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The Life of Buddha

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The Life of Buddha TheLifeofBuddha byAndreFerdinandHerold [1922] tr.fromtheFrenchbyPaulC.Blum [1927] TheLifeofBuddha ,byA.FerdinandHerold,tr.byPaulCBlum[1922],atsacred-texts.com 7/25/2007 1 THELIFE of BUDDHA AccordingtotheLegendsofAncientIndia By A.FERDINANDHEROLD TranslatedfromtheFrenchby PAULC.BLUM DecorationsbyMacHershberger OriginalTitle:LaVieduBouddha,byAndréFerdinandHérold,Paris,Éditiond’Art,H.Piazza[1922], TranslationbyPaulC.Bloom,NewYork,A.&C.Boni,[1927].Thecopyrightonthetranslationwasnot renewed. Scannedatsacred-texts.com,March2007.ProofedandFormattedbyJohnBrunoHare.Thistextisinthe publicdomainintheUnitedStatesbecausetheoriginalbookitwastranslatedpriortoJanuary1st,1923, andthecopyrightonthetranslationwasnotrenewedinatimelyfashionasrequiredbylawatthetime. Thesefilesmaybeusedforanynon-commercialpurposeprovidedthisnoticeofattributionisleftintactin allcopies. 7/25/2007 2 FOREWORD ThisLifeofBuddhaisnotaworkoffiction,andIthinkitwouldbewelltomentionthe books,bothancientandmodern,whichIhavemostfrequentlyconsulted. Ihave,forthemostpart,reliedupontheLALITA-VISTARA.Thisbookisajumbled collectionoflegendsandscholasticdissertations,andyetinthesepagesarepreserved manyprecioustraditionsregardingtheBuddha'sorigin,hischildhoodandhisyouth,and here,likewise,wearetoldofhisearlyeducationandofhisfirstdeeds. Ihavealsomadegreatuseofanexcellentpoem,theBUDDHACARITAofAsvaghosa.In afewofthechaptersIhaverepeatedthelinesalmostwordforword.Thetextofthe BUDDHACARITAwaseditedbyE.B.Cowell. IntheLife,IhaveinterpolatedseveralJATAKAS.ThesearestoriesinwhichtheBuddha recallshisformerlives.Someofthemwillbefoundinavastcollection,the AVADANASATAKA. Twomodernbooks:LEBOUDDHA,byH.Oldenberg,translatedbyA.Foucher,andthe HISTOIREDUBOUDDHISMEDANSL’INDE,by H.Kern,translatedbyGédéonHuet, havealsobeenveryusefultome;aswellasotherworksthathaveappearedinscientific reviews.Thus,forthetouchingstoryofVisvantara,Iamindebtedtoasogdianversion publishedbyR.GauthiotintheJOURNALASIATIQUE. Finally,IwouldbeguiltyofthedeepestingratitudeifIdidnotpubliclythankmyold friendSylvainLéviforhisgenerousandkindlyadvice. AndmaythereaderfindofinterestthismarvellousstoryofPrinceSiddharthawho, throughmeditation,wasabletoattainsupremewisdom . A.F.HEROLD 7/25/2007 3 TABLEOFCONTENTS PARTONE SECTION PAGE NUMBER 1. KINGSUDDHODANAANDQUEENMAYA 6 2. MAYA'SDREAM 9 3. THEBIRTHOFSIDDHARTHA 10 4. ASITA'SPREDICTION 12 5. SIDDHARTHAATTHETEMPLE 14 6. SIDDHARTHA'SFIRSTMEDITATION 16 7. THEMARRIAGEOFSIDDHARTHA 18 8. SIDDHARTHALEADSALIFEOFPLEASURE 24 9. THETHREEENCOUNTERS 25 10. GOPA'SDREAM 30 11. SIDDHARTHAISEAGERTOKNOWTHEGREATTRUTHS 32 12. SIDDHARTHALEAVESHISFATHER'SPALACE 35 13. SIDDHARTHATHEHERMIT 36 14. GOPAANDSUDDHODANAGRIEVE 39 15. THEDOCTRINEOFARATAKALAMA 41 16. SIDDHARTHAANDKINGVIMBASARA 42 17. SIDDHARTHADESERTEDBYHISFIRSTDISCIPLES 44 18. SIDDHARTHAUNDERTHETREEOFKNOWLEDGE 46 19. MARA'SDEFEAT 49 20. SIDDHARTHABECOMESTHEBUDDHA 53 PARTTWO SECTION PAGE NUMBER 1. TRAPUSHAANDBHALLIKA 55 2. THEBUDDHAISPREPAREDTOPREACHTHEDOCTRINE 59 3. THEBUDDHALEAVESFORBENARES 61 4. THEBUDDHAFINDSHISFORMERDISCIPLES 63 5. THESTORYOFTHEHERMITANDTHEHARE 