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Imadamente Equivalente Al Suroeste De Asia

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Imadamente Equivalente Al Suroeste De Asia Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA 1 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA Hacer negocios con Medio Oriente Se designa como Medio Oriente a la región aproximadamente equivalente al suroeste de Asia. No existe consenso sobre su delimitación, es un concepto mayoritario y muy difundido a nivel global, y reúne a países como: Arabia Saudita, Armenia, Azerbaiyán, Baréin, Catar, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Georgia, Irak, Irán, Israel, Jordania, Kuwait, Líbano, Omán, Palestina, Siria, Turquía y Yemen. La economía oscila entre los países más pobres de la región (como Yemen) hasta las naciones más desarrolladas (como Irán y Arabia Saudita). Según datos de la CIA, se ha mantenido una tasa positiva de crecimiento, ya que contiene las mayores reservas de petróleo del mundo. 2 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA El mercado de Medio Oriente La estructura económica de los países de Oriente Medio son diferentes en el sentido que mientras algunas naciones son sólo dependientes de exportar petróleo y sus derivados (Arabia Saudita, EAU y Kuwait), otros tienen una gran base económica (Turquía y Egipto). Las actividades económicas de Oriente Medio son: petróleo y sus derivados, la agricultura, el cultivo de algodón, la industria textil, la elaboración de productos hechos de cuero, fabricación de equipamiento bélico (armas, municiones, tanques, submarinos, misiles). La actividad bancaria es también un sector importante de la economía, especialmente en los EAU y Baréin. El turismo, con la excepción de Turquía y Egipto, no está explotado en su totalidad. En los últimos años, los países han empezado a tener un gran número de turistas ya que sus gobiernos mejoraron la infraestructura de las ciudades, sobre todo en Dubái en los EAU donde los turistas crecen a casi 10% anual. PBI NOMINAL PBI PER CÁPITA2 POBLACIÓN3 (MILLONES DE USD)1 ARABIA SAUDITA USD 762.259 USD 55.859 35.044.000 ARMENIA USD 13.105 USD 9.998 2.955.000 AZERBAIYAN USD 45.248 USD 18.035 10.110.000 BARHEIN USD 38.952 USD 50.102 1.592.000 1 Datos del FMI 2019 2 Datos del FMI 2018 3 Datos de CIA Factbook 2020 3 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA QATAR USD 193.502 USD 128.702 2.817.000 EMIRATOS USD 427.876 USD 68.662 9.890.000 ARABES UNIDOS GEORGIA USD 17.214 USD 11.481 3.717.000 IRAK USD 225.257 USD 17.428 40.150.000 IRAN USD 484.663 USD 21.241 89.914.000 ISRAEL USD 381.569 USD 37.673 9.227.000 JORDANIA USD 44.252 USD 12.812 10.841.000 KUWAIT USD 136.940 USD 66.673 4.525.000 LIBANO USD 58.281 USD 19.987 6.825.000 OMAN USD 79.458 USD 45.723 4.478.000 PALESTINA USD 13.397 USD 4.885 5.101.000 SIRIA USD 59.147 USD 5.285 17.501.000 TURQUIA USD 706.237 USD 28.346 83.752.000 YEMEN USD 29.079 USD 1.274 29.826.000 USD 3.716.436 USD 33.564 368.265.000 promedio A efectos del presente informe, nos focalizaremos sobre las principales economías como Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Arabia Saudita, Irán, Qatar y Kuwait, dejando de lado las economías pequeñas como Siria, Palestina, Yemen, Armenia y demás. Tampoco se considerará Turquía o Israel, ya que se considera que son merecedores de informes por separado. 4 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA Sectores productivos En el mapa a continuación, se puede observar el principal sector productivo por país. Fuente. https://www.businessinsider.com/map-on-middle-east-economy-2016-5 Emiratos Árabes Unidos Los Emiratos Árabes Unidos tienen una economía abierta con elevado PIB per cápita y expresivos superávits comerciales. Esfuerzos bien sucedidos en el sentido de diversificar la economía redujeron la participación del petróleo y del gas natural en el Producto interior bruto a sólo 25%. Desde el descubrimiento de petróleo en los Emiratos hace más de 30 años, el país ha pasado por una profunda transformación, de una región de principados pobres en medio del desierto para un país moderno con alto patrón de vida. El gasto del gobierno expandió la creación de empleos, y la expansión de la infraestructura aumentó la implicación económica del sector privado. El territorio de Emiratos es en su totalidad desértico. Por ello las actividades económicas tradicionales se limitan a la recogida de dátiles, la pesca y la cría de camellos. A mediados del siglo XX el conjunto de los Emiratos constituía una de las regiones más pobres del planeta. Sin embargo, las exportaciones petroleras descubrieron importantes reservas de petróleo y gas natural en Abu Dabi y Dubái. 