Reshuffling of the Market

Photovoltaics silicon and wafer manufacturers Reshuffling of the market

Japan. “In 2010, the region arrived at a market share of 11 %. That share will increase to 16 % by the end of 2011 and reach the 26 % mark by 2015.” Profit warning in Europe

Meanwhile, the first solar companies in the wafer segment are reacting to the new trend. In particular, the manufacturers with production locations in Europe have been attracting attention with their an- nouncements. One example is the UK-based PV Crystalox Solar, a silicon and wafer manufacturer, which recently published a profit warning for the second half of 2011. PV Crystalox Solar warned that op- erative losses could occur as a result of the meagre supply situation in the second half of the year, which had been considerable lower than expected in May. On the level of the end consumer, the demand has In the wafer segment, the companies meanwhile greatly decreased, says the company. tend to pair the expansion of their When compared to the previous year, the installed PV capacities with an increased level of capacities in Germany alone have dropped by 50 % vertical integration. Photo: REC Group between March and May. Shortly after the profit warning was published, the price for PV Crystalox Solar shares took a sharp tumble. Similar news arrived from Norway. Towards the end of the second quarter, The global PV market is finding a new balance. While the REC Group announced that it would curb its production on a temporary basis. According to REC’s Inves- traditional European core markets are faced with a tor Relations Analyst Peder Poulsson, the reason for tumbling demand, other parts of the world such as Asia the measure must be seen in the weak sales situation in Europe and the falling wafer and module prices. and the United States are taking out the benefit. The first “We are expecting that these measures will lower our wafer production by about 125 MW in the third quar- wafer manufacturers have already reacted. In the silicon ter”, says Poulsson. “This would equal about 30 % of manufacturing industry, the stage is once again set for our total production capacity in Norway. In the same period, our local solar cell and module production in growth. Norway will each be reduced by about 50 MW. The measure will affect about 300 jobs in the factory in urope will continue its leadership role on the Herøya and another 200 jobs in our location in Narvik world market. But we are expecting that the that will temporarily be put on short-time work.” The Emarket share of 80 % achieved in the last year silicon production in the United States along with the will drop to 68.6 % in the current year”, says wafer, solar cell and solar panel production main- Dr. Henning Wicht, principal analyst for PV systems at tained in Singapore will remain unaffected. IHS iSuppli. However, in the long term, the market structure is going to change. “By 2015, the United Growing activities in Asia States will have become the world’s largest single PV market and take the place of Germany, which will The fact that REC Group’s factories in Asia and the have to content itself with coming in second after United States are not affected by the production cut- years at the top.” This opinion is shared by the mar- back is not surprising. In these regions, the company ket analysts of Solarbuzz. President Craig Stevens be- is currently in the process of expanding its produc- lieves that the market shares of the Asian-Pacific re- tion capacities. One of the most active market partic- gion and the United States will increase rapidly in the ipants at the time is GCL-Poly, which recently an- next five years. “The United States arrived at a market nounced a joint venture with the vertically integrated share of 5 % in the last year. This share will grow to solar company Canadian Solar. In the first phase of 9 % by the end of 2011 and up to 14 % in 2015.” the cooperation, the two companies agreed to estab- According to Stevens, the development will be even lish a new wafer production in Suzhou, China. The more dynamic in the five leading PV countries of the factory will be adapted to Canadian Solar’s require- Asian Pacific region – in particular for China and ments and have an initial capacity of 600 MW. In a

