DOCSLIB.ORG

Animal Rights and Wrongs: an Ethical View of Animal Experimentation from Graham Mitchell

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Animal Rights and Wrongs: an Ethical View of Animal Experimentation from Graham Mitchell INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC lWFORMATION@ 3501 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 Animal Rights and Wrongs: An Ethical View of Animal Experimentation from Graham Mitchell Number 15 ADrii 9, 199( The use of animals in research continues to be a divisive issue for the animal-rights movement and the biomedical community. Animal-rights activists are adept at working with the media and in politics to advance their viewpoint. Although researchers have begun to explain their position, there remains a strong nt%d to publicize the human benefit derived from animal experimentation. The primary need, however, is for more open communication between both sides of the debate. In an article reprinted from the Sourh Ajican Journal oj Science, Graham Mitchell, professor of physiology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, SoUtb Africa, presents a balanced view of the ethicaf aspects of this complex issue. The perpetuafbattle over the rights of an- on the surviving monkeys, but the issue re- imals is stronger and more emotional than mains unsettled. ever. Animal-rights advocates have not wa- The animal-rights controversy is not new vered in their quest to reduce and, in some to Curreru [email protected] In 1977 I re- cases, totally eliminate animaf experimen- sponded directly to a Science reporter who tation. On the other side of the issue, bio- used Science Cit&’on Indd data to’ ‘assess medical researchers have begun to become the impact” of Lester R. Aronson’s research more active in promoting the role that ani- on cats at the American Museum of Natural maf research plays in the advancement of History, New York.3 Aronson’s research medical research and practice. involved the removal of glands, nerves, and Readers may recall the 1981 case of the tissues in order to study animal sexual be- “Silver Spring monkeys, ” which became havior. Animal-rights activists claimed that a symbolic rallying point for the animal- Aronson was cmelly abusing the animals for rights movement. Edward Taub, a research- research that had’ ‘no value, ” and eventual- er at the Institute for Behavioral Research, ly the museum was pressured to abandon the Silver Spring, Maryland, was charged and research. 4 Our citation analysis showtxl that convicted of animaf cruelty. Afthough the Aronson’s work was reasonably well cited conviction was later dropped on a technicali- in his field and, by this measure at least, had ty, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) some “value.” withdrew its grant and retained custody of Recently, a researcher’s laboratory at the the monkeys. Recently, People for the Eth- School of Veterinary Medicine, University ical Treatment of Animals (PETA), a radical of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, was burglar- animal-rights organization, secured a tem- ized.s Adrian Morrison, a professor of porary restraining order to prevent eutha- anatomy who uses cats to study sleep-depriv- nasia. After the order was lifted, researchers ation, is a vwal supporter of animaf models experimented on and subsequently eutha- in biomedical research. His research is be- nized one of the monkeys. I NIH scientists lieved to have led to the identification of the say the research performed on the ‘6Sifver human rapid eye movement sleep behavioral Spring monkey” could help humans who disorder and to have implications for the suffer from nerve injuries. PETA intends to treatment of seizures and diseases such as return to court to prevent experimentation epilepsy. 6 Animal-rights activists have ac- 114 cused Morrison of using improper anesthe- Drug Abuse, and Mentid Health Adminis- sia and have said that his research is not ben- tration within the Department of Health and eficial to humans. The Animal Liberation Human Services, discussed the issue, Be- Front (ALF) claimed responsibility for the lieving that the passive approach taken by break-in, while a spokeswoman for PETA the scientific community has fostered the said that the action should “be taken as a growth of the animal-rights movement, he mild warning.”3 This is an example of the urges clinical researchers to publicize ex- terrorist tactics used by some extremists in amples of the human benefit of their animal the animal-rights movement to intimidate re- research. searchers and the public through brute force, Goodwin also feels that scientists are rather than to persuade them through ratio- time-pressured by their research responsi- nal debate. bilities and fmd it difficult to meet the public This is not to say that all animrd-rights ad- challenges of the animal-rights movement. vocates are extremists. Most work within the He proposes incentives for getting involved system and are both politically aware and in defending and promoting animal experi- media savvy. For example, Trans-Species mentation—national awards, scientific fel- Unlimited (TSU) was instrumental in pres- lowships, and so on. 10Scientists could then suring Michiko Okarnoto, professor of phar- make a contribution to the animal-rights macology, Cornell Medical