DOCSLIB.ORG

LIST of PRODUCTS BULK DRUGS Sl. No Name of the Product Production TPM 1. Carvedilol Phosphate 2.50 2. Citalopram Hydrobromide 10

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIST of PRODUCTS BULK DRUGS Sl. No Name of the Product Production TPM 1. Carvedilol Phosphate 2.50 2. Citalopram Hydrobromide 10 LIST OF PRODUCTS BULK DRUGS Sl. No Name of the product Production TPM 1. Carvedilol phosphate 2.50 2. Citalopram Hydrobromide 10.00 3. Closantel sodium 5.00 4. Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate 1.50 5. Fexofinadine hydrochloride 2.00 6. Fosfomycin trometamol 3.00 7. Gaba-pentin 3.00 8. Itraconozole 2.00 9. Lansoprazole 3.00 10. Lornoxicam 4.00 11. Montelukast sodium 3.00 12. Omeprazole 5.00 13. Ondansetron 3.00 14. Oxyclozanide 5.00 15. Ritonavir 3.00 16. Rosuvastatin calcium 3.00 17. Setraline hydrochloride 2.00 18. Sparfloxacin 2.00 19. Terbinafine hydrochloride 3.00 Total 65.00 INTERMEDIATES Sl. No Name of the product Production TPM 1 Tri Chloro Salisylic Acid 3.00 2 5-AminO-2-Hydroxy Benzoic acid 2.00 3 5-Amino-2-dibenzylamino-1,6-diphenyl-hex-4-en-3-one 2.00 4 2-Amino-6-chloro-3-nitro pyridine 3.00 5 4-Chloro butyryl chloride 3.00 CHEMICALS Sl.No Name of the product Production TPM 1 Tributyl Tin chloride 90 2 L-Menthol 90 3 Dicyclo Hexylcarbomidiimide 90 SOLVENT RECOVERY Sl.No Name of the product Production TPM 1 All solvents 450 Industry proposes to produce • 2.0 TPD either from bulk drug group or intermediate group • 3.0 TPD from chemicals group • 15.0 TPD solvent recovery CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Carvedilol Phosphate can be manufactured in four stages. Stage-1: 1-(2-bromo ethoxy)-2-methoxy benzene and benzyl amine reacts together in the presence of toluene solvent medium forms stage-1 compound. O Toluene Br + NH2 O 1-(2-Bromo-ethoxy)- 2-methoxy-benzene Benzylamine C9H11BrO2 C7H9N Mol. Wt.: 231.1 Mol. Wt.: 107 O NH HBr + O Stage-1 Hydrobromic acid C16H19NO2 Mol.Wt.:81 Mol.Wt.:257 Stage-2: Statge-1 compound reacts with 2-chloro ethyl-oxirane in the presence of methanol solvent medium forms the stag-2 compound. O Cl N O OH NH + Cl O Methanol O O Stage-2 Stage-1 2-Chloromethyl-oxirane C H ClNO C16H19NO2 C3H5ClO 19 24 3 Mol. Wt.: 257 Mol. Wt.: 92 Mol. Wt.: 349.8 Stage-3: Stage-2 compound reacts with 9H-carbazol-4-ol in the presence of potassium carbonate forms the stage-3 compound. OH O K CO Cl N 2 3 OH + O N H Stage-2 9H-Carbazol-4-ol C H NO C19H24ClNO3 12 9 Mol. Wt.: 349.8 Mol. Wt.: 183 O O N OH O HCl + N H Hydrochloric Stage-3 acid C31H32N2O4 Mol.Wt.:36.5 Mol. Wt.: 496.6 Stage-4: Stage-3 compound undergoes reduction in the presence of H2; Pd/C forms the carvedilol free base. O O N H2, Pd/C OH + H2 O N Stage-3 H Hydrogen C31H32N2O4 Mol. Wt.: 496.6 Mol. Wt.: 2 O O NH OH CH3 O + N H Toluene Carvedilol free base C7H8 C24H26N2O4 Mol. Wt.: 92 Mol. Wt.: 406.5 Stage-5: Carvedilol free base reacts with phosphoric acid and water forms carvedilol phosphate. The reaction proceeds as per the below equation. O O NH OH OH H2O + OH P OH +1/2 HO O 2 O NH Carvedilol free base Phosphoric acid Water C24H26N2O4 H3O4P Mol. Wt.: 406.5 Mol. Wt.: 98 Mol.Wt.: 9 O O NH OH CH3 O . H3PO4 .1/2 H2O Carvedilol phosphate C25H30NO8P Mol. Wt.: 513.5 FLOW CHART OF CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Stage-1 1-(2-bromo ethoxy)-2-methoxy benzene benzyl amine Reactor Spent toluene to recovery Toluene Centrifuge Layer Seperator Forms hydrobromic acid Stage-1 Stage-2 stage-1 product 2-chloro ethyl-oxirane Reactor Spent methanol to recovery Methanol Centrifuge Stage-2 Stage-3 Stage-2 9H-carbazol-4-ol Reactor HCl gas to scrubbing Potassium carbonate Centrifuge Layer