102 Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011

Photovoltaics silicon and wafer manufacturers

Germany / The Netherlands / Austria / France

The Silicon Mine Wacker Chemie -/10,000/15,000

Activ Solar SolarWorld Wacker Chemie Elkem 660/-/- 30,500/32,000/37,000 500/1,000/1,000 REC 16,000/17,000/- Apollon Solar 800/-/- PV Crystalox Solar PLC 0/1,800/- Nitol Solar -/5,000/- Osaka Titanium REC REC Calisolar 50/150/- Technologies Hemlock Activ Solar/OJSC Semiconductor -/2,200/- Bécancour Semiconductor Silfab TBEA Xinjiang Sunoasis -/3,000/- Tokuyama 36,000/44,000/56,000 Silicon 3,600/-/- Estelux 4,000/-/- 8,200/9,200/- Hoku Scientific -/4,000/- OCI 27,000/42,000/62,000 JFE Steel AE Polysilicon MEMC Electronic Materials 12,000/15,000/- Hankook Silicon 3,500/-/- New Japan Buckeye Silicon -/1,500/- Hyundai Heavy Industries 3,000/3,300/6,000 Solar RSI Silicon -/500/1,000 KCC 6,000/-/- Silicon Innovation Silicon 150/450/1,200 660/1,500/- Mitsubishi Materials 1,500/1,500/- Woongjin Polysilicon -/5,000/- M.Setek 6,000/7,000/- Global PV Specialists Taiwan Polysilicon Corp Mitsubishi 1,000/-/- MBM Holdings -/-/2,500 Shanyang Technology 3,500/-/- Materials MutoSilicon 5,000/5,000/- 1,850/2,850/- Taiwan Polysilicon Corp 8,000/8,000/- Osaka Titanium Lanco Solar Energy 1,250/-/- Technologies 1,400/1,400/-

Bhaskar Silicon 2,500/-/- Iacharya Silicon -/-/3,000 China Heihe Hesheng Silicon Industry 2,000/-/-

Yingly Green Energy -/3,000/- Jiangsu Shunda Jinzhou New Century Quartz Glass World map of the PV industry Orisi Silicon Silicon production Jiaozuo Coal Group Hejing 1,800/-/- Tangshan Silicon Industry -/-/5,000 Juli New Energy -/-/12,000 85 manufacturers in 17 countries Inner Mongolia Guodian Fine Silicon Phoevix Silicon Ningxia Qingdao DTK Industries 2,500/2,500/- 6,000/-/- Solar Lu'an High-purity Silicon Publisher: Sun & Wind Energy China Silicon Corporation www.sunwindenergy.com Asia Silicon 4,000/-/- Nanyang Green Lin Zhou Zhongsheng Semiconductor Silicon 600/-/- Ningxia Yinxing Polychrystalline Silic. Layout: Eilers-Media Longi Silicon Materials 2,500/-/- www.eilers-media.de Ningxia Yinxing Huaxuan PV Technology 1,000/-/- Polycrystalline Niking Technology Silicon ReneSola 3,000/3,500/- DMEGC Solar Energy Date: August 2011 Shaanxi Thianhong Silicon Material 1,250/-/- Source: company data, own research -/-/6,000 Yaan Yongwang Silicon Industry 1,500/-/- Zhejiang Zhongning Silicon Caption Dawu Silicon Park production site for silicon 50 production capacity at the end of 2010 in tons LDK 11,000/25,000/- Sichuan Xinguang Leshan Ledian Tianwei 50 production capacity at the end of 2011 in tons Silicon-Tech Polysilicon 3,000/-/- 50 expected production capacity in 2012 in tons Emei Semiconductor Material Example Fuzhou Hokin Chemical Technology -/5,000/- Elkem 500/1,000/1,000 GCL-Poly Energy -/46,000/65,000 The Elkem production is situated in Norway and featured a silicon Kunming Yeyan New Material production capacity of 500 tons at the end of 2010 and of 1,000 tons at the end of 2011; the expected capacity at the end of 2012 is Jiangxi Tn Silicon Material 1,000 tons. Chongqing Daqo New Energy 10,000/15,300/- Sichuan Yongxiang Poly-Silicon 6,000/-/- Tianwei Sichuan Silicon

104 Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 Germany / The Netherlands / Austria / France

The Silicon Mine Wacker Chemie -/10,000/15,000

Bhaskar Silicon 2,500/-/- Iacharya Silicon -/-/3,000 China Heihe Hesheng Silicon Industry 2,000/-/-

Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 105 Photovoltaics silicon and wafer manufacturers