College, New cause without derailing their career advance- York, to terminate 14 years of research on ment. This idea has merit and deserves se- barbiturate addiction using cats.T They rious consideration by professional sccieties picketed the laboratory, passed out litera- and private foundations. ture, got Congress involved, sent letters, and The main organization speaking for bio- made phone calls. Finally, in September medical researchers tcday is the National 1988, Okamoto gave up her $600,000 Association for Biomedical Research federal grant from the National Institute on (NABR), formed by the 1984 merger of tie Drug Abuse. Association for Biomedical Research (orga- Animal-rights groups have not only be- nized in 1979) and the National Society for come much more influential, but have Medical Research (1945). NABR tries to ed- grown considerably in number. These ucate the public and legislators on the sci- groups range from radical to moderate in entific and societal value of animal research their approach to the animal-rights cause. and lobbies against bills that would restrict Radical groups, such as PETA, TSU, and or ban animal research.g Other organiza- the International Society for Animal tions are also speaking out in favor of us- Rights4 are most often in the news. ALF, ing animals in research. Patients who have in particular, openly supports violence and profited from animal research are forming destruction and has been identified by coalition groups like the Incurably Ill for An- Scotland Yard as an international terrorist imal Research (iiFAR) in Bridgeview, Illi- group. 8 These uncompromising groups in- nois. 1I While this is a positive sign, more tend to stop animal research altogether, im- needs to be done to explain the human cost mediately and at any cost. More moderate of limiting animal research. groups, such as the American Society for NABR points out that medical research is the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals slready being affected by restrictions on an- (ASPCA), the Animal Welfare Institute, rhe imal use. Compliance with amendments to Humane Society, and Animal Rights Inter- the Animal Welfare Act of 1966, passed in national, are not primarily concerned with 1985, and new US Department of Agricul- quick and drastic bans on animal experiment- ture rules will cost an estimated $2 bil- ation. They simply want to ensure humane lion. 12Medical costs are sure to rise as a treatment of anirnals.4 result. And worse, work on life-saving and The biomedical community itself is not life-enhancing medical research may be without vocal advocates of its position. In impeded. a recent article in fie Scientist”,9 Freder- The fact is that animal research has been ick K. Goodwin, who directs the Alcohol, vital to breakthroughs in cancer, mental ill- 115 ness, and heart disease.7 According to a re- placed by alternative methods in the near fu- cent iiFAR report, using animals in research ture. has enabled scientists to develop antibiotics to fight infections and to discover insulin to Graham Mitchell: A Brief CV control diabetes; to raise the cure rate for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia In the following article reprint, Graham from 4 percent in 1965 to 70 percent in Mitchell, professor of physiology, Ursiver- 1988; and to develop immunizations against sity of Witwatersrand Medical School, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, and polio. 11 Johamesburg, South Africa, discusses the Work with dogs and other animals has led ethical aspects of the animal-rights issue. to open-heart surgery, the cardiac pace- Born in 1944, Mitchell possesses a strong maker, and organ transplantation. And, in background in veterinary science. 15 In the monumental fight against AIDS, the use 1971 he became a registered veterinary sur- of appropriate animrd models is critical to geon and is currently a member of the South the development of vaccines and thera- African Veterinary Association, the Royal pies. 13 College of Veterinary Surgeons, the British The scientific community has shown its Veterinary Association, the Physiological willingness and initiative to change. Recent- Society of South Africa, and the Zoological ly, two international drug and cosmetics Society of Southern Africa. In 1972 Mitchell firms, Avon Products Inc. and Revlon Inc., began lecturing at the University of Wit- announced that they would no longer use the watersrand MedicaJ School, where he pres- controversial lethal dose 50 and Draize ently serves as Ad Hominem Professor of tests.g Colgate-Palmolive has developed a Physiology and honorary professor of med- test to screen new substances on egg mem- ical education. He is also chairman of the branes, and Noxell Corporation has decided Animal Ethics Committee. to test new cosmetics on mouse-tissue cul- Mitchell describes two highly divergent ture.4 views of the use of animals in research: that According to a recent article in the Econ- animals are to be considered instruments omist, 14 the number of laboratory animals with their lives having no moral si@~crmce used in the US and the UK has halved since and that animals, like humans, do indeed its peak in the mid-1970s.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Are Illegal Direct Actions by Animal Rights Activists Ethically Vigilante?