separation Stage-3 Stage-4 Stage-3 comound Reactor Toluene to recovery H2, Pd/C Centrifuge Layer separation Cavedilol free base Stage-5 Carvedilol free base Phosphoric acid Reactor Water Centrifuge Waste water to recovery Distillation Pharma CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE The product is manufactured in three stages. Stage-1: 4-[4-Dimethylamino-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-hydroxy-butyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-benzonitrile on Cyclisation in presence of Phosphoric acid and Ammonia solution produces stages-1 product. F F CH3 CH3 N Phosphoric acid + .H O OH N 2 CH3 Liq.Ammonia,Toluene O OH CH NC NC 3 4-[4-Dimethylamino-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- 1-hydroxy-butyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-benzonitrile Stage-1 Water C H FN O C20H23FN2O2 20 22 2 Mol. Wt.: 18 Mol. Wt.: 342 Mol. Wt.: 324.4 Stage-2: Citalopram Hydro bromide is produced when stage-1 compound reacts with Hydrobromic acid . Isopropyl alcohol, Carbon and Di isopropyl ether is used in the process. F F CH3 IPA CH3 N + HBr O N CH3 O CH3 NC NC HBr Stage-1 Hydro bromicacid Citalopram Hydrobromide C20H22FN2O BrH C20H22BrFN2O Mol. Wt.: 324.4 Mol. Wt.: 80.9 Mol. Wt.: 405.3 FLOW CHART OF CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE Stage-1 4-[4-Dimethylamino-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- 1-hydroxy-butyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-benzonitrile Phosphoric acid Reactor Toluene to recovery Liq.Ammonia,Toluene Water Centrifuge Ammonium phosphate salt solution for sale Stage-1 Stage-2:Pharma Stage-1 Hydrobromic acid Spent solvent to recovery Di Isopropyl ether Reactor Iospropyl alcohol Centrifuge Di Isopropyl ether Stage-Pharma CLOSANTEL SODIUM The product is manufactured in three stages. Stage-1: Step-A: Sodium bicarbonate and Sodium sulphide react together in presence of water to produce Sodium hydrogen sulphide Water NaHS + Na2CO3 NaHCO3 + Na2S Sodium Sodium Sodiumhydrogen Sodium bicarbonate sulphide sulphide Carbonate Mol. Wt.: 84 Mol.Wt.:78 Mol. Wt.: 56 Mol.Wt.:106 Step-B: This mass is made to react with 1-chloro-3-methyl-5-nitro benzene and p-Chloro Benzyl cyanide in presence of toluene solvent medium and water to produce the stage-1 compound. Cl Cl Cl CN –O Cl N Toluene N+ + + O NaHS H2N 2 O CH3 CH3 1-Chloro-3-methyl parachloro -5-nitro-benzene benzyl cyanide Stage-1 Oxygen O C7H6ClNO2 C8H6ClN C15H12Cl2N2 2 Mol. Wt.: 171.6 Mol. Wt.: 151.6 Mol. Wt.: 291.2 Mol. Wt.: 32 Stage-2: Stage-1 on reaction with 2-Hydroxy-3, 5-diiodo-benzoicacid by means of phosphorous trichloride in presence of toluene solvent medium and water to form the stage-2 compound Cl OH O I Cl CN OH Toluene/PCl + 3 Water H2N I CH3 2-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodo Stage-1 -benzoic acid C15H12Cl2N2 C7H4I2O3 Mol. Wt.: 291.2 Mol. Wt.: 389.9 OH O Cl C N I NH CH Cl H2O + I CH3 Water Closantel C22H14Cl2I2N2O2 Mol. Wt.: 18 Mol. Wt.: 663.1 Stage-3: Stage-2 compound with Formic acid and Sodium Hydroxide in Water and Acetone OH O Cl C N I OH NaOH NH CH Cl + + O I CH3 Closantel Formic acid Sodium Hydroxide C22H14Cl2I2N2O2 CH2O2 Mol. Wt.: 663.1 Mol. Wt.: 46 Mol. Wt.: 40 I CH 3 Water + I NH Cl H2O O Acetone OH O O- Na+ Cl N Water Closantel Sodium C23H15Cl2I2N2NaO4 Mol. Wt.: 18 Mol. Wt.: 731.1 FLOW CHART OF CLOSANTEL SODIUM Stage-1 Sodiumbicarbonate Sodium Sulphide Reactor Inorganic salt solution to waste Water 1-chloro3-methyl-2-nitro benzene parachlorobenzyl cyanide Tolouene to recovery Reactor Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide O2 gas to scrubbing Toluene Centrifuge Stage-1 Stage-2: Stage-1 2-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-benzoic acid Toluene Reactor Toluene to recovery Phosphorus tri chloride water Centrifuge Inorganic salt solution to waste Stage-2 Stage-3: Closantel Formic acid Sodium Hydroxide Reactor Acetone to recovery Water Acetone Centrifuge Water to waste Final compound ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM TRIHYDRATE The product is produced in two stages. Stage-1: 5-Methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-yl-methyl sulfanyl)-1H-benzoimidazole reacts with cumene hydro peroxide and potassium Hydroxide by means of titanium isopropoxide in presence of Methylene dichloride solvent medium to form the stage-1 product. O H O N NH Titanium S isoperoxide + + KOH O N O MDC 5-Methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2- ylmethylsulfanyl)-1H-benzoimidazole cumene hydroperoxide Potassium C17H19N3O2S C9H12O2 Hydroxide Mol. Wt.: 329.4 Mol. Wt.: 152.2 Mol. Wt.: 56.1 O N OH N CH3 S + H O + N CH3 O 2 O O K Phenyl-acetic acid Esomeprazole Potassium Water C8H8O2 C17H18KN3O3S Mol.Wt.:18 Mol. Wt.: 136.2 Mol. Wt.: 383.5 Stage-2: Stage-1 compound on reaction with Magnesium Chloride solution in presence of acetone solvent medium to form the final compound N N CH3 Acetone 2 + Mg.Cl + 3 H O S 2 2 N O O O CH3 K Esomeprazole Potassium Magnesium Water C34H36N6O6S2K2 Chloride H6O3 Mol. Wt.: 767 Mol. Wt.: 95 Mol. Wt.: 54 O O N S N N O Mg O N N S 2 KCl + N O O H O H2O H2O 2 Potassium Chloride Cl2K2 Esomeprazole Magnesium trihydrate Mol. Wt.: 149 C34H42MgN6O9S2 Mol. Wt.: 767.2 FLOW CHART OF ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM TRIHYDRATE Stage-1: 5-Methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl- pyridin-2-yl-methyl sulfanyl)-1H-benzoimidazole Cumene hydro peroxide Potassium hydroxide Reactor Solvent Mls Titanium isopropoxide Methylene Dichloride Centrifuge Water to waste Layer separator Phenyl acetic acid Stage-1 Stage-2: Stage-1 Magnesium Chloride Reactor Water Acetone to recovery Acetone Centrifuge Inorganic salt solution to waste Pharma FEXOFINADINE HYDROCHLORIDE The product is produced in three stages. Stage-1: 2-[4-(4-Chloro-butyryl)-phenyl]-2-methyl-propionic acid methyl ester undergoes condensation with Azacyclonol and Sodium Bicarbonate by means of Methyl isobutyl ketone in presence of Ethyl alcohol solvent medium to form the stage-1 compound.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nietzsche and Psychedelics – Peter Sjöstedt-H –
    Antichrist Psychonaut: Nietzsche and Psychedelics – Peter Sjöstedt-H – ‘… And close your eyes with holy dread, For he on honey-dew hath fed, And drunk the milk of Paradise.’ So ends the famous fragment of Kubla Khan by the Romantic poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He tells us that the poem was an immediate transcription of an opium-induced dream he experienced in 1797. As is known, the Romantic poets and their kin were inspired by the use of psychoactive substances such as opium, the old world’s common pain reliever. Pain elimination is its negative advantage, but its positive attribute lies in the psychedelic (‘mind- revealing’)1 state it can engender – a state described no better than by the original English opium eater himself, Thomas De Quincey: O just and righteous opium! … thou bildest upon the bosom of darkness, out of the fantastic imagery of the brain, cities and temples, beyond the art of Phidias and Praxiteles – beyond the splendours of Babylon and Hekatómpylos; and, “from the anarchy of dreaming sleep,” callest into sunny light the faces of long-buried beauties … thou hast the keys of Paradise, O just, subtle, and mighty opium!2 Two decades following the publication of these words the First Opium War commences (1839) in which China is martially punished for trying to hinder the British trade of opium to the Chinese people. Though opium, derived from the innocent garden poppy Papavar somniferum, may cradle the keys to Paradise it also clutches the keys to Perdition: its addictive thus potentially ruinous nature is commonly known. Today, partly for these reasons, opiates are mostly illegal without license – stringently so in their most potent forms of morphine and heroin.