66 6. THESTORYOFPADMAKA 69 7. THEBUDDHAATTHEBAMBOOGROVE 72 8. SARIPUTRAANDMAUDGALYAYANA 75 9. THEBUDDHAPACIFIESTHEMALCONTENTSOFRAJAGRIHA 77 10. SUDDHODANASENDSMESSENGERSTOHISSON 78 7/25/2007 4 11. THESTORYOFTHECRANEANDTHEFISH 80 12. THESTORYOFVISVANTARA 83 13. THESTORYOFDHARMAPALA 90 14. GOPA'SGREATVIRTUE 92 15. NANDARENOUNCESROYALTY 93 16. THEBUDDHALEAVESKAPILAVASTU 95 17. ANATHAPINDIKA'SOFFERING 97 18. THENEWDISCIPLES 100 19. NANDA'SPRIDE 102 20. THEDEATHOFSUDDHODANA 105 PARTTHREE SECTION PAGE NUMBER 1. MAHAPRAJAPATIISADMITTEDTOTHECOMMUNITY 108 2. THEBUDDHAEXPOSESTHEIMPOSTERS 111 3. SUPRABHA 114 4. VIRUPA 116 5. SINCA'SDECEIT 119 6. THEBUDDHATAMESAWILDBUFFALO 121 7. DISSENSIONAMONGTHEMONKS 123 8. KUVALAYATHEDANCER 125 9. THEGODALAVAKADEFEATEDBYTHEBUDDHA 127 10. DEVADATTAEXPELLEDFROMTHECOMMUNITY 130 11. AJATASATRU'STREACHERY 132 12. THEDEATHOFDEVADATTA 135 13. PRASENAJITANDAJATASATRU 137 14. THEBUDDHATEACHESTHEDOCTRINE 139 15. THEBUDDHAANDTHESHEPHERD 140 16. THEBUDDHAINSTRUCTSTHEMONKSOFVAISALI 143 17. THEMEALATCUNDA'S 144 18. THEBUDDHAENTERSNIRVANA 145 7/25/2007 5 PARTONE 1.KingSuddhodanaAndQueenMaya SERENEandmagnificentwasthiscitywhereoncehaddweltthegreat hermitKapila.Itseemedtobebuiltoutofsomefragmentofthesky:the wallswerelikecloudsoflight,andthehousesandgardensradiateda divinesplendor.Preciousstonesglistenedeverywhere.Withinitsgates darknesswasaslittleknownaspoverty.Atnight,whensilver moonbeamsfingeredeachturret,thecitywaslikeapondoflilies;by day,whentheterraceswerebathedingoldensunshine,thecitywaslike ariveroflotuses. 7/25/2007 6 KingSuddhodanareignedinKapilavastu;hewasitsbrightestornament. Hewaskindlyandgenerous,modestandjust.Hepursuedhisbravest enemies,andtheyfellbeforehiminbattlelikeelephantsstruckdownby Indra;andasdarknessisdissipatedbythesharpraysofthesun,even sowerethewickedvanquishedbyhisradiantglory.Hebroughtlightinto theworld,andhepointedoutthetruepathtothosewhowerecloseto him.Hisgreatwisdomgainedforhimmanyfriends,manycourageous, discerningfriends,andasstarlightintensifiesthebrightnessofthe moon,sodidtheirbrillianceenhancehissplendor. Suddhodana,kingoftheSakyarace,hadwedmanyqueens.Hisfavorite amongthesewasMaya. Shewasverybeautiful.ItwasasiftheGoddessLakshmiherselfhad strayedintotheworld.Whenshespoke,itwaslikethesongofbirdsin thespring,andherwordsweresweetandpleasant.Herhairwasthe coloroftheblackbee;herforeheadwasaschasteasadiamond;hereyes ascoolasayoungblue-lotusleaf;andnofrownevermarredthe exquisitecurveofherbrows. Shewasvirtuous.Shedesiredthehappinessofhersubjects;shewas attentivetothepiouspreceptsofherteachers.Shewastruthful,andher conductwasexemplary. KingSuddhodanaandQueenMayalivedquietlyandhappilyin Kapilavastu. Oneday,thequeenbathedandperfumedherbody,thenattiredherself inadelicate,colorfulrobeandcoveredherarmswithjewels.Golden banglestinkledaboutherankles,andherfacewasradiantwith happinessasshesoughttheking'spresence. Suddhodanawasseatedinagreathall.Sweetmusicwaslullinghis tranquilreverie.Mayatooktheseatonhisright,andshesaidtohim: "Deigntolisten,mylord.DeigntograntthefavorIhavetoaskofyou,O protectoroftheearth." "Speak,myqueen,"repliedSuddhodana."Whatisthisfavor?" "Mylord,thereisgreatsufferingintheworld,andIlookwith compassiononallwhosuffer.Iwouldbehelpfultomyfellow-creatures;I wouldclosemymindtoevilthoughts.AndsinceIshallforbeardoingand thinkingevil,sinceIamthuskindtomyself,Iwouldbehelpful,Iwould bekindtoothers,too.Iwillputasidepride,Oking,andIwillnotlisten tothevoiceofevildesire.Iwillneverutteravainordishonorableword. 