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Adec Preview Generated PDF File w' /' ~ , . " .... ' ~ ... : , ',," " • #~ , ': ' , ", JI. { I' I ~ " '. ARCHAEOLOGICAL ~ '~~~T:~~A~'~:O~:" OF:,'::' ,:' ',':,,':::t:\ - ~~:.:. ',:. ~ ~ ... : '., l' .. .' ", ~ " , , . ,:.,<,; , . .. , , ..... ","" " .. ' " .., <I!";t"._,'· BOYDTOWN,- TWOFOLD BAY, NEW, SOUTH WALE~' ,j- ;,'- ,,' . " i' #, A REPORT ". For the Heritage Council of NSW Anne Bickford Box BD Wentworth Building Univers~ty ,of Sydney' " NSW 2006 '., May' 19BO .',. , . .'. ,~ . '.0. " .' .. : I' I ;1 i 'I ~ CONTENTS "I I INTRODUCTION 1 THE INVESTIGATION 2 I The Sources 11 Fieldwork 3 Compilation of Report 4 I~ THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 5 , 6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 11 I c.1803 - 1842 1842 -'1849 7 1849 - c.1935 10 c.1935 - 1980 11 I Boydtown in its ,Heyday 12 BENJAMIN BOYD'S BOYDTOWN 1842-1848 16 I Illegal Digging 17 18 THE SITES 11 I The Wells 11 Area I: Woolstore, Wharf, and Shell Mounds Area II: Kilns site 20 I Area Ill: East of the Seahorse Inn 22 Area IV: Sites Around the Incinerator 23 Area V: The Seahorse Inn Footings 25 I Area VI: West of tr..e Seahorse Inn 26 " Area VII: Proposed Caravan Park West 27 of the Seahorse Inn 'I Area VIII: The Church and Graves 29 Area IX: The Boiling-down Works, Quarry, 31 and Wells I 33 RECO~rnENDATIONS CONCLUSION AND 11 Conclusion I Recommendations 34 BIBLIOGRAPHY 38 I PLANS 41 '·1 I~ I I ~ .,~ I ~ . .~:,: ... t '.' .. '" . :if>: .,/'.' ." .....:~.:. I 1\ 1\ .( , I .i ./.0::\~ . .- 1 1<77 Od \ // 00 \// """0 ......./ " / A ~ 0-- 1 °4t.z, \ ~.o:: .. \ , \ ',-, '\"., 15·~ " . 1 'I ",\- I \ '. I BOYDTOWN I 1 I I ..... I INTRODUCTION I I Benjamin Boyd's activities in Australia span the period 1842-1849. During this time he invested large sums of money in I~ the development of pastoralism, coastal shipping, whaling, and in the establishment and growth of the' township of Boydtown on. the I far south coast of New South Wales, which was to serve as ~ commercial centre for all these ventures. The area I was instructed to investjgate covers about half' to one kilometre to the east, west, I and south of the Seahorse Inn, Boydtown. (see Plan I overleaf). / This area does not include some well-known sites of Boyd's I establishment at Twofold Bay. These are: the s~ndstone tower known as Boyd's Tower at Red Point; the site of Boyd's whaling I station in East Boyd Bay; and the remains of the cottages of two of his managers - Moutry's at Torarago Point, and Oswald I Brierly's near Edrom Lodge, East Boyd Bay. In an interview with the manager of the Boydtown Caravan I Park I was told of "a few old bricks" which had been turned up ,., by recent bulldozer clearing for a proposed caravan park to the I west of the existing one. In searching this area I found several sites, marked ~, C, D, ~, and F, on the attached plan I (Plan 11, at the back of this Report). Though these fall outside the area designated for investigation by the Heritage Council, as sites of Boyd's activities at Boydtown I have' included them in the I survey. I -I NOTE 1: This Report super~edes the 'Interim Report submitted I~ earlier this month. I " NOTE 2: Scales: The orange and white ranging pole in the photographs is two metres long. Each division = 50 erns. The smaller black and white scale is 50cms long. Each I- division = 5 cms. II I 2 I .i I i"- I THE INVESTIGATION I I The investigation commenced on 17 March 198.0 with documentary research. I. 1 The Sources The records held in the Mitchell Library, Sydney, were searched. I The catalogues of printed books, manuscripts, indexes of newspapers and historieal documents, pictures, maps and plans catalogues, and the Small Picture File were searched under the I entries - Benjamin Boyd, Boydtown, TvlOfold Bay, and Eden. I General histories of the area, 'information on the ceramics and glass collected, and references to the processes I of brickmaking and firing, boiling down, and salting, were searched in the General Reference Library, State Library of NSW, and in my own library. The photographs and displays in 1 the Killer Whale Museum, Eden, were inspected during the -< 1 fieldwork period. The most useful sources for this investigation were the I articles and small books by H.P. Wellings, particularly the chapter "The Buildings Connected with Boydtown" in his Benjarriin Boyd in Australia (1842 - 1849). It shoudl be noted . .. .. 