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Intranasal Versus Intravenous Midazolam for Management of Status Epilepticus in Dogs: a Multi-Center Randomized Parallel Group Clinical Study
    Received: 16 July 2019 Accepted: 9 September 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15627 STANDARD ARTICLE Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: A multi-center randomized parallel group clinical study Marios Charalambous1 | Holger A. Volk2 | Andrea Tipold2 | Johannes Erath2 | Enrice Huenerfauth2 | Antonella Gallucci3 | Gualtiero Gandini3 | Daisuke Hasegawa4 | Theresa Pancotto5 | John H. Rossmeisl5 | Simon Platt6 | Luisa De Risio7 | Joan R. Coates8 | Mihai Musteata9 | Federica Tirrito10 | Francesca Cozzi10 | Laura Porcarelli11 | Daniele Corlazzoli11 | Rodolfo Cappello12 | An Vanhaesebrouck13 | Bart J.G. Broeckx14 | Luc Van Ham1 | Sofie F.M. Bhatti1 1Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium 2Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany 3Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 4Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan 5Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 6Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 7Small Animal Referral Centre, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom 8Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 9Department of Clinical Veterinary
    [Show full text]
  • Radical Approaches to Alangium and Mitragyna Alkaloids
    Radical Approaches to Alangium and Mitragyna Alkaloids A Thesis Submitted for a PhD University of York Department of Chemistry 2010 Matthew James Palframan Abstract The work presented in this thesis has focused on the development of novel and concise syntheses of Alangium and Mitragyna alkaloids, and especial approaches towards (±)-protoemetinol (a), which is a key precursor of a range of Alangium alkaloids such as psychotrine (b) and deoxytubulosine (c). The approaches include the use of a key radical cyclisation to form the tri-cyclic core. O O O N N N O O O H H H H H H O N NH N Protoemetinol OH HO a Psychotrine Deoxytubulosine b c Chapter 1 gives a general overview of radical chemistry and it focuses on the application of radical intermolecular and intramolecular reactions in synthesis. Consideration is given to the mediator of radical reactions from the classic organotin reagents, to more recently developed alternative hydrides. An overview of previous synthetic approaches to a range of Alangium and Mitragyna alkaloids is then explored. Chapter 2 follows on from previous work within our group, involving the use of phosphorus hydride radical addition reactions, to alkenes or dienes, followed by a subsequent Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. It was expected that the tri-cyclic core of the Alangium alkaloids could be prepared by cyclisation of a 1,7-diene, using a phosphorus hydride to afford the phosphonate or phosphonothioate, however this approach was unsuccessful and it highlighted some limitations of the methodology. Chapter 3 explores the radical and ionic chemistry of a range of silanes.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Kinetics of Novel Ionic Liquid Soluble Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reagents
