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103. Some Account of Sikaiana Or Stewart's Island in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate

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103. Some Account of Sikaiana Or Stewart's Island in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate 103. Some Account of Sikaiana or Stewart's Island in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. Author(s): Charles M. Woodford Source: Man, Vol. 6 (1906), pp. 164-169 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2787938 Accessed: 27-06-2016 04:58 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Man This content downloaded from 142.150.190.39 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:58:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms This content downloaded from 142.150.190.39 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:58:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1906.) MAN. [No. 103. from north to south and about sixteen miles in circumference. They are situated about ninety miles to the north-north-eastward of the island of Ulawa, and the position of the principal island, Sikaiana, is about 8 deg. 22 min. 30 sec. S. Lat. and 162 deg. 44 min. E. Long. They were discovered by Captain Hunter in 1791 and were frequently visited, during the last century, by whalers and passing sailing vessels on the voyagre from Sydney to Chiiia. Captain Cheyne, a be'he de mer trader, spent some tinme witb a party ashore at Sikaiana in 1847. and has left an account of his visit and a vocabulary of the lanquazre in his book, Description of the Islands of the Western Pacific, published in London in 1852, but I bave at present no copy to which to refer. In 18a51 Benjamin Boyd, in the yacht WVanderer, visited the group, and an account of his visit is given in the Last Cruise of the Wanderer, Sydney, N.D. In October 1858 the Austrian frigate N\ovara visited the island and found a white man named Davis, who had been landed from a sandal wood trader, livinog with the natives. From then to the present time the islands have been regularly visited by trading vessels from the Solomon Islands. In 1891 the British flag was hoisted by Captain Pollard of ll.M.S. Wallaroo, and from that time the islanids have formed part of the British Solomon Islands Proteetorate. At the time of the distovery the land above water consisted of five small islands, named respectively, Sikaiana, under which name the whole group is now generally i ncluded, Faole, Matuiloto, Matuavi, and Barena. The last has since been washed away by the sea, some stones upon the reef alone marking the site of its previous position. The most important island, Sikaiana, is about a mile and a quarter in length and I perhaps three-quarters of a mile in width, and is the permanent place of residence of the whole population, the other islands being FG 1 O inhabited onily temporarily for the purposes FIG. 1.-MAN OF SIKTAIANA. of collectinug the coco-nuts or for fishini. The population, according to Cheyne, in 1847 consisted of forty-eight men, seventy-three women, and fifty children; a total of 171. At the present time it is estimated at about 250, and is believed to be slowly increasing. The natives are almnost pure Polynesians but with a slight admixture of the Micronesian element. This is quite unmistakable in cases where the cross has not occurred more than two or three generations ago and will be referred to later. [ 165 ] This content downloaded from 142.150.190.39 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:58:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms No. 103.) MIA N. [1906. Throuigli the kindness of Mr. Svensen, of Cavutu in this Protectorate, an opportu- nity was given me to visit Sikaiana in his vessel in May, 1906. The results of my visit are embodied in the following notes. From a most intelligent and interesting native named Larrio, whom I found to be a perfect mine of native traditioni, I elicited, during, the course of a night and day, the following information. The names of tlle ruling chiefs of Sikaiania in a backward series are as follows Semalu, the present chief; Saie; Tudea, falher of Semalu; Apussi; Pasauru; TesiDnu Mahuna; Poamu; iNahinahi; Teavaa; Magia ; Aniti; Amono; Pesinu; Seulu; Luahiti; Otiwea; Maiakisoa ; Alima Salau. My irnformant was not able to go farther back into history. During the H~~ reign of Alima, which he estimates at about nine "1 lives" or