7/25/2007 7 Mylord,henceforthIwillleadalifeofausterity;Iwillfast;andIwill neverbearillwillorcommitwickedness,sufferanxietyorhatred,know angerorcovetousness.Iwillbesatisfiedwithmylot;Iwillforswear deceitandenvy;Iwillbepure;Iwillwalkinthestraightpath;andIwill practisevirtue.Andbecauseofthesethingsmyeyesarenowsmiling, becauseofthesethingsmylipsarenowjoyous." Shepausedamoment.Thekinggazedatherintenderadmiration.She continued: "Mylord,Iaskyoutorespectmyausterelife.Donotenterthedimforest ofdesire;allowmetoobservetheholylawofabstinence.Ishallrepairto thoseapartmentsthatareintheloftyreachedofthepalace,andthere, wheretheswansbuildtheirnests,havepreparedformeacouchstrewn withflowers,asoft,perfumedcouch.Mymaidensshallattendtomy wants,andyoumaydismisstheeunuchs,theguardsandallvulgar servants.Iwouldbesparedthesightofugliness,thesoundofrevelry andtheodorofthingsunpleasant." Shesaidnomore.Thekingreplied: "Soletitbe!Thefavoryouask,Igrant."Andhecommanded: "Upthere,intheloftyreachesofthepalace,wheretheairthrobswith thesongoftheswans,letthequeen,resplendentingoldandprecious stones,restonacouchofrareflowers;andlettherebemusic.Andto hermaidens,gatheredabouther,shewillbelikeadaughteroftheGods insomecelestialgarden!" Thequeenrose. "Itiswell,mylord,"saidshe."Buthearmefurther.Freeyourprisoners. Givegenerouslytothepoor.Letmenandwomenandchildrenbehappy! Bemerciful,Oking,and,thattheworldmaybejoyous,beafathertoall livingcreatures!" Shethenleftthehallandwenttothetopoftheroyalpalace. Itwastheadventofspring.Birdsdartedandwheeledabovetheterraces; birdssanginthetrees.Thegardenswereinflower;onthesurfaceofthe ponds,thelotusbudswereunfolding.And,asthequeensoughther bower,thepipingnoteofflutesandthedeeperharmonyofstrings resoundedoftheirownaccord,andarefulgentgloryappearedoverthe palace,aglorysoperfectthatthesunlightturnedtoshadow. 7/25/2007 8 2.Maya'sDream THEsamehourthatspringwasborn,adreamcametoMayaasshe slept.Shesawayoungelephantdescendingfromthesky.Ithadsix greattusks;itwasaswhiteasthesnowonmountain-tops.Mayasawit enterherwomb,andthousandsofGodssuddenlyappearedbeforeher. Theypraisedherwithimmortalsongs,andMayaunderstoodthat nevermorewouldsheknowdisquietudeorhatredoranger. Thensheawoke.Shewashappy;itwasahappinessshehadneverfelt before.Arising,shearrayedherselfinbrightcolors,and,followedbyher mostbeautifulmaidens,shepassedthroughthepalace-gates.She walkedinthegardensuntilshecametoalittlewood,whereshefounda shadedseat.ThenshesenttwoofhermaidenstoKingSuddhodanawith thismessage:"Thatthekingshouldcometothewood;QueenMaya wishestoseehimandwillawaithimthere." Thekingpromptlycomplied.Heleftthehallwhere,withthehelpofhis counsellors,hehadbeenadministeringjusticetotheinhabitantsofthe city.Hewalkedtowardthewood,but,ashewasabouttoenter,a strangefeelingcameoverhim.Hislimbsfaltered,hishandstrembled andtearswelledfromhiseyes.Andhethought: "Never,notevenintheheatofbattlewhenfightingmybravestenemies,
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