    Synthesis and kinetics of novel ionic liquid soluble hydrogen atom transfer reagents Thomas William Garrard Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree Doctor of Philosophy June 2018 School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ORCID: 0000-0002-2987-0937 Abstract The use of radical methodologies has been greatly developed in the last 50 years, and in an effort to continue this progress, the reactivity of radical reactions in greener alternative solvents is desired. The work herein describes the synthesis of novel hydrogen atom transfer reagents for use in radical chemistry, along with a comparison of rate constants and Arrhenius parameters. Two tertiary thiol-based hydrogen atom transfer reagents, 3-(6-mercapto-6-methylheptyl)-1,2- dimethyl-3H-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 2-methyl-7-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)heptane-2-thiol, have been synthesised. These are modelled on traditional thiol reagents, with a six-carbon chain with an imidazole ring on one end and tertiary thiol on the other. 3-(6-mercapto-6-methylheptyl)- 1,2-dimethyl-3H-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate comprises of a charged imidazolium ring, while 2- methyl-7-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)heptane-2-thiol has an uncharged imidazole ring in order to probe the impact of salt formation on radical kinetics. The key step in the synthesis was addition of thioacetic acid across an alkene to generate a tertiary thioester, before deprotection with either LiAlH4 or aqueous NH3. Arrhenius plots were generated to give information on rate constants for H-atom transfer to a primary alkyl radical, the 5-hexenyl radical, in ethylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide.
    [Show full text]
  • O/C -O-O-( X, Generally Carried out at a Temperature in the Range of 20 and (B) Mineral Acid Salts of These Compounds
    3,256,288 United States Patent Office Patented June 14, 1966 W 2 -Cl, -Br or -SONH2, with an appropriate imino ether 3,256,288 hydrochloride having the formula -SUBSTITUTED AMNOALKYL-2-ARYLOXY METHYLEBENZRADAZOLE COMPOUNDS E Clarence L. Moyle, Care, and Diomed M. Cher, Mid land, Mich., assignors to The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich., a corporation of Delaware W (III) No Drawing. Fied May 24, 1962, Ser. No. 197,285 wherein in this and succeeding formulas, E is -H, -R, 9 Claims. (C. 260-294.7) -CI, -Br, -OH, -OR or -CONH2 and R' is a lower alkyl group, to produce the desired benzimidazole product This invention is directed to benzimidazole compounds, O and R'OH, NH3 and HCl by-products. The gaseous NH particularly (a) N-substituted benzimidazole compounds and HCl generally evolve from the reaction mixture al having the formula though some of the HC1 may react with NH and remain in the reaction mixture as ammonium chloride salt or may react with the basic benzimidazole product and remain 5 as the hydrochloride salt thereof. / N Y In carrying out the preparation, substantially equimolar proportions of the reactants are employed although either reactant may be employed in excess. The reaction is O/C -o-o-( x, generally carried out at a temperature in the range of 20 and (b) mineral acid salts of these compounds. In this from 60 to 82° C. for a period of from about 20 to 72 and succeeding formulas-NR'R'' is di(lower-alkyl)ami hours. It is preferred that an alcoholic solvent be em no, piperidino, morpholino or pyrrolidino; X is -H, ployed in this process.