Top 10 of the silicon suppliers term partner, with essential large-scale manufacturing expertise.” The venture will be of great advantage Capacity Capacity for establishing Canadian Solar in the PV market, Top 10 silicon suppliers 2010 Top 10 silicon suppliers 2011 2010 (tons) 2011 (tons) says Shawn Qu. Hemlock Semiconductor Group 36,000 GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited 46,000 But there is more of it. Soon after the news was Wacker Chemie AG 30,500 Hemlock Semiconductor Group 44,000 released, GCL-Poly announced another joint venture with Goldpoly, a company located in the downstream OCI Company 27,000 OCI Company 42,000 segment. The two China-based companies agreed to GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited 21,000 Wacker Chemie AG 33,000 establish a 300 MW wafer plant in Quanzhou, in the REC Silicon 16,000 LDK Solar Co. Ltd. 25,000 southeast of China. “This joint venture is not only a MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. 12,500 REC Silicon 17,000 further development of the new mode of strategic co- LDK Solar Co. Ltd. 11,000 Chongqing Daqo New Energy Co., Ltd. 15,300 operation between GCL-Poly and its downstream cus- Chongqing Daqo New Energy Co., Ltd. 10,000 MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. 15,000 tomers. It’s a strategic move that helps GCL-Poly to extend its business coverage to Taiwan and the Tokuyama Corp. 8,200 Tokuyama Corp. 9,200 emerging markets in South-East Asia”, says Shu Hua, Taiwan Polysilicon Corp (Fuju Solar) 8,000 Taiwan Polysilicon Corp (Fuju Solar) 8,000 the company’s Executive Director and President. GCL- Total 180,200 254,500 Poly’s plans to expand in the silicon segment must be Source: company data seen in a similar light. At the end of 2010, the compa- second phase, the factory will allow for potential ny’s production capacities had ranged at around expansions up to 1.2 GW. According to GCL-Poly, 21,000 tons (1 metric ton = 1,000 kg). By the year the costs for the first project phase arrive at 2012, they are now expected to reach 65,000 tons. US$ 77 million. Under the terms of the agreement, The expansion plans of GCL-Poly, one of today’s GCL will contribute 90 % of the registered equity. For leading suppliers of polysilicon and wafers, have left many market analysts, the announcement that GCL- their mark. Meyer Burger Technology AG, a Switzer- Poly and its partner are investing into the establish- land-based PV equipment supplier, will be able to ment of a new wafer plant does not come as a sur- benefit from the ambitious plans. The company con- prise since GCL-Poly has been a key wafer supplier to cluded another series of contracts for high-precision Canadian Solar for the past three years. “The joint wire saws and solar wafer inspection systems with venture is an important strategic milestone for GCL-Poly. According to the company, the contracts to- Canadian Solar”, says Shawn Qu, Chairman and CEO tal more than € 132 million. Meyer Burger CEO Peter of Canadian Solar. “In GCL, we gain a valued long- Pauli says: “It’s very important for us to successfully build on our strong relationships with key solar ener- Top 10 of the wafer producers gy companies and demonstrate our technological leadership in the market.” Capacity Capacity Top 10 wafer producers 2010 Top 10 wafer producers 2011 2010 (MW) 2011 (MW) Target: vertical integration GCL Solar 3,500 GCL Solar 6,500 LDK Solar Co. Ltd. 3,000 LDK Solar Co. Ltd. 4,000 GCL-Poly is not the only driving force on the wafer Renewable Energy Corporation ASA (REC) 1,940 Renewable Energy Corporation ASA (REC) 2,415 market. The solar cell manufacturer JA Solar recently Yingli Green Energy 1,400 Yingli Green Energy 2,400 announced the 100 % takeover of the silicon wafer supplier Silver Age Holdings Limited. The company ReneSola Limited 1,300 ReneSola Limited 1,900 with headquarters on the British Virgin Islands owns SolarWorld AG 1,000 Nexolon 1,800 100 % of Solar Silicon Valley Electronic Science and NeosemiTech 1,000 Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. 1,500 Technology, a China-based wafer manufacturer with Green Energy Technology (GET) 1,000 Shandong Sunneeg Solar Power Co., Ltd. 1,500 a current production capacity of 485 MW. “This agree- iSolar Technology Co., Ltd 1,000 SolarWorld AG 1,250 ment represents another important step in JA Solar’s strategy of optimizing our cost structure through se- Trina Solar Limited 750 Suntech Power Holdings Co., Ltd 1,200 lective vertical integration”, says Fang Peng, CEO of Total 15,890 24,465 JA Solar. Fang Peng expects that greater economies of Source: company data scale will be achieved through the acquisition. production costs by 15 to 20 percent by the same LDK Solar already maintains a stronger focus on time”, says Yuepeng Wan, CTO of LDK Solar. Another vertical integration. But similar to its competitors, the step into that direction has been made with the ex- company has recently been on a growth path. At the pansion of the silicon production capacities. At the end of the last year, LDK’s annual wafer production end of the last year, LDK had arrived at capacities of capacity had reached the 3 GW mark at its location in 11,000 tons and expects to reach 25,000 tons by the Hefei, China. In an announcement the company now end of 2011. “The investment into the expansion of said that its capacities will be upgraded to 4 GW by our capacities in the silicon segment sums up to the end of 2011. The expansion is a reaction to the US$ 150 million”, says Wan. continual price decline for solar products and has the The fact that silicon production is still considered aim of reducing overall costs. “We expect that the wa- to be attractive was emphasized by the debut of fer production costs will drop to 25 US-cent per watt Samsung Fine Chemicals. At the beginning of the by the end of the year. Our move will drive down our year, the company entered a joint venture with MEMC

