)

  • Small Hydro
  • Mini-micro Hydro
  • Total Hydro projects

  • projects (1-25 MW)
  • projects (below 1 MW)

No of projects
Capacity, MW
No of Projects

  • Capacity No of
  • Capacity No of
  • Capacity,

  • MW
  • , MW
  • Projects
  • , MW
  • Projects

Alaknanda Bhagirathi Ganga Sub basin
141
400
1794
144
10
52
54.75
56.7 29.7
21
41
2.22
0.4 0.1
32 13
4
456.97 1851.1 173.8

Ramganga Sharda Yamuna

TOTAL

135
198
415.6 474.75

3426.35

241
11.8
7.7
3
9
21
3
1.05 4.45
0.445

8.665

12 28
9
210.85 427.75
478.195

  • 3598.665
  • 15
  • 24
  • 163.65
  • 59
  • 98

Here we should note that as per the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy sources, in Uttarakhand, by March 2013, 98 small hydro schemes has been installed with total capacity of 170.82 MW. If we add the small and mini-micro projects in above table, we have 83 operating schemes with installed capacity of 172.315 MW. This mis-match is not possible to resolve since MNRE does not provide full list of operating SHPs in Uttarakhand.

Under Construction Hydropower projects in Uttarakhand In the table below we have given available

list of under construction hydropower projects in Uttarakhand. Actual list of under construction projects is

  • August 2013
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South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People

likely to be larger than this, since clear and upto-date information is not available on official website. The list does not include the mini and micro hydropower projects that are under construction. Even in case of small hydro projects (1-25 MW capacity), the list is not complete. According to this list, 25 projects with 2376.3 MW capacity are under construction in Uttarakhand. 6 of them are large hydropower projects and rest 19 are small hydro projects. Of the 6 large hydropower projects, three are in private sector and three are in central sector, none in state sector.

Table 3: List of Hydropower Projects under construction

SN

12345678

Project

Srinagar

Ins Cap (MW)

330 76

  • Dist
  • Sub-Basin

  • Pauri
  • Alaknanda

  • Alaknanda
  • Phata- Byung

Singoli-Bhatwari Lata Tapovan Tapovan Vishnugad Madhmaheshwar (ADB) Kaliganga-II (ADB) Bgyunderganga (P) Birahi Ganga-I (P) Devali (P)
Rudraprayag Rudraprayag Chamoli

  • 99
  • Alaknanda

171 520 10 6
24.3
24
Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda
Chamoli Rudrprayag Rudrprayag Chamoli

  • 9
  • Chamoli

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

  • 13
  • Chamoli
  • Alaknanda

Kail ganga Khiraoganga (P) Sobla I Hafla Nigol Gad
548
0.2
Chamoli Pinder Uttarkashi Pithoragarh Chamoli Chamoli Bageshwar Tehri Uttarkashi Uttarkashi Uttarkashi Uttarkashi Uttarkashi Tehri Garhwal Uttarkashi Uttarkashi Tehri Uttarkashi Tehri Tehri Pauri Pauri Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Pithoragarh Uttarakashi Uttarakashi
Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Hafla Gad Alaknanda Nigal Gad

Alaknanda Pindar/SunderDhunga Gad

Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bhagirathi Bal Ganga Bhagirathi Bal Ganga Ganga sub basin Ganga sub basin E Nayar

Sharda E Ramganga/Rotan Sharda Kali/ Nati Yanki Sharda Kali/ Nagling Yanki Sharda Dhauli Ganga/ Seal Gad

Sharda Kali

Sharda Kali/ Piear Yanki Sharda Kali/ Pulung Gad Sharda Kali/ Dangiang Yanki Yamuna Supin/Chilude Gad Yamuna Supin/Khapu Gad

0.1

  • Wachham
  • 0.50

1000
4.5 4.5
2
3.5
9724
12.5
6
11.5 0.2 0.05 1.5 0.25 0.05 0.025 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.04
Tehri stage-II Asiganga-I Asiganga-II Suwarigad Limchagad Kaldigad (ADB) Balganga-II Jalandhari Gad (P) Kakora Gad (P) Kot-Buda Kedar (P) Siyangad (P) KotiJhala Pinsward Dunao Gaudi Chida Rotan Duktu Nagling Sela Kutty Napalchu Bundi Rongkong Chiludgad Khapu Gad

  • Total Under Construction
  • 2378.115 MW

Note: Projects like Loharinag Pala, Pala Maneri, Bhairoghati and other projects along Bhagirathi upstream of Uttarkashi along the Eco Sensitive zone have been dropped from this list. Rest of the list is from the IMG report or from UJVNL website. P in the bracket indicates the project is in privte sector. ADB in the bracket indicates that the project is funded by the Asian Development Bank.