    [Show full text]
  • Rectal Absorption in Childhood
    RECTAL ABSORPTION IN CHILDHOOD by JOHN WILLIAM ALEXANDER MACKENZIE, M.B., Ch. THESIS SUBMITTED FOR DEGREE OF M.D. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW ProQuest Number: 13849818 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13849818 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 (i) CONTENTS Page Preface, ..« «». ••• ••• (ii) Introduction, ... ... ... 1. The Origins of Rectal Therapy, ... 1. The Present Position, ... ... 6. Investigation: A. The Absorption of Glucose, ... 11. Blood Sugar Studies, ... ... 15. The Glucose Content of the Rectal Washout. 18. The Effect of the Glucose Enema on Nitrogen Metabolism, ... ... 19. B. The Absorption of Sodium Chloride, ... 35. C. The Absorption of Predigested Protein, 41. D. The Absorption of Drugs, ... ... 53. 1. Potassium Bromide, ... ... 55. 2. Sodium Salicylate, ... ... 58. 3. Sulphanilamide, ... ... 65. Discussion. The Range of Substances Absorbed, ... 73. The Path of Absorption, ... ... 76. The Quantity Given, ... ... 80. General Conclusion, ... ... ... 84. General Summary, ... ... ... 86. APPENDIX. 1. Solutions used for Rectal Infusion, 87. 2. Biochemical Methods, ... 89. 3. Bibliography, ... ... 94. (ii) PREFACE The work for this thesis was carried out in the wards and biochemical laboratory of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow.
    [Show full text]
  • Canine Status Epilepticus Care
    Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk CANINE STATUS EPILEPTICUS CARE Author : Stefano Cortellini, Luisa de Risio Categories : Vets Date : August 2, 2010 Stefano Cortellini and Luisa de Risio discuss emergency management techniques for a condition that can claim the lives of 25 per cent of afflicted dogs – as the quicker the start of treatment, the better the chances of control STATUS epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with a mortality of up to 25 per cent in dogs (Bateman, 1999). SE can be defined as continuous epileptic seizure (ES) activity lasting longer than five minutes, or as two or more ES with incomplete recovery of consciousness interictally. SE has also been defined as continuous seizure activity lasting for 30 minutes or longer. However, emergency treatment to stop the ES should be administered well before the defined 30-minute time. The most common type of SE is generalised tonic-clonic status. When this is prolonged, the tonic- clonic clinical manifestations can become subtle, with only small muscle twitching and altered mentation. This status is called electromechanical dissociation, as continued abnormal electrical activity in the brain persists while the motor manifestations are minimal to absent. In these cases, emergency anti-epileptic treatment is necessary as for tonic-clonic status. SE can be divided into two stages. The first stage is characterised by generalised tonicclonic seizures and an increase in autonomic activity that causes tachycardia, hypertension, 1 / 7 hyperglycaemia, hyperthermia and increased cerebral blood flow. The second stage of SE starts after about 30 minutes and is characterised by hypotension, hypoglycaemia, hyperthermia, hypoxia, decreased cerebral blood flow, cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Bromine Number According ASTM D 1159
    SI Analytics-Application report Titration Determination of bromine number according ASTM D 1159 Description This application note describes the determination of the bromine number of petroleum distillates, olefins and similar samples with a bromine number > 1. For bromine numbers < 1 please use the test method for ASTM D 2710 or for aromatic hydrocarbons the coulometric test method ASTM D1492. Instruments Titrator TL 7000 or higher with 10 or 20 ml burette. Electrode Pt 1200, Pt 1400 or KF 1100 and temperature sensor (e.g. W W 5790 NN) Cable L 1 NN (only for Pt 1200 and Pt 1400) Stirrer Magnetic stirrer TM 235 Lab accessory Glass beaker 150 ml or larger with an ice bath or double jacketed titration vessel TZ 1756 with a cryostat. The sample have to be maintained at a temperature between 0 – 5 °C. 50 ml volumetric flask with stopper, 250 ml graduated measuring cylinder 5 ml volumetric pipette or variable one Magnetic stirrer bar 30 mm Reagents 1 Bromide-Bromate, Standard Solution(0.2500 M as Br2) 2 Glacial acetic acid 3 Dichloromethane (as replacement of 1,1,1-trichloroethane) 4 Methanol 5 Sodium thiosulfate solution 0.1 M for standardization of the titrant (optional) 7 Sulfuric acid 1/5 diluted (1 part H2SO4 conc. + 5 parts water) 6 Potassium Iodide solution (150 g/L) for standardization of the titrant (optional) 8 Starch indicator solution of redox electrode Pt 62 (+ WA 50 exchangeable unit) All reagents should be of analytical grade or better. Bromine number ASTM D 1159.docx 1/4 Titration procedure Titration solvent Prepare 1 L of titration solvent by mixing the following volumes of materials: 714 mL of glacial acetic acid, 134 mL of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (or better dichloromethane), 134 mL of methanol, and 18 mL of H2SO4(1 + 5).