    260 BETWEEN THE SPECIES Is the Radical Animal Rights Movement Ethically Vigilante? ABSTRACT Following contentious debates around the status and justifiability of illegal direct actions by animal rights activists, we introduce a here- tofore unexplored perspective that argues they are neither terrorist nor civilly disobedient but ethically vigilante. Radical animal rights movement (RARM) activists are vigilantes for vulnerable animals and their rights. Hence, draconian measures by the constitutional state against RARM vigilantes are both disproportionate and ille- gitimate. The state owes standing and toleration to such principled vigilantes, even though they are self-avowed anarchists and anti-stat- ists—unlike civil disobedients—repudiating allegiance to the con- stitutional order. This requires the state to acknowledge the ethical nature of challenges to its present regime of toleration, which assigns special standing to illegal actions in defense of human equality, but not equality and justice between humans and animals. Michael Allen East Tennessee State University Erica von Essen Environmental Communications Division Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Volume 22, Issue 1 Fall 2018 http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bts/ 261 Michael Allen and Erica von Essen Introduction We explore the normative status of illegal actions under- taken by the Radical Animal Rights Movement (RARM), such as animal rescue, trespass, and sabotage as well as confronta- tion and intimidation. RARM typically characterizes these ac- tions as examples of direct action rather than civil disobedience (Milligan 2015, Pellow 2014). Moreover, many RARM activ- ists position themselves as politically anarchist, anti-statist, and anti-capitalist (Best 2014, Pellow 2014). Indeed, the US and UK take these self-presentations at face value, responding to RARM by introducing increasingly draconian legislation that treats them as terrorists (Best 2014, McCausland, O’Sullivan and Brenton 2013, O’Sullivan 2011, Pellow 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Rights Is a Social Justice Issue
    WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 2015 Animal Rights is a Social Justice Issue Robert C. Jones California State University, Chico, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/anirmov Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Jones, R. C. (2015). Animal rights is a social justice issue. Contemporary Justice Review, 18(4), 467-482. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Animal Rights is a Social Justice Issue Robert C. Jones California State University – Chico KEYWORDS animal rights, animal liberation, animal ethics, sentience, social justice, factory farming, industrialized agriculture ABSTRACT The literature on social justice, and social justice movements themselves, routinely ignore nonhuman animals as legitimate subjects of social justice. Yet, as with other social justice movements, the contemporary animal liberation movement has as its focus the elimination of institutional and systemic domination and oppression. In this paper, I explicate the philosophical and theoretical foundations of the contemporary animal rights movement, and situate it within the framework of social justice. I argue that those committed to social justice – to minimizing violence, exploitation, domination, objectification, and oppression – are equally obligated to consider the interests of all sentient beings, not only those of human beings. Introduction I start this essay with a discouraging observation: despite the fact that the modern animal1 rights movement is now over 40 years old, the ubiquitous domination and oppression experienced by other- than-human animals has yet to gain robust inclusion in social justice theory or practice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Brain That Changes Itself
    The Brain That Changes Itself Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science NORMAN DOIDGE, M.D. For Eugene L. Goldberg, M.D., because you said you might like to read it Contents 1 A Woman Perpetually Falling . Rescued by the Man Who Discovered the Plasticity of Our Senses 2 Building Herself a Better Brain A Woman Labeled "Retarded" Discovers How to Heal Herself 3 Redesigning the Brain A Scientist Changes Brains to Sharpen Perception and Memory, Increase Speed of Thought, and Heal Learning Problems 4 Acquiring Tastes and Loves What Neuroplasticity Teaches Us About Sexual Attraction and Love 5 Midnight Resurrections Stroke Victims Learn to Move and Speak Again 6 Brain Lock Unlocked Using Plasticity to Stop Worries, OPsessions, Compulsions, and Bad Habits 7 Pain The Dark Side of Plasticity 8 Imagination How Thinking Makes It So 9 Turning Our Ghosts into Ancestors Psychoanalysis as a Neuroplastic Therapy 10 Rejuvenation The Discovery of the Neuronal Stem Cell and Lessons for Preserving Our Brains 11 More than the Sum of Her Parts A Woman Shows Us How Radically Plastic the Brain Can Be Appendix 1 The Culturally Modified Brain Appendix 2 Plasticity and the Idea of Progress Note to the Reader All the names of people who have undergone neuroplastic transformations are real, except in the few places indicated, and in the cases of children and their families. The Notes and References section at the end of the book includes comments on both the chapters and the appendices. Preface This book is about the revolutionary discovery that the human brain can change itself, as told through the stories of the scientists, doctors, and patients who have together brought about these astonishing transformations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Animal Rights Movement in Theory and Practice: a Review of the Sociological Literature Lyle Munro* School of Applied Media and Social Sciences, Monash University