THE MOST WIDE AND PROFESSIONAL RANGE OF PRODUCTS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS FIXING SYSTEMS

Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 107 Photovoltaics silicon and wafer manufacturers

Germany / Switzerland / Poland

Cemat Silicon

Sovello 180/-/- Schott Solar Wafer -/500/- Bosch Solar Energy 450/550/630 Deutsche Solar 750/1,000/-

REC -/575/- SemiQuarz Wafer AMEX 120,000 pcs/-/- 10/10/- REC -/1,100/- Telecom- STV Swiss Wafers 180/180/- Norsun -/12 m pcs/- -/200/-

PChMS 33/33/- Helios Resource 22/-/- Nitol Solar -/60/150 PV Crystalox Pillar 350/380/420 Space Energy Corporation 210/210/- -/670/855 Prolog Semicor Calisolar 75/75/75 Shin-Etsu Chemical -/7.2-8.4 m pcs/- Sanyo Solar 70/70/- JFE Steel 180/-/- DC Wafers TBEA Xinjiang Sunoasis -/300/- 45/80/80 Silicio Solar MEMC Electronic Materials 650/1,200/- 350/380/420 Silcio 40/40/- Solar Cells Hellas -/60/- Sanyo Solar 30/30/- M.Setek -/1,100/-

Lanco Solar Energy 80/-/-

First Philec Solar -/720/-

REC -/740/- Siltronic Samsung Wafer Taiwan 3.6 m pcs/-/- Danen Technology Green Solar PV Corp. 210/520/- Corp. -/18 m pcs/- China Green Energy Eversol Corp. TNS Solar Tech. 1,000/-/- -/600/- Lightway Green New Energy -/300/- 200/200/- Jiangsu Soudai PV-Tech -/200/- Wafer Works Beijing Hope Solar Power 6 m pcs/6 m pcs/30 m pcs Winsun New Energy -/350/- World map of the PV industry Corp. -/655/- TD Solar Canadian Solar 300/-/- iSolar Technology Yingli Green Energy 1,400/2,400/- 200/-/- Wafer production 1,000/1,000/- Juli New Energy -/400/600 Chinaland Solar Energy Gigastorage Tangshan Haitai New Energy 120/-/- 80 m pcs/80 m pcs/- 112 manufacturers in 17 countries AU Optronics Corp. MCL Electronic Materials -/3 m pcs/- DMEGC Solar Energy -/300/- Corp. -/300/- -/300/- Shandong Sunneeg Solar Power -/1,500/- JA Solar Holdings 300/-/- Sino-American Nanyang Universal Solar Tech. Publisher: Sun & Wind Energy Silicon Products Qinghai China 65 m pcs/-/- Znshine 76/-/- www.sunwindenergy.com Trina Solar 750/1,200/- Silicon Energy LONGi 300/-/- 60,000 pcs/-/- Layout: Eilers-Media KinVe Solar Power -/200/- Comtec Solar Tech. 600/1,00/- www.eilers-media.de Nanyang Green Silicon 30/-/- Jiaxing Winsaint PV -/50/- Evergreen Solar-/100/- Sino-Italian Photov. -/100/- Hanwha CGP Solar 0/120/300 Date: August 2011 South Korea ReneSola 1,300/1,900/- Source: company data, own research Tianwei New Energy 500/1,000/1,500 SolarOne 400/1,000/- Semi Materials 60/-/- Daqo New Energy -/250/250 Jinggong P-D Shaoxing 100/-/- Osung LST 210/410/500 Huawei Solar -/300/- Caption Nexolon GSM Solar 150/500/- LDK Solar 3,000/4,000/- Jiangxi Sornid -/500/- production site for wafers 700/1,800/1,850 Chongqing Lanhua Solar Power -/900/- BlueSky Open Paradise 65/120/- 50 production capacity at the end of 2010 in MW Neosemitech Cajaani Energy Technology 200/-/- 1,000/-/- Solargiga Energy Holdings -/900/- ET Solar 65/120/- Canadian Solar -/-/600 50 production capacity at the end of 2011 in MW Glosil 15/-/- Eging Photovoltaic Techn. 500/1,000/- Simax Green New Energy 50 expected production capacity in 2012 in MW Smart Applica- Guangyi Solar|Gytech Solar 200/200/- tions 300/-/- Anhui Zhongyu Silicon 70/-/- Guodian Jintech Solar 200/200/- m pcs data given in million pieces instead of MW Woongjin CSG Holding 100/-/- Jiaxing Advansil Electronic 35/-/- Holdings LG Siltron GLC Solar 3,500/6,500/- Jiaxing Mingtong Photovoltaic -/50/- Example -/500/- -/150/- JinkoSolar 600/1,500/- Rexor Jinxiyuan Sience and Tech. 5 m pcs/-/- Silicio Solar 350/380/420 -/1,000/- Shuqimeng Photovoltaic 42 m pcs/-/- The Silicio Solar production is situated in Spain and featured a wafer Suntech Power Holdings 500/1,200/- SuZhou DongTai Solar -/200/600 production capacity of 350 tons at the end of 2010 and of 380 tons at Zhejiang Jimei PV Energy -/1,000/- the end of 2011; the expected capacity at the end of 2012 is 420 tons. Zhejiang Trunsun Solar -/50/300