    [Show full text]
  • Radical Cyclization in Heterocycle Synthesis. 12.1) Sulfanyl Radical
    February 2001 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49(2) 213—224 (2001) 213 Radical Cyclization in Heterocycle Synthesis. 12.1) Sulfanyl Radical Addition–Addition–Cyclization (SRAAC) of Unbranched Diynes and Its Application to the Synthesis of A-Ring Fragment of 1a,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Okiko MIYATA, Emi NAKAJIMA, and Takeaki NAITO* Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658–8558, Japan. Received September 25, 2000; accepted October 24, 2000 Sulfanyl radical addition–addition–cyclization (SRAAC) of unbranched diynes proceeded smoothly to give cyclized exo-olefins, while the sulfanyl radical addition–cyclization–addition (SRACA) of diynes having a quater- nary carbon gave cyclized endo-olefins. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of A-ring fragment of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Key words sulfanyl radical; addition–addition–cyclization; diyne; alkylidenecyclopentane; alkylidenecyclohexane; vitamin D Radical cyclization is a useful method for the preparation ther a quaternary carbon or a heteroatom, sulfanyl radical ad- of various cyclic compounds.1) Recently, this method in dition–cyclization–addition (SRACA) occurred to give endo- 5 5 which carbon centered radical species are generated by the olefin 3. In the case of longer carbon chain, 1 (n 2, X CH2, addition reaction of a radical to a multiple bond has drawn C(COOMe)2) gave exo-olefin 2 as the major product, while 1 5 5 the attention of synthetic chemists because of its several ad- (n 2, X NSO2Ar) gave a complex mixture. Synthetic util- vantages, such as readily available starting substrate and for- ity of newly found SRAAC has been proved by a novel syn- mation of functionalized products.
    [Show full text]
  • ' -I {\~ 'Lr:R, ~', C, T...J5.--Ia. Rl V{. Rici-...L... FRENCH
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MNH/83.7 ORGANISATION MONDIALE D! LA SANTE ..' ,I ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/ t) I'(.AA ... ) ' -I r:r, t......J5.--iA. rl V{. rICI-..... l... FRENCH {\~ ' l ~' , C, .. {.;'.; (,( 0 ' . \"'''-C:.. ~\ ~ ~v '- ' / '~ v- J C; SEVENTH REVIEW OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR INTERNATIONAL CONTROL ) Geneva, 7-11 March 1983 " : CONTENTS INDEXED _, INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE OF THE MEETING • 2 SOURCES AND NATURE OF DATA REVIEWED 2 REVIEW OF DRUGS FOR INTERNATIONAL CONTROL 2 i 4.1 Alfentanil 2 . 4.2 Chloral hydrate • 3 :4.3 Paraldehyde • • • 3 4.4 Potassium bromide 3 ' 4.5 Buprenorphine 3 ,4.6 Butorphanol • 4 4.7 Cyclazocine 4 4.8 Nalbuphine 4 4.9 Pentazocine • • • • 4 WHO'S CANCER PAIN RELIEF PROGRAMME 5 .; CONSIDERATIONS OF FUTURE PROGRAMMES • • • • 5 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 6 ~~ EX I ...... 8 INTRODUCTION Dr Halfdan Mahler, Director-General of WHO, Dr Lu Rushan, Assistant tor-General of WHO, welcomed the participants in this meeting and expressed the concern of Tegarding the process of reviewing substances for international control. Dr Norman Sartorius, Director, Division of Mental Health WHO, discussed with the ipants the conditions in the developing nations which must be considered in reaching regarding the recommendation of substances for international control. He referred ifically to a gradual change in the attitude of people towards pain. No longer is pain as a natural accompaniment of disease. The effective analgesics, widely available the developed countries of the world, must become available for legitimate medical needs P~ tients in the developing countries. This availability of analgesic drugs must however into account the fact that many such substances are capable of producing dependence and • consequence significant public health and social problems.