    Sociology Compass 6/2 (2012): 166–181, 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00440.x The Animal Rights Movement in Theory and Practice: A Review of the Sociological Literature Lyle Munro* School of Applied Media and Social Sciences, Monash University Abstract Traditionally, philosophers have had most to say about the ethics of our treatment of non-human animals (hereafter animals); it is only in recent years that social scientists have engaged with issues concerning humans and other animals. However, in the sociological literature and more generally in the emerging field of Human–Animal Studies (HAS), evidence of interest in the animal protec- tion movement is slight. This review of Eliasian theory, Marxist realism, feminism, ecofeminism, and social constructionist theory – along with key activist approaches to animal activism and advo- cacy – indicates the theoretical richness of the topic that is nonetheless empirically poor. The ani- mal protection movement is referred to here simply as the animal movement or where appropriate, as one of its three strands – animal welfare, animal liberation and animal rights. The article concludes with a discussion of how social movement theory (the ‘why’) and practice (the ‘how’) might be enhanced by social movement scholars working in collaboration with animal acti- vists. Introduction A number of writers including Tovey (2003), Hobson-West (2007), and Irvine (2008) have recently drawn attention to the rare appearance of human–animal topics in social science texts. Work in the field of Human–Animal Studies (HAS) has mainly been con- fined to specialist journals and more recently to edited anthologies of previously published articles (Arluke and Sanders 2009; Flynn 2008; Wilkie and Inglis 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Taub ADDRESS: Department of Psychology 712 CPM University
    CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: Edward Taub ADDRESS: Department of Psychology 712 CPM University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL 35294-0018 Tel. No.: (205) 934-2471 Fax: (205) 975-6140 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION: B.A., Brooklyn College M.A., Columbia University Ph.D., New York University HONORS: 2012. The Estabrook Distinguished Research Scientist Award, Kessler Foundation. 2011, B.F. Skinner Lecture, Assoc. for Behavioral Analysis International (ABAI) President – Section J (Psychology), AAAS, 2009 CI therapy named by Soc. Neuroscience as 1 of 10 most exciting current lines of research in neuroscience (2005) Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology of the American Psychological Association (2004) CI therapy named by Soc. Neuroscience as 1 of top 10 Translational Neuroscience Accomplishments of 20th century (2003) Neal Miller Distinguished Research Lecture, American Psychological Association (2003) Leonard Diller Award, Division of Rehabilitation Psychology American Psychological Association (2001) Humboldt Fellow, Germany (2000 - 2005) William James Award, Amer. Psychol. Soc. (1997) Ireland Prize for Scholarly Distinction, Annual Award at Univ. Alabama at Birmingham (1997) Distinguished Scientist of 1996 Award, Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Scientist of Year Award – National Animal Interest Alliance (1993) Pioneering Research Contributions Award (1989), Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Distinguished Research Award, Biofeedback Society of America (1988) Guggenheim Fellow (1983-1985) President, Biofeedback Society of America (1978) Fellow, five societies Executive Board, four societies PROFESSIONAL HISTORY: Professor to University Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1986-present Guest Professor to Standing Guest Professor, University of Konstanz, 1995-2004 1 Guest Professor to Standing Guest Professor, University of Jena, 1996-2004 Visiting Professor - Universities of Tuebingen, Muenster, Hamburg, Humboldt Univ.1993-2002.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Rights Movement
    Animal Rights Movement The Animal Protection Movement. Prevention of cruelty to animals became an important movement in early 19th Century England, where it grew alongside the humanitarian current that advanced human rights, including the anti-slavery movement and later the movement for woman suffrage. The first anti-cruelty bill, intended to stop bull-baiting, was introduced in Parliament in 1800. In 1822 Colonel Richard Martin succeeded in passing an act in the House of Commons preventing cruelty to such larger domestic animals as horses and cattle; two years later he organized the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) to help enforce the law. Queen Victoria commanded the addition of the prefix "Royal" to the Society in 1840. Following the British model, Henry Bergh organized the American SPCA in New York in 1866 after returning from his post in St. Petersburg as secretary to the American legation in Russia; he hoped it would become national in scope, but the ASPCA remained primarily an animal shelter program for New York City. Other SPCAs and Humane Societies were founded in the U.S. beginning in the late 1860s (often with support from abolitionists) with groups in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and San Francisco among the first. Originally concerned with enforcing anti-cruelty laws, they soon began running animal shelters along the lines of a model developed in Philadelphia. The American Humane Association (AHA), with divisions for children and animals, was founded in 1877, and emerged as the leading national advocate for animal protection and child protection services. As the scientific approach to medicine expanded, opposition grew to the use of animals in medical laboratory research -- particularly in the era before anesthetics and pain-killers became widely available.