5 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA EAU está compuesto por siete emiratos:Abu Dabi, Ajmán, Dubái, Fuyaira, Ras al- Jaima, Sarja y Umm al-Qaywayn. Abu Dabi y Dubai constituyen los pilares en los que se ha construido la economía del país, que vio aumentar su PIB hasta colocarlo al mismo nivel de los llamados países desarrollados. EAU es uno de los países más pujantes en cuanto a inversiones del sector de la construcción. En general, parte del éxito de la actividad constructora en el país se debe a las nuevas leyes de propiedad promulgadas en 2005, que regularizan la compra de terreno y propiedades para nacionales y otorgan ciertos derechos de propiedad a expatriados (leasehold property rights). Los principales proyectos en curso en el país se encuentran en Dubai -Jumeirah Gardens Development (95 billones de dólares), Mohammed Bin Rashid Gardens City y Dubailand (54 billones respectivamente), The Palm Deira Development- y Abu Dhabi -New Capital City, Khalifa City (40 billones respectivamente). centro de - firmas del sector servicios. En la actualidad operan en EAU las siguientes: • Emirato de Dubai: Jebel Ali Free Zone, Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, Dubai Airport Free Zone, Dubai Gold and Diamond Park, Dubai Cars and Automotive Zone, Knowledge Village, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai Metals and Commodities Centre, Dubai Silicon Valley, Dubai Maritime City, Dubai Humanitarian City, Dubai Carpet, Dubai Auto-parts, Heavy 6 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA Equipment & Trucks, Dubai Flower Centre, Dubai Textile Village, International Media Production, Dubai Logistics City, International Arbitration Centre, Techno Park Dubai, Dubai Industrial City, Dubai Outsource Free Zone, Dubai Biotechnology and Research Park, Dubai International Financial Centre, Multi-commodity Centre, Dubai Studio City, y Dragon Mart. • Emirato de Sharjah: Hamriyah Free Zone, Sharjah Airport International Free Zone • Emirato de Ajman: Ajman Free Zone • Emirato de Umm Al Quwain: Ahmed Bin Rashid Free Zone • Emirato de Fujairah: Fujairah Free Zone • Emirato de Ras al Khaimah: Ras al Khaimah Investment Authority y RAK Free Zone • Emirato de Abu Dhabi: Abu Dhabi Ports Company y Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone Cada una de ellas ofrece similares incentivos para el inversor. El principal atractivo de establecer una empresa en las zonas francas es que la misma puede ser 100% de propiedad extranjera. Otros beneficios son la ausencia de impuestos, el arancel cero para importaciones, la libertad para el repatrio del 100% de los beneficios, la rapidez y transparencia administrativa y la existencia de modernas infraestructuras y facilidades aeroportuarias y portuarias. nte al mercado minorista o por medio de distribuidores. las condiciones , pr . En l , el cultivo de plantas forrajeras y de vegetales en sistemas de invernadero. El área cultivada ocupa cerca del 3.2% del territorio nacional. Las autoridades federales están comprando en países tales como Pakistán y Sudán tierras fértiles donde producir alimentos para consumo interno. La industria pesquera en EAU continúa siendo básicamente artesanal. Los pescadores locales reciben ayudas del Gobierno por medio de un sistema de subsidios para barcos y motores que ha mejorado la calidad de la infraestructura pesquera en los últimos años. Con el propósito de conservar la población de peces, las autoridades emiratíes han emitido una serie de normas que regulan el equipamiento, las zonas y épocas de pesca, así como a los trabajadores del sector. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos esfuerzos se constata una dramática disminución de los stocks en las aguas del país, al parecer causada por una combinación de factores tales como la sobrepesca, la actividad dragadora y la contaminación de los ecosistemas marinos. Actualmente, el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Aguas investiga, en cooperación con otros países, el estado actual de las pesquerías y las alternativas posibles para transformarlas en fuentes sustentables de recursos marinos. 7 Informe de mercado – Hacer negocios con el EFTA Los principales sectores productivos son: petróleo y derivados; pesca, aluminio, cemento, fertilizantes, reparo de embarcaciones comerciales, materiales de construcción, construcción de barcos, artesanía, textiles; y entre las principales exportaciones se encuentran: petróleo crudo 45%, gas natural, reexportaciones, pescado seco, dátiles. Los Emiratos Árabes Unidos ti . Los principales socios comerciales y clientes de l . productos alimentarios. Qatar La economía de Catar ha prosperado en los últimos años con un crecimiento elevado continuo del PIB real. El crecimiento fue impulsado en gran medida por los sectores del petróleo y el gas natural. Sin embargo, el crecimiento de las manufacturas, de la construcción y de los sectores de servicios financieros han empujado el componente no petrolero a poco más de la mitad del PIB nominal de Catar por primera vez desde el año 2000. El petróleo y el gas siguen representando aproximadamente el 92 % de los ingresos de exportación, y el 62 % de los ingresos del gobierno. El petróleo y el gas han hecho de Catar el país de más grande renta mundial per cápita y el país con el desempleo más bajo. Las reservas de petróleo conocidas son más de 25 000 millones de barriles, deben permitir la explotación continua en los niveles actuales durante unos 56 años.
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