generations ago, a large double canoe named "1 Telualua " arrived from Samoa. The canoe left, but a native of Samoa, named Levou, remained behind at Sikaiana. During the life of the same chief Alima a double canoe arrived from Tonga and anchored outside the reef on the north-east si(le. I n I Alima sent a small canoe off to them with food. This food, which consisted of almond cakes wrapped in leaves, was b 01t given to every man in the Tongan canoe with one exception. The Tonigan who had not received food killed one of the Sikaiana men named Kaiea with a club, 1' \~~1 whereapon the rest of the Sikaiania people in the small canoe fled to the shiore. The Tongans then landed and cooked and ate the body of Kaiea. Nothing more is related of this party of Tongans. Shortly afterwards, during the lifetime of the same chief Alima, another canoe, /~~~~~~~~~r< a double canoe, called "' Fuavakalua," arrived from Tonga. The chief in com- mand of this canoe was named Waioma, arnd he is said to have been accompanied by a crew of one hundred men. They landed at Sikaiana and E the Sikaiana FiG, 2.-WOMAN OF SIKAIANA. people supplied them with food against the advice of Levou, the Samoan previously mentioned. Among the Tongans w as a man whom Levou had previously met in Samoa and knew to be a bad character, and Levou probably with the view to obviating future trouble killed him. A couflict then took place between the Tongaus and the natives of Sikaiana. A Sikaiana native, named Letakd, is said to have performed prodigies of valour. He is related to htave seized the branch of a large tree and to have killed eight Tongans with it. He had felled Waioma and was killing him when he was struck from behind and killed. Eventuallythe Tongans were victorious and most of [ 166 ] This content downloaded from 142.150.190.39 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:58:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1906.] MAN. [No. 103. the Sikaianans slain. After remaininig some time at Sikaiana the Tongans left, taking with them Semalu, the son of Alima the chief, and many girls of Sikaiana. From Sikaiana the Tongans wenit to Taumako, one of the islands of the Duff group, where they were at first well received, but the natives having beard from Semalti an account of the occurrences at Sikaiana fell upon them with bows and arrows and exterminated the whole party. Descendants of Sikaiana girls taken to Taumako by the Tongans are said to be still living there. About the same time Wandeti, a native of Kuria, in the Gilbert Group, went adrift in a canoe with his three sons and arrived at Sikaiana. Wandeti and two of his sons were murdered by the Sikaiana people, but the third, a boy named Kaitepu, was spared. Levou, the Samoan referred to previously, had a son named Kaidakita by a Sikaiana woman. Kaidakita's daughter was married to Kaitepu, the boy whose life was spared when the other Kuria natives were killed. Kaitepu was the father of Tui-ou. Tui -ou was the father of Hunakina. Hiunakina was the father of Talaloa. Talaloa was the father of Te-ai. Te-ai was the father of Kilatu. Kilatui was the father of Larrio, who was my informant. Now, this Kaidakita, the son of Levou, was a great navigator, and ma-de niany voyages from Sikaiana in an outrigged canoe. It was especially impressed upon me that Kaidakita's canoe was an outrigged canoe and not a double canoe. His adlventures read like a new Odyssey. He is relatedl to have gone from Sikaiana to Mala, and from thence to Gao, on Ysabel, and thence to Laina, a place which I cannot identify, ullless it can be the place marked on the chart as " Lina Id," near tlle soutlh-west end of Choiseul. At Laina he had an adventure with the kin, Sebaluana, who tried to break up his canoe. He had obbaiued permission from Sebalbiana to repair this canoe, but when it was finished Sebaluana wailted Kaidakita's axe, and because he would not give it up lie broke up the canoe. Then Kaidakita made a new canioe of "voia" wood, which is said to be a nut-bearing tree. Another king, by name Saluana, broke this. He then went to a third king,, Vanakula, who allowed him to repair it. He then sailed to Leueneua, Lord Howe's Group, and thence returned safe to Sikaiana. He made other voyages from Sikaiana, anid is said to have visited Taulmako (Duff Group), Tucopia, Nupani (Swallow Group), Nukuloin (?) and Tinakula, which was correctly described as a fire island.
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