Proposed hydropower projects in Uttarakhand In following tables we have provided available list of

proposed hydropower projects in the Alaknanda, Bhagirathi, Yamuna, Sharda and Ramganga basins in Uttarakhand. The list is likely to be longer than the list in these tables since full and upto-date information is not available. Also there are different agencies involved in proposing, sanctioning and executing these projects and there is no one agency who would provide comprehensive picture of what is happening in the basin. However, even this available list is frightening.

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Table 4: Proposed Hydropower projects in Alaknanda Basin

SN

12345678

  • Project
  • Ins Cap (MW)

444 320 300 252 530 300 280 100 108 55

  • Dist
  • Sub-Basin

Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Ganga sub basin Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Pinder Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Ganga sub basin Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Alaknanda Ganga sub basin

Status

Vishnugad Pipalkoti (WB) Kotli Bhel (IB) Alaknanda (P Badrinath) Devsari Dam Kotli Bhel II Bowla Nandprayag Tamak Lata Nand Prayag Jelam Tamak Maleri Jelam Rishiganga I Rishiganga II Gohana Tal Rambara
Chamoli Pauri Chamoli Chamoli Pauri

Construction to be started EAC ok/FAC u/consideration EC & FC ok IA not signed EC & FC ok CEA concrnce? EAC ok/FAC u/consideration EAC TOR Approved EC ok, DPR under revision DPR returned EAC ok in June 2013 PFR prepared PFR prepared PFR prepared PFR prepared IMG report

Chamoli Chamoli

  • 9
  • Chamoli

  • Chamoli
  • 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

  • 70
  • Chamoli

  • 35
  • Chamoli

  • 60
  • Chamoli

24 24
Rudraprayag

  • Chamoli
  • Birahi Ganga-II (P)

Melkhet (P) Urgam-II Bhyunder Ganga Nand Pyayag Langasu Rambara

DPR under revision Proposed Under S&I FC under consideration EAC TOR Approved EAC TOR u/consideration Proposed

  • 56
  • Chamoli

Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Rudraprayag Chamoli
3.8 243 141 76
Bagoli Bangri
90

  • 44
  • Chamoli

Pinder

Madhya Maheshwar Ming Nalgaon Padli
350 114 66
Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli

Proposed Pinder Proposed

Thapli Utyasu-I Utyasu-II Utyasu-III Utyasu-IV Utyasu-V Utyasu-VI Rampur Tilwari Chunni semi Kosa

  • 44
  • Chamoli

Proposed

  • 70
  • Chamoli

Proposed

205 195 125 80
Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli

Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed

  • 70
  • Chamoli

Proposed

25 24 24
Rudraprayag Rudraprayag Chamoli

Proposed Proposed Mandakini Dhauliganga

Vijay nagar- Rampur Nandakini-III Nayar
20
19.5
17
Rudraprayag Chamoli Pauri

Proposed Proposed Nayar

Alaknanda I Buara Duna Giri Alaknanda II Balkhila-II Mandani Ganga Rishiganga Subhain

  • 15
  • Chamoli

Proposed

14 10
Bageshwar Chamoli

Pindar Dhauliganga

  • 10
  • Chamoli

Proposed

  • 10
  • Chamoli

Proposed

10
8.25
8
Rudraprayag Chamoli Chamoli

Mandakini Mandani ganga Proposed Dhauliganga

Son Kalp ganga Lustar
7
6.25
666
Rudraprayag Chamoli Rudraprayag Rudraprayag Chamoli

Mandakini son gad Proposed kalpganga Mandakini Lustar Mandakini madmaheshwar Dhauliganga

Madhya maheshwar -II Hom 6 Amrit ganga Gaddi Deval Ghrit Ganga Jumma Ringi Tamak Balkhila-I Basti –I Basti –II
6
5.25
5
Chamoli Chamoli Chamoli