108 Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 Germany / Switzerland / Poland

Cemat Silicon

Sovello 180/-/- Schott Solar Wafer -/500/- Bosch Solar Energy 450/550/630 Deutsche Solar 750/1,000/-

REC -/575/- SemiQuarz Wafer AMEX 120,000 pcs/-/- 10/10/- REC -/1,100/- Telecom- STV Swiss Wafers 180/180/- Norsun -/12 m pcs/- -/200/-

Lanco Solar Energy 80/-/-

First Philec Solar -/720/-

Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 109 Photovoltaics silicon and wafer manufacturers

The demand for wafers has gone down in the European core markets – with obvious consequences for Europe as a production location. Photo: PV Crystalox

Group for the establishment of a new silicon factory. achieve more flexibility in our purchase strategy and The plant with a capacity of 10,000 tons will be locat- to profit from the falling wafer and silicon prices.” ed in Ulsan, South Korea, near a chemical factory of Suntech now plans to establish its own solar wafer Samsung Fine Chemicals. Completion is scheduled factory. for the end of 2013. “The efforts of the major manu- However, the price decline is not really keeping facturers to expand their capacities and the increas- the industry back. Similar to the wafer manufacturing number of newcomers on the market are driving ers, the silicon industry continues to be on a growth down the silicon price”, says Mark Osborne of PV- path. A good example is the Germany-based compa- Tech. According to the global investment banking ny Wacker, which recently announced to have reached group Jefferies International, the price for silicon had its capacity limit. “We are sold out until 2015”, says ranged between US$ 40 and 46 per kg in the second CEO Rudolf Staudigl. Wacker’s capacities in half of the year. Next year, the price is expected to Burghausen will now be raised from 32,000 to drop to between US$ 35 and 40 and possibly even 37,000 tons and from 10,000 to 15,000 tons in below US$ 30 per kg in the year 2013. It’s a trend the Nünchritz. In addition, the company plans to have its industry will have to adapt to. Daqo New Energy, a new factory in Cleveland, United States, operational polysilicon manufacturer based in China, has already by 2013 with a capacity of 15,000 tons. “In 2014, our had to feel the consequences and to reduce its profit production capacity is expected to reach 67,000 tons”, expectations. This was not due to lower silicon sales says Staudigl. But there has also been bad news. but rather to falling prices and therefore to lower mar- Even though the company was able to increase its gins. “The PV industry is under a lot of cost pressure, silicon sales, the profit margin has been smaller than which has not existed in this form before”, says Jimmy expected due to higher raw material costs, says the Lai, Chief Financial Officer for Daqo New Energy. CEO. Of course, the competitors do not sleep. One Last resort: buying their way out example is the Korea-based company OCI, which announced that it will shortly launch a new factory In the past, many downstream companies chose to be with a capacity of 42,000 tons and involving a total on the safe side and closed long-term supply agree- investment of US$ 1.7 billion. In 2013, OCI ’s total ments with the wafer and silicon manufacturers to se- production capacity is expected to reach 85,000 cure their stocks at pre-determined prices. In view of tons. Another example is the world’s largest chem- the continual price decline, these contracts are now icals producer LG Chem. In an effort not to fall be- turning into a cost trap. For some companies, the pur- hind, LG Chem is investing US$ 455 million into a chase obligations have become a huge problem – 5,000 tons silicon factory in Korea. Hanwha huge enough for them to try to buy themselves out. Chemical is on a similar path. The company plans to Suntech is an example. The company recently termi- invest a total of US$ 994 million into a new factory, nated its ten-year solar wafer supply agreement with which will have a capacity of 10,000 tons. In Spain, MEMC Group at costs of US$ 212 million. From an Isofotón and Hankook Silicon have a 10,000 tons economic point of view, the arrangement simply did plant under planning and Calisolar received a gov- not make sense any more, says Suntech CEO ernment loan for the construction of a factory in the Zhengrong Shi. “The move gives us an opportunity to US State Ohio with a capacity of 16,000 tons.

