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Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Vermont 2008 Or in Separate Summaries for Sugarbush and Christmas Tree Managers

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Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Vermont 2008 Or in Separate Summaries for Sugarbush and Christmas Tree Managers FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE CONDITIONS IN VERMONT 2008 AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION WATERBURY VERMONT 05671-0601 STATE OF VERMONT JAMES DOUGLAS, GOVERNOR AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES JONATHAN WOOD, SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION Jason Gibbs, Commissioner Steven Sinclair, Director http://www.vtfpr.org/ We gratefully acknowledge the financial and technical support provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry that enables us to conduct the surveys and publish the results in this report. This report serves as the final report for fulfillment of the Cooperative Lands – Survey and Technical Assistance and Forest Health Monitoring programs. FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE CONDITIONS IN VERMONT CALENDAR YEAR 2008 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Egg Sac PREPARED BY: Kathleen Decker, Scott Pfister, Barbara Burns, Ronald Kelley, Trish Hanson, Sandra Wilmot AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Forest Resource Protection Personnel............................................................................ 1 Vermont 2008 Forest Insect and Disease Highlights ......................................................2 Vermont 2008 Forest Health Management Recommendations.......................................4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................6 Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................6 Publications....................................................................................................................7 Weather and Phenology ................................................................................................. 8 Forest Insects .............................................................................................................. 20 Hardwood Defoliators....................................................................................... 20 Birch Defoliation.............................................................................................................................20 Forest Tent Caterpillar ...................................................................................................................22 Gypsy Moth.....................................................................................................................................23 Hardwood Defoliation ....................................................................................................................26 Oak Leaf Tier Complex ...................................................................................................................26 Saddled Prominent .........................................................................................................................26 Other Hardwood Defoliators..........................................................................................................27 Softwood Defoliators......................................................................................... 30 Other Softwood Defoliators...................................................................................................30 Sapsucking Insects, Midges and Mites ............................................................... 31 Balsam Gall Midge.......................................................................................................................... 31 Balsam Woolly Adelgid................................................................................................................... 31 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ................................................................................................................ 31 Oystershell Scale.............................................................................................................................33 Other Sapsucking Insects, Midges and Mites .......................................................................................... 34 Bud, Shoot and Root Insects ............................................................................... 37 Bud and Shoot Insects ....................................................................................................................37 Root Insects ....................................................................................................................................38 Bark and Wood Insects.......................................................................................39 Emerald Ash Borer .........................................................................................................................39 European Wood Wasp....................................................................................................................39 Oak Commodity Survey..................................................................................................................39 Other Bark and Wood Insects ....................................................................................................... 40 Fruit, Nut and Flower Insects.............................................................................42 Forest Diseases .............................................................................................................43 Stem Diseases .....................................................................................................43 Beech Bark Disease.........................................................................................................................43 Other Stem Diseases.......................................................................................................................43 i Foliage Diseases .................................................................................................46 Brown Spot Needle Blight ...............................................................................................................46 Other Foliage Diseases....................................................................................................................46 Root Diseases .................................................................................................... 48 Diebacks, Declines, and Environmental Diseases ..............................................49 Birch Decline and Mortality ...........................................................................................................49 Hardwood Chlorosis .......................................................................................................................49 Hardwood Decline and Mortality...................................................................................................49 Ice Damage .....................................................................................................................................49 Larch Decline..................................................................................................................................49 Spruce-Fir Decline .........................................................................................................................49 Unthrifty Crowns Associated with Logging.................................................................................... 51 Wet Sites ......................................................................................................................................... 51 Wind Damage ................................................................................................................................. 51 Other Diebacks, Declines, and Environmental Diseases ...............................................................52 Animal Damage ............................................................................................................53 Invasive Plants..............................................................................................................53 Trends in Forest Condition ...........................................................................................54 North American Maple Project.......................................................................................................54 Vermont Maple Cooperative Tree Health ......................................................................................56 Appendix Common Pests of Christmas Trees in Vermont 2008..................................................58 Health of Sugar Maple in Vermont 2008 ................................................................62 ii FIGURES Figure 1. Monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation in 2008, compared to normal for Burlington, Vermont. .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2. Weekly spring cumulative growing degree days for Underhill, Vermont, in 2008 compared with mean 1993-2008 accumulations............................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 3. 2008 weekly spring cumulative growing degree days for Springfield, Underhill, Montgomery, Lincoln and St. Johnsbury, Vermont..................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 4. Growing degree days for sugar maple budbreak in Springfield and Underhill (1993 – 2008) and Lincoln, Montgomery and St. Johnsbury
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