Amrit ganga balsuti gadera dhauliganga Gaddi Gadera Proposed

  • 5
  • Chamoli

Proposed

  • 5
  • Chamoli

Proposed

5.5
5
Chamoli Chamoli

Dhauliganga Proposed

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  • LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)

    LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)

    List of important cities on river (India) The following is a list of the cities in India through which major rivers flow. S.No. City River State 1 Gangakhed Godavari Maharashtra 2 Agra Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 3 Ahmedabad Sabarmati Gujarat 4 At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Saraswati 5 Ayodhya Sarayu Uttar Pradesh 6 Badrinath Alaknanda Uttarakhand 7 Banki Mahanadi Odisha 8 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 9 Baranagar Ganges West Bengal 10 Brahmapur Rushikulya Odisha 11 Chhatrapur Rushikulya Odisha 12 Bhagalpur Ganges Bihar 13 Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal 14 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 15 New Delhi Yamuna Delhi 16 Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Assam 17 Deesa Banas Gujarat 18 Ferozpur Sutlej Punjab 19 Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam 20 Haridwar Ganges Uttarakhand 21 Hyderabad Musi Telangana 22 Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh 23 Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh 24 Kota Chambal Rajasthan 25 Jammu Tawi Jammu & Kashmir 26 Jaunpur Gomti Uttar Pradesh 27 Patna Ganges Bihar 28 Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh 29 Srinagar Jhelum Jammu & Kashmir 30 Surat Tapi Gujarat 31 Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh 32 Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh 33 Vadodara Vishwamitri Gujarat 1 Source – Wikipedia S.No. City River State 34 Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 35 Modasa Mazum Gujarat 36 Mirzapur Ganga Uttar Pradesh 37 Morbi Machchu Gujarat 38 Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 39 Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 40 Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka 41 Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh 42 Rangpo Teesta Sikkim 43 Rajkot Aji Gujarat 44 Gaya Falgu (Neeranjana) Bihar 45 Fatehgarh Ganges
  • National Ganga River Basin Authority (Ngrba)

    National Ganga River Basin Authority (Ngrba)

    NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY (NGRBA) Public Disclosure Authorized (Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India) Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized Volume I - Environmental and Social Analysis March 2011 Prepared by Public Disclosure Authorized The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi i Table of Contents Executive Summary List of Tables ............................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1 National Ganga River Basin Project ....................................................... 6 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Ganga Clean up Initiatives ........................................................................... 6 1.3 The Ganga River Basin Project.................................................................... 7 1.4 Project Components ..................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.1 Objective ...................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1.2 Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization & Program Management 9 1.4.1.3 Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider .......... 9 1.4.1.4 Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator ... 10 1.4.2.1 Objective ...................................................................................................
  • IYB-2010 and Countdown 2010 Celebration a Brief Activity Report

    IYB-2010 and Countdown 2010 Celebration a Brief Activity Report

    IYB-2010 and Countdown 2010 Celebration A Brief Activity Report By Santosh Kumar Sahoo, Ph.D. Chairman Conservation Himalayas 977/2, Sector 41-A, Chandigarh, U.T.India Tel.: +91 90 23 36 51 04 / +91 17 23 02 73 28 Email: [email protected] The Uttarakhand region of the northwestern Himalayas in India has a rich biodiversity all across its landscapes, particularly in its terai-bhabar region in its southern edge. The wildlife biodiversity in the terai-bhabar belt of Uttarakhand is found in Corbett National Park and the Rajaji National Park as well as all across its landscapes from the Asan barrage conservation reserve at Kalsi in the extreme west up to Sharda river in the extreme east bordering with western Nepal. Poaching, forest fire and wildlife body part trade continue to remain as serious threats to the wildlife in the Uttarakhand region. Illegal poaching of leopards and prey animals occurs in the tiger range areas of Uttarakhand state raising the level of threats to the endangered tiger (Panthera tigri tigris) population in its terai-bhabar tiger range areas. In the recent years, the human population in the fringe villages along the terai-bhabar belt in Uttarakhand shows signs of increase coupled with illiteracy and poverty, and their dependency on the local natural resources in the form of cattle grazing, fuel wood and fodder collection is on the rise. Threats to the tiger population are on rise as some of the recent tiger deaths particularly in the buffer zone areas of the reserve forests in the terai tiger habitats have reportedly been found to have links with poaching and tiger body part trade related activities (tiger skins, bones confiscated in village Fatehpur at Haldwani under the Ramnagar Forest Division.
  • Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts

    Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts

    256 MAUSAM, 62, 2 (April 2011) Das, P. K., 1988, “The Monsoons”, National Book Trust, New Delhi. E. KULANDAIVELU M. SOUNDARARAJ* Kulandaivelu, E., 1996, “Glacier Expedition–An experience”, Vayu M. V. GUHAN Mandal, 26, 3-4, 85-88. Puniah, K. B. and De, A. C., 1974, “Cloud burst over Calcutta Airport”, Indain J. Met. Hydrol. & Geophysics, 25, 3 & 4, 503-504. Regional Meteorological Centre, Chennai-6. *Meteorological Office, Airport, Tiruchirapalli. Rauf, M. A., 1978, “Some aspects of cloud burst at the onset of southwest monsoon”, Indian J. Met. Hydrol. & Geophysics, 29, (Received 5 November 2008, Modified 4 August 2010) 1 & 2, 453-458. e mail : [email protected] 551.509.324.2 : 551.509.335 : 556.51 resulting rainstorms over Gomti catchment and prepared synoptic analogue of forecast range for areal rainfall. Ram SEMI - QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION et al. (1999) also studied similar type of synoptic situation FORECASTS FOR RIVER SHARDA CATCHMENT for semi quantitative precipitation forecast in Ghaghara BY SYNOPTIC ANALOGUE METHOD catchment. 1. The technique of synoptic analogue is the most Table 1 shows the details of all gauge sites of Sharda convenient method from the view of day-to-day River for flood forecasting purposes. Statement showing operational forecasting. The dominant factor in by middle Ganga division-1 Central water commission forecasting qualitative precipitation amount is the synoptic Lucknow in “Flood Appraisal Report, Monsoon season, meteorological situation. Out of all the aspects of 2005”. Meteorology and Climatology of river basin, the most important for flood forecasting are the conditions under which flood producing heavy rains are possible in the The present paper also attempts to predict the basin.
  • Uttarakhand Flash Flood

    Uttarakhand Flash Flood

    Uttarakhand Flash Flood drishtiias.com/printpdf/uttarakhand-flash-flood Why in News Recently, a glacial break in the Tapovan-Reni area of Chamoli District of Uttarakhand led to massive Flash Flood in Dhauli Ganga and Alaknanda Rivers, damaging houses and the nearby Rishiganga power project. In June 2013, flash floods in Uttarakhand wiped out settlements and took lives. Key Points Cause of Flash Flood in Uttarakhand: It occurred in river Rishi Ganga due to the falling of a portion of Nanda Devi glacier in the river which exponentially increased the volume of water. Rishiganga meets Dhauli Ganga near Raini. So Dhauli Ganga also got flooded. Major Power Projects Affected: Rishi Ganga Power Project: It is a privately owned 130MW project. Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Project on the Dhauliganga: It was a 520 MW run-of-river hydroelectric project being constructed on Dhauliganga River. Several other projects on the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi river basins in northwestern Uttarakhand have also been impacted by the flood. 1/4 Flash Floods: About: These are sudden surges in water levels generally during or following an intense spell of rain. These are highly localised events of short duration with a very high peak and usually have less than six hours between the occurrence of the rainfall and peak flood. The flood situation worsens in the presence of choked drainage lines or encroachments obstructing the natural flow of water. Causes: It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash Floods can also occur due to Dam or Levee Breaks, and/or Mudslides (Debris Flow).
  • Melt Water Characteristics of Gangotri Glacier, Headwater of Ganga River Manohar Arora* & Jatin Malhotra National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

    Melt Water Characteristics of Gangotri Glacier, Headwater of Ganga River Manohar Arora* & Jatin Malhotra National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