    [Show full text]
  • Abolitionist Animal Rights: Critical Comparisons and Challenges Within the Animal Rights Movement
    WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 11-2012 Abolitionist Animal Rights: Critical Comparisons and Challenges Within the Animal Rights Movement Corey Lee Wrenn Colorado State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/anirmov Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Wrenn, C. (2012). Abolitionist animal rights: critical comparisons and challenges within the animal rights movement. Interface, 4(2), 438-458. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interface: a journal for and about social movements Article Volume 4 (2): 438 - 458 (November 2012) Wrenn, Abolitionist Animal Rights Abolitionist animal rights: critical comparisons and challenges within the animal rights movement Corey Wrenn Abstract The abolitionist movement is an emergent and radical approach to nonhuman animal rights. Calling for a complete cessation in nonhuman animal use through the abolishing of property status for nonhuman animals and an adoption of veganism and nonviolence, this approach stands in stark contrast to mainstream approaches such as humane production and welfare reform. This paper describes the goals and stances of abolitionism; the basic debate between abolitionism and other nonhuman animal rights movements; and the current state, challenges, and future prospects for abolitionism. It is argued that abolitionism, as developed by Francione, is the only morally consistent approach for taking the interests of nonhuman animals seriously.
    [Show full text]
  • Veganism Through a Racial Lens: Vegans of Color Navigating Mainstream Vegan Networks
    Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 5-24-2018 Veganism through a Racial Lens: Vegans of Color Navigating Mainstream Vegan Networks Iman Chatila Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Chatila, Iman, "Veganism through a Racial Lens: Vegans of Color Navigating Mainstream Vegan Networks" (2018). University Honors Theses. Paper 562. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.569 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Running head: VEGANISM THROUGH A RACIAL LENS 1 Veganism Through a Racial Lens: Vegans of Color Navigating Mainstream Vegan Networks by Iman Chatila An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in University Honors and Psychology. Thesis Advisor: Charles Klein, PhD, Department of Anthropology Portland State University 2018 Contact: [email protected] VEGANISM THROUGH A RACIAL LENS 2 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Background 5 Methods 7 Positionality 7 Research Questions 7 Interviews & Analysis 8 Results & Discussion 8 Demographics: Race, Age, Education, & Duration of Veganism 8 Social Norms of Vegan Communities 9 Leadership & Redefining Activism 13 Food
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Research Facilities Protection Act of 1989”
    Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. I kroosc r- i W^l ANIMAL RESEARCH FACILITY PROTECTION KF27 LfB w.d f? y .A33277 1990f - 9 /ggg Nyiloi JOINT HE GlfsjQ Pftpp BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS, RESEARCH, AND POREIGN AGRICULTURE AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON LIVESTOCK, DAIRY, AND POULTRY OF THE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIRST CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 28, 1990 Serial No. 101-52 Printed for the use of the Committee on Agriculture U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 17-873 WASHINGTON I 1991 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office REF U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 United States Department of WAL' Agriculture GEOI CHAI GLEh % LEOh JERR DAN CHAI HAR( CHAI ROBI HARI JIM C TIMO RICH DAVI JIM J TIM t National Agricultural Library CLAU BEN : MIKE BILL Texas JILL L. LONG, Indiana GARY CONDIT, California ROY DYSON, Maryland H. MARTIN LANCASTER, North Carolina Professional Staff Dianne Powell, Staff Director Vernie Hubert, Legislative Director Daniel E. Brinza, Chief Counsel Charles Hilty, Minority Staff Director James A. Davis, Press Secretary Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture GEORGE E. BROWN Jr., , California, Chairman CHARLES ROSE, North Carolina PAT ROBERTS, Kansas LEON E. PANETTA, California E. THOMAS COLEMAN, CHARLES W. STENHOLM, Missouri Texas SID MORRISON, Washington DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas FRED GRANDY, Iowa CHARLES HATCHER, Georgia JAMES T. WALSH, JIM OLIN, Virginia New York HAROLD L. VOLKMER, Missouri JIM JONTZ, Indiana Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry CHARLES W. STENHOLM, Texas, Chairman JIM OLIN, Virginia STEVE GUNDERSON, BEN NIGHTHORSE Wisconsin CAMPBELL, Colorado LARRY J.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Spira Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered
    Henry Spira Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2017 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms017017 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm00084743 Prepared by Colleen Benoit, Karen Linn Femia, Nate Scheible with the assistance of Jake Bozza Collection Summary Title: Henry Spira Papers Span Dates: 1906-2002 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1974-1998) ID No.: MSS84743 Creator: Spira, Henry, 1927-1998 Extent: 120,000 items; 340 containers plus 6 oversize ; 140 linear feet ; 114 digital files (3.838 GB) Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Animal welfare advocate and political activist. Correspondence, writings, notes, newspaper clippings, advertisements, printed matter, and photographs, primarily relating to Spira's work in the animal welfare movement after 1974. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Douglas, William Henry James. Fitzgerald, Pegeen. Gitano, Henry, 1927-1998. Grandin, Temple. Kupferberg, Tuli. Rack, Leonard. Rowan, Andrew N. Singer, Peter, 1946- Singer, Peter, 1946- Ethics into action : Henry Spira and the animal rights movement. 1998. Spira, Henry, 1927-1998--Political and social views. Spira, Henry, 1927-1998. Trotsky, Leon, 1879-1940. Trull, Frankie. Trutt, Fran. Weiss, Myra Tanner. Organizations American Museum of Natural History.
    [Show full text]
  • Animals in the Public Debate: Welfare, Rights, and Conservationism in India Daniela Berti
    Animals in the Public Debate: Welfare, Rights, and Conservationism in India Daniela Berti To cite this version: Daniela Berti. Animals in the Public Debate: Welfare, Rights, and Conservationism in India. Reli- gions, MDPI, 2019, 10 (8), pp.475. 10.3390/rel10080475. hal-02291943 HAL Id: hal-02291943 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02291943 Submitted on 19 Sep 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. religions Article Animals in the Public Debate: Welfare, Rights, and Conservationism in India Daniela Berti National Centre for Scientific Research, 75016 Paris, France; [email protected] Received: 16 June 2019; Accepted: 5 August 2019; Published: 13 August 2019 Abstract: This paper proposes a survey of the many ways in which people look at and deal with animals in contemporary India. On the basis of ethnographic research and of multiple written sources (judgments, newspapers, websites, legal files, activist pamphlets, etc.), I present some of the actors involved in the animal debate—animal activists, environmental lawyers, judges, and hunter-conservationists—who adopt different, though sometimes interconnected, approaches to animals. Some of them look at animals as victims that need to be rescued and treated in the field, others fight for animals in Parliament or in Court so that they can be entitled to certain rights, others are concerned with the issue of species survival, where the interest of the group prevails on the protection of individual animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy, Dialogue, and the Animal Welfare Act
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Michigan School of Law University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Volume 51 2018 Beyond Rights and Welfare: Democracy, Dialogue, and the Animal Welfare Act Jessica Eisen Harvard Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr Part of the Animal Law Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Jessica Eisen, Beyond Rights and Welfare: Democracy, Dialogue, and the Animal Welfare Act, 51 U. MICH. J. L. REFORM 469 (2018). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol51/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BEYOND RIGHTS AND WELFARE: DEMOCRACY, DIALOGUE, AND THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT Jessica Eisen* ABSTRACT The primary frameworks through which scholars have conceptualized legal pro- tections for animals—animal “rights” and animal “welfare”—do not account for socio-legal transformation or democratic dialogue as central dynamics of animal law. The animal “rights” approach focuses on the need for limits or boundaries preventing animal use, while the animal “welfare” approach advocates balancing harm to animals against human benefits from animal use. Both approaches rely on abstract accounts of the characteristics animals are thought to share with humans and the legal protections they are owed as a result of those traits.
    [Show full text]