1 that in this chapter Wellings' directions are at avriance with the compass. His south is magnetic east; his north, 1 magnetic west; and so on. All the directions in this Report ·1" are by compass bearings. ~, I~ I , , ,I I 3 I The only direct contemporary account comes from the 'I diary, notes, and journals of Oswald Brierly, one of Boyd's ".. managers, who was resident at Boydtown from its foundation I in December 1842 to April 1848. The dates of construction of the buildings from 1843-1847 come from B~ierlyls I manuscripts~ It is likely that no further building took place after Brierly1s departure F for Boyd was removed from the Board of the company which financed his operations in 1847, and I by December 1848 he had ceased to have any active interest in I Boydtown. " , I Fieldwork I For nine days from 25th March to 2nd April Boydtown was J surveyed and sites of the Boydtown period were planned in in I detail. A surface collection of 19th century ceramics and glass was made. This material, scattered around some sites I in association with Bcydtown bricks, was used to assist in identifying these sites as belonging to the period of Boyd1s I activi ties. ' Some samples of lime mortar were collected, again to assist in positive identification of ,Boydtown sites, for Boydtown bricks taken from ruins have been used to 'I construct and repair many local structures. -< I In the course of this investigation I interviewed one of the developers, Mr. George Moore; the manager of the 1I Seahorse Inn; the manager of the Caravan Park; Bert Egan, the curator of the Killer Whale Museum, Eden, and an authority on local history; Kay Margus, Senior Ranger, Eden I District, NPWSi and Dr. George Gibbons, Department of Applied Geology NSW Institute of Technology, who is researching 19th 1 century brick technology including bricks from Boydtown for I" the Heritage Council. 1. I am indebted to Michael Pearson, Historian, National I~ Parks and Wildlife Service, NSW, for making available his notes from his research on whaling from Brierly1s diaries. I " tl I 4 I 'i I Compliation of Report " From the 3rd April to the present, 9th May, the project, I has involved further historical and photographic research in the Mitchell Library; identification and cataloguing of the I ceramics and glass; cataloguing of black and white and colour photographs taken in the field and arranging for their I reproduction; the drawing up of plans of Boydtown as a whole and each individual site within it, both for research purposes and final presentation; and the compilation and writing of the I Interim Report and this final Report. I : I I I I I I '" I I I il [,I' 1I I I I 5 I 'I ,THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ~ I Boydtown is situated on the shores of Nullica Bay in I Twofold Bay, New South Wales. Most of the township is built on a reoent sand dune, sites to· the west and east of the Seahorse Inn up to Boydtown Creek being in almost pure sand. I The vegetation cover where the land has not been cleared is scattered timber, spiky grass, and waist-high thick bracken. I These are difficult conditions in which to search for sites. On the steeply rising ground of weathered slates to the ~ast , I of Boydtown Creek, and behind the settlement where the Church stands/the vegetation is thickly wooded. I In times of heavy rain Boydtown Creek breaks through the beach into the bay, while the Nullica River to the west I of the settlement broke its banks during floods about three years ago and the whole of the Caravan Park including the I Salting House was under more than three feet of water. l The water table is high. All wells which could be seen into contained water. The depth in the well to the west of site I J was measured at two metres below ground level. In July and August 1844 the Chief Protector of Aborogines in I Victoria, George Agustus Robinson, s~ayed at Boydtown for a few days during an expedition. He noted that there was a scarcity I of fresh water at the settlement, that it was generally obtained from wells, and that a large reservoir for catching I rainwater had been constructed. 2 I 1 I" I~ 1. Interview with manager of Caravan Park 30 March 1980. 2. Mackiness, p 334. I 11 I 6 I I ". I HISTORICAL BACKGROUND I The fortunes of Boydtown go hand in hand with the rise and fall of Benjamin Boyd, founder of the town which he I characteristically named after himself. I c.1803 - 1842 I Boyd was born in London about 1803. He became a stockbroker and also had an interest in a steamship company. I In 1839 and 1840 after hearing of the great opportunities for investment in Australia he investigated,and decided to enter, the 'I shipping and commercial fields in New South Wales. Convinced that regular communication between the main settlements in 'I south-eastern Australia could only be effected by large steRmships, he sent out three steamers from England to use in his own coastal steamship service.
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