    Roorkee Water Conclave 2020 Melt Water Characteristics of Gangotri Glacier, Headwater of Ganga River Manohar Arora* & Jatin Malhotra National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India Abstract: Behavior of glacier plays an important role in runoff delaying characteristics of the glacier. Changes in delaying characteristics of the runoff over the melt season can be understood by studying the variation in time to peak (tp) and time-lag (t1) between melt generation and its emergence as runoff. In this study, the runoff delaying characteristics of the Gangotri Glacier in the Garhwal Himalayas (glacierized area 286 km2; drainage area 556 km2) have been studied. For this purpose, hourly discharge and temperature data were monitored near the snout of the glacier for the entire ablation period (May-October, 2010). In the early stages of the ablation period, poor drainage network and stronger storage characteristics of the glaciers due to the presence of seasonal snow cover resulted in a much delayed response of melt water, providing a higher tl and tp. In the beginning of melt season, the night time flow is almost equal to day time flow, but in the later part of the melt season, night time flow is slightly lower than the day time flow. This analysis suggests that storage characteristics are much stronger in the early part of melt season and reduce as the melt season progresses. Keywords: Gangotri Glacier, Himalayas, Melt Season, Runoff Delay Characteristics, Storage Characteristics 1. Introduction Glaciers fed rivers provide much of the water supply in some parts of the world. All the major south Asian rivers originate in the Himalayan and their upper catchments are covered with snow and glaciers.
  • 'Glacial Burst' in Uttarakhand

    'Glacial Burst' in Uttarakhand

    7 killed after ‘glacial burst’ in Uttarakhand Over 125 missing as hydel projects under construction on Rishiganga, Dhauliganga rivers are swept away SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT del project had an installed NEW DELHI capacity of 13.2 megawatts Seven persons were killed (MW), the 520 MW NTPC Ta- and over 125 reported mis- povan-Vishnugad project on sing after a “glacial burst” on the Dhauliganga was much Nanda Devi triggered an ava- larger. Both sites have been lanche and caused flash virtually washed away, an floods in Rishiganga and eyewitness told this new- Dhauliganga rivers in Cha- spaper. moli district of Uttarakhand Earlier in the day, Mr. Ra- on Sunday. wat said people along river- The number of missing banks were being evacuated. persons could rise as details Dams in Shrinagar and Rishi- were still being ascertained, kesh were emptied out, Mr. Uttarakhand Chief Minister Rawat said as the raging wa- T.S. Rawat said at a press ters made their way down- conference in Dehradun in stream. By late afternoon, the evening. Narrow escape: A worker being rescued from a tunnel at the the flow of the Alaknanda, of Videos of gushing waters Tapovan hydel project, which was washed away after the which the Dhauliganga is a and rising dust went viral on glacial burst in Uttarakhand on Sunday. * SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT tributary, had stabilised. social media as flood warn- Apart from the local pol- ings were issued in down- about the cause behind the povan tunnel of the NTPC ice and the Indo-Tibetan Bor- stream Uttar Pradesh for disaster,” the Chief Minister had to be halted due to a rise der Police (ITBP), four co- what was described as a “gla- told reporters.
  • Kedarnath Flash Floods: a Hydrological and Hydraulic Simulation Study

    Kedarnath Flash Floods: a Hydrological and Hydraulic Simulation Study

    RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS Kedarnath flash floods: a hydrological nami3,4. Experts say that it is another alarm regarding the impact of rapid climate change on the environment3,5. and hydraulic simulation study Unprecedented destruction by the rainfall witnessed in Uttarakhand was attributed to a unique meteorological K. H. V. Durga Rao*, V. Venkateshwar Rao, event by environmentalists due to unscientific develop- V. K. Dadhwal and P. G. Diwakar mental activities undertaken in recent decades contribut- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, ing to loss of lives and property. The satellite imageries Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, India show that massive landslides occurred in the upstream northeast region of the Kedarnath valley due to high- The recent floods in the Kedarnath area, Uttarakhand intensity rainfall6. In the present work, hydrological and are a classic example of flash floods in the Mandakini hydraulic simulation study was carried out on the Man- River that devastated the country by killing thousands dakini River to understand the events which took place in of people besides livestock. Though the duration of the the Kedarnath valley during 10–18 June 2013. The disas- event was small compared to other flood disasters in the country, it resulted in severe damage to property ter was due to an integrated effect of heavy rainfall inten- and life. Post-disaster satellite images depict that the sity, sudden outburst of a lake (Chorabari), and very steep river banks were eroded completely along the Kedar- topographic conditions. The complete scenario was simu- nath valley due to the flash floods and few new chan- lated in the Geographic Information System (GIS) envi- nels were visible.