110 Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

Visit us at the exhibition EU PVSEC in Hamburg - Hall B7, booth B35

The US-based company Hemlock is continuing its leadership role in the global wafer manufacturing industry. The picture shows the headquarters in the United The reliable connection for States. Photo: Hemlock your photovoltaic plant - to protect investment and

Shortly before the announcement, Calisolar had entered a joint venture with to maximize the return Suntech over a new silicon factory in Canada. Despite, or perhaps even due to the heavy price declines, the market partic- ipants in the wafer and silicon industry are currently on an expansion course. Many seem to believe that only the top dogs will be able to survive in the market environment, although the stocks are meanwhile piling up – at least in the Euro- - Generator connection boxes pean warehouses. In view of the capacity building, the PV companies are expect- - AC-standard boxes ing that the prices will continue to tumble. What sticks out is that the manufacturers in the wafer segment tend to pair the expansion of their capacities with in- - Integrated monitoring-systems creased levels of vertical integration. While the European wafer manufacturers for - Junction boxes with blocking now have put on the brakes, their competitors in Asia and in the United States are meanwhile on the fast lane. However, the situation could soon turn around. diodes for thin-layer panels In view of the continuous drop-off in prices, it should only be a matter of time un- - Solutions for string and central til the demand in Germany picks up again. Cuts in the incentive scheme could be avoided at mid-year, as the growth had remained below the targets. Such cuts inverter stations are now expected for the beginning of 2012. This means that many companies will now wait for the prices to continue falling until making further investments. Markus Grunwald Further information: IHS iSuppli: www.iSuppli.com PV Crystalox: www.pvcrystalox.com REC Group: www.recgroup.com GCL-Poly: www.gcl-poly.com.hk Canadian Solar: www.canadian-solar.com JA Solar: www.jasolar.com LDK Solar: www.ldksolar.com

SUN & WIND ENERGY – World map of wafer and silicon manufacturers

Similar to the previous years, SUN & WIND ENERGY has again compiled an overview of the global capacities in the wafer and silicon manufacturing industry. This year, the survey addressed a number of about 140 silicon and enwi-etec GmbH 220 wafer manufacturers. 80 silicon and 114 wafer manufacturers are Phone +49 8725 9664-0 included in the world map. When compared to the year 2010, the survey Scherrwies 2 Fax +49 8725 9664-96 reveals that the production capacities have increased in both the wafer and 84329 Rogglfing [email protected] the silicon segment. By the end of the year, the Top 10 silicon manufacturers Germany www.enwi-etec.com are expected to reach a total production capacity of 254,000 tons. The Top 10 wafer manufacturers are expected to arrive at 24.4 GW.

Sun & Wind Energy 9/2011 engineering with innovations