    [Show full text]
  • [(4-Chlorophenyl) Sulfanyl] Ethoxy- 3-Methoxy-5-[5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-2-Furyl]Benzonitrile
    Available online a t www.derpharmachemica.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharma Chemica, 2015, 7(3):242-247 (http://derpharmachemica.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-413X CODEN (USA): PCHHAX Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 2-2-[(4-chlorophenyl) sulfanyl] ethoxy- 3-methoxy-5-[5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-furyl]benzonitrile P. Veerabhadra Swamy*a,b , K. B. Chandrasekhar c and Pullaiah China Kambhampati a aLaxai Avanti Life Sciences, Lab#9, ICICI Knowledge park, Shameerpet, Turkapally Village, Hyderabad bDepartment of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telengana, India cDepartment of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, Anantapuramu, A.P., India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The present paper describes the synthesis and of (2-(4-chlorophenylthio)ethoxy)-3-methoxy-5-(5-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)benzonitrile from commercially available vanillin and 3,4,5-trimethoxy acetophenone as starting materials utilizing green reagents and solvents. The antibacterial test results indicated that the title compound displayed excellent activity against both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria: (Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Furan, 3,4,5-trimethoxy acetophenone, vanillin, synthesis _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Furan derivatives
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Isotope Separation of Lithium by Electromigration in Fused Lithium Bromide and Potassium Bromide Mixture, (II) Composition of Salt in Anode Compartment
    Journal of NUCLEARSCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY,7 (10), p. 522~526 (October 1970). Studies on Isotope Separation of Lithium by Electromigration in Fused Lithium Bromide and Potassium Bromide Mixture, (II) Composition of Salt in Anode Compartment Yoshinobu YAMAMURA* and Shin SUZUKI* Received May 13, 1970 Accurate knowledge on the salt composition in the anode compartment is indispensable when 6Li is to be highly enriched by electromigration in fused LiBr-KBr mixture. A study was made on the dependence on temperature shown by the salt composition in the anode com- partment. It was observed that sustained electromigration led to a salt composition in the anode compartment that was determined by the prevailing temperature. The composition was observed for various temperatures between 380- and 740-C: In terms of the ratio Li/K in chemical equivalent, the values were 1.31 at 380-C, 1.29 at 420-C, 1.31 at 460-C, 1.41 at 500-C, 1.76 at 540-C, 1.82 at 580-C, 1.95 at 620-C, 2.16 at 680-C and 2.34 at 740-C. These results can be explained by assuming that the fused LiBr-KBr mixture is a system composed of two simple salts and their eutectic, and that at temperatures below 550-C, which is the melting point of LiBr, LiBr and KBr are dissolved in fused eutectic, while KBr is dissolved in the fused eutectic and LiBr at temperatures between 550- and 738-C, which latter is the melting point of KBr. I. INTRODUCTION . EXPERIMENTAL In a previous study(1), one of authors suc- 1.
    [Show full text]